plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/EA/E2/03EAE240FF89FF87439EF9D8FBF970AB.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

525 lines
75 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="538DB915BD57681AB9DD14D55948FDBB" ID-CLB-Dataset="7937" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ecaeb51-3fad-4aad-92c6-d6f0bd8eff54" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424977" ID-ZooBank="111A9D05-860F-4917-A466-A44847B2D650" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610036570597" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk, Goudie, Lisa &amp; Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2020" docId="03EAE240FF89FF87439EF9D8FBF970AB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4878.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4878 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Abyssocladia oxyasters Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="7A5F1B7E-12E2-4197-8AC6-1BFEF5847C86" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="250" masterDocId="FFD39A38FF8EFF8C4309FF8CFFEC7122" masterDocTitle="New carnivorous sponges and allied species from the Great Australian Bight" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="240" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1698923743032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="F343C6AFA62B3B970B29BDDD7C8123B9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="27C96D050002B1E3D24BBEC119A37196">
<mods:title id="517EF839B042EA7F55B5FC99555F9DD9">New carnivorous sponges and allied species from the Great Australian Bight</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CDF9BBAC0434BC2B00C030E812E70728" type="personal">
<mods:role id="78B7EB5614B126AF9A05F7C87194CB1E">
<mods:roleTerm id="6D99EB6DFE348B0939258FE6519D82E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="22FF912DF88A62EB6C846B9DCB7A163C">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B2EC7B4D7F8456C050CD5FD346EEE74D">Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia &amp; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072 Australia &amp; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="09AD36E9CF4469E2EF876F87C3EAB612" type="personal">
<mods:role id="37C6FBCAEFFB94C8F50B6D1834CDFE2C">
<mods:roleTerm id="5442696D6E368D35B197ECBA7EB33E6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="33A2D439A611ACD6645D4DC2D1D68D75">Erpenbeck, Dirk</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B6F460A138ECDEBC02BCF28A912B1B3B" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2716-1085</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9DED604DDE7A3CA6090E1939EDCCC32D">Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany &amp; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany erpenbeck @ lmu. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2716 - 1085</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="95F3236A43488D1465B229B3AFCF9F69" type="email">erpenbeck@lmu.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B784B6C1101023873A44B75A639FA14B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C263D5438679BC71021AE78A47F89017">
<mods:roleTerm id="3069AA1D591ACEB2A88C67EDE61272A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A605DE7D85D074B13C97A20532A9556C">Goudie, Lisa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5EA4D4AD02E17F5D3AD3639073E891EF" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2569-8903</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F29DE01F00587DB4D9E7C5B2ED6639EB">Consultant, Victoria, Australia. goudielj @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2569 - 8903</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B61C091589E839660D8B6F480B20B8C" type="email">goudielj@bigpond.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2A00A46D8C4F42FC51ED2E8E062D6147" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1B3F7CF94EB39AE4200AB98B1F26E3A7">
<mods:roleTerm id="93E17D13396E178737A9C4BDA7765FBB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="56CF317CB743FFA55FE4C090BA130922">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="764ABFF1970672FCDB2FFE2D71529AE7">Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia &amp; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="584E809C0115CE3C3AB8EF8028E13E92">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A5D0538FBAF2010C8A8A46170C95DD34" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C38CCA67BDD4C2F157EB46E62CAA824A">
<mods:title id="C2737C3226599C2416948B652516C4BA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AD0CA0426C9887AC94AD529BA2EABE5B">
<mods:date id="B63B5A95A54A8C5980C67702B80DF6A7">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1556FAD545CB0A5B801D1860FAB7C9A6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4A7DCD4A8625A3A0F6F70B00E373402B">2020-11-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1D800318056295346FE327DFB99A02E7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E8E6A5B9C5E010478213ABB6A3860DF1">4878</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A9E17F8AF064A1A63243ED101CF70ECD" type="issue">
<mods:number id="DD2661CA0E19FEAE0CC4D3AE2B5BE30D">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="6809368692CC9F1EA2A1A6042507820D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AC5BDB29A201634AA70DF386C580B877">240</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6CDAD6C4F2BB2687A5739D0F9668807F">266</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="57319D3B971485E92BE03EA969B76E0D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DFE736F335FC539150B0885EBF429A42" type="CLB-Dataset">7937</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9BAED2AAF6B2273BAD9E65FB74C7B610" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="68F5FD84F6E43CBB45AF2FE40CFD6FD7" type="GBIF-Dataset">0ecaeb51-3fad-4aad-92c6-d6f0bd8eff54</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8BB5FB9EA57B599E4E9481572F5A242B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="54C4018BC57DC322817BBABDBF8FE650" type="Zenodo-Dep">4424977</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0D46DD992D8F662F6A68A8FF10F448FD" type="ZooBank">111A9D05-860F-4917-A466-A44847B2D650</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03EAE240FF89FF87439EF9D8FBF970AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4426025" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180324186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4426025" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A5F1B7E-12E2-4197-8AC6-1BFEF5847C86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EAE240FF89FF87439EF9D8FBF970AB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<subSubSection id="C35900DDFF89FF8B439EF9D8FDFE774D" box="[151,530,1620,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF89FF8B439EF9D8FDFE774D" blockId="7.[151,923,1620,1712]" box="[151,530,1620,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<heading id="D0B4E43AFF89FF8B439EF9D8FDFE774D" bold="true" box="[151,530,1620,1647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF89FF8B439EF9D8FDFE774D" bold="true" box="[151,530,1620,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF89FF8B439EF9D8FE41774D" ID-CoL="86WNT" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,429,1620,1647]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyasters" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF89FF8B439EF9D8FE41774D" bold="true" box="[151,429,1620,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Abyssocladia oxyasters</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204323FFF89FF8B42BDF9D9FDFE774D" box="[436,530,1621,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35900DDFF89FF8B439EF9F5FCF077D1" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF89FF8B439EF9F5FE9077B1" blockId="7.[151,923,1620,1712]" box="[151,380,1657,1683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF89FF8B439EF9F5FEF377B1" box="[151,287,1657,1683]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1635,1659]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetBox-2="[179,1408,417,1612]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@8.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@9.[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetId-2="figure-140@11.[179,1408,417,1612]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., holotype SAMA S2590. A. Holotype on-deck after collection. B. Upper face of the body and filaments of the holotype. C. Cleistochelae. D. Oxyasters. E. Mycalostyle. F. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in E. G. Basal style. H. Sigmancistras." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., A. Upper surface of the sponge body showing the cleistochelae on the exterior of the ectosome, and the oxyasters in the underlying endosome above the mycalostyles. B. Copepods commonly occurring in the endosome with the oxyasters. C. Stem of the holotype showing the cleistochelae on the endosome and the underlying mycalostyles. D. Two filaments showing the abundant sigmancistras and cleistochelae in the ectosome and the underlying mycalostyles in the endosome." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., holotype SAMA S2590. A. Magnified view of the holotype showing the oxyaster encrusted embryos, spermatocysts or oocytes spheres (arrows) and the arrangement of the mycalostyles. B. Spheres in the endosome surrounded by oxyasters. C. Two magnified spheres (brown colour) encrusted by oxyasters (white colour). D. A dissected sphere." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424985" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424987" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424989" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4424985/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4424987/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4424989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Figures 4–6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6C166EDFF89FF8B4223F9F5FE9077B1" box="[298,380,1657,1683]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,239,728,752]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of spicules (presented as minimum-(mean)-maximum of lengths and widths in µm) for specimens of Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3C03DEFF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="DF3C03DEFF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF89FF8B439EF914FC777792" blockId="7.[151,923,1620,1712]" box="[151,923,1688,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<uri id="FFD25F54FF89FF8B439EF914FC777792" box="[151,923,1688,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFE56983FF89FF8B42ABF914FC777792" box="[418,923,1688,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">7A5F1B7E-12E2-4197-8AC6-1BFEF5847C86</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF89FF8B439EF957FCF077D1" blockId="7.[151,796,1755,1779]" box="[151,796,1755,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF89FF8B439EF957FEF277D1" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,286,1755,1779]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF89FF8B439EF957FEF277D1" box="[151,286,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF89FF8B4268F957FD2F77D1" author="Ekins, M. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[353,707,1755,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref13406" refString="Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2020) Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa, 4774 (1), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020</bibRefCitation>
:
<tableCitation id="C6C166EDFF89FF8B41C2F957FCF477D1" box="[715,792,1755,1779]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of spicules (presented as minimum-(mean)-maximum of lengths and widths in µm) for speci-" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3C03DEFF89FF8B439EFF1BFA71718D" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" tableUuid="DF3C03DEFF89FF8B439EFF1BFA71718D">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35900DDFF89FF8B439EF8ADFBE676E9" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF89FF8B439EF8ADFBE676E9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1825,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF89FF8B439EF8ADFE967619" bold="true" box="[151,378,1825,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B2B590BFF89FF8B4280F8ADFD2076A1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3044031314" collectingDate="2017-03-23" collectionCode="SAMA, CSIRO, RV" collectorName="CSIRO" elevation="3063" location="Great Australian Bight" longitude="130.90463" municipality="Nullarbor Canyon" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" specimenCode="S2590" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF89FF8B4280F8ADFE1A7619" box="[393,502,1825,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED52CB93FF89FF8B4108F8ADFDBC7619" box="[513,592,1825,1851]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBE5FB2DFF89FF8B4151F8ADFD4E761E" box="[600,674,1825,1852]" collectionCode="SAMA" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="Museum">S2590</specimenCode>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98C92CFF89FF8B41A7F8ADFC917619" box="[686,893,1825,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Nullarbor Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9C058DFF89FF8B4081F8ADFB667619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAE240FF89FF87439EF9D8FBF970AB:8E9C058DFF89FF8B4081F8ADFB667619" box="[904,1162,1825,1851]" longitude="130.90463" municipality="Nullarbor Canyon" name="Great Australian Bight" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" stateProvince="South Australia">Great Australian Bight</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49879DB4FF89FF8B479FF8ADFAAB7619" box="[1174,1351,1825,1851]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">South Australia</collectingRegion>
, OR
<geoCoordinate id="EE773591FF89FF8B4672F8ADFF2D7671" degrees="26, 35" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" precision="555" value="-26.35">
26, 35
<superScript id="7C36FE1EFF89FF8B43B0F8C9FF2D7671" attach="left" box="[185,193,1861,1875]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">o</superScript>
</geoCoordinate>
3’2.0” S
<geoCoordinate id="EE773591FF89FF8B423FF8C9FE147642" box="[310,504,1861,1888]" degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" precision="1" seconds="16.7" value="130.90463">
130
<superScript id="7C36FE1EFF89FF8B426FF8C9FE827671" attach="left" box="[358,366,1861,1875]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">o</superScript>
54’16.7” E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF89FF8B4101F8C9FD697642" box="[520,645,1861,1888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0627199999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="3062.72">
<elevation id="006EB465FF89FF8B4101F8C9FD697642" box="[520,645,1861,1888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0627199999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="3062.72">3062.72 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, ROV,
<collectorName id="26B63680FF89FF8B41D5F8C9FCF8767D" box="[732,788,1861,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Coll.</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED52CB93FF89FF8B4017F8C9FC9C767D" box="[798,880,1861,1887]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
on
<collectionCode id="ED52CB93FF89FF8B40A8F8CAFC2A7642" box="[929,966,1862,1888]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">RV</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF89FF8B40D9F8CAFBAA767D" box="[976,1094,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<collectorName id="26B63680FF89FF8B40D9F8CAFBAA767D" box="[976,1094,1862,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Rem Etive</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<collectorName id="26B63680FF89FF8B475FF8C9FB25767D" box="[1110,1225,1861,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Cruise IN</collectorName>
2017_C01, sample RE2017_C01_OR26A_004_108,
<date id="FFFD7596FF89FF8B411FF8E5FD2076A1" box="[534,716,1897,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" value="2017-03-23">
<collectingDate id="EFB98C7EFF89FF8B411FF8E5FD2076A1" box="[534,716,1897,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" value="2017-03-23">23 March 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B590BFF89FF8B41D3F8E6FB8B7685" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3044031316" collectionCode="SAMA" elevation="3063" location="Great Australian Bight" longitude="130.90463" municipality="Nullarbor Canyon" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" specimenCode="S2591" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF89FF8B41D3F8E6FCAC76A6" box="[730,832,1898,1924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED52CB93FF89FF8B4047F8E5FC7176A1" box="[846,925,1897,1923]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBE5FB2DFF89FF8B40A1F8E5FC1E76A6" box="[936,1010,1897,1924]" collectionCode="SAMA" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="Museum">S2591</specimenCode>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98C92CFF89FF8B4708F8E5FB3E76A1" box="[1025,1234,1897,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Nullarbor Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9C058DFF89FF8B47E9F8E5FF347685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAE240FF89FF87439EF9D8FBF970AB:8E9C058DFF89FF8B47E9F8E5FF347685" longitude="130.90463" municipality="Nullarbor Canyon" name="Great Australian Bight" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" stateProvince="South Australia">Great Australian Bight</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49879DB4FF89FF8B43EFF801FE747685" box="[230,408,1933,1959]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">South Australia</collectingRegion>
, OR
<geoCoordinate id="EE773591FF89FF8B42C7F801FDCD76B9" box="[462,545,1933,1960]" degrees="26, 35" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" precision="555" value="-26.35">
26, 35
<superScript id="7C36FE1EFF89FF8B4110F801FDCD76B9" attach="left" box="[537,545,1933,1947]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">o</superScript>
</geoCoordinate>
3’2.0” S
<geoCoordinate id="EE773591FF89FF8B419AF801FCBF768A" box="[659,851,1933,1960]" degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" precision="1" seconds="16.7" value="130.90463">
130
<superScript id="7C36FE1EFF89FF8B41CAF801FD2776B9" attach="left" box="[707,715,1933,1947]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">o</superScript>
54’16.7” E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF89FF8B4068F801FC31768A" box="[865,989,1933,1960]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0627199999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="3062.72">
<elevation id="006EB465FF89FF8B4068F801FC31768A" box="[865,989,1933,1960]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0627199999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="3062.72">3062.72 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, ROV, Coll
</materialsCitation>
.
<collectionCode id="ED52CB93FF89FF8B477AF801FB297685" box="[1139,1221,1933,1959]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
on
<materialsCitation id="3B2B590BFF89FF8B47FDF802FBEA76E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3044031308" collectingDate="2017-03-23" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="Rem Etive &amp; Cruise IN" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED52CB93FF89FF8B47FDF802FAF4768A" box="[1268,1304,1934,1960]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">RV</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF89FF8B4628F802FA7A7685" box="[1313,1430,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
<collectorName id="26B63680FF89FF8B4628F802FA7A7685" box="[1313,1430,1934,1959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Rem Etive</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<collectorName id="26B63680FF89FF8B439EF83DFEEA76E9" box="[151,262,1969,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Cruise IN</collectorName>
2017_C01, sample RE2017_C01_OR26A_004_111,
<date id="FFFD7596FF89FF8B405EF83DFBEA76E9" box="[855,1030,1969,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" value="2017-03-23">
<collectingDate id="EFB98C7EFF89FF8B405EF83DFBEA76E9" box="[855,1030,1969,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" value="2017-03-23">23 March 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3C03DEFF86FF84439EF81BFD9476DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424985/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" startId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF86FF84439EF81BFD9476DA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF86FF84439EF81BFEF8768D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF86FF844212F814FDE5768D" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[283,521,1944,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyasters" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF86FF844212F814FDE5768D" box="[283,521,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">Abyssocladia oxyasters</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF86FF844119F814FD857692" bold="true" box="[528,617,1944,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204323FFF86FF844119F814FD887692" box="[528,612,1944,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
holotype SAMA S2590. A. Holotype on-deck after collection. B. Upper face of the body and filaments of the holotype. C. Cleistochelae. D. Oxyasters. E. Mycalostyle. F. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in E. G. Basal style. H. Sigmancistras.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3C03DEFF87FF85439EFA04FEA97712" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424987/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" startId="9.[151,250,1416,1440]" targetBox="[183,1404,166,1392]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF87FF85439EFA04FEA97712" blockId="9.[151,1436,1416,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF85439EFA04FEFF7482" bold="true" box="[151,275,1416,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF87FF854210FA04FDEA7482" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,518,1416,1440]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyasters" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF854210FA04FDEA7482" box="[281,518,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Abyssocladia oxyasters</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF854105FA04FD8F7482" bold="true" box="[524,611,1416,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204323FFF87FF854105FA04FDB27482" box="[524,606,1416,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
A. Upper surface of the sponge body showing the cleistochelae on the exterior of the ectosome, and the oxyasters in the underlying endosome above the mycalostyles. B. Copepods commonly occurring in the endosome with the oxyasters. C. Stem of the holotype showing the cleistochelae on the endosome and the underlying mycalostyles. D. Two filaments showing the abundant sigmancistras and cleistochelae in the ectosome and the underlying mycalostyles in the endosome.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35900DDFF87FF8543CEF9D1FDC177B9" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF87FF8543CEF9D1FDC177B9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1629,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF8543CEF9D1FEA47755" bold="true" box="[199,328,1629,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Etymology</emphasis>
: The species is named after the unique characteristic of possessing oxyasters in the endosome of the body (used as a noun in apposition).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35900DDFF87FF8543CEF92EFEAD77FD" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF87FF8543CEF92EFEAD77FD" blockId="9.[151,1436,1629,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF8543CEF92EFEB5779E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1698,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Distribution</emphasis>
: This species is presently known only from
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF87FF854061F92FFC74779F" box="[872,920,1699,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Great Australian Bight, from bathyal depths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35900DDFF87FF8643CEF96BFDBC753B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF87FF8543CEF96BFAC0768D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1629,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF8543CEF96BFEBD7623" bold="true" box="[199,337,1767,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Description</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF854256F964FE037620" box="[351,495,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Growth form</emphasis>
: Erect pedunculate sponge with a long thin stem. The body is a plano-convex disc on the upward surface parallel to the substrate, and conical lower surface (
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF87FF8540A6F886FBC77607" box="[943,1067,1802,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., holotype SAMA S2590. A. Holotype on-deck after collection. B. Upper face of the body and filaments of the holotype. C. Cleistochelae. D. Oxyasters. E. Mycalostyle. F. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in E. G. Basal style. H. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Figure 4 A</figureCitation>
). This disc is encircled by radiating filaments (
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF87FF854231F8A1FE5F766A" box="[312,435,1837,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., holotype SAMA S2590. A. Holotype on-deck after collection. B. Upper face of the body and filaments of the holotype. C. Cleistochelae. D. Oxyasters. E. Mycalostyle. F. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in E. G. Basal style. H. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Figure 4 B</figureCitation>
). The stem is
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF854147F8A1FD47766A" box="[590,683,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
in length and only
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF854088F8A1FC3B766A" box="[897,983,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
in width in the
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF87FF85478CF8A1FB067665" box="[1157,1258,1837,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF85462DF8A1FA6C766A" box="[1316,1408,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 mm</quantity>
in length and also
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF854241F8DCFE727648" box="[328,414,1872,1898]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
in width in the
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF87FF854146F8DCFD5F7648" box="[591,691,1872,1898]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. In both specimens the sponge body has a diameter of
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF85461EF8DCFA847648" box="[1303,1384,1872,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, and the lower half of the body is a downwards pointing cone of a height of
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF8540ADF8FEFC1176AF" box="[932,1021,1906,1933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
. The filaments on the
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF87FF8547F9F8FEFABE76AE" box="[1264,1362,1906,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF854689F8FEFF2F7692" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
long but only
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF85426FF819FE507692" box="[358,444,1941,1968]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
long on the
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF87FF854141F81AFD407692" box="[584,684,1942,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. The basal holdfast is an enlarged disc
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF87FF854769F819FB4D7692" box="[1120,1185,1941,1968]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF87FF8543CEF834FCCE76D4" blockId="9.[151,1436,1629,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF87FF8543CEF834FEFA76F0" box="[199,278,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Colour</emphasis>
: When collected alive the sponge body is orange with a yellowish stem and colourless filaments. After preservation in ethanol the sponge is a light brown colour.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8643CEFF1BFAA571DB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643CEFF1BFE4C7193" box="[199,416,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The ectosomal skeleton of the sponge body is a thin membranous sheet covered with cleistochelae (
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF84FF86420AFF37FE6C71F7" box="[259,384,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., A. Upper surface of the sponge body showing the cleistochelae on the exterior of the ectosome, and the oxyasters in the underlying endosome above the mycalostyles. B. Copepods commonly occurring in the endosome with the oxyasters. C. Stem of the holotype showing the cleistochelae on the endosome and the underlying mycalostyles. D. Two filaments showing the abundant sigmancistras and cleistochelae in the ectosome and the underlying mycalostyles in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Figure 5 A</figureCitation>
). The ectosomal skeletons of the filaments also include cleistochelae and abundant sigmancistras (
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF84FF8643C7FF53FEA071DB" box="[206,332,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., A. Upper surface of the sponge body showing the cleistochelae on the exterior of the ectosome, and the oxyasters in the underlying endosome above the mycalostyles. B. Copepods commonly occurring in the endosome with the oxyasters. C. Stem of the holotype showing the cleistochelae on the endosome and the underlying mycalostyles. D. Two filaments showing the abundant sigmancistras and cleistochelae in the ectosome and the underlying mycalostyles in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Figure 5 D</figureCitation>
), whilst the ectosome of the stem only shows the remains of the cleistochelae (
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF84FF8647B6FF53FAD071DB" box="[1215,1340,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., A. Upper surface of the sponge body showing the cleistochelae on the exterior of the ectosome, and the oxyasters in the underlying endosome above the mycalostyles. B. Copepods commonly occurring in the endosome with the oxyasters. C. Stem of the holotype showing the cleistochelae on the endosome and the underlying mycalostyles. D. Two filaments showing the abundant sigmancistras and cleistochelae in the ectosome and the underlying mycalostyles in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Figure 5 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8643CEFE8FFADC70AB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643CEFE8FFE47703F" box="[199,427,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Endosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The endosomal skeleton of the sponge body consists mainly of oxyasters that encrust spermatocyst spheres
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF864284FEABFDF77063" box="[397,539,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="450.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="300.0">300–600 µm</quantity>
in diameter. In the stem and filaments the endosomal skeleton consists of longitudinal bundles of mycalostyles 1, with occasional oxyasters in the subectosome. The basal holdfasts contain oxeote anisostyles 2 which are smaller, thicker with greater curvature than megascleres in the rest of the sponge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8643CEFE1FFE71733B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643CEFE1FFEBF708F" box="[199,339,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Megascleres</emphasis>
: Very long slender mycalostyles with long tapering points and bases, thickest in the basal third of the spicule, found in the axis of filaments and stem, size range 1380–3810 x
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF864708FE3AFB9470F3" box="[1025,1144,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="15.0">15–54 µm</quantity>
. Styles found in the basal holdfast are oxeote, asymmetrical, curved, with the basal end more abruptly tapering than the apical end, size range 392–1560 x
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF86422AFE72FE75733B" box="[291,409,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="20.0">20–50 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8643CEFDAFFC6B738B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643CEFDAFFEBB731F" box="[199,343,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Microscleres</emphasis>
: Cleistochelae, palmate with three alae. The frontal alae nearly completely detached from the lateral alae, the latter completely fused to the shaft. The shaft is slightly curved. Size range 62–123 x
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF864628FDCBFA747343" box="[1313,1432,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="17.0">17–37 µm</quantity>
. Sigmancistras with slight contortion, size range 21.5–40 x
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF864020FDE7FC6E73A7" box="[809,898,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 µm</quantity>
. Oxyasters with only slight central swelling and short slender rays, size range
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF8642EBFD03FD8F738B" box="[482,611,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMin="0.74" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="136.0" valueMin="74.0">74–136 µm</quantity>
in diameter (see
<tableCitation id="C6C166EDFF84FF86402DFD03FC95738B" box="[804,889,655,681]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,239,728,752]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of spicules (presented as minimum-(mean)-maximum of lengths and widths in µm) for specimens of Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3C03DEFF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" tableUuid="DF3C03DEFF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3C03DEFF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237" ID-Table-UUID="DF3C03DEFF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3C03DEFF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" targetBox="[166,1422,805,977]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF86439EFD54FDA57237" blockId="10.[151,1437,728,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86439EFD54FEE673D2" bold="true" box="[151,266,728,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Measurements of spicules (presented as minimum-(mean)-maximum of lengths and widths in µm) for specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8643FAFD70FE017236" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[243,493,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyasters" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643FAFD70FE017236" box="[243,493,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Abyssocladia oxyasters</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204323FFF84FF8642FAFD71FDA57237" box="[499,585,765,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF86424DFCA9FAE772ED" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<table id="F943A1F6FF84007343AFFCA9FA6272F3" box="[166,1422,805,977]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<tr id="35735114FF84007343AFFCA9FA627219" box="[166,1422,805,827]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76A23868FF840073424DFCA9FDFF7219" box="[324,531,805,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Cleistochelae</th>
<th id="76A23868FF840073413BFCA9FCED7219" box="[562,769,805,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Mycalostyles</th>
<th id="76A23868FF8400734017FCA9FC027219" box="[798,1006,805,827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Basal styles</th>
<th id="76A23868FF8400734707FCA9FB577219" box="[1038,1211,805,827]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Sigmancistras</th>
<th id="76A23868FF84007347D5FCA9FA627219" box="[1244,1422,805,827]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Oxyasters</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35735114FF84007343AFFCC7FA627240" box="[166,1422,843,866]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<th id="76A23868FF84007343AFFCC7FECA7240" box="[166,294,843,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">SAMA S2590</th>
<td id="76A23868FF840073424DFCC7FDFF7240" box="[324,531,843,866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">66.6-(84.9)-118.0 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF840073413BFCC7FCED7240" box="[562,769,843,866]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">1770-(3101)-3810 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734017FCC7FC027240" box="[798,1006,843,866]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">392-(765)-1560 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734707FCC7FB577240" box="[1038,1211,843,866]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">21.5-(30.9)-39.8 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF84007347D5FCC7FA627240" box="[1244,1422,843,866]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">73.8-(102.9)-136.0,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35735114FF84007343AFFCE3FA6272A4" box="[166,1422,879,902]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<th id="76A23868FF84007343AFFCE3FECA72A4" box="[166,294,879,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Holotype</th>
<td id="76A23868FF840073424DFCE3FDFF72A4" box="[324,531,879,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">17.4-(25.3)-36.7, n=70</td>
<td id="76A23868FF840073413BFCE3FCED72A4" box="[562,769,879,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">14.8-(28.1)-54.2, n=53</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734017FCE3FC0272A4" box="[798,1006,879,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">20.3-(35.5)-49.6, n=89</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734707FCE3FB5772A4" box="[1038,1211,879,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">1.8-(3.0)-6.6, n=72</td>
<td id="76A23868FF84007347D5FCE3FA6272A4" box="[1244,1422,879,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">n=88</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35735114FF84007343AFFC19FA62728F" box="[166,1422,917,941]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<th id="76A23868FF84007343AFFC19FECA728F" box="[166,294,917,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">SAMA S2591</th>
<td id="76A23868FF840073424DFC19FDFF728F" box="[324,531,917,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">62.3-(85.3)-123 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF840073413BFC19FCED728F" box="[562,769,917,941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">1380-(2611)-3400 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734017FC19FC02728F" box="[798,1006,917,941]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">413-(621)-1040 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734707FC19FB57728F" box="[1038,1211,917,941]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">29.1-(32.5)-38.9 x</td>
<td id="76A23868FF84007347D5FC19FA62728F" box="[1244,1422,917,941]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">80.7-(106.8)-132.0,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35735114FF84007343AFFC35FA6272F3" box="[166,1422,953,977]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<th id="76A23868FF84007343AFFC35FECA72F3" box="[166,294,953,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Paratype</th>
<td id="76A23868FF840073424DFC35FDFF72F3" box="[324,531,953,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">9.6-(24.1)-31.9, n=48</td>
<td id="76A23868FF840073413BFC35FCED72F3" box="[562,769,953,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">16.8-(30.0)-42.4, n=58</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734017FC35FC0272F3" box="[798,1006,953,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">21.0-(36.5)-47.1, n=54</td>
<td id="76A23868FF8400734707FC35FB5772F3" box="[1038,1211,953,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">2.0-(3.2)-5.5, n=40</td>
<td id="76A23868FF84007347D5FC35FA6272F3" box="[1244,1422,953,977]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">n=71</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8643CEFC73FDBC753B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1023,2008]" box="[199,592,1023,1050]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643CEFC73FE6B753B" bold="true" box="[199,391,1023,1049]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Molecular data:</emphasis>
28S see
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF84FF8642E2FC73FDA6753B" box="[491,586,1023,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[270,1319,188,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[257,1330,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. 28S C-region maximum-likelihood phylogram. Numbers on branches are bootstrap probabilities&gt; 50. Numbers following taxon names are QM collection numbers or Genbank accession numbers in case of previously published taxa. The scale bar depicts substitutions per site. The icons indicate gross morphological types. The chelae on the right column indicate the major chelae types for the generic groupings. The coloured bars indicate those genera previously included within Cladorhiza, separated by morphological differences and oceans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424979/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35900DDFF84FF8743CEFBAFFBF970AB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8643CEFBAFFF1C758B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1023,2008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643CEFBAFFED8751F" bold="true" box="[199,308,1059,1085]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Remarks</emphasis>
: The only other described pedunculate species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF86406CFBAFFC16751F" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[869,1018,1059,1085]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86406CFBAFFC16751F" box="[869,1018,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a long thin stem are:
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF86462CFBA8FDAE7543" authority="Hestetun, Rapp &amp; Xavier, 2017" authorityName="Hestetun, Rapp &amp; Xavier" authorityYear="2017" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hemiradiata">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86462CFBA8FF3D7543" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. hemiradiata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF8643D0FBC4FDAE7543" author="Hestetun, J. T. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Xavier, J." box="[217,578,1095,1122]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="166 - 189" refId="ref14189" refString="Hestetun, J. T., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Xavier, J. (2017) Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge seamounts. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 137, 166 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlw 022" type="journal article" year="2017">Hestetun, Rapp &amp; Xavier, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF864147FBC4FC5D7543" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" box="[590,945,1095,1122]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="huitzilopochtli">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF864147FBC4FCFC7543" box="[590,784,1095,1122]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. huitzilopochtli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF86401EFBCBFC5D7543" author="Vacelet, J." box="[791,945,1095,1121]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="553 - 584" refId="ref16742" refString="Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 148, 553 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Vacelet, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8640E0FBC4FACA7543" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" box="[1001,1318,1095,1122]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominalba">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8640E0FBC4FB6D7543" box="[1001,1153,1095,1122]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. dominalba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF864780FBCBFACA7543" author="Vacelet, J." box="[1161,1318,1095,1121]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="553 - 584" refId="ref16742" refString="Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 148, 553 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Vacelet, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. There are also the tiny pedunculate species
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF864103FBE0FD1E75A7" authority="Levi, 1964" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[522,754,1131,1158]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bruuni">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF864103FBE0FD9F75A7" box="[522,627,1131,1158]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. bruuni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF864170FBE7FD1E75A7" author="Levi, C." box="[633,754,1131,1157]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref15056" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 7, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF86402EFBE0FBC075A7" authority="Koltun, 1970" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[807,1068,1131,1158]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxeata">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86402EFBE0FC7C75A7" box="[807,912,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. oxeata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF86409FFBE7FBC075A7" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[918,1068,1131,1157]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" refId="ref14605" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R. Vol. 86. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book" year="1970">Koltun, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which all differ from the current species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8643CEFB3FFF0C7783" blockId="10.[151,1437,1023,2008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
The cleistochelae of
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8642BDFB3FFD5075EF" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[436,700,1203,1229]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyasters" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8642BDFB3FFD5075EF" box="[436,700,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Abyssocladia oxyasters</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8641CCFB3FFCCC75EF" bold="true" box="[709,800,1203,1229]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204323FFF84FF8641CCFB3FFCCC75EF" box="[709,800,1203,1229]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
closely resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF86475BFB38FB1075EF" authorityName="Hestetun, Rapp &amp; Xavier" authorityYear="2017" box="[1106,1276,1203,1230]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hemiradiata">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86475BFB38FB1075EF" box="[1106,1276,1203,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. hemiradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the new species has a very different gross morphology (pedunculate versus stipitate bottle-brush in shape), much larger cleistochelae (62–123 vs.
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF8642B1FB77FDC67434" box="[440,554,1275,1302]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="20.0">20–57 µm</quantity>
respectively), and lacks the tylostyles and the large sigmas of the latter species. The cleistochelae in the new species also bear some resemblance to another pedunculate species,
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8647D1FAACFEF8747F" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominalba">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8647D1FAACFA83741B" box="[1240,1391,1311,1338]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. dominalba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF86467CFAACFEF8747F" author="Vacelet, J." pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="553 - 584" refId="ref16742" refString="Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 148, 553 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Vacelet, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but the new species lacks abyssochelae and the novel anisochelae, and again has a different morphology. The new species differs from
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8642D6FAE4FE1B74A0" box="[479,503,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8642F4FAEBFD2574A3" authority="Levi, 1964" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[509,713,1383,1409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bruuni">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8642F4FAEBFDA474A3" box="[509,584,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">bruuni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF864144FAEBFD2574A3" author="Levi, C." box="[589,713,1383,1409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref15056" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 7, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as it has a different
<typeStatus id="54F8EDF4FF84FF8640A0FAE4FC3574A0" box="[937,985,1384,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">type</typeStatus>
and size of cleistochelae, lacks the polytylote styles and has a different morphology (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF8641FEFA07FC647487" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[759,904,1419,1445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" refId="ref14605" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R. Vol. 86. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book" year="1970">Koltun 1970</bibRefCitation>
). The new species differs from the pedunculate
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF86439EFA3CFE7674EB" authority="Koltun, 1970" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,410,1455,1482]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxeata">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86439EFA3CFEED74EB" box="[151,257,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. oxeata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF86420FFA23FE7674EB" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[262,410,1455,1481]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" refId="ref14605" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R. Vol. 86. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book" year="1970">
Koltun,
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF86426BFA23FE7674EB" box="[354,410,1455,1481]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0038" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="in" value="1970.0">1970</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking oxeas, the different shape of the cleistochelae and different morphology. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8643DCFA58FDE374CF" authority="Koltun, 1970" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[213,527,1491,1518]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="claviformis">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8643DCFA58FE9F74CF" box="[213,371,1491,1518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. claviformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF864272FA5FFDE374CF" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[379,527,1491,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" refId="ref14605" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R. Vol. 86. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book" year="1970">Koltun, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by the lack of tylostyles and different gross morphology.
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF864794FA5FFE797733" authority="Vacelet &amp; Kelly, 2014" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lakwollii">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF864794FA5FFA7074CF" box="[1181,1436,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Abyssocladia lakwollii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF86439EFA7BFE797733" author="Vacelet, J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[151,405,1527,1553]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="386 - 96" refId="ref16975" refString="Vacelet, J. &amp; Kelly, M. (2014) A new species of Abyssocladia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) and other carnivorous sponges from the far eastern Solomon Islands. Zootaxa, 3815 (3), 386 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3815.3.4" type="journal article" year="2014">Vacelet &amp; Kelly, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is another pedunculate sponge with similar shaped cleistochelae, but it also has additional isochelae and cleistochelae. The Caribbean species
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8641DFF990FAE57717" authority="Hestetun, Pomponi &amp; Rapp, 2016" authorityName="Hestetun, Pomponi &amp; Rapp" authorityYear="2016" box="[726,1289,1563,1590]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycephalus">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8641DFF990FC657717" box="[726,905,1563,1590]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">A. polycephalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF864086F990FAE57717" author="Hestetun, J. T. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Rapp, H. T." box="[911,1289,1563,1590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="521 - 538" refId="ref14128" refString="Hestetun, J. T., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2016) The cladorhizid fauna (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) of the Caribbean and adjacent waters. Zootaxa, 4175 (6), 521 - 538. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.6.2" type="journal article" year="2016">Hestetun, Pomponi &amp; Rapp, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has a similar assortment of cleistochelae, sigmancistras and mycalostyles, but they are all of a different size, and the Caribbean species also has strongyles and a distinctive multi-headed morphology (see
<tableCitation id="C6C166EDFF84FF8640E1F9EFFBD7775F" box="[1000,1083,1635,1661]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of spicules (presented as minimum-(mean)-maximum of lengths and widths in µm) for speci-" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3C03DEFF89FF8B439EFF1BFA71718D" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" tableUuid="DF3C03DEFF89FF8B439EFF1BFA71718D">
Table
<quantity id="4CBBFEB3FF84FF864724F9EFFBD7775F" box="[1069,1083,1635,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</tableCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF864756F9EFFF387783" author="Ekins, M. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref13406" refString="Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2020) Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa, 4774 (1), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC5356FF84FF8743CEF927FBF970AB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1023,2008]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">
Other authors have previously described large single spheres or growths on the underside of other pedunculated
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8643DCF943FE9E77CB" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[213,370,1743,1769]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
or on their filaments, that were determined as being reproductive bodies such as spermatocysts or oocytes, e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF864244F97FFCD6762F" authority="Lundsten et al., 2017" authorityName="Lundsten" authorityYear="2017" box="[333,826,1779,1806]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kensmithi">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF864244F97FFDD3762F" box="[333,575,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Cladorhiza kensmithi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF864141F97FFCD6762F" author="Lundsten, L. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Austin, W. C." box="[584,826,1779,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="247 - 260" refId="ref15336" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Austin, W. C. (2017) Three new species of Cladorhiza (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa, 4317 (2), 247 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4317.2.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Lundsten
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8641B1F978FD07762F" box="[696,747,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">et al</emphasis>
., 2017
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF86407DF978FB1D762F" authority="(Reiswig &amp; Lee, 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Reiswig &amp; Lee" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[884,1265,1779,1806]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Nullarbora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pteron">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86407DF978FC32762F" box="[884,990,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">C. pteron</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF8640E7F97FFB05762F" author="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Lee, W. L." box="[1006,1257,1779,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="517 - 523" refId="ref15976" refString="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Lee, W. L. (2007) A new species of Cladorhiza (Porifera: Cladorhizidae) from S. California (USA). In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. &amp; Muricy, G. (Eds.), Porifera Research. Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Livros de Museu Nacional 28. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 517 - 523." type="book chapter" year="2007">Reiswig &amp; Lee, 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In some cases microsclere spicule categories were also found to only occur in reproductively mature specimens, associated with these reproductive bodies (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF8642FBF8B7FBB67677" authority="Vacelet &amp; Boury-Esnault, 1996" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1996" box="[498,1114,1851,1877]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hypogea">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF8642FBF8B7FD187677" box="[498,756,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Asbestopluma hypogea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF8641F3F8B7FBB67677" author="Vacelet, J. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N." box="[762,1114,1851,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="109 - 115" refId="ref16795" refString="Vacelet, J. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (1996) A new species of carnivorous sponge (Demospongiae: Cladorhizidae) from a Mediterranean cave. In: Willenz, Ph. (Ed.), Recent Advances in Sponge Biodiversity Inventory and Documentation. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 66 (Supplement), pp. 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1996">Vacelet &amp; Boury-Esnault, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, lacking forceps in immature specimens). The abundant spherical bodies observed in both specimens of the new species described here (see
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF84FF864666F8D3FF4976B4" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1635,1659]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,417,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-140@11.[179,1408,417,1612]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., holotype SAMA S2590. A. Magnified view of the holotype showing the oxyaster encrusted embryos, spermatocysts or oocytes spheres (arrows) and the arrangement of the mycalostyles. B. Spheres in the endosome surrounded by oxyasters. C. Two magnified spheres (brown colour) encrusted by oxyasters (white colour). D. A dissected sphere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424989/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B–D), are unusual in their size (300–600 μm diameter), compared to those spermatocysts or oocytes described from other species in the literature (between 25–100 μm diameter) and are closer in size to the embryos of
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF84FF86465BF816FD5F76FA" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="formosa" subGenus="Helophloeina">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF84FF86465BF816FDE276FA" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="250">Asbestopluma (Helophloeina) formosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF84FF86411EF832FD5F76FA" author="Vacelet, J." box="[535,691,1982,2008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="250" pagination="553 - 584" refId="ref16742" refString="Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 148, 553 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Vacelet, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. All were observed to be densely encrusted with oxyasters. It is hypothesised that these spheres are reproductive bodies (embryos, spermatocysts or oocytes), with the oxyasters (otherwise unique to the
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF85FF8742A4FF37FDA371F4" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[429,591,187,214]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
), associated with them—although we have no immature specimens to compare them with. It is also possible that the oxyasters were sequested from other sponges from the Great Australian Bight with oxyasters such as
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF85FF8742D3FE8FFCB1703F" authority="(Sorokin et al., 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Sorokin" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[474,861,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="irisae">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF85FF8742D3FE8FFD86703E" box="[474,618,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="251">Tethya irisae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD22EA7FF85FF87417EFE8FFCBA703F" author="Sorokin, S. J. &amp; Ekins, M. G. &amp; Yang, Q. &amp; Cardenas, P." box="[631,854,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref16309" refString="Sorokin, S. J., Ekins, M. G., Yang, Q. &amp; Cardenas, P. (2019) A new deep-water Tethya (Porifera, Tethyida, Tethyidae) from the Great Australian Bight and an updated Tethyida phylogeny. European Journal of Taxonomy, 529, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2019.529" type="journal article" year="2019">
Sorokin
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF85FF8741DEFE8FFCE3703F" box="[727,783,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="251">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Alternatively, it is also possible these oxyasters are derived from an internally parasitic tetractinellid sponge, despite their huge abundance in both known specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4328D5FF85FF8743BEFEC7FEAE7046" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Goudie &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[183,322,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyasters" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF85FF8743BEFEC7FEAE7046" box="[183,322,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="251">A. oxyasters</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9378F44FF85FF874242FEC7FE4A7047" bold="true" box="[331,422,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204323FFF85FF874242FEC7FE4A7047" box="[331,422,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Copepods were abundantly found in the endosome of all of the specimens (
<figureCitation id="13784FD3FF85FF874606FEC7FA627047" box="[1295,1422,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[183,1404,166,1392]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov., A. Upper surface of the sponge body showing the cleistochelae on the exterior of the ectosome, and the oxyasters in the underlying endosome above the mycalostyles. B. Copepods commonly occurring in the endosome with the oxyasters. C. Stem of the holotype showing the cleistochelae on the endosome and the underlying mycalostyles. D. Two filaments showing the abundant sigmancistras and cleistochelae in the ectosome and the underlying mycalostyles in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="251">Figure 5 B</figureCitation>
). Perhaps these copepods could be the vectors or hosts of the parasitising sponge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink