222 lines
24 KiB
XML
222 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8DB853411A6639DA1F5B62035F0BC3AB">Three new species and four new species records of earthworms of the genus Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 (Clitellata: Moniligastridae) from Kerala region of the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="FBC71C7D00EA2E2528D70131D429ABD1">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam - 686560, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="55B561D8552B5C9F18F2EA9B16FD3F45">School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam - 686560, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="70488A18D7F7368C82084BAF68FAB60C">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam - 686560, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7E9A8A8CCA2A558B6D509005CF6D3477">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam - 686560, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DACCFEA2CB6EFEB6" box="[151,367,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Moniligaster perrieri</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1D86BFEA2C869FEB6" box="[560,616,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">sensu</emphasis>
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,”partim” (
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DACCFEBCCB7AFE97" box="[151,379,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Moniligaster beddardi</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DACCFE9FCB9CFEF4" box="[151,413,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Moniligaster cernosvitovi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F2CDE90AFFF1DBFFFE9FC855FEF4" author="Gates, G. E." box="[420,596,317,341]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" pagination="295 - 374" refId="ref12430" refString="Gates, G. E. (1962) On some Burmese earthworms of the Moniligastrid genus Drawida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 127 (5), 295 - 374." type="journal article" year="1962">Gates, 1962: 355</bibRefCitation>
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,
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pro
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<taxonomicName id="4C77F4BFE90AFFF1D8AFFE9CC9F5FEF4" authority="Gates, 1940" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1940" box="[756,1012,317,341]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="beddardi">
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1D8AFFE9CC970FEF4" box="[756,881,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">M. beddardi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F2CDE90AFFF1D923FE9FC9F5FEF4" author="Gates, G. E." box="[888,1012,317,341]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref12401" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42, 487 - 518." type="journal article" year="1940">Gates, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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, non
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<taxonomicName id="4C77F4BFE90AFFF1DE77FE9CCF24FEF4" authority="Rosa, 1890" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1890" box="[1068,1317,317,341]" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Moniligaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="beddardi">
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DE77FE9CCEA8FEF4" box="[1068,1193,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">M. beddardi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F2CDE90AFFF1DEEBFE9FCF24FEF4" author="Rosa, D" box="[1200,1317,317,341]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" refId="ref13619" refString="Rosa, D (1890) Moniligastridi, Geoscolecidi ed Eudrilidi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 29 (Serie 2 a, Vol. IX), 368 - 400, pl. XII." type="book" year="1890">Rosa, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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, (now
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DF30FE9CCB5BFED5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Drawida beddardi</emphasis>
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).
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<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DACCFE03CB66FE1A" bold="true" box="[151,359,417,443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Brief description.</emphasis>
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Colour deep bluish. Dimensions:
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by
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F22D9E90AFFF1D9F9FE00CE30FE1D" box="[930,1073,418,445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="12.75" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.5">12.5–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, segments 216–256. Spermathecal pores large transverse slits, at
|
||
<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1D855FE64C829FE41" box="[526,552,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">cd</emphasis>
|
||
, at intersegmental furrow 7/8. Male pores paired, transverse slits, at media half of
|
||
<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DAEEFE48CACEFDA5" box="[181,207,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">bc</emphasis>
|
||
. Gizzards 4–5, in segments 15–22. Testis sacs in segment 10. Vas deferens coiled into a mass of hairpin loops, mass as large as or larger than testis sac, discharging directly at ectal end of the prostate gland; prostates vertical, U-shaped, capsule tubular with several, low, rounded nodulations. Spermathecal atrial glands in segments 7 and 8, duct of each atrial gland about one fourth the length of common atrial duct, which is stout and thickened entally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DDCB7E90AFFF1DA9CFDDBC81DFD7D" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88F3CE90AFFF1DA9CFDDBC81DFD7D" blockId="10.[151,1437,417,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DA9CFDDBCBB1FD35" bold="true" box="[199,432,633,660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F8561E90AFFF1DBEDFDD8C819FD7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068455316" collectingDate="2017-08-07" collectionCode="ACESSD" collectorName="B. Balachandran & N. G. Vishnu" country="India" county="Idukki District" location="Nemakkad" longitude="10.1444025" municipality="Munnar" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
2 aclitellates (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6617F9E90AFFF1D80BFDD8C8BFFD34" box="[592,702,634,661]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">ACESSD</collectionCode>
|
||
/EW/786), roadside within tea plantation close to shola forest,
|
||
<location id="8EA8D9E7E90AFFF1DF29FDD8CAF1FD19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE3E2AE90AFFF1DACCFF7DCAF7FC31:8EA8D9E7E90AFFF1DF29FDD8CAF1FD19" country="India" county="Idukki District" longitude="10.1444025" municipality="Munnar" name="Nemakkad" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" stateProvince="Kerala">Nemakkad</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43E9FBE90AFFF1DAA4FD3CC846FD18" box="[255,583,670,697]" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" precision="1" seconds="39.85" value="10.1444025">N10°08'39.85" E77°01'56.4"</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAC1546E90AFFF1D801FD3CC8B2FD19" box="[602,691,670,696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Munnar</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
hills,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A9F7B0E90AFFF1D8ACFD3CC99FFD19" box="[759,926,670,696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Idukki District</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B341DEE90AFFF1D9F3FD3CC9F4FD19" box="[936,1013,670,696]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360CFACE90AFFF1DE5AFD3CCE3CFD19" box="[1025,1085,670,696]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC9A9FCE90AFFF1DE13FD3CCEFAFD19" box="[1096,1275,670,696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" value="2017-08-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D5014E90AFFF1DE13FD3CCEFAFD19" box="[1096,1275,670,696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" value="2017-08-07">07 August 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1973 m a.s.l.,
|
||
<collectorName id="2682EAEAE90AFFF1DACCFD60CB53FD7D" box="[151,338,706,732]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">B. Balachandran</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="2682EAEAE90AFFF1DBD3FD60C819FD7D" box="[392,536,706,732]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">N.G. Vishnu</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DDCB7E90AFFF1DA9CFD47C958FC85" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88F3CE90AFFF1DA9CFD47C958FC85" blockId="10.[151,1437,417,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DA9CFD47CB61FCA1" bold="true" box="[199,352,741,768]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360CFACE90AFFF1DB32FD44CBA6FCA1" box="[361,423,742,768]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B341DEE90AFFF1DBE8FD44C842FCA1" box="[435,579,742,768]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Idukki District: Nemakkad (present record) in Munnar hills (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C93B9E90AFFF1DF5EFD44CF4CFCA1" box="[1285,1357,742,768]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,192,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[206,1381,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of sampling localities of species of Moniligaster recorded in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636250/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DF38FD44CAE3FC85" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Elsewhere.</emphasis>
|
||
Kodaikanal, Shembaganur in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B341DEE90AFFF1D86EFCA8C8BBFC85" box="[565,698,778,804]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F2CDE90AFFF1D893FCA8C94CFC85" author="Gates, G. E." box="[712,845,778,804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref12401" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42, 487 - 518." type="journal article" year="1940">Gates 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DDCB7E90AFFF1DA9CFC8CCAF7FC31" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88F3CE90AFFF1DA9CFC8CCAF7FC31" blockId="10.[151,1437,417,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903532EE90AFFF1DA9CFC8CCB3AFCE9" bold="true" box="[199,315,814,840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is recorded for the first time from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B341DEE90AFFF1D939FC8CC9B1FCE9" box="[866,944,814,840]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It was previously known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B341DEE90AFFF1DF00FC8CCAD5FCCD" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F2CDE90AFFF1DABEFCF0CB6AFCCD" author="Gates, G. E." box="[229,363,850,876]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" pagination="487 - 518" refId="ref12401" refString="Gates, G. E. (1940) Indian earthworms XIII. The genus Moniligaster. Records of the Indian Museum, 42, 487 - 518." type="journal article" year="1940">Gates 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B341DEE90AFFF1DBFAFCF0CBEFFCCD" box="[417,494,850,876]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it is confined to the higher altitude shola-grassland ecosystem of Nemakkad near Munnar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |