338 lines
43 KiB
XML
338 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="66D75441242309D032D2BF9E1388830C" ID-CLB-Dataset="7413" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7a40f10-4145-499c-97be-3f9bc5088d2f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655625" ID-ZooBank="557825A0-714A-426A-917F-1C9AB7372C30" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617265349256" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Archibald, S. Bruce & Makarkin, Vladimir N." docDate="2021" docId="03DE878EFFFAC441FF67FF30C973823D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4951.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4951 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megaraphidia hopkinsi Archibald & Makarkin 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFE7FFF6FFF6C44EFFF0FFA7CC6F8000" masterDocTitle="Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698935824968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="DFAC7314FAE088440AC56F4D0DE30A7B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F81291E480BE594CEEC313C1A343CCE5">
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<mods:title id="47BBB63F4F437FF93DD8B4EFB0BFA827">Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4D7D2CA0D973FBD3F3317244664A3280" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="801F1BC18DCDA0F9D9DB3398E04918DE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="98800D5E8DB7EC448DEA6DEC387F65AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="421595A5D77E5367FEBD37506310DF4B">Archibald, S. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="360368DB8935C175313D2F99498AA1A0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4397-2497</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="446EDCF4941EE856344515BB1B3D527E">Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V 5 A 1 S 6, Canada. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4397 - 2497 & Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America & Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, V 8 W 9 W 2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F6B80B26D16ACFF894A03BFEB74DD4D0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4E98CC4DEF9593AF7BBC50B9F5F44AE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2A92B059CAFD664FC3CD90C8006D0A88">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A098BF28F3F8DA18A8F8F9D09290DF9C">Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivo-</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="18AC3455EB31D3794F46B4AA45EC2DF4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="82D2EDA74CB1B1D5158D27BFC977A771">
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<mods:title id="DD49A30300610869207714DA48461D0D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9BABA58E2EF1B9B61FFA8FAC6256D4E1">
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<mods:date id="50E6C6C6CFF15F0EF45451BE87C10A41">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD4986519C9DBFE006C17E94C141D3FF">2021-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="480E35B45E05579689EF765AF53D05CE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="38DC714C6F21FC1E18A2AD6CD5F7D3DB">4951</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="18117026A96C722C363A36E8493956D1" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7773E7E256B2FCADC14617DC15E1DA5E">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="276D3C8D498C6DBF1D205B3FE8711D06">41</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="5309180086D4F34FCFE7755137D0F55B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BAC0F4797B20D540B6E69CE9161919A1" type="CLB-Dataset">7413</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7AE6F03A76D29F501F39622F6BB0B9F8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F79A286ED44F18D97852AFEC11AB38F2" type="GBIF-Dataset">d7a40f10-4145-499c-97be-3f9bc5088d2f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A96689C3BB4971F98629026C0978A854" type="ZooBank">557825A0-714A-426A-917F-1C9AB7372C30</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DE878EFFFAC441FF67FF30C973823D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681525" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180999344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE878EFFFAC441FF67FF30C973823D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE878EFFFAC441FF67FF30C973823D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFFAC442FF67FF30CE7880B1" box="[151,535,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF67FF30CE7880B1" blockId="12.[151,535,151,213]" box="[151,535,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="D08081F4FFFAC442FF67FF30CE7880B1" bold="true" box="[151,535,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF67FF30CE7880B1" bold="true" box="[151,535,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FF67FF30CDDD80B2" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,434,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hopkinsi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF67FF30CDDD80B2" bold="true" box="[151,434,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Megaraphidia hopkinsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFFAC442FE49FF30CE7880B1" box="[441,535,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFFAC442FF67FF1CCC9780D5" box="[151,248,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF67FF1CCC9780D5" blockId="12.[151,535,151,213]" box="[151,248,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<figureCitation id="134C2A1DFFFAC442FF67FF1CCCB280D5" box="[151,221,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,664,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-176@12.[151,1436,664,1596]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Megaraphidia hopkinsi sp. nov., holotype UWBM77544. A, specimen as preserved; B, head. gu, gula. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655657/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A1DFFFAC442FF1AFF1CCC9780D5" box="[234,248,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[275,1316,200,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[259,1329,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Wing venation of Megaraphidia hopkinsi sp. nov., holotype UWBM77544. A, right forewing; B, left hind wing; C, right forewing; D, left hind wing. Scale bar = 3 mm (all to scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655661/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFFAC442FF67FEA7CECB8118" box="[151,676,255,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF67FEA7CECB8118" blockId="12.[151,676,255,280]" box="[151,676,255,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711B6FFFAC442FF67FEA7CECB8118" box="[151,676,255,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FF67FEA7CD448118" ID-CoL="6236X" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,299,256,280]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Raphidioptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD61089FFFAC442FEC4FEA7CE378118" author="Greenwood, D. R. & Archibald, S. B. & Mathewes, R. W. & Moss, P. T." box="[308,600,255,280]" page="180" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B69FFFAC442FEC4FEA7CE378118" author="Greenwood, D. R. & Archibald, S. B. & Mathewes, R. W. & Moss, P. T." box="[308,600,255,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="167 - 185" refId="ref23003" refString="Greenwood, D. R., Archibald, S. B., Mathewes, R. W. & Moss, P. T. (2005) Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42, 167 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 04 - 100" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Greenwood
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FE41FEA7CDB28118" box="[433,477,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
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., 2005: 180
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A1DFFFAC442FD93FEA7CECF8118" box="[611,672,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,190,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Wing venation of Megaraphidia ootsa sp. nov., holotype RBCM P1556. A, right forewing, B, left forewing; C, right hind wing; D, left hind wing. Scale bar = 3 mm (all to scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655637/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFFAC442FF67FEE1C83D81CD" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF67FEE1C9778184" blockId="12.[151,1436,325,640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF67FEE1CD28815F" bold="true" box="[151,327,325,352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC5FFFAC442FEA0FEE1C9778184" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071122304" collectionCode="UWBM" collectorName="Donald Hopkins" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="UWBM77544" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54CC883AFFFAC442FEA0FEE1CDD78160" box="[336,440,326,352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="DBD19EE3FFFAC442FE31FEE1CE0B8161" box="[449,612,326,353]" collectionCode="UWBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" name="University of Washington, Burke Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">UWBM77544</specimenCode>
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, collected by
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<collectorName id="2682534EFFFAC442FCF4FEE1CFD18160" box="[772,958,326,352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Donald Hopkins</collectorName>
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in 1990; deposited in the
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE5DFFFAC442FB1DFEE1C9288160" box="[1261,1351,326,352]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" name="University of Washington, Burke Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">UWBM</collectionCode>
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collections. A nearly complete female specimen preserved in lateral aspect, except the head in ventral aspect.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF37FE29C83D81CD" blockId="12.[151,1436,325,640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CC5FFFAC442FF37FE29C82181CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071122310" country="Canada" county="Eocene" location="The One Mile Creek" municipality="Princeton" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF37FE29CD9381A7" bold="true" box="[199,508,397,424]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<typeStatus id="54CC883AFFFAC442FF37FE29CD6D81A8" box="[199,258,398,424]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
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locality and horizon.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EA86043FFFAC442FDF2FE29CE8881A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE878EFFFAC441FF67FF30C973823D:8EA86043FFFAC442FDF2FE29CE8881A8" box="[514,743,398,424]" country="Canada" county="Eocene" municipality="Princeton" name="The One Mile Creek" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="British Columbia">The One Mile Creek</location>
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exposure of the
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<location id="8EA86043FFFAC442FC6DFE29C81D81A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE878EFFFAC441FF67FF30C973823D:8EA86043FFFAC442FC6DFE29C81D81A8" box="[925,1138,398,424]" country="Canada" county="Eocene" municipality="Princeton" name="Allenby Formation" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="British Columbia">Allenby Formation</location>
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north of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BACACE2FFFAC442FB27FE29C92A81A8" box="[1239,1349,398,424]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Princeton</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49B3F87AFFFAC442FAA0FE29CD6781CC" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3607608FFFAC442FEE4FE15CD0781CC" box="[276,360,434,460]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Canada</collectingCountry>
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(part of the Okanagan Highlands series); early
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<collectingCounty id="62A94E14FFFAC442FC8BFE15CFA281CC" box="[891,973,434,460]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Eocene</collectingCounty>
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(Ypresian)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFFAC442FF37FE71CC8A8214" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF37FE71CC8A8214" blockId="12.[151,1436,325,640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF37FE71CD2181F0" bold="true" box="[199,334,470,496]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is a patronym formed from the surname of Don Hopkins, collector of the
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<typeStatus id="54CC883AFFFAC442FA87FE71CC8E8214" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFFAC442FF37FDBAC88F8280" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF37FDBAC88F8280" blockId="12.[151,1436,325,640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF37FDBACD2D8237" bold="true" box="[199,322,541,567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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May be distinguished from other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FCB8FDB9CF878238" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1907" box="[840,1000,542,568]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FCB8FDB9CF878238" box="[840,1000,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Megaraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by broad head [cuneate in
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FAD7FDB8C9E48238" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[1319,1419,543,568]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ootsa">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FAD7FDB8C9E48238" box="[1319,1419,543,568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">M. ootsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]; forewing costal space narrow (2 times wider than subcostal space) [
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<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFFAC442FC79FDE5CFA4825C" box="[905,971,578,604]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="2.3">2.3 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FC21FDE4C8E9825C" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[977,1158,579,604]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquissima">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FC21FDE4C8E9825C" box="[977,1158,579,604]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">M. antiquissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFFAC442FB63FDE5C8BC825C" box="[1171,1235,578,604]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="2.6">2.6 in</quantity>
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FB2AFDE4C91D825C" box="[1242,1394,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FB2AFDE4C900825C" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1242,1391,578,604]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exhumata">M. exhumata</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFFAC442FA89FDE5CCC28280" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="2.9">2.9 in</quantity>
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|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF44FDC0CD2E8280" box="[180,321,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FF44FDC0CD538280" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[180,316,614,640]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klondika">M. klondika</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
3.0 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FE7EFDC0CE658280" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1907" box="[398,522,614,640]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FE7EFDC0CE658280" box="[398,522,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">M. elegans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
]; subcostal veinlets more strongly inclined than in other species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF086610FFFAC442FF67F9F3CDE98690" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655657/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" startId="12.[151,250,1620,1644]" targetBox="[151,1436,664,1596]" targetPageId="12">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF67F9F3CDE98690" blockId="12.[151,1436,1620,1680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF67F9F3CD7C866C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1620,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFAC442FEEAF9F3CE67866C" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[282,520,1620,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hopkinsi" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FEEAF9F3CE67866C" box="[282,520,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Megaraphidia hopkinsi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FDFEF9F3CE30866C" bold="true" box="[526,607,1620,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFFAC442FDFEF9F3CE30866C" box="[526,607,1620,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, holotype UWBM77544. A, specimen as preserved; B, head. gu, gula. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFFAC441FF37F919C9E480F9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC442FF37F919CF40878C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1726,2041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFAC442FF37F919CD3686D8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1726,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Description.</emphasis>
|
|
Female. Body length (without ovipositor) approximately
|
|
<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFFAC442FC16F918C82286D9" box="[998,1101,1727,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
|
|
. Head disarticulated, exposed ventrally, yellowish-brown; broad, not narrowed posteriorly except for posterior-most short portion; gula well discernible, narrow. Mouthparts very poorly preserved, incomplete. Prothorax broad in lateral view, relatively short, approximately
|
|
<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFFAC442FEB0F88CCDED8745" box="[320,386,1835,1861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
|
long (0.18 body length); mainly yellowish-brown. Meso-, metathorax, legs appear very dark, blackish; details poorly discernible. Abdominal tergites, sternites very dark, poorly preserved; 9th tergite narrow; ectoproct appears large; ovipositor incompletely preserved.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFAC440FF37F831C896823D" blockId="12.[151,1436,1726,2041]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
|
Forewing: 8.0 mm long as preserved (approximately
|
|
<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFFAC442FCFEF830CF0D87B1" box="[782,866,1943,1969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
|
|
estimated length),
|
|
<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFFAC442FBC2F831C8FA87B1" box="[1074,1173,1942,1969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.95">2.95 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide (estimated length/ width: 3.19). Costal space moderately broad, dilated at proximal 1/4 length; nine subcostal veinlets simple, distally widely spaced, proximally more closely spaced. ScP relatively long, terminating on costal margin slightly distad crossvein 2ra-rp. Subcostal space very broad, with basal crossvein located father to origin of RP than to divergence of M, CuA; distal crossvein (2scp-r, forming basal margin of pterostigma) straight. Only poorly preserved proximalmost part of pterostigma discernible. RA space with one preserved crossvein (2ra-rp) well proximad pterostigma. RP originating 0.46 estimated wing length, with two preserved proximal branches: RP1 deeply, dichotomously forked, with anterior branch simple, posterior branch shallowly forked (right wing); relatively shallowly forked once (left wing). RP2 incompletely preserved. One intraradial crossvein rp1-pr2 between stem of RP1, RP2. Three crossveins between RP, MA: 1r-m, 2r-m connecting stem of RP, MA; 3r-m connecting RP1, anterior branch of MA. M fused with CuA for very short distance; forked well proximad origin of RP. MA deeply, dichotomously forked twice. MP slightly zigzagged, anterior trace with two simple long branches. Two long intramedian crossveins form two
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FA81FE10C9FA81D1" box="[1393,1429,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">doi</emphasis>
|
|
; basal
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FF28FE7CCC9381F5" box="[216,252,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">doi</emphasis>
|
|
slightly shorter than distal. Anterior trace of CuA strongly zigzagged, fused with MP for short distance to form part of posterior margin of basal
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FDCCFE58CE0F8219" box="[572,608,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">doi</emphasis>
|
|
; one long simple branch. CuP simple distally. Crossvein icu between CuA, CuP long. AA1 simple; AA2+AA3 then AA2 strongly incurved, simple distally; AA3 not preserved.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF086610FFFBC443FF67F830CF2487D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655661/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" startId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[275,1316,200,1905]" targetPageId="13">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFFBC443FF67F830CF2487D4" blockId="13.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFBC443FF67F830CD7B87AF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Wing venation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFFBC443FE24F83FCEAD87B0" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[468,706,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hopkinsi" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFBC443FE24F83FCEAD87B0" box="[468,706,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Megaraphidia hopkinsi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFFBC443FD39F83FCF7487B0" bold="true" box="[713,795,1944,1968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFFBC443FD39F83FCF7487B0" box="[713,795,1944,1968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, holotype UWBM77544. A, right forewing; B, left hind wing; C, right forewing; D, left hind wing. Scale bar = 3 mm (all to scale).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF086610FFF8C440FF67FADDCC838622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655665/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" startId="14.[151,250,1402,1426]" targetBox="[151,1436,597,1379]" targetPageId="14">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFF8C440FF67FADDCC838622" blockId="14.[151,1437,1402,1570]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FF67FADDCD4E8592" bold="true" box="[151,289,1402,1426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
|
Pterostigmata of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF8C440FE28FADDCE068592" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1907" box="[472,617,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FE28FADDCE068592" box="[472,617,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Megaraphidia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF8C440FD66FADCCF548592" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[662,827,1403,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquissima" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FD66FADCCEC48592" box="[662,683,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FD49FADCCF548592" box="[697,827,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">antiquissima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FCB2FADDCFFB8592" bold="true" box="[834,916,1402,1426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFF8C440FCB2FADDCFFB8592" box="[834,916,1402,1426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, right wings of the holotype RBCM P1555; B,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF8C440FA71FADCCD7685B6" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquissima" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FA71FADCC9F98592" box="[1409,1430,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FF67FA38CD7685B6" box="[151,281,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">antiquissima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FED0FA39CD1D85B6" bold="true" box="[288,370,1438,1462]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFF8C440FED0FA39CD1D85B6" box="[288,370,1438,1462]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, left wings of same specimen; C,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF8C440FD25FA38CF5F85B6" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[725,816,1439,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ootsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FD25FA38CF5F85B6" box="[725,816,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">M. ootsa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FCC7FA39CFE685B6" bold="true" box="[823,905,1438,1462]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFF8C440FCC7FA39CFE685B6" box="[823,905,1438,1462]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, right hind wing of the holotype RBCM P1556; D,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF8C440FF67FA64CC9D85DA" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,242,1475,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ootsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FF67FA64CC9D85DA" box="[151,242,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">M. ootsa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FF0BFA65CD2285DA" bold="true" box="[251,333,1474,1498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFF8C440FF0BFA65CD2285DA" box="[251,333,1474,1498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, left wings of same specimen; E,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF8C440FD44FA64CF4085DA" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[692,815,1474,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klondika" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FD44FA64CF4085DA" box="[692,815,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">M. klondika</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FCC7FA65CFE585DA" bold="true" box="[823,906,1474,1498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFF8C440FCC7FA65CFE585DA" box="[823,906,1474,1498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, holotype, an overlapping forewing and hind wing SR03-01-01; F,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF8C440FECBFA40CDDA85FE" authority="Archibald & Makarkin, 2021" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[315,437,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klondika" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FECBFA40CDDA85FE" box="[315,437,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">M. klondika</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FE4DFA41CE6185FE" bold="true" box="[445,526,1510,1534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057F1FFF8C440FE4DFA41CE6185FE" box="[445,526,1510,1534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, specimen SR-16-004-001-1. RAf, RA of forewing; Rah, RA of hind wing. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFF8C441FF37F9F7C9E480F9" blockId="14.[151,1437,1616,2039]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
|
Hind wing:
|
|
<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFF8C440FEA3F9F7CDC3866B" box="[339,428,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
|
|
long as preserved (approximately
|
|
<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFF8C440FCCEF9F7CFF8866B" box="[830,919,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
|
|
estimated length),
|
|
<quantity id="4C8F9B7DFFF8C440FB87F9F7C8B1866B" box="[1143,1246,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.75">2.75 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide (estimated length/width: 3.12). Costal space relatively narrow (incompletely preserved); three preserved simple subcostal veinlets, widely spaced. ScP relatively long. One crossvein detected in subcostal space (2scp-r, forming basal margin of pterostigma), straight. Only proximal part of pterostigma, poorly preserved. Two crossveins between RA, RP preserved: 1ra-rp located slightly distad 2r-m; 2ra-rp located slightly distad termination of ScP. RP originating 0.32 estimated wing length, with two preserved pectinate branches. RP1 deeply dichotomously forked, with anterior branch simple, posterior branch shallowly forked; RP2 incompletely preserved. One intraradial crossvein rp1-rp2 between RP1, RP2. Two preserved crossveins between R, M: 1r-m very long, subparallel to R connecting to RP near its origin (its base not preserved); 2r-m connecting stems of RP, MA. M forked proximad origin of RP. MA deeply, dichotomously forked twice. MP: anterior trace slightly zigzagged, simple, with three simple pectinate branches, all long (right wing), two long, one short (left wing). Two intramedian crossveins forming two
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FB66F81FC8D587D2" box="[1174,1210,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">doi</emphasis>
|
|
; basal
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF8C440FAF8F81FC94387D2" box="[1288,1324,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">doi</emphasis>
|
|
markedly shorter than distal. Two crossveins between M and Cu: basal 1m-cu long, curved, somewhat oblique (with its ante- rior end inclined to wing base), connecting M, CuA; 2m-cu straight, with its anterior end inclined toward apex, connecting MP, CuA. Anterior trace of CuA simple distally, with one simple branch. One crossvein (icu) between CuA, CuP long. CuP fused with AA1+2, then AA1 for long distance. AA1 basally fused with AA2. AA3 not preserved.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36D6513FFF9C441FF37FEA4C973823D" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFF9C441FF37FEA4C8C38189" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FF37FEA4CD54811D" bold="true" box="[199,315,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
The broad head of this species is rather similar to that of
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FC24FEA4CF9A811C" box="[980,1013,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">e.g</emphasis>
|
|
., species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF9C441FB76FEA4C977811D" baseAuthorityName="Makarkin & Archibald" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1158,1304,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FB76FEA4C977811D" box="[1158,1304,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Phaeostigma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF9C441FAA2FEA4CDC68141" authority="(Banks, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FAA2FEA4CD6E8140" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Agulla arizonica</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B69FFF9C441FEE1FE80CDCE8141" author="Banks, N." box="[273,417,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="335 - 360" refId="ref21692" refString="Banks, N. (1911) Descriptions of new species of North American neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 37, 335 - 360." type="journal article" year="1911">Banks, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but its shape is not characteristic of most other
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF9C441FC3EFE80C8378141" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[974,1112,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
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, in which the head is clearly narrowed posteriorly (cuneate) (
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FDFAFEECCE448164" box="[522,555,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">e.g</emphasis>
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|
.,
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF9C441FDB3FEECCF448164" authorityName="Archibald & Makarkin" authorityYear="2021" box="[579,811,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ootsa">
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<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FDB3FEECCF448164" box="[579,811,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Megaraphidia ootsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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|
<figureCitation id="134C2A1DFFF9C441FCCCFEECCFF78165" box="[828,920,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1986,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1353,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-459@5.[151,1436,1353,1963]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Megaraphidia ootsa sp. nov., holotype RBCM P1556, specimen as preserved. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655635/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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|
). Some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF9C441FB86FEECC8928165" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[1142,1277,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
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(including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF9C441FA74FEECCD6E8188" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FA74FEECCD6E8188" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">A. arizonica</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), however, show striking variation in head shape (see
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FC92FEC8CFE58188" box="[866,906,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">e.g.</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B69FFF9C441FC69FEC8C83F8189" author="Carpenter, F. M." box="[921,1104,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="89 - 157" refId="ref21922" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1936) Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (recent and fossil). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 71, 89 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20023217" type="journal article" year="1936">Carpenter, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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:
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|
<figureCitation id="134C2A1DFFF9C441FBABFEC8C8F18189" box="[1115,1182,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,181,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[187,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Megaraphidia klondika sp. nov., holotype. A, counterpart UWBM 97073; B, part SR03-01-01; C, forewing venation; D, hind wing venation. Scale bar = 3 mm (all to scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655641/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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|
).
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8BC83698FFF9C441FF37FE34C973823D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
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|
The variation of venation seen in the left and right wings of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CC883AFFF9C441FC75FE34CF8881AD" box="[901,999,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
shows a remarkable example of fluctuating asymmetry (
|
|
<emphasis id="B903EA8AFFF9C441FE92FE10CD1181D0" box="[354,382,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">i.e</emphasis>
|
|
., non-directional deviation from bilateral symmetry:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B69FFF9C441FC20FE10C89F81D2" author="Palmer, A. R. & Strobeck, C." box="[976,1264,439,466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="391 - 421" refId="ref24461" refString="Palmer, A. R. & Strobeck, C. (1986) Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis, patterns. Annual Review of Ecological Systematics, 17, 391 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 17.110186.002135" type="journal article" year="1986">Palmer & Strobeck, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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|
). RP1 is forked only once in the right wing (1), but twice in the left; and the anterior branch of MP is forked once in the right wing, but twice in the left (2) (see
|
|
<figureCitation id="134C2A1DFFF9C441FE3BFE58CE628219" box="[459,525,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[275,1316,200,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[259,1329,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Wing venation of Megaraphidia hopkinsi sp. nov., holotype UWBM77544. A, right forewing; B, left hind wing; C, right forewing; D, left hind wing. Scale bar = 3 mm (all to scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655661/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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|
). Condition (1) occurs very rarely in fossil
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C774D1BFFF9C441FC18FE58C8008219" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[1000,1135,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
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|
in North America (and this is its first record in the early Eocene), and condition (2) is not detected in any other of these specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |