545 lines
96 KiB
XML
545 lines
96 KiB
XML
<document id="041CD1AB23DACB452B5DE1F73986B8C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="26265" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d76ea5b-ee7f-4361-8f18-595631a770e6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3274050" ID-ZooBank="0DB18F90-AAFD-4FB7-B1ED-09A86A707C9F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1562653840885" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Sites, Robert W." docDate="2019" docId="03E58815E93EFFB2FF61F3ABFD485EB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4629.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4629 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limnocoris Stal" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="455" masterDocId="FFDCF06DE93CFFB6FFF6F34AFFB45F60" masterDocTitle="Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="497" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="453" updateTime="1698738605784" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="33A23C5BDC912D915CE9B2FF21374A46" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DD62600FCD5ECD9AA3084DCBAC6230A6">
|
||
<mods:title id="052C9716F612A64C12D4BE1FA588C153">Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="9AB3D14CFA06420533225D4CA15AECBA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5C1BC0841EA251C3A34B174D084FC382">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4BFA418907ED4B8406ED4D8C64B4194F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7B07424DCACD9FABCB32F76BE361BD87">Rodrigues, Higor D. D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8A998D73D093E8D5227C97B15345417A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="164C136312D5C3B3B04C925E6F65F1C4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E466419D69A04ED2E4BCAA88660FDEEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="55DFB9090190AC78F3F1F43A5F528F7A">Sites, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="100F3C4F925842EFAB4E528C3BFB3BEF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="437FFFA799BAE1E12357AE60E5AD43A6" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="44529B8FB20C65AE72846E714FD0DF50">
|
||
<mods:title id="623AC45816BDEBD712795DB4B873F47F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0F0B907F8C7C2DE79E671930CF5653B0">
|
||
<mods:date id="6C4088432DEF226CEE8352C528BA989A">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4915F0EE112995FF59D7B296C8B15AC6" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="740EC6B4553C085B14DFE503A3045AAB">2019-07-09</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="03FDA037EAA1BBFF38B96F61A2EFDDDB" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="E5F046FC544F90F3FBCF39F62D487AF4">4629</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8E8F2866B2BBF58D0A4459D016CD2C68" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="26D3E312A523F265B99C897BB7B09F50">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="ED2D1C95F0C918CD0851EBC81CA859D3" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="CD6A7BFB6916E576F75A2804550782E6">451</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="63041D9846BEFB23D0D3AB7284AECB57">497</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B2A714F4F761738E5C44DFD8AFDE3680">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E90F99ED724466DAD65073642E374708" type="CLB-Dataset">26265</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="56924E604A11B43ABEA2625D51656285" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AFF3A1E606CD08B0347D4F4413571500" type="GBIF-Dataset">4d76ea5b-ee7f-4361-8f18-595631a770e6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5660B97CCE691B01A749DA658EF53B94" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="09A569230594164415E515FD9DAC03B2" type="Zenodo-Dep">3274050</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F0F6BDD35DC336ABF4B5E87933551ACB" type="ZooBank">0DB18F90-AAFD-4FB7-B1ED-09A86A707C9F</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E58815E93EFFB2FF61F3ABFD485EB3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158578257" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E58815E93EFFB2FF61F3ABFD485EB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E93EFFB2FF61F3ABFD485EB3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566A88E93EFFB4FF61F3ABFE055F9B" box="[151,433,224,251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF61F3ABFE055F9B" blockId="2.[151,433,224,251]" box="[151,433,224,251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<heading id="D0BB8E6FE93EFFB4FF61F3ABFE055F9B" bold="true" box="[151,433,224,251]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F3ABFE055F9B" bold="true" box="[151,433,224,251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF18F3ABFE055F9B" ID-CoL="62YJP" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[238,433,224,251]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF18F3ABFECD5F9B" bold="true" box="[238,377,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
Stål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566A88E93EFFB4FF61F26CFBA15EFA" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF61F26CFE115E5E" blockId="2.[151,1045,293,441]" box="[151,421,293,318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C1E2DE93EFFB4FF61F26CFE115E5E" box="[151,421,293,318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F26CFE155E5E" ID-CoL="62YJP" authority="Stal, 1860: 83" authorityName="Stal" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,417,293,318]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F26CFEBE5E5D" box="[151,266,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AED1F12E93EFFB4FEE7F26FFE155E5E" author="Stal, C." box="[273,417,293,318]" page="83" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1860">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FEE7F26FFE155E5E" author="Stal, C." box="[273,417,293,318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref34407" refString="Stal, C. (1860) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Trakens Hemipter-Fauna. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 2 (7), 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1860">Stål, 1860: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF61F20EFCD85E3C" blockId="2.[151,1045,293,441]" box="[151,876,324,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C1E2DE93EFFB4FF61F20EFCD85E3C" box="[151,876,324,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F20EFE0B5E3C" ID-CoL="3BHS" authority="Stal, 1861: 202" authorityName="Stal" authorityPageNumber="202" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,447,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Borborocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F20EFEAB5E3C" box="[151,287,324,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Borborocoris</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AED1F12E93EFFB4FED3F20EFE0B5E3C" author="Stal, C." box="[293,447,324,349]" page="202" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1861">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FED3F20EFE0B5E3C" author="Stal, C." box="[293,447,324,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="195 - 212" refId="ref34434" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Nova methodus familias quasdam Hemipterorum disponendi. Ofversigt af Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Forhandlingar, 18, 195 - 212." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål, 1861: 202</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD8DF20EFCD45E3C" author="Montandon, A. L." box="[635,864,324,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref33178" refString="Montandon, A. L. (1897) Hemiptera Cryptocerata. Revision de le S. Fam. ' Limnocorinae'. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia et Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 12 (297), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4564" type="journal article" year="1897">Montandon 1897: 2–3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF61F22EFC1A5E1B" blockId="2.[151,1045,293,441]" box="[151,942,354,379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C1E2DE93EFFB4FF61F22EFC1A5E1B" box="[151,942,354,379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F22EFE515E1B" ID-CoL="85FH" authority="La Rivers, 1950: 368" authorityName="La Rivers" authorityPageNumber="368" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,485,354,379]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Usingerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F22EFEBD5E1B" box="[151,265,356,379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Usingerina</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AED1F12E93EFFB4FEE6F229FE515E1B" author="La Rivers, I." box="[272,485,354,379]" page="368" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1950">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FEE6F229FE515E1B" author="La Rivers, I." box="[272,485,354,379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="368 - 373" refId="ref32745" refString="La Rivers, I. (1950) A new naucorid genus and species from Nevada. (Hemiptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 43, 368 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 43.3.368" type="journal article" year="1950">La Rivers, 1950: 368</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AED1F12E93EFFB4FD57F228FC175E1B" author="Sites, R. W. & Willig, M. R." box="[673,931,354,379]" page="810" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD57F228FC175E1B" author="Sites, R. W. & Willig, M. R." box="[673,931,354,379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="803 - 814" refId="ref34222" refString="Sites, R. W. & Willig, M. R. (1994) Efficacy of mensural characters in discriminating among species of Naucoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera): Multivariate approaches and ontogenetic perspectives. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 803 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 87.6.803" type="journal article" year="1994">Sites & Willig 1994: 810</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF61F2C8FBA15EFA" blockId="2.[151,1045,293,441]" box="[151,1045,385,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C1E2DE93EFFB4FF61F2C8FBA15EFA" box="[151,1045,385,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F2C8FDB95EFA" ID-CoL="7CQR" authority="De Carlo, 1966: 111 - 112" authorityName="De Carlo" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,525,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Sattleriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F2C8FEBC5EFA" box="[151,264,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Sattleriella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FEF8F2C8FDB95EFA" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[270,525,385,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="111 - 117" refId="ref32600" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1966) Un nuevo genero y nuevas especies de las subfamilias Limnocorinae y Ambrysinae (Hemiptera, Naucoridae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 28, 111 - 117." type="journal article" year="1966">De Carlo, 1966: 111–112</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AED1F12E93EFFB4FD3FF2CBFBBD5EFA" author="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M." box="[713,1033,385,410]" page="265" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD3FF2CBFBBD5EFA" author="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M." box="[713,1033,385,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="261 - 328" refId="ref33464" refString="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091" type="journal article" year="2001">Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 265</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566A88E93EFFB4FF61F2EBFD415ED9" box="[151,757,416,441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF61F2EBFD415ED9" blockId="2.[151,1045,293,441]" box="[151,757,416,441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F787A1E93EFFB4FF61F2EBFF7D5ED9" box="[151,201,417,441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FED0F2EBFDEA5ED9" authority="Stal, 1860" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[294,606,416,441]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FED0F2EBFE5B5ED8" box="[294,495,417,440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris insignis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FE03F2EAFDEA5ED9" author="Stal, C." box="[501,606,416,441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref34407" refString="Stal, C. (1860) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Trakens Hemipter-Fauna. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 2 (7), 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1860">Stål, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566A88E93EFFB4FF61F2ACFB0A5D0E" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF61F2ACFB0A5D0E" blockId="2.[151,1437,486,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F2ACFEA65D61" bold="true" box="[151,274,486,513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The general body shape is rounded to oval, with well-developed meso- and metasternal carinae on the midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93EFFB4FF0BF141FEFF5D45" box="[253,331,523,549]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1461,1486]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,221,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,211,1426]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–B) Lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (A) L. pygmaeus, white arrow indicates anterior projection, black arrow indicates excavation posterior to fossa, (B) L. zacki n. sp., black arrow indicates median projection of mesosternal carina. (C–D) Ventral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (C) L. inornatus, white arrow indicates row of longitudinal golden setae between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum, (D) L. zacki n. sp., white arrow indicates fossa partially open anteriorly, dotted lines indicate anterior and posterior limits of fossa. (E–F) Ventral view of abdominal segments III–V, (E) L. virescens, black arrows indicate posterolateral corners, (F) L. panamensis. (G–H) Ventral view of female abdominal segments IV–IX, (G) L. moapensis, sgp = subgenital plate, (H) L. major n. sp., white arrows indicate elongate golden setae, gs= posterolateral elongate golden setae on lateral margin of subgenital plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274057/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). The anterior margin of the pronotum is almost straight between the eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93EFFB4FB2BF141FA8C5D45" box="[1245,1336,523,549]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1793,1818]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1437,181,1773]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp. (A) Dorsal habitus and (B) ventral habitus of female holotype, hindwing brachypterous (UMC), (C) dorsal habitus of male paratype, hindwing macropterous (UMC) (D) ventral view of head and part of thorax, white arrow indicates elongate hairs on the mesosternal carina, (E) terminal abdominal sterna of female, and (F) lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. A–C. cls = claval suture, cor = corium, emb = embolium, lbr = labrum, mbr = hemelytral membrane, mbs = mesobasisternum, mpl = maxillary plate, mps = mesoepisternum, mtc = metasternal carina, mtp = metapleuron, pbs = probasisternum, plc = posterolateral corner of pronotum, prp = propleuron, pst = prosternellum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274059/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A male accessory genitalic process of tergum VI is usually present (but never as developed as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FB7DF165FB4D5D29" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[1163,1273,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Ambrysus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FB7DF165FB4D5D29" box="[1163,1273,559,585]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Ambrysus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the male medial lobes of tergum VIII (pseudoparameres) are small, narrow, and asymmetrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93EFFB4FBAEF119FB055D0E" box="[1112,1201,595,622]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,605,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,597,1884]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp., (C–D) L. hintoni, and (E–F) L. inornatus. agp = accessory genitalic process, ll = lateral lobe, lml = left medial lobe, ltr = lateral lobe of tergum VI (delimited by dotted line), ml = medial lobe, rml = right medial lobe, snt = small notch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274067/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566A88E93EFFB5FF31F13CFC045D5F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF31F13CFAD45C99" blockId="2.[151,1437,486,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF31F13CFEF85DF1" bold="true" box="[199,332,630,657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FEA2F132FE605DF1" box="[340,468,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FEA2F132FE605DF1" box="[340,468,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD40F13CFC805DF2" author="Stal, C." box="[694,820,630,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref34407" refString="Stal, C. (1860) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Trakens Hemipter-Fauna. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 2 (7), 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1860">Stål (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to include a single species collected at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4988F7E1E93EFFB4FB04F13DFA2C5DF1" box="[1266,1432,631,657]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FEDAF1D1FEC75DD5" box="[300,371,667,693]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, named by him as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FDBAF1D6FD775DD5" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[588,707,668,693]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FDBAF1D6FD775DD5" box="[588,707,668,693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">L. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FC81F1D0FC425DD6" author="Stal, C." box="[887,1014,666,694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="195 - 212" refId="ref34434" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Nova methodus familias quasdam Hemipterorum disponendi. Ofversigt af Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Forhandlingar, 18, 195 - 212." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FB1EF1D1FACA5DD5" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1861" box="[1256,1406,667,693]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Borborocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FB1EF1D1FACA5DD5" box="[1256,1406,667,693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Borborocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FE00F18AFCB15DB9" authority="Stal, 1861" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1861" box="[502,773,702,729]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Borborocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FE00F18AFD3F5DB9" box="[502,651,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">B. pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD67F1F4FCB15DB9" author="Stal, C." box="[657,773,702,729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="195 - 212" refId="ref34434" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Nova methodus familias quasdam Hemipterorum disponendi. Ofversigt af Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Forhandlingar, 18, 195 - 212." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FC6CF1F5FBB85DB9" box="[922,1036,703,729]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In his study of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FB1EF1F5FAEA5DB9" box="[1256,1374,703,729]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FF61F1A9FF5B5D9D" box="[151,239,739,765]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF0BF1A8FEC95D9E" author="Stal, C." box="[253,381,738,766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="437 - 462" refId="ref34461" refString="Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit (continuatio). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23, 437 - 462." type="journal article" year="1862">Stål (1862)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FDFCF1AEFCEE5D9D" authority="Say, 1831" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1831" box="[522,858,739,765]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Naucoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="profunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FDFCF1AEFD545D9D" box="[522,736,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Naucoris profunda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD1FF1A9FCEE5D9D" author="Say, T." box="[745,858,739,765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref33967" refString="Say, T. (1831 - 1832) Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, Indiana, 39 pp." type="book" year="1831">Say, 1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FC75F1A9FBAD5D9D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1861" box="[899,1049,739,765]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Borborocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FC75F1A9FBAD5D9D" box="[899,1049,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Borborocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition to correcting its specific epithet. In the following decade,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FDB0F04CFD775C42" author="Stal, C." box="[582,707,774,802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34488" refString="Stal, C. (1876) Enumeratio Hemipterorum 5. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 14, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1876">Stål (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the division Limnocoraria to include those two genera described by him (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FE84F066FE465C25" box="[370,498,812,837]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FE84F066FE465C25" box="[370,498,812,837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FDD9F061FD715C25" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1861" box="[559,709,811,837]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Borborocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FDD9F061FD715C25" box="[559,709,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Borborocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FC79F066FB965C25" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[911,1058,811,837]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FC79F066FB965C25" box="[911,1058,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">B. profundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FBBAF066FB785C25" box="[1100,1228,812,837]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FBBAF066FB785C25" box="[1100,1228,812,837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the next year,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF61F005FEE55C09" author="Lethierry, L." box="[151,337,847,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="40 - 43" refId="ref33055" refString="Lethierry, L. (1877) Releve des Hemipteres recueillis en Portugal et en Espagne par M. C. van Volxem en Mai et Juin 1871. Annales de la Societe Entomolgique de Belgique, 20, 40 - 43." type="journal article" year="1877">Lethierry (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FE3CF005FD095C09" box="[458,701,847,873]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Borborocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volxemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FE3CF005FD095C09" box="[458,701,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Borborocoris volxemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(incorrectly named
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FC69F005FBA95C09" box="[927,1053,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Borbocoris</emphasis>
|
||
) based on material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FAC0F005FA2D5C09" box="[1334,1433,847,873]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Given that the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FE2BF039FDCE5CED" authorityName="Stål" authorityYear="1876" box="[477,634,883,909]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limnocorinae">Limnocorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is otherwise exclusively New World, doubts remained about the identity of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FF29F0DDFE8A5CD1" box="[223,318,919,945]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FE52F0DDFCF15CD1" author="Kirkaldy, G. W. & Torre-Bueno, J. R." box="[420,837,919,945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="173 - 213" refId="ref32706" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. & Torre-Bueno, J. R. (1909) A catalogue of American aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 10, 173 - 213." type="journal article" year="1909">Kirkaldy & Torre-Bueno (1909: 184)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had already mentioned that the record for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FAD5F0DDFA365CD1" box="[1315,1410,919,945]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
is wrong and that this species is from South America. This was recently resolved when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FBA6F0F1FA9F5CB5" author="Nieser, N. & Chen, P. - P. & Melo, A. L." box="[1104,1323,955,981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref33517" refString="Nieser, N., Chen, P. - P. & Melo, A. L. (2013) A new species and new synonymy in Limnocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from Brazil. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae, 98 (2), 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Nieser
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FB57F0F6FB6D5CB5" box="[1185,1241,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F787A1E93EFFB4FF61F095FF735C99" box="[151,199,991,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series and recognized that specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FD0AF095FCF45C99" box="[764,832,991,1017]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
had become mixed with samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FB0FF095FAE85C99" box="[1273,1372,991,1017]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF31F749FB8E5AC9" blockId="2.[151,1437,486,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF31F749FE285B7D" author="Montandon, A. L." box="[199,412,1027,1053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref33178" refString="Montandon, A. L. (1897) Hemiptera Cryptocerata. Revision de le S. Fam. ' Limnocorinae'. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia et Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 12 (297), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4564" type="journal article" year="1897">Montandon (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
elevated to subfamily status the division proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FBE3F748FB235B7E" author="Stal, C." box="[1045,1175,1026,1054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34488" refString="Stal, C. (1876) Enumeratio Hemipterorum 5. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 14, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1876">Stål (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, naming it
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FAEBF749FF755B21" authorityName="Stål" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limnocorinae">Limnocorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In that contribution, he presented the first revision of the genus, proposing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FBEDF76DFB055B21" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1861" box="[1051,1201,1063,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Borborocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FBEDF76DFB055B21" box="[1051,1201,1063,1089]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Borborocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF4EF706FE8C5B05" box="[184,312,1100,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF4EF706FE8C5B05" box="[184,312,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition to the descriptions of nine species. The following year,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FBA6F701FA925B05" author="Montandon, A. L." box="[1104,1318,1099,1125]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="414 - 425" refId="ref33238" refString="Montandon, A. L. (1898) Hemiptera Cryptocerata. Fam. Naucoridae. - Sous-fam. Limnocorinae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 48, 414 - 425." type="journal article" year="1898">Montandon (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published another study describing six more species. With the exception of isolated species descriptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FB2AF725FA235BE9" author="Champion, G. C." box="[1244,1431,1135,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1897 - 1901" refId="ref32472" refString="Champion, G. C. (1901) Fam. Naucoridae. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvino, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Vol. II. Rynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 354 - 361. [1897 - 1901]" type="book chapter" year="1901">Champion 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF61F7D9FEEF5BCD" author="Montandon, A. L." box="[151,347,1171,1197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="414 - 422" refId="ref33272" refString="Montandon, A. L. (1900) Hemipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus des collections du Musee National Hongrois. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 23, 414 - 422." type="journal article" year="1900">Montandon 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1910, 1911;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FE04F7D9FD385BCD" author="Poisson, R. A." box="[498,652,1170,1197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref33619" refString="Poisson, R. A. (1954) Hydrocoridae (Heteropt.). In: Titschack, E. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Fauna Perus, 4, pp. 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1954">Poisson 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the genus was studied systematically again 40 years later, beginning with the studies published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FE18F7FDFD175BB1" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[494,675,1207,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref32533" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1941) Descripcion de dos especies nuevas del genero Limnocoris Stal. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 11, 37 - 41." type="journal article" year="1941">De Carlo (1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD46F7FCFD5E5BB1" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[688,746,1206,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref32566" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1951) Genero Limnocoris Stal (Hem. Naucor.). Mision de Estudios de Patologia Regional Argentina, 22, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="1951">1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD0EF7FDFC875BB1" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[760,819,1207,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="111 - 117" refId="ref32600" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1966) Un nuevo genero y nuevas especies de las subfamilias Limnocorinae y Ambrysinae (Hemiptera, Naucoridae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 28, 111 - 117." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FCB6F7FDFCCD5BB2" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[832,889,1207,1234]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="189 - 200" refId="ref32641" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1967) Una nueva especie del genero Ranatra y nuevas especies de Naucoridae. Amazoniana, 1, 189 - 200." type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FC4AF7FDFBCC5BB1" author="La Rivers, I." box="[956,1144,1206,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="368 - 373" refId="ref32745" refString="La Rivers, I. (1950) A new naucorid genus and species from Nevada. (Hemiptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 43, 368 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 43.3.368" type="journal article" year="1950">La Rivers (1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FB73F7FCFB745BB1" author="La Rivers, I." box="[1157,1216,1206,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="71 - 75" refId="ref32825" refString="La Rivers, I. (1957) A Limnocoris for the United States (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). Pan-pacific Entomologist, 33, 71 - 75." type="journal article" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FB3BF7FDFABC5BB1" author="La Rivers, I." box="[1229,1288,1207,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="195 - 196" refId="ref32854" refString="La Rivers, I. (1962) A new Limnocoris from Venezuela (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 64 (3), 195 - 196." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FAE3F7FDFAE45BB1" author="La Rivers, I." box="[1301,1360,1207,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref32890" refString="La Rivers, I. (1970) New species of Limnocoris from Latin America (Hemiptea, Naucoridae). Biological Society of Nevada Occasional Papers, 23, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FAABF7FDFA235BB1" author="La Rivers, I." box="[1373,1431,1207,1233]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref32924" refString="La Rivers, I. (1971) Studies of Naucoridae (Hemiptera). Biological Society of Nevada Memoirs, 2, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF61F791FF665B95" author="La Rivers, I." box="[151,210,1243,1269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref32951" refString="La Rivers, I. (1973) Two new species of Limnocoris from Brazil (Hemiptera, Naucoridae). Biological Society of Nevada Occasional Papers, 35, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF29F791FEAF5B95" author="La Rivers, I." box="[223,283,1243,1269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref32985" refString="La Rivers, I. (1974) Catalogue of taxa described in the family Naucoridae (Hemiptera) Supplement 1. Biological Society of Nevada Occasional Papers, 38, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These two researchers were the predominant specialists of the fauna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FBA9F791FB545B95" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[1119,1248,1243,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Naucoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Americas in the period from
|
||
<date id="FFF21FC3E93EFFB4FE98F7B5FE445A79" box="[366,496,1279,1305]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="1941" valueMax="1974">1941–1974</date>
|
||
. Specifically for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FD45F7B5FCE75A79" authorityName="Stål" authorityYear="1876" box="[691,851,1279,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limnocorinae">Limnocorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they described 39 species (including those that are now considered junior synonyms). In these studies, two other monotypic genera were described within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FAEBF669FF755A01" authorityName="Stål" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limnocorinae">Limnocorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF3BF602FDBE5A01" authority="La Rivers, 1950" authorityName="La Rivers" authorityYear="1950" box="[205,522,1350,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Usingerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF3BF602FEFF5A01" box="[205,331,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Usingerina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FEA5F60DFDBE5A01" author="La Rivers, I." box="[339,522,1350,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="368 - 373" refId="ref32745" refString="La Rivers, I. (1950) A new naucorid genus and species from Nevada. (Hemiptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 43, 368 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 43.3.368" type="journal article" year="1950">La Rivers, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FDB4F60DFCCC5A01" authority="De Carlo, 1966" authorityName="De Carlo" authorityYear="1966" box="[578,888,1351,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Sattleriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FDB4F60DFD0A5A01" box="[578,702,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Sattleriella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD31F60DFCCC5A01" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[711,888,1351,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="111 - 117" refId="ref32600" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1966) Un nuevo genero y nuevas especies de las subfamilias Limnocorinae y Ambrysinae (Hemiptera, Naucoridae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 28, 111 - 117." type="journal article" year="1966">De Carlo, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FBEEF60DFB1B5A01" box="[1048,1199,1351,1377]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93EFFB4FAA7F60DFA2C5A01" box="[1361,1432,1351,1377]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively. After this period, the primary studies were those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FC9AF621FB375AE5" author="Roback, S. S. & Nieser, N." box="[876,1155,1387,1413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="29 - 49" refId="ref33926" refString="Roback, S. S. & Nieser, N. (1974) Aquatic Hemiptera (Heteroptera) from the Llanos of Colombia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 126, 29 - 49." type="journal article" year="1974">Roback & Nieser (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FB79F621FA985AE5" author="Nieser, N." box="[1167,1324,1386,1413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref33407" refString="Nieser, N. (1975) The water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of the Guyana Region. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and the other Guyanas, 16, 1 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 7118 - 4 _ 1" type="journal article" year="1975">Nieser (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FACEF621FEBC5AC9" author="Nieser, N. & Gonzales, R. & Eichelkraut, K." pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref33573" refString="Nieser, N., Gonzales, R. & Eichelkraut, K. (1993) Nuevas especies de Naucoridae Fallen (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). Boletin del Museo de Entomologia de la Universidad de la Valle, 1, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Nieser
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FA7EF626FF005AC9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FEB5F6C5FD8A5AC9" author="Manzano, M. R. & Nieser, N. & Caicedo, G." box="[323,574,1422,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref33098" refString="Manzano, M. R., Nieser, N. & Caicedo, G. (1995) Lista preliminar de Heteropteros acuaticos en la Isla Gorgona y Llanura del Pacifico. Biblioteca Jose Jeronimo Triana, 11, 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Manzano
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FE44F6DAFE575AC9" box="[434,483,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in which eight more species were described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF31F6F9FB2D593D" blockId="2.[151,1437,486,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
Until the 1990s, most of the species descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FCDAF6FEFC185AAD" box="[812,940,1460,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FCDAF6FEFC185AAD" box="[812,940,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were published in isolated works, without standardization of terminology or characters used in the diagnosis, which generated difficulties in identifying the species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF0CF6B1FE4D5975" author="Sites, R. W. & Willig, M. R." box="[250,505,1531,1557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="803 - 814" refId="ref34222" refString="Sites, R. W. & Willig, M. R. (1994) Efficacy of mensural characters in discriminating among species of Naucoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera): Multivariate approaches and ontogenetic perspectives. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 803 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 87.6.803" type="journal article" year="1994">Sites & Willig (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in agreement with the arguments offered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FBE2F6B1FB615976" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[1044,1237,1531,1558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="111 - 117" refId="ref32600" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1966) Un nuevo genero y nuevas especies de las subfamilias Limnocorinae y Ambrysinae (Hemiptera, Naucoridae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 28, 111 - 117." type="journal article" year="1966">De Carlo (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pointed out that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F56AFDB85959" authority="La Rivers" authorityName=": La Rivers" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,524,1567,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Usingerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F56AFE205959" box="[151,404,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Usingerina moapensis</emphasis>
|
||
La Rivers
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FCE4F56AFC265959" box="[786,914,1568,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FCE4F56AFC265959" box="[786,914,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with specific modifications for existence in a thermally-influenced stream, and formalized the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FCA3F50EFC67593D" authorityName="La Rivers" authorityYear="1950" box="[853,979,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Usingerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FCA3F50EFC67593D" box="[853,979,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Usingerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FBE4F50EFB26593D" box="[1042,1170,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FBE4F50EFB26593D" box="[1042,1170,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB4FF31F52DFC875839" blockId="2.[151,1437,486,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
At the beginning of the 21st century,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FD98F52DFC1C59E1" author="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M." box="[622,936,1639,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="261 - 328" refId="ref33464" refString="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091" type="journal article" year="2001">Nieser & López-Ruf (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a major reference on the study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F5C6FEA359C5" box="[151,279,1676,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F5C6FEA359C5" box="[151,279,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which they reviewed 28 species occurring in southern South America east of the Andes, in addition to including a catalog of all species with institutional depositories for the primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F787A1E93EFFB4FBD2F5E5FBD759A9" box="[1060,1123,1711,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. In that study, they provided electron micrographs of the mesosternal carina of most of the studied species, solving some taxonomic questions generated by previous authors.Among the nomenclatural acts proposed in that study was the synonymy of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F451FEA75855" authorityName="De Carlo" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,275,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Sattleriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F451FEA75855" box="[151,275,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Sattleriella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FEA3F456FE615855" box="[341,469,1820,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FEA3F456FE615855" box="[341,469,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the authors used the same argument by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FC50F451FB295855" author="Sites, R. W. & Willig, M. R." box="[934,1181,1819,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="803 - 814" refId="ref34222" refString="Sites, R. W. & Willig, M. R. (1994) Efficacy of mensural characters in discriminating among species of Naucoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera): Multivariate approaches and ontogenetic perspectives. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 803 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 87.6.803" type="journal article" year="1994">Sites & Willig (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, claiming
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FAE2F451FADD5855" authorityName="De Carlo" authorityYear="1966" box="[1300,1385,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Sattleriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siolii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FAE2F451FADD5855" box="[1300,1385,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">S. siolii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was simply a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FE82F40AFE405839" box="[372,500,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FE82F40AFE405839" box="[372,500,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with specific modifications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93EFFB5FF31F429FDCB5E7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,486,2025]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93EFFB4FF31F429FE48581D" author="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M." box="[199,508,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="261 - 328" refId="ref33464" refString="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091" type="journal article" year="2001">Nieser & López-Ruf (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also proposed for the first time the division of the genus into two groups of species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FF61F4C2FF5A58C1" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,238,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FF61F4C2FF5A58C1" box="[151,238,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FED1F4CDFE1158C1" box="[295,421,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">maculiceps</emphasis>
|
||
. This division was based on hemelytral shape: species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93EFFB4FB97F4C2FB0C58C1" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[1121,1208,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FB97F4C2FB0C58C1" box="[1121,1208,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group exhibited the lateral margin of the wing posterior to the embolium strongly curved, exposing a wide part of the abdominal terga; whereas in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93EFFB4FEB0F485FE705889" box="[326,452,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">maculiceps</emphasis>
|
||
group the species did not present the lateral margin strongly curved, leaving exposed only a narrow part of the abdominal terga. In those two species groups, the authors included the species occuring in southern South America east of the Andes, but did not specify to which group the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FAEBF3F4FA295FB7" box="[1309,1437,190,215]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FAEBF3F4FA295FB7" box="[1309,1437,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonged. Because the divisions are based on only one character, which is variable in some species, we do not follow the division distinction in the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93FFFB5FF31F263FC045D5F" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FF31F263FE315E23" bold="true" box="[199,389,296,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The naucorids, also known as saucer bugs or creeping water bugs, live in a variety of aquatic environments from standing waters, such as ponds and lakes, to torrential waters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FBB9F204FB7B5E07" box="[1103,1231,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FBB9F204FB7B5E07" box="[1103,1231,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually occurs in shallow streams where the substrate is mainly composed of gravel and/or sand and specimens are frequently associated with leaf packs or roots of riparian vegetation. It is common to collect more than one species of the genus in the same locality; in these cases, it is easy to determine how the species partition the habitat after a modicum of sampling. They rarely fly and are not attracted to lights; thus, collection at a light trap or flight interception trap is ineffective for the collection of these insects. The most effective method to collect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FBC4F148FB065D7B" box="[1074,1202,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FBC4F148FB065D7B" box="[1074,1202,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is actively searching using an aquatic insect net, or other insect net adapted for use in water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566A88E93FFFB2FF31F102FD485EB3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93FFFB5FF31F102FD525BA7" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FF31F102FE7C5D03" bold="true" box="[199,456,584,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Wing polymorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
Pterypolymorphism is common in many families of Heteroptera, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FAEDF103FA285D03" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[1307,1436,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Naucoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FF61F124FEA35DE7" box="[151,279,622,647]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FF61F124FEA35DE7" box="[151,279,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is no exception. The forewing usually does not differ in size; variation in this wing is associated with the presence or absence of the claval suture, the posterior suture of the embolium, and the reduction or non-reduction of the membrane. Two species occurring in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7993E93FFFB5FCBFF1FFFC245DAF" box="[841,912,693,719]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FC6DF1FCFB795DAF" authority="La Rivers, 1974" authorityName="La Rivers" authorityYear="1974" box="[923,1229,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FC6DF1FCFBA65DAF" box="[923,1042,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">L. acutalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93FFFB5FBEFF1FFFB795DAF" author="La Rivers, I." box="[1049,1229,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref32985" refString="La Rivers, I. (1974) Catalogue of taxa described in the family Naucoridae (Hemiptera) Supplement 1. Biological Society of Nevada Occasional Papers, 38, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1974">La Rivers, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FAF5F1FCFAED5DAF" authorityName="De Carlo" authorityYear="1966" box="[1283,1369,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Sattleriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siolii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FAF5F1FCFAED5DAF" box="[1283,1369,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">L. siolii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have the forewing distinctly reduced in some specimens, leaving the posterior abdominal terga exposed. The hindwing usually has more variation of size and can be distinctly reduced, not exceeding abdominal tergum II, although the most common condition is that the wing does not exceed tergum IV. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93FFFB5FBD2F06BFA9C5C5B" author="Schuh, R. T. & Slater, J. A." box="[1060,1320,800,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" refId="ref33995" refString="Schuh, R. T. & Slater, J. A. (1995) True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, New York, 336 pp." type="book" year="1995">Schuh & Slater (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described five
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F787A1E93FFFB5FF3CF00FFEB15C3F" box="[202,261,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of wing conditions in Nepomorpha, researchers of aquatic Heteroptera (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93FFFB5FB9BF00FFA205C3F" author="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M." box="[1133,1428,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="261 - 328" refId="ref33464" refString="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091" type="journal article" year="2001">Nieser & López-Ruf 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) generally characterize specimens as brachypterous or macropterous based on the development of the hindwing. Brachypterous specimens have the hindwing reduced (with different degrees of reduction), whereas macropterous specimens have the hindwing fully developed. In brachypterous forms, the claval suture is absent or underdeveloped (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FEE3F09FFEC35C8F" box="[277,375,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1793,1818]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1437,181,1773]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp. (A) Dorsal habitus and (B) ventral habitus of female holotype, hindwing brachypterous (UMC), (C) dorsal habitus of male paratype, hindwing macropterous (UMC) (D) ventral view of head and part of thorax, white arrow indicates elongate hairs on the mesosternal carina, (E) terminal abdominal sterna of female, and (F) lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. A–C. cls = claval suture, cor = corium, emb = embolium, lbr = labrum, mbr = hemelytral membrane, mbs = mesobasisternum, mpl = maxillary plate, mps = mesoepisternum, mtc = metasternal carina, mtp = metapleuron, pbs = probasisternum, plc = posterolateral corner of pronotum, prp = propleuron, pst = prosternellum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274059/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FE75F09FFE025C8F" box="[387,438,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1792,1817]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 17. Limnocoris virescens Montandon. (A) Dorsal habitus and (B) ventral habitus of male, hindwing brachypterous (EMEC), (C) dorsal habitus of male, hindwing macropterous (EMEC), (D) ventral view of part of thorax, (E) terminal abdominal sterna of female, and (F) lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. A–C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274085/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in some specimens it may be evident (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FC2FF09FFB865C8F" box="[985,1074,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[165,1420,277,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[161,1427,273,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Limnocoris major n. sp. (A) Dorsal habitus and (B) ventral habitus of female holotype, hindwing brachypterous (UMC), (C) dorsal habitus of female paratype, hindwing macropterous (MZUSP), (D) ventral view of part of thorax, (E) ter- minal abdominal sterna of female, and (F) lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. A–C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, in some taxa, in order to know if the specimen is brachypterous or macropterous, it is necessary to raise the forewing to observe the size of the hindwing. In macropterous specimens, the claval suture is always well-developed. In some species, the forms of the posterolateral corner of the pronotum and the lateral margin of the embolium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FB97F70BFB425B3B" box="[1121,1270,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1793,1818]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1437,181,1773]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp. (A) Dorsal habitus and (B) ventral habitus of female holotype, hindwing brachypterous (UMC), (C) dorsal habitus of male paratype, hindwing macropterous (UMC) (D) ventral view of head and part of thorax, white arrow indicates elongate hairs on the mesosternal carina, (E) terminal abdominal sterna of female, and (F) lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. A–C. cls = claval suture, cor = corium, emb = embolium, lbr = labrum, mbr = hemelytral membrane, mbs = mesobasisternum, mpl = maxillary plate, mps = mesoepisternum, mtc = metasternal carina, mtp = metapleuron, pbs = probasisternum, plc = posterolateral corner of pronotum, prp = propleuron, pst = prosternellum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274059/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs. 3A, 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FAF5F70BFAE35B3B" box="[1283,1367,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[165,1420,277,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[161,1427,273,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Limnocoris major n. sp. (A) Dorsal habitus and (B) ventral habitus of female holotype, hindwing brachypterous (UMC), (C) dorsal habitus of female paratype, hindwing macropterous (MZUSP), (D) ventral view of part of thorax, (E) ter- minal abdominal sterna of female, and (F) lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. A–C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">9A, 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FA93F70BFF7D5B1F" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1792,1817]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 17. Limnocoris virescens Montandon. (A) Dorsal habitus and (B) ventral habitus of male, hindwing brachypterous (EMEC), (C) dorsal habitus of male, hindwing macropterous (EMEC), (D) ventral view of part of thorax, (E) terminal abdominal sterna of female, and (F) lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. A–C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274085/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">17A, 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
), in addition to body size, are directly associated with the development of the hindwings. Some researchers have described conspecific brachypterous and macropterous specimens as distinct species. Therefore, documenting this variation is important to avoid misidentification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93FFFB5FF31F79AFB5A596B" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FF31F79AFE4A5B8B" bold="true" box="[199,510,1232,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Putative synapomorphies.</emphasis>
|
||
After the study of all described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FC10F798FBD25B8B" box="[998,1126,1234,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FC10F798FBD25B8B" box="[998,1126,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Limnocoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we were able to recognize characters that remain intraspecifically constant that were not mentioned in the literature by previous authors. Except for those of the 6th and 7th abdominal terga, and terminalia, all the characters have the same state in males and females. Usually, these characters also have the same state in morphologically similar species, which suggests they can be informative at a more comprehensive level (i.e., species groups or complexes). In the head, the anterior region of the maxillary plate can be tumescent or flat. In all species from North America, the maxillary plate is tumescent. A flat maxillary plate occurs in some species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FB20F6E0FE9D5A87" authority="La Rivers, 1974" authorityName="La Rivers" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FB20F6E0FAC35AA3" box="[1238,1399,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">L. abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93FFFB5FA89F6E3FE9D5A87" author="La Rivers, I." pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref32985" refString="La Rivers, I. (1974) Catalogue of taxa described in the family Naucoridae (Hemiptera) Supplement 1. Biological Society of Nevada Occasional Papers, 38, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1974">La Rivers, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FEC2F684FE1C5A87" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[308,424,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FEC2F684FE1C5A87" box="[308,424,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">L. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FE40F684FD635A87" authority="De Carlo, 1966" authorityName="De Carlo" authorityYear="1966" box="[438,727,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sattleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FE40F684FD965A87" box="[438,546,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">L. sattleri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93FFFB5FDDFF687FD635A87" author="De Carlo, J. A." box="[553,727,1485,1511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="111 - 117" refId="ref32600" refString="De Carlo, J. A. (1966) Un nuevo genero y nuevas especies de las subfamilias Limnocorinae y Ambrysinae (Hemiptera, Naucoridae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 28, 111 - 117." type="journal article" year="1966">De Carlo, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FD14F684FBDE5A87" authority="La Rivers, 1974" authorityName="La Rivers" authorityYear="1974" box="[738,1130,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submontandoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FD14F684FC185A87" box="[738,940,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">L. submontandoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93FFFB5FC45F687FBDE5A87" author="La Rivers, I." box="[947,1130,1485,1511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref32985" refString="La Rivers, I. (1974) Catalogue of taxa described in the family Naucoridae (Hemiptera) Supplement 1. Biological Society of Nevada Occasional Papers, 38, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1974">La Rivers, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The antenna has four segments: scape, pedicel, and two flagellomeres. The flagellomeres may or may not be partially fused.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E93FFFB5FF31F55FFD5058BF" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
The propleuron has different patterns of the pubescent area and no intraspecific variation was observed in that condition. The pubescence may (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FDFEF573FDE45933" box="[520,592,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C) or may not be extended posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FBC6F573FB3C5933" box="[1072,1160,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
); when extended, it may extend posteriorly beyond halfway along the entire length of the lateral margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FBDBF517FBCC5917" box="[1069,1144,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B), or be only slightly extended, equal to or less than halfway along the lateral margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FC83F5CBFC7959FB" box="[885,973,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior margin of the propleuron can be almost straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FE6DF5EFFE4059DF" box="[411,500,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FD9FF5EFFD0559DF" box="[617,689,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D), or concave. This latter state is present only in species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E93FFFB5FF61F580FEBF5983" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,267,1738,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FF61F580FEBF5983" box="[151,267,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">L. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E93FFFB5FEAFF580FE235983" box="[345,407,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E93FFFB5FE68F583FD635983" author="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M." box="[414,727,1737,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="261 - 328" refId="ref33464" refString="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091" type="journal article" year="2001">Nieser & López-Ruf (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The region between the mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum may (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FF20F5A7FE9F5867" box="[214,299,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1461,1486]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,221,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,211,1426]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–B) Lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (A) L. pygmaeus, white arrow indicates anterior projection, black arrow indicates excavation posterior to fossa, (B) L. zacki n. sp., black arrow indicates median projection of mesosternal carina. (C–D) Ventral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (C) L. inornatus, white arrow indicates row of longitudinal golden setae between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum, (D) L. zacki n. sp., white arrow indicates fossa partially open anteriorly, dotted lines indicate anterior and posterior limits of fossa. (E–F) Ventral view of abdominal segments III–V, (E) L. virescens, black arrows indicate posterolateral corners, (F) L. panamensis. (G–H) Ventral view of female abdominal segments IV–IX, (G) L. moapensis, sgp = subgenital plate, (H) L. major n. sp., white arrows indicate elongate golden setae, gs= posterolateral elongate golden setae on lateral margin of subgenital plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274057/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) or may not (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FE36F5A7FDA25867" box="[448,534,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1461,1486]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,221,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,211,1426]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–B) Lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (A) L. pygmaeus, white arrow indicates anterior projection, black arrow indicates excavation posterior to fossa, (B) L. zacki n. sp., black arrow indicates median projection of mesosternal carina. (C–D) Ventral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (C) L. inornatus, white arrow indicates row of longitudinal golden setae between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum, (D) L. zacki n. sp., white arrow indicates fossa partially open anteriorly, dotted lines indicate anterior and posterior limits of fossa. (E–F) Ventral view of abdominal segments III–V, (E) L. virescens, black arrows indicate posterolateral corners, (F) L. panamensis. (G–H) Ventral view of female abdominal segments IV–IX, (G) L. moapensis, sgp = subgenital plate, (H) L. major n. sp., white arrows indicate elongate golden setae, gs= posterolateral elongate golden setae on lateral margin of subgenital plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274057/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. The presence of these setae on the mesosternum is correlated with the presence of three other characters: (1) sinuous row of elongate golden setae on the posterior region of the metapleuron and abdominal sternum II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FC51F47FFC4A582F" box="[935,1022,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||
), (2) elongate golden setae generally dispersed mainly on segments III–V [in addition to the typical pubescence that covers most of the abdominal sterna] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FF56F437FF4F58F7" box="[160,251,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1461,1486]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,221,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,211,1426]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–B) Lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (A) L. pygmaeus, white arrow indicates anterior projection, black arrow indicates excavation posterior to fossa, (B) L. zacki n. sp., black arrow indicates median projection of mesosternal carina. (C–D) Ventral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (C) L. inornatus, white arrow indicates row of longitudinal golden setae between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum, (D) L. zacki n. sp., white arrow indicates fossa partially open anteriorly, dotted lines indicate anterior and posterior limits of fossa. (E–F) Ventral view of abdominal segments III–V, (E) L. virescens, black arrows indicate posterolateral corners, (F) L. panamensis. (G–H) Ventral view of female abdominal segments IV–IX, (G) L. moapensis, sgp = subgenital plate, (H) L. major n. sp., white arrows indicate elongate golden setae, gs= posterolateral elongate golden setae on lateral margin of subgenital plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274057/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
), and (3) a tuft of golden setae on the lateral margin of the female subgenital plate (=mediosternite VII) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FF56F4EBFF4858DB" box="[160,252,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1461,1486]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,221,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,211,1426]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–B) Lateral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (A) L. pygmaeus, white arrow indicates anterior projection, black arrow indicates excavation posterior to fossa, (B) L. zacki n. sp., black arrow indicates median projection of mesosternal carina. (C–D) Ventral view of meso- and metasternal carinae, (C) L. inornatus, white arrow indicates row of longitudinal golden setae between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum, (D) L. zacki n. sp., white arrow indicates fossa partially open anteriorly, dotted lines indicate anterior and posterior limits of fossa. (E–F) Ventral view of abdominal segments III–V, (E) L. virescens, black arrows indicate posterolateral corners, (F) L. panamensis. (G–H) Ventral view of female abdominal segments IV–IX, (G) L. moapensis, sgp = subgenital plate, (H) L. major n. sp., white arrows indicate elongate golden setae, gs= posterolateral elongate golden setae on lateral margin of subgenital plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274057/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternum II may also exhibit a rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FD2AF4EBFC8458DB" box="[732,816,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FC22F4EBFB9858DB" box="[980,1068,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
) patch of golden setae. In some species, most of these setae may be absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E93FFFB5FD77F48FFD6258BF" box="[641,726,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1505,1530]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1432,489,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of Limnocoris. (A–D) Propleuron, white arrows indicate posterior end of pubescent area, yellow arrows indicate mid-lateral region of posterior margin, (A) L. zacki n. sp., (B) L. inornatus, (C) L. virescens, (D) L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. (E–H) Part of abdominal segments, showing pubescence patterns of sternum II (circled), (E) L. moapensis, (F) L. submontandoni, (G) L. nanus n. sp., and (H) L. stali. pa = pubescent area, pra = pruinose area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33903E938FFB2FF31F3D3FD485EB3" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
The male accessory genitalic process of tergum VI is usually present, but is not well developed and its shape does not differ greatly among species; it is absent in species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4280E938FFB2FC56F3F4FBA35FB7" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[928,1047,190,215]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Limnocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E938FFB2FC56F3F4FBA35FB7" box="[928,1047,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">L. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
<emphasis id="B938E511E938FFB2FB9CF3F4FB1C5FB7" box="[1130,1192,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD44F2E938FFB2FB44F3F7FF515F9B" author="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M." pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="261 - 328" refId="ref33464" refString="Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091" type="journal article" year="2001">Nieser & López-Ruf (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The lateral and mesal margins of the lateral lobe of male tergum VI can be curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FB6DF3ABFB475F9C" box="[1179,1267,225,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,605,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,597,1884]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp., (C–D) L. hintoni, and (E–F) L. inornatus. agp = accessory genitalic process, ll = lateral lobe, lml = left medial lobe, ltr = lateral lobe of tergum VI (delimited by dotted line), ml = medial lobe, rml = right medial lobe, snt = small notch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274067/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) or subparallel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FF69F24FFE935E7F" box="[159,295,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,605,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,597,1884]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp., (C–D) L. hintoni, and (E–F) L. inornatus. agp = accessory genitalic process, ll = lateral lobe, lml = left medial lobe, ltr = lateral lobe of tergum VI (delimited by dotted line), ml = medial lobe, rml = right medial lobe, snt = small notch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274067/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 6C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior margin of male mediotergite VII varies among species and can form small rounded lobes (lateral and/or medial) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FE12F263FDFC5E23" box="[484,584,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,605,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,597,1884]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp., (C–D) L. hintoni, and (E–F) L. inornatus. agp = accessory genitalic process, ll = lateral lobe, lml = left medial lobe, ltr = lateral lobe of tergum VI (delimited by dotted line), ml = medial lobe, rml = right medial lobe, snt = small notch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274067/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FDA2F263FD775E23" box="[596,707,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1512,1537]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,187,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris insularis, (C–D) L. lutzi, and (E–F) L. major n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">10A, 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), be almost straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FC59F263FBA05E23" box="[943,1044,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1512,1537]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,187,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris insularis, (C–D) L. lutzi, and (E–F) L. major n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
||
), or broadly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FAF2F263FAE95E24" box="[1284,1373,297,324]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,605,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,597,1884]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp., (C–D) L. hintoni, and (E–F) L. inornatus. agp = accessory genitalic process, ll = lateral lobe, lml = left medial lobe, ltr = lateral lobe of tergum VI (delimited by dotted line), ml = medial lobe, rml = right medial lobe, snt = small notch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274067/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The medial lobes of male tergum VIII (=pseudoparameres) have a more homogeneous shape among species, although the apex of the left lobe may (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FDECF23BFD605EEB" box="[538,724,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,605,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,597,1884]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp., (C–D) L. hintoni, and (E–F) L. inornatus. agp = accessory genitalic process, ll = lateral lobe, lml = left medial lobe, ltr = lateral lobe of tergum VI (delimited by dotted line), ml = medial lobe, rml = right medial lobe, snt = small notch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274067/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 6B, 6D, 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FD28F23BFCBA5EEB" box="[734,782,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1512,1537]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,187,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris insularis, (C–D) L. lutzi, and (E–F) L. major n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
) or may not be angled laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772586E938FFB2FB8EF23BFAB35EEB" box="[1144,1287,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1512,1537]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,187,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Structures of male terminalia. (A, C, E) 6th and 7th abdominal terga, (B, D, F) 8th abdominal tergum. (A–B) Limnocoris insularis, (C–D) L. lutzi, and (E–F) L. major n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3274073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 10D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). These characters, together with those already presented by other authors, should be explored in a phylogenetic context, in order to corroborate or refute these hypotheses of homology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |