261 lines
42 KiB
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261 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="52DE0790595F9EF3A449EBC50389063E" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6CB68DBD8BFFED81EF6FB92" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acrobatidae Aplin 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="242" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A1F2977C21478CFD5CD17D1441F0B0EE">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E152DD2A52358309C61F5BC0C2B2898">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D326AAE9AC2F4E5FDC54D655A3A19EE9">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F2D4EE1FE4021F67074137ACBD95591B">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D29931FB124EA100D1762940D174ACA5">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AF4500671591ABE5ADE1B7CA74B9EAD4">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="827A123826C06BC96339BDFA92B2620A">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="DC17AF6BD43675B588EA17714F401910">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A21BA407AAD659604369D520E826CAEA">2022-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C8A012F8C279AC587609A0E19408100D">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="693C15FD9BBBD0028EA5059C9004507D">457</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EFDD5DF6CB68DBD8BFFED81EF6FB92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7036171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7036171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFDD5DF6CB68DBD8BFFED81EF6FB92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFDD5DF6CB68DBD8BFFED81EF6FB92" lastPageId="242" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CB68D9D8BFFED81ED4FE48" box="[692,1206,374,399]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9D8BFFED81ED4FE48" blockId="240.[692,1206,374,399]" box="[692,1206,374,399]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9D8BFFED8191FFE49" ID-CoL="5Y7" authority="Aplin" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[692,893,374,398]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae Aplin</taxonomicName>
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(in Aplin and Archer), 1987
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CB68D9D8C7FE0618B4FE26" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9D8C7FE0618B4FE26" blockId="240.[684,1213,424,1738]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">
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CONTENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9D958FE0619DEFE07" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1818" box="[851,956,424,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Acrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CB68D9D958FE0619DEFE07" box="[851,956,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">Acrobates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9D9F1FE061EE5FE07" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1874" box="[1018,1159,424,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Distoechurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CB68D9D9F1FE061EE5FE07" box="[1018,1159,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">Distoechurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 48).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CB68D9D8C7FE441900FA67" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9D8C7FE44188EFDE4" blockId="240.[684,1213,424,1738]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">STEM AGE: 29.0 Mya (95% HPD: 26.4–32.7 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9D8C7FD82188FFDA1" blockId="240.[684,1213,424,1738]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">CROWN AGE: 14.1 Mya (95% HPD: 10.3–18.1 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9D8C7FDC11900FA67" blockId="240.[684,1213,424,1738]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: Foramen for ramus lateralis of mandibular nerve present at anteromedial end of the glenoid fossa (char. 53: 0→1; ci = 1.000); hypotympanic sinus floor formed by petrosal and “entotympanic-like” ossification (char. 56: 0→2; ci = 0.667); ear canal largely occluded by bony disk (char. 62: 0→1; ci = 1.000); malleo-incudal and stapedio-incudal articulations fused, without sutures (char. 63: 0→1; ci = 1.000); stapedial footplate strongly convex (char. 66: 1→2; ci = 0.286); process of the exoccipital extending anterolaterally to the exit of the facial nerve (stylomastoid notch or foramen) present (char. 80: 0→1; ci = 0.500); squamosal and the pars canalicularis of the petrosal seamlessly fused, with no evidence of a suture between the two bones even in juveniles (char. 88: 0→1; ci = 1.000); diastema between C1 and upper incisor row absent (char. 110: 0→1; ci = 0.167); premolariform second upper premolar (P2) distinctly taller than premolariform P3 (char. 119: 2→0; ci = 0.118); M4 absent (char. 129: 0→1; ci = 0.667); and neomorphic labial cingulum present on M1–3 (char. 133: 0→1; ci = 0.200).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CB68DBD8C7FA071EF6FB92" lastPageId="242" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68DBD8C7FA071BE8FE9B" blockId="240.[684,1213,424,1738]" lastBlockId="242.[108,638,226,1738]" lastPageId="242" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">
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COMMENTS: The distinctiveness of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DE5EFA071EDFFA06" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1818" box="[1109,1213,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Acrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CB68D9DE5EFA071EDFFA06" box="[1109,1213,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">Acrobates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9D8D7FA641906FA25" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1874" box="[732,868,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Distoechurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CB68D9D8D7FA641906FA25" box="[732,868,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">Distoechurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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relative to other “possums” was recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9D95BFA451E06F9C4" author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" box="[848,1124,1515,1539]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="10 - 11" refId="ref189295" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1983. Review of possum and glider phylogeny: the case for the Phalangeroidea. In Abstracts of the 1983 Possums and Gliders Symposium of the Australian Mammal Society: 10 - 11. Armidale: Australian Mammal Society." type="book chapter" year="1983">Aplin and Archer (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DE79FA45189DF9E3" author="Archer, M." pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="633 - 808" refId="ref190081" refString="Archer, M. 1984 c. The Australian marsupial radiation. In M. Archer and G. Clayton (editors), Vertebrate zoogeography and evolution in Australasia: 633 - 808. Perth: Hesperian Press." type="book chapter" year="1984">Archer (1984c)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9D93CF9A21998F9E3" author="Baverstock, P. R." box="[823,1018,1548,1572]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref192472" refString="Baverstock, P. R. 1984. The molecular relationships of Australian possums and gliders. In A. Smith and I. Hume (editors), Possums and gliders: 1 - 8. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1984">Baverstock (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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. These two genera were formally referred to their own family,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DE75F980189FF9A1" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
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, by Aplin (in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9D9A9F9E01ED3F9A0" author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" box="[930,1201,1614,1639]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="xv - lxxii" refId="ref189347" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: xv - lxxii. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin and Archer, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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), who identified a long list of distinctive features of the hard and soft tissues shared by
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DE22F93E1EECF96F" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1818" box="[1065,1166,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Acrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CB68D9DE22F93E1EECF96F" box="[1065,1166,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">Acrobates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9D8A7F91C1956F90D" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1874" box="[684,820,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Distoechurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CB68D9D8A7F91C1956F90D" box="[684,820,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">Distoechurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We also find the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DE30F91C1EDFF90D" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[1083,1213,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
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to be characterized by numerous craniodental synapomorphies, including several uniquely derived features of the auditory region and associated basicranial structures.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF393CC3F6CA68D8DA67F9361B5CF90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6971467/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="241" startId="241.[108,150,1688,1709]" targetBox="[145,1181,227,1656]" targetPageId="241">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CA68D8DA67F9361B5CF90B" blockId="241.[108,1212,1686,1740]" pageId="241" pageNumber="241">
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FIG. 48.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CA68D8DACFF9381BC4F969" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1874" box="[196,422,1686,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Distoechurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="241" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pennatus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CA68D8DACFF9381BC4F969" box="[196,422,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="241">Distoechurus pennatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CA68D8DBBFF9381828F969" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[436,586,1686,1710]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="241" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CA68D8D85FF93818B3F969" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[596,721,1686,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="241" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
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; based on AMNH 221721, an adult of unknown sex from Irian Jaya).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C968DBDA87FEC81BB4FA67" blockId="242.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDA87FEC81BFFFEB9" author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" box="[140,413,358,382]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="xv - lxxii" refId="ref189347" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: xv - lxxii. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin and Archer (1987</bibRefCitation>
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: lix–lx) argued that acrobatids share a number of distinctive morphological synapomorphies with
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDBE7FE071821FE07" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[492,579,425,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" genus="Tarsipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C968DBDBE7FE071821FE07" box="[492,579,425,448]" italics="true" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">Tarsipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(the only known representative of the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBD845FE641AB4FDC5" authorityName="Gervais and Verreaux" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tarsipedidae</taxonomicName>
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) and that the two families should be placed together in the superfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDBF5FDA51AF6FD83" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Tarsipedoidea">Tarsipedoidea</taxonomicName>
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, of uncertain relationships to other phalangeridans. However, our molecular (figs. 27–29) and total-evidence (figs. 32,
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<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6C968DBDBA4FDC11BA9FD40" box="[431,459,623,647]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="242" pageNumber="242">33</figureCitation>
|
||
) analyses agree with other recent molecular studies in placing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDA67FD1E1A97FD0F" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[108,245,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDBFBFD1E181AFD0F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[496,632,688,712]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDB17FD7C1BCDFD2D" authorityName="Gervais and Verreaux" authorityYear="1842" box="[284,431,722,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tarsipedidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDBC8FD7C185CFD2D" box="[451,574,722,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDA67FD5D1B47FCCC" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[108,293,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDA67FCBA1A93FCEB" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[108,241,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDB25FCBA1BD8FCEB" authorityName="Gervais and Verreaux" authorityYear="1842" box="[302,442,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tarsipedidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not supported here or in recent molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDBF3FC9B1A85FCA9" author="Phillips and Pratt" firstAuthor="Phillips" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="594 - 605" refId="ref221205" refString="Phillips, M. J., and R. C. Pratt. 2008. Family-level relationships among the Australasian marsupial " herbivores " (Diprotodontia: koala, wombats, kangaroos and possums). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 594 - 605." type="journal article" year="2008">Phillips and Pratt, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDAFFFCF81B8AFCA9" author="Meredith, R. W. & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" box="[244,488,854,878]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="554 - 571" refId="ref216642" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 a. A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (3): 554 - 571." type="journal article" year="2009">Meredith et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDBFFFCF81854FCA9" author="Meredith, R. W. & C. Krajewski & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" box="[500,566,854,878]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="383 - 406" refId="ref216745" refString="Meredith, R. W., C. Krajewski, M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 c. Relationships and divergence times among the orders and families of Marsupialia. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 65: 383 - 406." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
2009
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD820FCF81854FCA9" author="Rodgers, J. C." box="[555,566,854,878]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref224441" refString="Rodgers, J. C. 2011. Comparative morphology of the vestibular semicircular canals in therian mammals. Ph. D. dissertation, Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin." type="book" year="2011">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2011;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDA67FCD91B32FC48" author="Mitchell, K. J." box="[108,336,887,911]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="2322 - 2330" refId="ref217043" refString="Mitchell, K. J., et al. 2014. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and habitat preference evolution of marsupials. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (9): 2322 - 2330." type="journal article" year="2014">Mitchell et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDB55FCD9181AFC48" author="May-Collado, L. J. & C. W. Kilpatrick & I. Agnarsson" box="[350,632,887,911]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="805" refId="ref216304" refString="May-Collado, L. J., C. W. Kilpatrick, and I. Agnarsson. 2015. Mammals from ' down under': a multi-gene species-level phylogeny of marsupial mammals (Mammalia, Metatheria). PeerJ 3: e 805." type="journal article" year="2015">May-Collado et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDA67FC361B39FC77" author="Duchene, D. A." box="[108,347,920,944]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="400 - 412" refId="ref200659" refString="Duchene, D. A., et al. 2018. Analysis of phylogenomic tree space resolves relationships among marsupial families. Systematic Biology 67 (3): 400 - 412." type="journal article" year="2018">Duchêne et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDB61FC361AC6FC16" author="Alvarez-Carretero, S." pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref188636" refString="Alvarez-Carretero, S., et al. 2021. A species-level timeline of mammal evolution integrating phylogenomic data. Nature 602: 263 - 267." type="journal article" year="2021">Álvarez-Carretero et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); instead,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDB1AFC171BF7FC16" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[273,405,953,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is consistently found to be the first petauroid family to diverge, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDA67FC551A95FBD4" authorityName="Gervais and Verreaux" authorityYear="1842" box="[108,247,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tarsipedidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDB6AFC551BB7FBD4" box="[353,469,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDBFDFC551AC5FBF3" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. By implication, the putative synapomorphies shared by acrobatids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDBDEFB901B52FBB0" authority="(Aplin and Archer, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Aplin and Archer" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" genus="Tarsipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C968DBDBDEFB901849FB92" box="[469,555,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">Tarsipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD837FB931B4AFBB0" author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="xv - lxxii" refId="ref189347" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: xv - lxxii. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin and Archer, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
either evolved convergently in those clades, or they are synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBD85BFB2E1AAEFB7F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were secondarily reversed in the common ancestor of petaurids and pseudocheirids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDAAFFB4D1BBDFB3C" author="Phillips and Pratt" box="[164,479,1251,1275]" firstAuthor="Phillips" page="602" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="594 - 605" refId="ref221205" refString="Phillips, M. J., and R. C. Pratt. 2008. Family-level relationships among the Australasian marsupial " herbivores " (Diprotodontia: koala, wombats, kangaroos and possums). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 594 - 605." type="journal article" year="2008">Phillips and Pratt, 2008: 602</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Of these two possibilities, the second appears less likely given the more conventionally phalangeridan morphology of petaurids and pseudocheirids compared to acrobatids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDB9DFAC61B8CFAB8" baseAuthorityName="Aplin and Archer" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[406,494,1384,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" genus="Tarsipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C968DBDB9DFAC61B8CFAB8" box="[406,494,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">Tarsipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD80FFAC91A98FA67" author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="xv - lxxii" refId="ref189347" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: xv - lxxii. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin and Archer, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDB0DFA261BE4FA67" author="Aplin, K. P." box="[262,390,1416,1440]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="369 - 391" refId="ref189198" refString="Aplin, K. P. 1987. Basicranial anatomy of the early Miocene diprotodontian Wynyardia bassiana (Marsupialia: Wynyardiidae) and its implications for wynyardiid phylogeny and classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 369 - 391. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDB99FA261BA9FA67" author="Aplin, K. P." box="[402,459,1416,1440]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref189256" refString="Aplin, K. P. 1990. Basicranial regions of diprotodontian marsupials: anatomy, ontogeny and phylogeny. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C968DBDA87FA0719E2FDE4" blockId="242.[108,638,226,1738]" lastBlockId="242.[684,1213,226,1109]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">
|
||
Fossil acrobatids have been found in late Oligocene to middle Miocene sites at Riversleigh World Heritage Area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDB7EFA451AC0F9E3" author="Brammall, J. R. & M. Archer" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="24 - 25" refId="ref195035" refString="Brammall, J. R., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct petaurids, acrobatids, tarsipedids and burramyids (Marsupialia): relationships and diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 24 - 25." type="journal article" year="1999">Brammall and Archer, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDAA5F9A31B05F9E3" author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" box="[174,359,1548,1573]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDB78F9A2181BF9E3" author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" box="[371,633,1548,1572]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDA65F9831B5AF982" author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" box="[110,312,1581,1605]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDB48F9831BB1F982" author="Fabian, P. R." box="[323,467,1581,1605]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref201437" refString="Fabian, P. R. 2012. First known Tertiary representatives of the feather-tail possums (Acrobatidae, Marsupialia): palaeobiodiversity, phylogenetics, palaeoecology and palaeogeography. Unpublished Honours thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2012">Fabian, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDBEDF983181FF982" author="Fabian, P. R." box="[486,637,1581,1605]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref201437" refString="Fabian, P. R. 2012. First known Tertiary representatives of the feather-tail possums (Acrobatidae, Marsupialia): palaeobiodiversity, phylogenetics, palaeoecology and palaeogeography. Unpublished Honours thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2012">Fabian (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that these fossils include early members of both the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDB23F9C11BEDF940" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1818" box="[296,399,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Acrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C968DBDB23F9C11BEDF940" box="[296,399,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">Acrobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBDBF8F9C1181CF940" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1874" box="[499,638,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Distoechurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C968DBDBF8F9C1181CF940" box="[499,638,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">Distoechurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineages, which, therefore, must have diverged prior to the late Oligocene, a temporal inference that is congruent with the results of several recent molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD9CEFEAD1EDBFEDC" author="Meredith, R. W. & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" box="[965,1209,259,283]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="554 - 571" refId="ref216642" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 a. A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (3): 554 - 571." type="journal article" year="2009">Meredith et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD8A6FE8A19F3FEFB" author="Mitchell, K. J." box="[685,913,292,316]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="2322 - 2330" refId="ref217043" refString="Mitchell, K. J., et al. 2014. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and habitat preference evolution of marsupials. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (9): 2322 - 2330." type="journal article" year="2014">Mitchell et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD995FE8A1EE9FEFB" author="Duchene, D. A." box="[926,1163,292,316]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="400 - 412" refId="ref200659" refString="Duchene, D. A., et al. 2018. Analysis of phylogenomic tree space resolves relationships among marsupial families. Systematic Biology 67 (3): 400 - 412." type="journal article" year="2018">Duchêne et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). By contrast, our dated total-evidence analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6C968DBDE93FEEB18AAFEB9" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="242" pageNumber="242">fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
) supports a somewhat younger (Miocene) date for the
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C968DBD926FE291E45FE58" box="[813,1063,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBD926FE2919F1FE58" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1818" box="[813,915,391,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Acrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Acrobates</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C968DBD996FE291E45FE58" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1874" box="[925,1063,391,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" genus="Distoechurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Distoechurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
divergence; if so, then the late Oligocene Riversleigh acrobatids should fall outside the crown clade. However, these potentially important fossils have yet to be formally described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C968DBD8C6FD821EF6FB92" blockId="242.[684,1213,226,1109]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">
|
||
Also of interest are reports of a currently unnamed “possum” from middle Pleistocene deposits at Mount Etna in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4982A2A9F6C968DBD9C3FDC01E2FFD41" box="[968,1101,622,646]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="242" pageNumber="242">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDE5DFDC01889FD60" author="Hocknull, S. A." pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="39 - 122" refId="ref208977" refString="Hocknull, S. A. 2005. Ecological succession during the late Cainozoic of central eastern Queensland: extinction of a diverse rainforest community. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51 (1): 39 - 122." type="journal article" year="2005">Hocknull (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD8FCFD3E194FFD6F" author="Hocknull, S. A." box="[759,813,656,680]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref209017" refString="Hocknull, S. A. 2009. Late Cainozoic rainforest vertebrates from Australopapua: evolution, biogeography and extinction. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) considered this mysterious fossil to be superfamily incertae sedis but noted that it has features characteristic of both burramyids and acrobatids. Several authors have concluded that burramyids retain more plesiomorphic craniodental features than other phalangeridans (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD8E6FCF819EFFCA9" author="Thomas" box="[749,909,854,878]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref229987" refString="Thomas, O. 1888. Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History)." type="book" year="1888">Thomas, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD996FCF81E58FCA9" author="Bensley, B. A." box="[925,1082,854,878]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="83 - 217" refId="ref193249" refString="Bensley, B. A. 1903. On the evolution of the Australian Marsupialia, with remarks on the relationships of the marsupials in general. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 9: 83 - 217." type="journal article" year="1903">Bensley, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDE42FCF8195EFC48" author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="xv - lxxii" refId="ref189347" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: xv - lxxii. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin and Archer, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD942FCD91E6BFC48" author="Wroe, S. & B. S. Mackness" box="[841,1033,887,911]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="605 - 612" refId="ref236571" refString="Wroe, S., and B. S. Mackness. 1998. Revision of the Pliocene dasyurid, Dasyurus dunmalli (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 42 (2): 605 - 612." type="journal article" year="1998">Wroe et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
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; but see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBDE64FCD91881FC77" author="Winge" firstAuthor="Winge" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" refId="ref234762" refString="Winge, H. 1941. The interrelationships of the mammalian genera. vol. 1. Monotremata, Marsupialia, Insectivora, Chiroptera, Edentata. (translated from the 1923 Danish original by E. Deichmann and G. M. Allen), Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels Forlag." type="book" year="1941">Winge, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C968DBD8F9FC3619F0FC77" author="Archer, M." box="[754,914,920,944]" pageId="242" pageNumber="242" pagination="367 - 372" refId="ref189765" refString="Archer, M. 1976 e. Phascolarctid origins and the potential of the selenodont molar in the evolution of diprotodont marsupials. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 17 (3): 367 - 372." type="journal article" year="1976">Archer, 1976e</bibRefCitation>
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), so it is possible that the Mount Etna taxon is a stem acrobatid retaining plesiomorphic similarities to burramyids. However, regardless of its true affinities, the Mount Etna “possum” considerably postdates the inferred origin of the acrobatid crown clade.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |