263 lines
41 KiB
XML
263 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="86FB635DFE3FA478E76D4418A8A010FD" ID-CLB-Dataset="20097" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e6c48e3-d940-4095-8362-fd96f151f0ec" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6388606" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648450029427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harper, Margaret A., Morales, Eduardo A. & Vijver, Bart Van De" docDate="2022" docId="03FC87D2FFAC8165FF28FE0CFD35A76F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.541.2.10.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 541 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.10" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Staurosirella tigris M. A. Harper, E. Morales & Van de Vijver 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="205" masterDocId="FFC5FFAAFFAE8161FFA0FFC0FFB5A256" masterDocTitle="An unusual freshwater diatom with bilobate ends from the Mid-Miocene of East Antarctica: Staurosirella tigris sp. nov. (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)" masterLastPageNumber="208" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="203" updateTime="1699318545608" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="4782C96765F094A628BC007D85860172">An unusual freshwater diatom with bilobate ends from the Mid-Miocene of East Antarctica: Staurosirella tigris sp. nov. (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB3D83A48E9DB3F52D89EEE5DF5EA58B">Harper, Margaret A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="708D4575DB0D168DFE7A8351336E9DF9">School of Geography, Environment & Earth Science, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand 6140 & margaret. harper @ vuw. ac. nz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7902 - 6486</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE91A71CD5FEF4722F362FC6ED5C3696" type="email">margaret.harper@vuw.ac.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1EAF2A369AA593E06A3D65D0ECBA9007">Morales, Eduardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4D26C8A6311272713804DBD43909BB96" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5998-4831</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="575FEABB55D297CF837F1901A3279D0B">Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P. I. T. E. Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005 - 345 Évora, Portugal & Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000 - 671 Évora, Portugal & edu _ mora 123 @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5998 - 4831</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5542EF1B6E4C1B186544FF4A0FAF276" type="email">edu_mora123@outlook.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1528060B0BA203FF4E88F53D348A6FCE">Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="457F9A3322144E08437DBFC49CDA808F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6244-1886</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9A8F637B668437DD8791E0A8509FADAE">Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium & bart. vandevijver @ plantentuinmeise. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6244 - 1886</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D5E4D9D72A78C0515CF406ACE2FE9DD" type="email">bart.vandevijver@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="206F54ABA68513B0318EDB4EBD79C137">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D5627A8B84D3987D700B799E17F25CD2">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FC87D2FFAC8165FF28FE0CFD35A76F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388612" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194286060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6388612" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87D2FFAC8165FF28FE0CFD35A76F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D2FFAC8165FF28FE0CFD35A76F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAC8163FF28FE0CFCFEA3B0" authority="M.A.Harper, E.Morales & Van de Vijver" authorityName="M. A. Harper, E. Morales & Van de Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,843,460,487]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tigris" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAC8163FF28FE0CFEEAA3B0" bold="true" box="[136,351,460,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Staurosirella tigris</emphasis>
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M.A.Harper, E.Morales & Van de Vijver
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAC8163FCF7FE0CFC1DA3B0" bold="true" box="[855,936,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAC8163FC1EFE0CFB84A3B0" box="[958,1073,460,486]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–15" captionStart-1="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId-0="2.[136,243,1930,1952]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId-0="figure-43@2.[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–15. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., LM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–15. Several valves in valve face view in decreasing valve length. Fig. 15 most likely represents a teratological valve. Scale bar = 10 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388608" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6388608/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Figs 1–20</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF2A664CFFAC8163FF28F84AFEB3A5BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6388608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388608/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" startId="2.[136,243,1930,1952]" targetBox="[151,1435,508,1903]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAC8163FF28F84AFEB3A5BE" blockId="2.[136,1452,1930,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAC8163FF28F84AFE9AA5C9" bold="true" box="[136,303,1930,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">FIGURES 1–15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAC8163FE95F84AFE5FA5F6" authority="Harper & Morales & Vijver, 2022" authorityName="Harper & Morales & Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[309,490,1930,1952]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tigris" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAC8163FE95F84AFE5FA5F6" box="[309,490,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Staurosirella tigris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257ADFFAC8163FE50F84BFD8CA5F6" box="[496,569,1931,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAC8163FE50F84BFD81A5F6" box="[496,564,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, LM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–15. Several valves in valve face view in decreasing valve length. Fig. 15 most likely represents a teratological valve. Scale bar = 10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<caption id="DF2A664CFFAD8162FF28F902FEAEA53E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" startId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAD8162FF28F902FEAEA53E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1730,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAD8162FF28F902FE8FA481" bold="true" box="[136,314,1730,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">FIGURES 16–20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAD8162FE9FF902FE46A48E" authority="Harper & Morales & Vijver, 2022" authorityName="Harper & Morales & Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[319,499,1730,1752]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tigris" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAD8162FE9FF902FE46A48E" box="[319,499,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Staurosirella tigris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257ADFFAD8162FE58F903FDF4A48E" box="[504,577,1731,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAD8162FE58F903FD89A48E" box="[504,572,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
, SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34F654FFFAD8165FF1DF856FEEAA0E6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAD8165FF1DF856FF63A3C7" blockId="3.[136,1452,1942,2077]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,158,1337]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
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<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAD8162FF1DF856FED8A5E6" bold="true" box="[189,365,1942,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Description:—</emphasis>
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LM (
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<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAD8162FE07F856FDA8A5E7" box="[423,541,1942,1969]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–15" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-43@2.[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–15. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., LM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–15. Several valves in valve face view in decreasing valve length. Fig. 15 most likely represents a teratological valve. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 1–15</figureCitation>
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): Frustules rectangular in girdle view (
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<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAD8162FC75F856FBA2A5E7" box="[981,1047,1942,1969]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–15" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-43@2.[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–15. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., LM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–15. Several valves in valve face view in decreasing valve length. Fig. 15 most likely represents a teratological valve. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), occasionally linked valve face to valve face, form short filaments (not shown). Valves linear, dog-bone-shaped with ends having two lateral lobes, each terminating in broadly rounded apices. Longitudinal axis longer than transapical axis. Smaller valves almost quadri- to tri-radiate (
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<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAD8162FEA5F7C2FE33AA4B" box="[261,390,2050,2077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–15" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-43@2.[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–15. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., LM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–15. Several valves in valve face view in decreasing valve length. Fig. 15 most likely represents a teratological valve. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
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). Valve dimensions between the lobes (n=30): central length 22–34 µm, central width 7.5–14.0 µm. Dimensions measuring from apices of lobes (n=30): length 24–43 µm, width 16.5 – 24.0 µm. Mantle depth (n=6): 6.0–7.5 µm. Axial sternum linear, moderately broad, approximately 1/4–1/3 of the total valve width (measured in the center), occasionally slightly eccentric due to unequal shortening of central striae (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FBF5FF26FB0DA356" box="[1109,1208,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–15" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-43@2.[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–15. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., LM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–15. Several valves in valve face view in decreasing valve length. Fig. 15 most likely represents a teratological valve. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388608/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs 4, 8</figureCitation>
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). Sternum continuing but gradually narrowing into the terminal lateral lobes. Striae present on all four margins,
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<quantity id="4CAD9B21FFAA8165FB35FECAFB6BA372" box="[1173,1246,266,292]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 in</quantity>
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10 µm, gradually shortening from the middle towards the apices, parallel in the center along the valve face longitudinal axis, more radiate towards the apices. Between apical lobes, striae typically radiate. Areolae not or only very weakly discernible in LM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAA8165FF1DFE5AFEEAA0E6" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
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SEM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FEA8FE5AFE3BA3E3" box="[264,398,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs 16–20</figureCitation>
|
||
): Valve face slightly undulate with virgae slightly raised above the striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FB7EFE5AFA2AA3E2" box="[1246,1439,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs 16, 17 &18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Virgae not wider or as wide as the striae. Vimines apparently continuing as low raised ridges on the virgae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FADEFE7EFF13A3AA" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). Striae uniseriate, composed of lineolate areolae, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B21FFAA8165FCD5FE22FC6EA3AA" box="[885,987,482,509]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1049" metricValueMax="1.143" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="43.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="42.0">42–45 in</quantity>
|
||
10 µm (n=7). Striae continuing without interruption onto the mantle. Small, hollow conical spines present on the virgae between the striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FB58FDC6FAF9A076" box="[1272,1356,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical porefields of ocellulimbus
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8866FFAA8165FE15FDEBFE5DA013" box="[437,488,555,581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, large, composed of many parallel rows of small pores, present at each apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FAEBFDEAFA2BA012" box="[1355,1438,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internally, apical porefields obscured by thickening of the valve margin and virgae thickened with striae sunken in between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FE93FDB2FE3DA0DA" box="[307,392,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rimoportulae not observed. Girdle composed of several bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FBC5FDB2FB0CA0DA" box="[1125,1209,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valvocopula clearly fimbriate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FF5EFD56FEE4A0E6" box="[254,337,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1435,190,1706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., SEM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 16. External view of an entire valve. 17. External detail of the valve margin showing the conical spines with hollow bases and the linear areolae. 18. External detail of the apical pore fields. 19. Internal detail showing part of the valvocopula and the copulae. 20. Internal detail of a valve apex showing the apical pore fields and some vimines with small or remnant volae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 16, 19), 5 µm (Figs 18, 20), 1 µm (Fig. 17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F654FFFAA8165FF1DFD7AFDB2A116" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAA8165FF1DFD7AFDB2A116" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FF1DFD7AFEABA082" bold="true" box="[189,286,698,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Type:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3C99FFAA8165FEBDFD7AFAF8A14A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3736258301" collectingDate="2017-05-25" collectionCode="BR" collectorName="Warren Dickinson" country="Antarctica" elevation="1259" location="Friis Hills" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCode="BR-4689" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427654FFAA8165FEBDFD7AFE67A082" box="[285,466,698,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">ANTARCTICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mid-Miocene glacial-lacustrine sediments in the
|
||
<location id="8E8A601FFFAA8165FBA4FD7AFBC2A082" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87D2FFAC8165FF28FE0CFD35A76F:8E8A601FFFAA8165FBA4FD7AFBC2A082" box="[1028,1143,698,724]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-77.75075" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="161.44934" name="Friis Hills" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Friis Hills</location>
|
||
, sample WD 19 (Friis Hills Drilling Project site 1, drill hole 1B core 3 preliminary sample at 16.295 m drillers’ depth) (161°26’57.646” E / 77°45’2.681”S, alt 1259 m, coll. date
|
||
<date id="FFEB1004FFAA8165FD99FCC2FD5FA14A" box="[569,746,770,797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2017-05-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9ECFFAA8165FD99FCC2FD5FA14A" box="[569,746,770,797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2017-05-25">25th May 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A05312FFAA8165FC87FCC3FC4CA14B" box="[807,1017,770,797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Warren Dickinson</collectorName>
|
||
), (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8866FFAA8165FBB4FCC2FBCDA14A" box="[1044,1144,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39EBFFFAA8165FB20FCC2FB58A14A" box="[1152,1261,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">BR-4689</specimenCode>
|
||
!=
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A41FFAA8165FAA9FCC2FAF8A14A" box="[1289,1357,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–15" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-43@2.[151,1435,508,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–15. Staurosirella tigris sp. nov., LM pictures taken from the holotype population (sample WD 19, BR-4689). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–15. Several valves in valve face view in decreasing valve length. Fig. 15 most likely represents a teratological valve. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6388608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6388608/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3C99FFAA8165FAFAFCC2FDB6A116" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3736258302" collectionCode="PLP" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCode="PLP-393" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8866FFAA8165FAFAFCC2FA1EA14A" box="[1370,1451,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39EBFFFAA8165FF28FCE6FF5AA116" box="[136,239,806,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">PLP-393</specimenCode>
|
||
, University of Antwerp)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F654FFFAA8165FF1DFC8AFC0BA66A" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAA8165FF1DFC8AFE08A1DF" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FF1DFC8AFED1A132" bold="true" box="[189,356,842,868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FDF7FC8BFD27A132" authorityName="Harper & Morales & Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[599,658,843,868]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tigris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FDF7FC8BFD27A132" box="[599,658,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">tigris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” meaning “tiger” in Latin, refers to the general outlook of the species resembling a tiger-skin rug.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAA8165FF1DFC52FC0BA66A" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FF1DFC52FEA4A1FA" bold="true" box="[189,273,914,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Age:—</emphasis>
|
||
Early to Middle Miocene, younger than 19.76 Ma based on occurrence in Friis Drift II above a 19.76 Ma tephra bed. Older than ~14 Ma as fossils of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FDDAFC76FCFBA186" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[634,846,950,976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FDDAFC76FD4EA186" box="[634,763,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
Blume
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Southern beech) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FBEEFC77FB29A186" box="[1102,1180,951,976]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isoetales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FBEEFC77FB29A186" box="[1102,1180,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Isoetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (Cantrill
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FA8AFC77FAE1A186" box="[1322,1364,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">et a</emphasis>
|
||
l. 2016) indicate a moist warm climate before the mid-Miocene climate transition of ~13.9 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B35FFAA8165FBDDFC1AFA15A1A3" author="Lewis, A. R. & Ashworth, A. C." box="[1149,1440,986,1013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="719 - 738" refId="ref4696" refString="Lewis, A. R. & Ashworth, A. C. (2016) An early to middle Miocene record of ice-sheet and landscape evolution from the Friis Hills, Antarctica. Geological Society of America Bulletin 128 (5 - 6): 719 - 738. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / B 31319.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Lewis & Ashworth 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). More precise dating based on
|
||
<superScript id="7C209B8CFFAA8165FE7BFC3EFE5EA65A" attach="right" box="[475,491,1022,1036]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">40</superScript>
|
||
Ar/
|
||
<superScript id="7C209B8CFFAA8165FDB1FC3EFD94A65A" attach="right" box="[529,545,1022,1036]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">39</superScript>
|
||
Ar dating of the tephra deposits in the Friis Hills Drillholes constrains the age of these sediments to between 15–14 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B35FFAA8165FDE1FBE2FCBCA66A" author="Verret, M. & Dickinson, W. & Lacelle, D. & Fisher, D. & Norton, D. & Chorley, H. & Levy, R. & Naish, T." box="[577,777,1058,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="174 - 188" refId="ref6298" refString="Verret, M., Dickinson, W., Lacelle, D., Fisher, D., Norton, D., Chorley, H., Levy, R. & Naish, T. (2020) Cryostratigraphy of mid-Miocene permafrost at Friis Hills, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Antarctic Science 33 (2): 174 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102020000619" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Verret
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FD2FFBE3FD75A66A" box="[655,704,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B35FFAA8165FCB4FBE2FC04A66A" author="Chorley, H. K." box="[788,945,1058,1084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" refId="ref3810" refString="Chorley, H. K. (2021) Antarctic ice sheet and climate evolution during the mid-Miocene. PhD thesis Victoria University of Wellington." type="book" year="2021">Chorley 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F654FFFAA8165FF1DFB86FD35A76F" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36C4FFAA8165FF1DFB86FD35A76F" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FF1DFB86FDA0A636" bold="true" box="[189,533,1094,1120]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Distribution and Ecology:—</emphasis>
|
||
The new species was found in several samples, together with large populations of another
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FEA9FBAAFE40A6D2" box="[265,501,1130,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FEA9FBAAFE2CA6D2" box="[265,409,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Staurosirella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B35FFAA8165FDA7FBAAFD47A6D2" author="Pinseel, E. & Harper, M. & Wolfe, A. P. & Lewis, A. R. & Dickinson, W. & Ashworth, A. C. & Sabbe, K. & Van de Vijver, B. & Verleyen, E. & Vyverman, W." box="[519,754,1130,1157]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="122" refId="ref5534" refString="Pinseel, E., Harper, M. A, Wolfe, A. P., Lewis, A. R., Dickinson, W., Ashworth, A. C., Sabbe, K., Van de Vijver, B., Verleyen, E. & Vyverman, W. (2016 a) The Miocene freshwater diatom flora of the Antarctic Continent. In: 24 th International diatom symposium: program and abstracts. University of Ghent, Academic Bibliography, pp. 122. [https: // biblio. ugent. be / publication / 8196961]" type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
Pinseel
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FDC5FBABFD2FA6D2" box="[613,666,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, see two largest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FC1AFBAAFBFFA6D2" box="[954,1098,1130,1156]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FC1AFBAAFBFFA6D2" box="[954,1098,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Staurosirella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
valves). The observed diatom flora, co-dominated by these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FE6EFB4EFD03A6FE" box="[462,694,1166,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FE6EFB4EFDEBA6FE" box="[462,606,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Staurosirella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with (at present unidentified)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FBCBFB4EFB47A6FE" authorityName="G.H.K.Thwaites" authorityYear="1848" box="[1131,1266,1166,1192]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Aulacoseiraceae" genus="Aulacoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Aulacoseirales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FBCBFB4EFB47A6FE" box="[1131,1266,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Aulacoseira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa most likely indicates the presence of shallow, open water as these tychoplanktonic taxa often thrive in waters prone to regular mixing.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FF46FB16FE0DA6A6" authorityName="Harper & Morales & Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[230,440,1238,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tigris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FF46FB16FE0DA6A6" box="[230,440,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Staurosirella tigris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was absent from more peaty samples co-dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FB88FB17FB34A6A6" authorityName="C.G.Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1837" box="[1064,1153,1239,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Eunotiaceae" genus="Eunotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eunotiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FB88FB17FB34A6A6" box="[1064,1153,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Eunotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D47FFAA8165FB18FB16FA81A6A6" authorityName="F.T.Kutzing" authorityYear="1836" box="[1208,1332,1238,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Brachysiraceae" genus="Brachysira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAD6FFAA8165FB18FB16FA81A6A6" box="[1208,1332,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Brachysira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicating it preferred more oligotrophic conditions than the latter two genera. The deposits contain macrofossils that indicate tundra vegetation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B35FFAA8165FEFAFADEFDC0A76F" author="Lewis, A. R. & Ashworth, A. C." box="[346,629,1310,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="719 - 738" refId="ref4696" refString="Lewis, A. R. & Ashworth, A. C. (2016) An early to middle Miocene record of ice-sheet and landscape evolution from the Friis Hills, Antarctica. Geological Society of America Bulletin 128 (5 - 6): 719 - 738. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / B 31319.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Lewis & Ashworth 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |