309 lines
39 KiB
XML
309 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="862B8EF49AC85D2C205ECEB0F1EA20A9">What is a genus-interpreting structural diversity among species of urothripine Phlaeothripinae (Thysanoptera)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5FE9F61DFE4FFDAF" ID-CoL="7N4M" ID-ENA="1109725" authority="Trybom" authorityName="Trybom" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,442,541,568]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stephanothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FE9F61DFEBAFDAF" bold="true" box="[151,335,541,568]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Stephanothrips</emphasis>
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Trybom
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36E2FFE8FFFB5FE9F662FC4FFDED" blockId="8.[151,1231,610,788]" box="[151,954,610,635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410F3FFE8FFFB5FE9F662FE05FDED" author="Trybom, F." box="[151,496,610,634]" page="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5FE9F662FE05FDED" ID-CoL="7N4M" authority="Trybom, 1912: 42" authorityName="Trybom" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,496,610,634]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stephanothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FE9F662FEC5FDED" box="[151,304,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Stephanothrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5E48F662FE05FDED" author="Trybom, F." box="[310,496,610,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref7949" refString="Trybom, F. (1912) Physapoden aus Natal und dem Zululande. Arkiv for Zoologi, 7 (33), 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17454" type="journal article" year="1912">Trybom, 1912: 42</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5E87F663FDDEFDEC" box="[505,555,611,635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5DFCF662FC4FFDED" ID-CoL="52CVB" authority="Trybom." authorityName="Trybom." box="[642,954,610,634]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stephanothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buffai">
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||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5DFCF662FCA9FDED" box="[642,860,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Stephanothrips buffai</emphasis>
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Trybom.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36E2FFE8FFFB5FE9F681FBC9FD0E" blockId="8.[151,1231,610,788]" box="[151,1084,641,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511CCFFE8FFFB5FE9F681FBC9FD0E" box="[151,1084,641,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410F3FFE8FFFB5FE9F681FE16FD0E" author="Crawford, J. C." box="[151,483,641,665]" page="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" year="1948">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5FE9F681FE16FD0E" ID-CoL="378G" authority="Crawford, 1948: 39" authorityName="Crawford" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,483,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FE9F681FEE6FD0E" box="[151,275,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5E67F681FE16FD0E" author="Crawford, J. C." box="[281,483,641,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="39 - 40" refId="ref7164" refString="Crawford, J. C. (1948) A new genus of Urothripidae from Guatemala. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 50, 39 - 40." type="journal article" year="1948">Crawford, 1948: 39</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5E93F681FDEAFD0E" box="[493,543,641,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5D0BF681FC07FD0E" ID-CoL="5WBLX" authority="Crawford" authorityName="Crawford" box="[629,1010,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5D0BF681FC7DFD0E" box="[629,904,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips guatemalensis</emphasis>
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Crawford
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5C82F681FBC9FD0E" bold="true" box="[1020,1084,641,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212578BFFE8FFFB5C82F681FBC9FD0E" box="[1020,1084,641,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">syn.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36E2FFE8FFFB5FE9F6A0FB6DFD2F" blockId="8.[151,1231,610,788]" box="[151,1176,671,696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FE9F6A0FED7FD2F" box="[151,290,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Verrucothrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5E57F6A0FE0CFD2F" author="Stannard, L. J." box="[297,505,671,696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="127 - 130" refId="ref7759" refString="Stannard, L. J. (1952) A new Australian Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 66, 127 - 130." type="journal article" year="1952">Stannard, 1952: 128</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5D7CF6A0FDC1FD2F" box="[514,564,672,696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5DF4F6A0FB6DFD2F" authority="Stannard." authorityName="Stannard." box="[650,1176,672,696]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Amphibolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenosa" subGenus="Verrucothrips">
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<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5DF4F6A0FCC1FD2F" box="[650,820,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Amphibolothrips</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5C3DF6A0FC3BFD2F" box="[835,974,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Verrucothrips</emphasis>
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)
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||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5CA3F6A0FBC5FD20" box="[989,1072,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">caenosa</emphasis>
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Stannard.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36E2FFE8FFFB5FE9F6BEFB3AFD41" blockId="8.[151,1231,610,788]" box="[151,1231,702,727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511CCFFE8FFFB5FE9F6BEFB3AFD41" box="[151,1231,702,727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410F3FFE8FFFB5FE9F6BEFD8EFD41" author="Ananthakrishnan, T. N." box="[151,635,702,726]" page="228" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" year="1964">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5FE9F6BEFD8EFD41" authority="Ananthakrishnan, 1964: 228" authorityName="Ananthakrishnan" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,635,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ramachandraiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FE9F6BEFEA1FD41" box="[151,340,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Ramachandraiella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5E27F6BEFD8EFD41" author="Ananthakrishnan, T. N." box="[345,635,702,726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="218 - 235" refId="ref6851" refString="Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (1964) Thysanopterologica Indica II. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 85, 218 - 235." type="journal article" year="1964">Ananthakrishnan, 1964: 228</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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.
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<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5DFBF6BFFD42FD40" box="[645,695,703,727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5C73F6BEFB3AFD41" authority="Ananthakrishnan." authorityName="Ananthakrishnan." box="[781,1231,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ramachandraiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
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<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5C73F6BEFBE3FD41" box="[781,1046,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Ramachandraiella minuta</emphasis>
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Ananthakrishnan.
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36E2FFE8FFFB5FE9F6DDFC7BFD62" blockId="8.[151,1231,610,788]" box="[151,910,733,757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511CCFFE8FFFB5FE9F6DDFC7BFD62" box="[151,910,733,757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410F3FFE8FFFB5FE9F6DDFE2EFD62" author="Bournier, A." box="[151,475,733,757]" page="81" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" year="1963">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5FE9F6DDFE2EFD62" authority="Bournier, 1963: 81" authorityName="Bournier" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,475,733,757]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Transithrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FE9F6DDFEE6FD62" box="[151,275,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Transithrips</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5E67F6DDFE2EFD62" author="Bournier, A." box="[281,475,733,757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref7044" refString="Bournier, A. (1963) Thysanopteres de l'Angola II. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 63, 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1963">Bournier, 1963: 81</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5E9BF6DDFDE2FD62" box="[485,535,733,757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
|
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species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5D13F6DDFC7BFD62" ID-CoL="57XMF" authority="Bournier." authorityName="Bournier." box="[621,910,733,757]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Transithrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5D13F6DDFCD2FD62" box="[621,807,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Transithrips asper</emphasis>
|
||
Bournier.
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||
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||
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</paragraph>
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|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF410F3FFE8FFFB5FE9F6FCFDE1FC83" author="Ananthakrishnan, T. N." box="[151,532,763,788]" page="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" year="1966">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5FE9F6FCFDE1FC83" authority="Ananthakrishnan, 1966: 2" authorityName="Ananthakrishnan" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,532,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Bournieria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FE9F6FCFEF3FC84" box="[151,262,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Bournieria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5E75F6FCFDE1FC83" author="Ananthakrishnan, T. N." box="[267,532,763,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref6873" refString="Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (1966) Thysanopterologica Indica - IV. Bulletin of Entomology, India, 7, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1966">Ananthakrishnan, 1966: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5D60F6FCFDA5FC83" box="[542,592,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5DD8F6FCFBE1FC83" authority="Ananthakrishnan." authorityName="Ananthakrishnan." box="[678,1044,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Bournieria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5DD8F6FCFCAEFC83" box="[678,859,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Bournieria indica</emphasis>
|
||
Ananthakrishnan.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36E2FFE8FFFB5FE9F742FE73FAEF" blockId="8.[151,1437,834,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Four of the generic synonyms indicated above were discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5C11F742FBC9FCCB" author="Mound, L. A." box="[879,1084,834,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="83 - 103" refId="ref7371" refString="Mound, L. A. (1972) Species complexes and the generic classification of leaf-litter thrips of the Tribe Urothripini (Phlaeothripidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 20, 83 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9720083" type="journal article" year="1972">Mound (1972: 92)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5A6DF742FA69FCCB" ID-CoL="378G" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[1299,1436,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5A6DF742FA69FCCB" box="[1299,1436,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been questioned since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5E8FF766FD5EFC16" author="Stannard, L. J." box="[497,683,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="127 - 130" refId="ref7759" refString="Stannard, L. J. (1952) A new Australian Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 66, 127 - 130." type="journal article" year="1952">Stannard (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The sole distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5B7DF766FB79FC17" ID-CoL="378G" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[1027,1164,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5B7DF766FB79FC17" box="[1027,1164,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5BBBF766FA9AFC17" ID-CoL="7N4M" authorityName="Trybom" authorityYear="1913" box="[1221,1391,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stephanothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5BBBF766FA9AFC17" box="[1221,1391,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Stephanothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been in the degree of separation between antennal segments III–V, being separate in the first genus but largely fused in the second.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5E43F7AEFD9BFC5F" ID-CoL="5WBLX" authority="Crawford" box="[317,622,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5E43F7AEFD9BFC5F" box="[317,622,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the type species of that genus, is interpreted as having segments III–V distinct from each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A67FFE8FFFB5EC9F7D2FE09FC7A" box="[439,508,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[152,270,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Antennae of urothripines. (1) Amphibolothrips grassii; (2) A. knechteli; (3) Conocephalothrips tricolor; (4) Bebelothrips flavicinctus; (5) Baenothrips guatemalensis; (6) B. moundi; (7) B. chiliensis; (8) B. cuneatus; (9) Bradythrips hesperus; (10) Stephanothrips buffai; (11) S. uvarovi (paratype); (12) S. uvarovi (Brazil); (13) S. howei; (14) S. barretti; (15) S, broomei; (16–17) S. erythrinus (paratypes); (18) S. austrinus; (19) S. adnatus; (20) Antennae of five Asian Stephanothrips species in Okajima (1989)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182215/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), although the separation between them is by no means clear. Among the various species placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5E1FF7F6FE1FFB87" ID-CoL="378G" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[353,490,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5E1FF7F6FE1FFB87" box="[353,490,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5D53F7F7FD9EFB87" ID-CoL="57XMF" authority="Bournier" box="[557,619,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Transithrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5D53F7F7FD9EFB87" box="[557,619,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">asper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5DDBF7F7FCFCFB87" ID-CoL="KC6S" authorityName="Zhao & Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[677,777,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5DDBF7F7FCFCFB87" box="[677,777,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">cuneatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have these segments clearly separate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A67FFE8FFFB5BBDF7F6FAFCFB87" box="[1219,1289,1014,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[152,270,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Antennae of urothripines. (1) Amphibolothrips grassii; (2) A. knechteli; (3) Conocephalothrips tricolor; (4) Bebelothrips flavicinctus; (5) Baenothrips guatemalensis; (6) B. moundi; (7) B. chiliensis; (8) B. cuneatus; (9) Bradythrips hesperus; (10) Stephanothrips buffai; (11) S. uvarovi (paratype); (12) S. uvarovi (Brazil); (13) S. howei; (14) S. barretti; (15) S, broomei; (16–17) S. erythrinus (paratypes); (18) S. austrinus; (19) S. adnatus; (20) Antennae of five Asian Stephanothrips species in Okajima (1989)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182215/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the only known specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5E01F01AFDEAFBA3" ID-CoL="5WBLX" authority="Crawford" box="[383,543,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5E01F01AFDEAFBA3" box="[383,543,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
segments VII and VIII are fused with scarcely any trace of suture, and this is also true of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5E60F03EFE7DFBCF" ID-CoL="KC6R" authorityName="Stannard" authorityYear="1970" box="[286,392,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5E60F03EFE7DFBCF" box="[286,392,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">chiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A67FFE8FFFB5EE6F03EFE28FBCF" box="[408,477,1086,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[152,270,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Antennae of urothripines. (1) Amphibolothrips grassii; (2) A. knechteli; (3) Conocephalothrips tricolor; (4) Bebelothrips flavicinctus; (5) Baenothrips guatemalensis; (6) B. moundi; (7) B. chiliensis; (8) B. cuneatus; (9) Bradythrips hesperus; (10) Stephanothrips buffai; (11) S. uvarovi (paratype); (12) S. uvarovi (Brazil); (13) S. howei; (14) S. barretti; (15) S, broomei; (16–17) S. erythrinus (paratypes); (18) S. austrinus; (19) S. adnatus; (20) Antennae of five Asian Stephanothrips species in Okajima (1989)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182215/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Very similar to these in structure and sculpture, the Australian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5A6AF03EFA9DFBCF" ID-CoL="KC6X" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1300,1384,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5A6AF03EFA9DFBCF" box="[1300,1384,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">moundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has segment VIII clearly distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A67FFE8FFFB5E99F062FDDEFBEB" box="[487,555,1122,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[152,270,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Antennae of urothripines. (1) Amphibolothrips grassii; (2) A. knechteli; (3) Conocephalothrips tricolor; (4) Bebelothrips flavicinctus; (5) Baenothrips guatemalensis; (6) B. moundi; (7) B. chiliensis; (8) B. cuneatus; (9) Bradythrips hesperus; (10) Stephanothrips buffai; (11) S. uvarovi (paratype); (12) S. uvarovi (Brazil); (13) S. howei; (14) S. barretti; (15) S, broomei; (16–17) S. erythrinus (paratypes); (18) S. austrinus; (19) S. adnatus; (20) Antennae of five Asian Stephanothrips species in Okajima (1989)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182215/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). A further problem is that in another Australian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5BD4F063FAC5FBEB" ID-CoL="KC6Q" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1194,1328,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5BD4F063FAC5FBEB" box="[1194,1328,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">B. caenosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, antennal segments VII and VIII can be either fused or separate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5C7DF086FC6CFB37" author="Mound, L. A." box="[771,921,1158,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="83 - 103" refId="ref7371" refString="Mound, L. A. (1972) Species complexes and the generic classification of leaf-litter thrips of the Tribe Urothripini (Phlaeothripidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 20, 83 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9720083" type="journal article" year="1972">Mound 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is also a lack of clarity in distinctions between some described species. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5DDCF0AAFCCDFB53" author="Bhatti, J. S." box="[674,824,1194,1220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6968" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (2002) Identification of the urothripid Baenothrips asper (Bournier, 1963) (Tubulifera: Urothripidae). Oriental Insects, 36, 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417316" type="journal article" year="2002">Bhatti (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a detailed morphological study of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5A42F0AAFA69FB53" box="[1340,1436,1194,1220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5FC7F0CFFF02FB7F" ID-CoL="57XMF" authority="Bournier" box="[185,247,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Transithrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5FC7F0CFFF02FB7F" box="[185,247,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">asper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recognizing that specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5D9BF0CFFCD6FB7F" ID-CoL="57XMF" authority="Bournier" box="[741,803,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Transithrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5D9BF0CFFCD6FB7F" box="[741,803,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">asper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427672FFE8FFFB5C0EF0CEFC5FFB7F" box="[880,938,1230,1256]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
do not represent that African species. The original illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5EE6F0F3FE23FA9B" ID-CoL="57XMF" authority="Bournier" box="[408,470,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Transithrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5EE6F0F3FE23FA9B" box="[408,470,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">asper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Bournier, as well as the illustrations of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8840FFE8FFFB5CA4F0F2FBCFFA9B" box="[986,1082,1266,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
by Bhatti, indicate that, in this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427672FFE8FFFB5E55F116FE75FAA7" box="[299,384,1302,1328]" name="Angola" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, antennal segments III–V are clearly distinct from each other, much as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5BC7F117FAE8FAA7" ID-CoL="KC6S" authorityName="Zhao & Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[1209,1309,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5BC7F117FAE8FAA7" box="[1209,1309,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">cuneatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A67FFE8FFFB5A55F116FA85FAA7" box="[1323,1392,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[152,270,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[165,1423,179,1808]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Antennae of urothripines. (1) Amphibolothrips grassii; (2) A. knechteli; (3) Conocephalothrips tricolor; (4) Bebelothrips flavicinctus; (5) Baenothrips guatemalensis; (6) B. moundi; (7) B. chiliensis; (8) B. cuneatus; (9) Bradythrips hesperus; (10) Stephanothrips buffai; (11) S. uvarovi (paratype); (12) S. uvarovi (Brazil); (13) S. howei; (14) S. barretti; (15) S, broomei; (16–17) S. erythrinus (paratypes); (18) S. austrinus; (19) S. adnatus; (20) Antennae of five Asian Stephanothrips species in Okajima (1989)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8182215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8182215/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the antennae of Indian specimens labelled by Ananthakrishnan as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5C8FF13BFBDAFAC3" ID-CoL="57XMF" authority="Bournier" box="[1009,1071,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Transithrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5C8FF13BFBDAFAC3" box="[1009,1071,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">asper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ooty,
|
||
<date id="FFEB1022FFE8FFFB5BF6F13AFB13FAC3" box="[1160,1254,1338,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" value="1970-07">vii.1970</date>
|
||
) have segments III–V broadly joined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F6569FFE8FFFB5FB9F182FDBDF977" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36E2FFE8FFFB5FB9F182FDBDF977" blockId="8.[151,1437,834,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Our interpretation is that antennal segment fusion has been subject to several reversals among the various species, and that this character state cannot be employed to distinguish natural groups. As a result, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5A6DF1A6FA69FA57" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[1299,1436,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5A6DF1A6FA69FA57" box="[1299,1436,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5D6CF1CAFD49FA73" authorityName="Trybom" authorityYear="1913" box="[530,700,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stephanothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5D6CF1CAFD49FA73" box="[530,700,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Stephanothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that genus will now include 47 species. These comprise 26 species from the Asian tropics, nine from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427672FFE8FFFB5D16F1EEFD27F99F" box="[616,722,1518,1544]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, three from Africa, and four from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427672FFE8FFFB5BCBF1EEFB05F99F" box="[1205,1264,1518,1544]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, plus four from South America where they are possibly introduced (see above Geographic considerations). In addition, because the only known males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5EEEF236FDE2F9C7" authorityName="Hood & Williams" authorityYear="1925" box="[400,535,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stephanothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5EEEF236FDE2F9C7" box="[400,535,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were taken in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427672FFE8FFFB5DBCF236FCD3F9C7" box="[706,806,1590,1616]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B13FFE8FFFB5C48F236FB7BF9C6" author="Okajima, S. & Urushihara, H." box="[822,1166,1590,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="227 - 233" refId="ref7697" refString="Okajima, S. & Urushihara, H. (1995 b) Studies on some Stephanothrips species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 1, 227 - 233." type="journal article" year="1995">Okajima & Urushihara 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is probable that this pantropical species is also Asian in origin. Since several of the nine species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427672FFE8FFFB5B42F25AFB56F9E3" box="[1084,1187,1626,1652]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are known only from the northern subtropical parts of this continent, it is clear that the distribution of species in this genus is primarily in association with the southeast Asian tropics. The new synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5CECF2A2FBEEF92B" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[914,1051,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5CECF2A2FBEEF92B" box="[914,1051,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Baenothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D61FFE8FFFB5B25F2A2FAF0F92B" authorityName="Trybom" authorityYear="1913" box="[1115,1285,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Stephanothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAF0FFE8FFFB5B25F2A2FAF0F92B" box="[1115,1285,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Stephanothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
results in the 15 new combinations listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D70359FFE8FFFB5E90F2C6FDB4F977" box="[494,577,1734,1760]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[152,245,1602,1626]" captionText="TABLE 1. Nomenclatural changes proposed here" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |