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173 KiB
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1103 lines
173 KiB
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<mods:title id="43EDD0A0D2C346B7D578210499363B68">A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F05F94ACB847EEC631B76D172B28E998">Lambert, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1081471105FFC9F3069361D7847181BE">D. O. Terre et Histoire de la Vie, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 29 rue Vautier, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) olivier. lambert @ naturalsciences. be (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E9A35B14A9AFE3864FCD1B5F8C28D80">Collareta, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1BACFD14B40E9479995C33E11AFE12EA">Benites-Palomino, Aldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F01E375BA8864DAFD50A3EDFCDF70F6B">Department of Paleontology, University of Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, CH- 8006 Zürich (Switzerland) Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, P- 15072 Lima 11 (Peru) aldo. benitespalomino @ uzh. ch</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4254265B497FD81189C9AE605B3370C1">Bennion, Rebecca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2487B3AE09D3512B35C08D8AD2886981">D. O. Terre et Histoire de la Vie, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 29 rue Vautier, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) and Evolution & Diversity Dynamics Lab, UR Geology, Université de Liège, 14 Allée du 6 Août, B- 4000 Liège (Belgium) r. bennion @ uliege. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7825C89E450322CC5EA45CC1885F4E35">Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, P- 15072 Lima (Peru) mariourbina 01 @ hotmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B2D7EA5F2523DE77A04D8E392293FBB">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) and Museo di Storia Naturale, Università di Pisa, via Roma 79, I- 56011 Calci (Italy) giovanni. bianucci @ unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB3DB33E6EC686FCBD4F8D7" box="[410,497,1842,1869]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionStartId-1="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionStartId-2="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" captionStartId-3="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionStartId-4="12.[132,143,1515,1532]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1433,216,1139]" captionTargetBox-3="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetBox-4="[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetId-0="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetId-1="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetId-2="figure-463@10.[134,1453,213,1120]" captionTargetId-3="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetId-4="figure-284@12.[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (A) and left (B) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228770" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10228770/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">Figs 2-6</figureCitation>
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)
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB3DB33E61F68E5C818F84B" author="DI CELMA C. & MALINVERNO E. & COLLARETA A. & BOSIO G. & GARIBOLDI K. & LAMBERT O. & LANDINI W. & PIERANTONI P. P. & GIONCADA A. & VILLA I." box="[361,573,1976,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" pagination="257 - 268" refId="ref14037" refString="DI CELMA C., MALINVERNO E., COLLARETA A., BOSIO G., GARIBOLDI K., LAMBERT O., LANDINI W., PIERANTONI P. P., GIONCADA A. & VILLA I. 2018. - Facies analysis, stratigraphy and marine vertebrate assemblage of the lower Miocene Chilcatay Formation at Ullujaya (Pisco basin, Peru). Journal of Maps 14 (2): 257 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17445647.2018.1456490" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Di Celma
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<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB3DB33E6A568E4C821F84B" box="[467,516,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: main map (supplemental material file #3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB3DB33E45B684DCF36F8B3" blockId="6.[813,1299,1808,1832]" box="[813,1299,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D010DFFB3DB33E45B684DCF36F8B3" box="[813,1299,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB3DB33E43C684DC9D7F8B3" box="[842,1010,1808,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB3DB33E43C684DC9EAF8B3" box="[842,975,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">Diaphorocetus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC0032FFB3DB33E37C684DCF36F8B3" author="BIANUCCI G. & COLLARETA A. & BOSIO G. & LANDINI W. & GARIBOLDI K. & GIONCADA A. & LAMBERT O. & MALINVERNO E. & MUIZON C. DE & VARAS-MALCA R. & VILLA I. M. & COLETTI G. & URBINA M. & DI CELMA C." box="[1034,1299,1808,1832]" page="262" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB3DB33E37C684DCF2AF8B3" author="BIANUCCI G. & COLLARETA A. & BOSIO G. & LANDINI W. & GARIBOLDI K. & GIONCADA A. & LAMBERT O. & MALINVERNO E. & MUIZON C. DE & VARAS-MALCA R. & VILLA I. M. & COLETTI G. & URBINA M. & DI CELMA C." box="[1034,1295,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" pagination="256 - 279" refId="ref12561" refString="BIANUCCI G., COLLARETA A., BOSIO G., LANDINI W., GARIBOLDI K., GIONCADA A., LAMBERT O., MALINVERNO E., MUIZON C. DE, VARAS-MALCA R., VILLA I. M., COLETTI G., URBINA M. & DI CELMA C. 2018 b. - Taphonomy and palaeoecology of the lower Miocene marine vertebrate assemblage of Ullujaya (Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, southern Peru). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 511: 256 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2018.08.013" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Bianucci
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB3DB33E313684CCEB1F8B3" box="[1125,1172,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018b: 262
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB3DB33E45B6819CF1AF8C7" blockId="6.[813,1343,1860,1884]" box="[813,1343,1860,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D010DFFB3DB33E45B6819CF1AF8C7" box="[813,1343,1860,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB3DB33E43C6819C9D7F8C7" box="[842,1010,1860,1884]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB3DB33E43C6819C9EAF8C7" box="[842,975,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">Diaphorocetus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC0032FFB3DB33E37C6819CF1AF8C7" author="BIANUCCI G. & COLLARETA A." box="[1034,1343,1860,1884]" page="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB3DB33E37C6819CF1EF8C7" author="BIANUCCI G. & COLLARETA A." box="[1034,1339,1860,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" pagination="19 - 60" refId="ref12373" refString="BIANUCCI G. & COLLARETA A. 2022. - An overview of the fossil record of cetaceans from the East Pisco Basin (Peru). Bolletino de la Societa Paleontologica Italiana 61: 19 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.4435 / BSPI. 2022.04" type="journal article" year="2022">Bianucci & Collareta 2022: 36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30775A8FFB3DB32E45B6825C814FBCE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="664" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB3DB32E45B6825C814FBCE" blockId="6.[813,1456,1912,2027]" lastBlockId="7.[131,776,980,1110]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="664" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFB3DB33E45B6825C9B2F815" baselines="1929,1930" box="[813,919,1912,1935]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB3DB33E4B36825CEB5F814" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[965,1168,1912,1936]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB3DB33E4B36825CEB5F814" box="[965,1168,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">Diaphorocetus ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFB3DB33E3E06825CEE9F814" box="[1174,1228,1912,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a small- to medium-sized physeteroid (BZW
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB3DB33E35768CACE14F835" box="[1057,1073,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB3DB33E34068CBCEA9F835" box="[1078,1164,1942,1966]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
|
||
) differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB3DB33E25C68CBC95EF856" authorityName="MLP" baseAuthorityName="Moreno" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB3DB33E25C68CBC95EF856" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="663">Diaphorocetus poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following cranial characters: smaller cranial dimensions; higher number of alveoli per length unit along the alveolar groove (5.2-5.4/
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB2DB32E6526C89CB58FC77" box="[292,381,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
), most likely resulting in a higher tooth count (>18 per upper toothrow); right premaxillary foramen located posterior to the level of the antorbital notch; and absence of a large dorsal infraorbital foramen in the posterodorsal region of the right maxilla, nearly in line with the nuchal crest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81" ID-Table-UUID="DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" startId="7.[131,142,219,236]" subCaptionStartIDs="7.[717,835,265,282]" subCaptionStarts="Abbr" targetBox="[134,1427,340,903]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81" blockId="7.[131,1456,219,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFB2DB32E7F56F86CA97FF77" baselines="232,233" box="[131,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
1. — Cranial measurements (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E5756F86C89EFF77" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[515,699,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E5756F86C89EFF77" box="[515,699,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Diaphorocetus ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFB2DB32E5B46F86C8D6FF77" box="[706,755,219,236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru), compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB2DB32E7D56FAFCAE2FE98" box="[163,199,242,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E7946FAFC872FE98" authority="(Moreno, 1892) MLP" authorityName="MLP" baseAuthorityName="Moreno" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[226,599,242,259]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E7946FAFCB8CFE98" box="[226,425,242,259]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Diaphorocetus poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
(Moreno, 1892) MLP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5-6 (Gaiman Formation, Puerto Madryn,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D9E8C1FFB2DB32E4DD6FAFC9C9FE98" box="[939,1004,242,259]" country="Argentina" name="Chubut" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Chubut</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A66B3FFB2DB32E4856FAFCE63FE98" box="[1011,1094,242,259]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Part of the measurements for MLP 5-6 are taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB2DB32E7956E54CBB5FE81" author="PAOLUCCI F. & BUONO M. R. & FERNANDEZ M. S. & MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I." box="[227,400,265,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref15828" refString="PAOLUCCI F., BUONO M. R., FERNANDEZ M. S., MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I. 2020. - Diaphorocetus poucheti (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteroidea) from Patagonia, Argentina: one of the earliest sperm whales. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 (4): 335 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2019.1605544" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Paolucci
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E6466E54CB7CFE81" box="[304,345,265,282]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; others were taken based on photos. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E43F6E54C971FE81" bold="true" box="[841,852,265,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+</emphasis>
|
||
, incomplete;
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E4B06E54C9F4FE81" bold="true" box="[966,977,265,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">e</emphasis>
|
||
, estimate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E35A6E54CE10FE81" bold="true" box="[1068,1077,265,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">–</emphasis>
|
||
, no data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E4086E09CF3BFC1C" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<table id="F91DD483FFB224CAE7F06E09CFB6FC1C" box="[134,1427,340,903]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06E09CFB6FEF3" box="[134,1427,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246E09CE6FFEF3" box="[850,1098,340,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E4086E09CE3AFEF3" bold="true" box="[894,1055,340,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E4086E09C9C4FEF3" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[894,993,340,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E4086E09C9C4FEF3" bold="true" box="[894,993,340,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">D. ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFB2DB32E4916E09CE3AFEF3" box="[999,1055,340,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6E09CFB6FEF3" box="[1163,1427,340,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E3A36E09CF6CFEF3" authority="MUSM" authorityName="MUSM" box="[1237,1353,340,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E3A36E09CF6CFEF3" bold="true" box="[1237,1353,340,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">D. poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06E30CFB6FE1A" box="[134,1427,365,385]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246E30CE6FFE1A" box="[850,1098,365,385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E42A6E30CE65FE1A" bold="true" box="[860,1088,365,385]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">MUSM 3246 (holotype)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6E30CFB6FE1A" box="[1163,1427,365,385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E3C66E30CF4AFE1A" bold="true" box="[1200,1391,365,385]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">MLP 5-6 (holotype)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06ECCCFB6FE3E" box="[134,1427,401,421]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06ECCC920FE3E" box="[134,773,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Condylobasal length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246ECCCE6FFE3E" box="[850,1098,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+764</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6ECCCFB6FE3E" box="[1163,1427,401,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+820</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06EF4CFB6FE26" box="[134,1427,425,445]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06EF4C920FE26" box="[134,773,425,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Rostrum length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246EF4CE6FFE26" box="[850,1098,425,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+434</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6EF4CFB6FE26" box="[1163,1427,425,445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+491.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06E9CCFB6FE4E" box="[134,1427,449,469]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06E9CC920FE4E" box="[134,773,449,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Neurocranium length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246E9CCE6FFE4E" box="[850,1098,449,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">330 (e)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6E9CCFB6FE4E" box="[1163,1427,449,469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+325.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06E84CFB6FE76" box="[134,1427,473,493]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06E84C920FE76" box="[134,773,473,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Width of rostrum along anterior cross section</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246E84CE6FFE76" box="[850,1098,473,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">72</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6E84CFB6FE76" box="[1163,1427,473,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06EACCFB6FD9E" box="[134,1427,497,517]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06EACC920FD9E" box="[134,773,497,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Width of rostrum 250 mm anterior to antorbital notch</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246EACCE6FFD9E" box="[850,1098,497,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">91</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6EACCFB6FD9E" box="[1163,1427,497,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">180 (e)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06D54CFB6FD86" box="[134,1427,521,541]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06D54C920FD86" box="[134,773,521,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Height of maxilla 250 mm anterior to antorbital notch</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246D54CE6FFD86" box="[850,1098,521,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">e32</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6D54CFB6FD86" box="[1163,1427,521,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">40 (e)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06D7CCFB6FDAE" box="[134,1427,545,565]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06D7CC920FDAE" box="[134,773,545,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Width of rostrum at base</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246D7CCE6FFDAE" box="[850,1098,545,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">290 (e)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6D7CCFB6FDAE" box="[1163,1427,545,565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+388</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06D64CFB6FDD6" box="[134,1427,569,589]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06D64C920FDD6" box="[134,773,569,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Maximum width of ventral exposure of vomer on rostrum</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246D64CE6FFDD6" box="[850,1098,569,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">28</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6D64CFB6FDD6" box="[1163,1427,569,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">44.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06D0FCFB6FDFD" box="[134,1427,594,614]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06D0FC920FDFD" box="[134,773,594,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Transverse width of right bony naris</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246D0FCE6FFDFD" box="[850,1098,594,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">18</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6D0FCFB6FDFD" box="[1163,1427,594,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06D37CFB6FDE5" box="[134,1427,618,638]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06D37C920FDE5" box="[134,773,618,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Transverse width of left bony naris</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246D37CE6FFDE5" box="[850,1098,618,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">39 (e)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6D37CFB6FDE5" box="[1163,1427,618,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06DDFCFB6FD0D" box="[134,1427,642,662]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06DDFC920FD0D" box="[134,773,642,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Maximum posterior width of supracranial basin</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246DDFCE6FFD0D" box="[850,1098,642,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">235 (e)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6DDFCFB6FD0D" box="[1163,1427,642,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">278.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06DC7CFB6FD35" box="[134,1427,666,686]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06DC7C920FD35" box="[134,773,666,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Minimum distance between temporal fossae across occipital shield</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246DC7CE6FFD35" box="[850,1098,666,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">202 (e)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6DC7CFB6FD35" box="[1163,1427,666,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">225.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06DEFCFB6FD5D" box="[134,1427,690,710]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06DEFC920FD5D" box="[134,773,690,710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Mediolateral width of left temporal fossa</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246DEFCE6FFD5D" box="[850,1098,690,710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+120</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6DEFCFB6FD5D" box="[1163,1427,690,710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06D97CFB6FD45" box="[134,1427,714,734]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06D97C920FD45" box="[134,773,714,734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Bizygomatic width</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246D97CE6FFD45" box="[850,1098,714,734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+470</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6D97CFB6FD45" box="[1163,1427,714,734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">522.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06DBFCFB6FD6D" box="[134,1427,738,758]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06DBFC920FD6D" box="[134,773,738,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Distance between ventromedial margins of paroccipital processes</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246DBFCE6FFD6D" box="[850,1098,738,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">253</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6DBFCFB6FD6D" box="[1163,1427,738,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">350 (e)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06DA7CFB6FC95" box="[134,1427,762,782]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06DA7C920FC95" box="[134,773,762,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Width of occipital condyles</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246DA7CE6FFC95" box="[850,1098,762,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+128</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6DA7CFB6FC95" box="[1163,1427,762,782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">137.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06C4FCFB6FCBD" box="[134,1427,786,806]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06C4FC920FCBD" box="[134,773,786,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Number of preserved maxillary alveoli on left side</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246C4FCE6FFCBD" box="[850,1098,786,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">18/336 mm = 5.4/100 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6C4FCFB6FCBD" box="[1163,1427,786,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">6/143 mm (e) = 4.2/100 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06C77CFB6FCA5" box="[134,1427,810,830]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06C77C920FCA5" box="[134,773,810,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Number of preserved maxillary alveoli on right side</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246C77CE6FFCA5" box="[850,1098,810,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">18/347 mm = 5.2/100 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6C77CFB6FCA5" box="[1163,1427,810,830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">7/190 mm (e) = 3.7/100 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06C1FCFB6FCCD" box="[134,1427,834,854]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06C1FC920FCCD" box="[134,773,834,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Range of transverse diameters for maxillary alveoli</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246C1FCE6FFCCD" box="[850,1098,834,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">13-18</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6C1FCFB6FCCD" box="[1163,1427,834,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06C06CFB6FCF4" box="[134,1427,859,879]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06C06C920FCF4" box="[134,773,859,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Range of lengths for interalveolar septa</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246C06CE6FFCF4" box="[850,1098,859,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">2.5-11</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6C06CFB6FCF4" box="[1163,1427,859,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">7-11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D2461FFB224CAE7F06C2ECFB6FC1C" box="[134,1427,883,903]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<th id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE7F06C2EC920FC1C" box="[134,773,883,903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Length of upper alveolar groove</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE4246C2ECE6FFC1C" box="[850,1098,883,903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+347</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC4D1DFFB224CAE3FD6C2ECFB6FC1C" box="[1163,1427,883,903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">+287.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30775A8FFB2DB32E7F26B33C922FA05" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F26B33C8E5FB74" blockId="7.[132,776,1133,1263]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
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<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB2DB32E7F26B33CACAFB1F" box="[132,239,1134,1157]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBB8E58FFB2DB32E6686B30CB8DFB1E" box="[286,424,1133,1157]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">MUSM 3246</specimenCode>
|
||
, a partly complete cranium lacking the distal tip of the rostrum, lateral portions of the neurocranium (including most of the supraorbital processes and part of the zygomatic processes of the squamosals), most of the occipital shield, teeth, and ear bones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB2DB32E6206B8ACB80FB74" box="[342,421,1239,1263]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionStartId-1="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionStartId-2="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" captionStartId-3="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionStartId-4="12.[132,143,1515,1532]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1433,216,1139]" captionTargetBox-3="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetBox-4="[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetId-0="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetId-1="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetId-2="figure-463@10.[134,1453,213,1120]" captionTargetId-3="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetId-4="figure-284@12.[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (A) and left (B) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228770" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10228770/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Figs 2-6</figureCitation>
|
||
; Appendix 2 for 3D model).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F26A5AC922FAA2" blockId="7.[130,776,1287,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
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<collectionCode id="ED0CBEE6FFB2DB32E7F26A5ACA90FA86" box="[132,181,1287,1310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">TYPE</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED0CBEE6FFB2DB32E7CF6A51CB34FA86" box="[185,273,1292,1309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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||
. —
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B752C7EFFB2DB32E64F6A5AC922FAA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4443472301" collectionCode="B" country="Peru" latitude="-14.585005" location="Ullujaya" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.63516" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" specimenCode="MUSM 3246" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="East Pisco Basin" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8EC270F8FFB2DB32E64F6A5ACBA9FA84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B49735FFB3DB3AE658684CCF21FD8B:8EC270F8FFB2DB32E64F6A5ACBA9FA84" box="[313,396,1287,1311]" country="Peru" latitude="-14.585005" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.63516" name="Ullujaya" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" stateProvince="East Pisco Basin">Ullujaya</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D9E8C1FFB2DB32E6E56A5AC80EFA84" box="[403,555,1287,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">East Pisco Basin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A66B3FFB2DB32E5A06A5AC920FA85" box="[726,773,1287,1310]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Geographic coordinates:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2940E4FFB2DB32E60E6A7CC82FFAA2" box="[376,522,1313,1337]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" precision="1" seconds="06.02" value="-14.585005">14°35’06.02”S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2940E4FFB2DB32E5626A7CC886FAA2" box="[532,675,1313,1337]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" precision="1" seconds="06.6" value="-75.63516">75°38’06.6”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB2DB32E5C76A7CC8DEFAA2" box="[689,763,1313,1337]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1577,1594]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,215,1538]" captionTargetId="graphics-115@6.[147,1445,216,1531]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geographic and geological setting. A, Location of the main outcrops of the Chilcatay Formation along the southern coast of Peru. B, Simplified map providing the position of Ullujaya (the type locality of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp.) alongside other highly fossiliferous sites of the Ica desert (including Zamaca, the type locality of Rhaphicetus valenciae Lambert,Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci, 2020). C, Schematic stratigraphic column of the Cenozoic succession exposed in the East Pisco Basin. D, Simplified stratigraphic section of the Chilcatay Formation in Ullujaya, showing the exact position of the holotype of D. ortegai n. sp. in the Ct1 allomember, Ct1a facies association.E, Simplified stratigraphic section of the Chilcatay Formation in Zamaca,showing the exact position of the holotype of R. valenciae in the Ct1 allomember, Ct1a facies association. Both sections D and E include positions of ash layers dated with 40Ar/39Ar and shell-rich beds dated with 87Sr/86Sr along with the corresponding age estimates (after Bosio et al. 2022). Maps and sections modified from Bianucci et al. (2018b), Di Celma et al. (2018, 2019), Bosio et al. (2020, 2022), and Lambert et al. (2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228756/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
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</figureCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F26A0CC922FA05" blockId="7.[131,775,1361,1438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
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<collectionCode id="ED0CBEE6FFB2DB32E7F26A0CCA90FAFC" box="[132,181,1361,1384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">TYPE</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED0CBEE6FFB2DB32E7CC6A0BCB31FAFC" box="[186,276,1366,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">HORIZON</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED0CBEE6FFB2DB32E6306A0BCB4EFAFC" box="[326,363,1366,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">AGE</collectionCode>
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||
. — Chilcatay Formation, Ct1 allomember,
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E7F56A36CA97FA18" box="[131,178,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Ct1a</emphasis>
|
||
facies association. The age of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB2DB32E6886A31C80DFA1F" box="[510,552,1388,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">type</typeStatus>
|
||
horizon is constrained to the 18.8-18.3 Ma interval (see above for more details;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB2DB32E5DB6ADBC8DEFA05" box="[685,763,1414,1438]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1577,1594]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,215,1538]" captionTargetId="graphics-115@6.[147,1445,216,1531]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geographic and geological setting. A, Location of the main outcrops of the Chilcatay Formation along the southern coast of Peru. B, Simplified map providing the position of Ullujaya (the type locality of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp.) alongside other highly fossiliferous sites of the Ica desert (including Zamaca, the type locality of Rhaphicetus valenciae Lambert,Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci, 2020). C, Schematic stratigraphic column of the Cenozoic succession exposed in the East Pisco Basin. D, Simplified stratigraphic section of the Chilcatay Formation in Ullujaya, showing the exact position of the holotype of D. ortegai n. sp. in the Ct1 allomember, Ct1a facies association.E, Simplified stratigraphic section of the Chilcatay Formation in Zamaca,showing the exact position of the holotype of R. valenciae in the Ct1 allomember, Ct1a facies association. Both sections D and E include positions of ash layers dated with 40Ar/39Ar and shell-rich beds dated with 87Sr/86Sr along with the corresponding age estimates (after Bosio et al. 2022). Maps and sections modified from Bianucci et al. (2018b), Di Celma et al. (2018, 2019), Bosio et al. (2020, 2022), and Lambert et al. (2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228756/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30775A8FFB2DB32E7F26AEBCBEBF9C9" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F26AEBCBEBF9C9" blockId="7.[131,775,1461,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFB2DB32E7F26AEBCADBFA57" baselines="1479,1480" box="[132,254,1462,1485]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — The eponymous name honours Prof. Dr. Hernán Ortega, Peruvian ichthyologist and former director of the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, for his continuous support of palaeontology in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A66B3FFB2DB32E55D6958C87FF987" box="[555,602,1541,1564]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, especially during the early years of the Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados at the Museo de Historia Natural.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30775A8FFB2DB3AE7F2692ECF21FD8B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="672" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F2692ECB30F910" blockId="7.[130,777,1651,2028]" box="[132,277,1651,1677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFB2DB32E7F2692ECB30F910" baselines="1670,1670" box="[132,277,1651,1677]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F269CFCB84F937" blockId="7.[130,777,1651,2028]" box="[132,417,1682,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E7F269CFCB84F937" box="[132,417,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">General cranial morphology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E7F269EECE81FBD5" blockId="7.[130,777,1651,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[811,1457,980,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">In addition to missing the anterior tip of the rostrum, lateral and posterodorsal portions of the neurocranium, MUSM 3246 is characterized by damaged surfaces, with many post-mortem fractures, especially on the dorsal surface of the rostrum and walls of the supracranial basin, as well as the zygomatic arches. The dorsal surface of the anterior part of the rostrum has been heavily abraded, due to prolonged exposure to weathering in the present-day desert environment. In addition to the truncation of the rostrum, part of the premaxillae has been lost medially along the dorsal portion. Bone surfaces are better preserved ventrally, but a thin layer of sediment has been retained in several places, e.g. in the right orbital region and posterolateral parts of the palate, due to low visual contrast with the underlying spongy bones.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB32E4356B09CE3AF830" blockId="7.[811,1457,980,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
Considering the closed (but not fused) sutures for all the preserved cranial bones, their general robustness, the well-defined mandibular dental alveoli, and the presence of embrasure pits along the palatal surface of the right maxilla (see below), the ontogenetic stage of the individual represented by this cranium is interpreted as adult or subadult. With an estimated BZW of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB2DB32E48C6A4ECE7CFAB5" box="[1018,1113,1299,1326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
|
||
, this medium-sized physeteroid was close in cranial width to specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E22C6A6EC9E1FAF6" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E22C6A6EC9E1FAF6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Rhaphicetus valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BZW =
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB2DB32E3476A0ECEAAFAF5" box="[1073,1167,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" unit="mm" value="505.0">505 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB2DB32E3C36A0ECF3CFAF6" box="[1205,1305,1363,1389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E25B6A0ECE42FA16" authority="Van Beneden, 1869" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Placoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duboisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E25B6A0EC95EFA16" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Placoziphius duboisi</emphasis>
|
||
Van Beneden, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BZW roughly estimated at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB2DB32E4596ACEC9A8FA35" box="[815,909,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" unit="mm" value="490.0">490 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB2DB32E4C46ACECE33FA36" box="[946,1046,1427,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E32F6ACEC940FA56" authority="Cope, 1867" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Orycterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocodilinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E32F6ACECF43FA36" box="[1113,1382,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Orycterocetus crocodilinus</emphasis>
|
||
Cope, 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BZW =
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB2DB32E4B86AEECE0FFA56" box="[974,1066,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" unit="mm" value="485.0">485 mm</quantity>
|
||
in USNM 22926). Using the BZW equation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB2DB32E4D86A8ECEC0FA76" author="PYENSON N. D. & SPONBERG S. N." box="[942,1253,1491,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" pagination="269 - 288" refId="ref16321" refString="PYENSON N. D. & SPONBERG S. N. 2011. - Reconstructing body size in extinct crown Cetacea (Neoceti) using allometry, phylogenetic methods and tests from the fossil record. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 18 (4): 269 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 011 - 9170 - 1" type="journal article" year="2011">Pyenson & Sponberg (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for stem physeteroids, body length of MUSM 3246 is estimated to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB2DB32E22E6AAFCF8EF996" box="[1368,1451,1522,1549]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" unit="m" value="4.54">4.54 m</quantity>
|
||
. Most cranial dimensions are smaller than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB2DB32E242694FCFB1F9B7" box="[1332,1428,1554,1580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E45A696FCE3EF9D7" box="[812,1051,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E45A696FCE3EF9D7" box="[812,1051,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Diaphorocetus poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69F1398FFB2DB32E35D696FCE5FF9D6" box="[1067,1146,1586,1613]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[131,142,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. — Cranial measurements (in mm) of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru), compared to the type of Diaphorocetus poucheti (Moreno, 1892) MLP 5-6 (Gaiman Formation, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina). Part of the measurements for MLP 5-6 are taken from Paolucci et al. (2020); others were taken based on photos. Abbreviations: +, incomplete; e, estimate; –, no data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" tableUuid="DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB2DB32E3F0696FCF72F9D6" author="PAOLUCCI F. & BUONO M. R. & FERNANDEZ M. S. & MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I." box="[1158,1367,1586,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref15828" refString="PAOLUCCI F., BUONO M. R., FERNANDEZ M. S., MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I. 2020. - Diaphorocetus poucheti (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteroidea) from Patagonia, Argentina: one of the earliest sperm whales. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 (4): 335 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2019.1605544" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Paolucci
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E390696ECF3DF9D7" box="[1254,1304,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, to an even greater extent,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB2DB32E36B690FC98CF917" authority="(Paolucci et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Paolucci" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" genus="Cozzuoliphyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rionegrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E36B690FCF60F9F7" box="[1053,1349,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Cozzuoliphyseter rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB2DB32E223690FC987F917" author="PAOLUCCI F. & FERNANDEZ M. S. & BUONO M. R. & CUITINO J. I." pageId="7" pageNumber="664" pagination="1293 - 1322" refId="ref15902" refString="PAOLUCCI F., FERNANDEZ M. S., BUONO M. R. & CUITINO J. I. 2021. - ' Aulophyseter ' rionegrensis (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Physeteroidea) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina): a reappraisal. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (4): 1293 - 1322. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa 137" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Paolucci
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB2DB32E45B692EC944F917" box="[813,865,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since the rostrum is truncated at a level where its lateral margins are parallel and distant from each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB2DB32E44069EFC952F957" box="[822,887,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB2DB32E4F369EFC9B6F957" box="[901,915,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), it was markedly longer than the neurocranium. The proximal portion of the rostrum is much wider than high in cross section (defined as the platyrostrine condition). In lateral view, the ventral outline of the rostrum is moderately convex in its anterior preserved portion, which is slightly anterodorsally recurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB2DB32E3C6680CCED5F8F7" box="[1200,1264,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,216,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-463@10.[134,1453,213,1120]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); it becomes distinctly concave in its most proximal region, thus drawing a typical sigmoid shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB2DB3FE43568ECCBA7F936" blockId="7.[811,1457,980,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[130,777,1299,2028]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="667" pageId="7" pageNumber="664">
|
||
With the nuchal crest being rectilinear in dorsal view, the supracranial basin has a sub-rectangular posterior outline, as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBDDB3DE7AE682CC87EF810" authority="Kellogg, 1927" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1927" box="[216,603,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Aulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morricei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBDDB3DE7AE682CCB9DF810" box="[216,440,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">Aulophyseter morricei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFBDDB3DE6C9682CC87EF810" author="KELLOGG R." box="[447,603,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref14368" refString="KELLOGG R. 1927. - Study of the skull of a fossil sperm-whale from the Temblor Miocene of southern California. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 346: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1927">Kellogg, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBDDB3DE511682FC925F810" box="[615,768,1906,1932]" class="Mammalia" genus="Cozzuoliphyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rionegrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBDDB3DE511682FC925F810" box="[615,768,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">C. rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBDDB3DE7F268CFCADAF830" box="[132,255,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBDDB3DE7F268CFCADAF830" box="[132,255,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">D. poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, to a lesser extent,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBDDB3DE57E68CFC8A3F830" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" box="[520,646,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBDDB3DE57E68CFC8A3F830" box="[520,646,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">R. valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(where it is more rounded on the left side). The basin ends posteriorly before the level of the squamosal fossa, and laterally before the level of the antorbital notch (outline of posteromedial margin of left antorbital notch partly preserved in lateral view) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBDDB3DE40F68ECC99EF850" box="[889,955,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBDDB3DE4BD68ECC9FCF857" box="[971,985,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBDDB3DE49E68ECC9D3F850" box="[1000,1014,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1515,1532]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-284@12.[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (A) and left (B) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228770/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior wall of the basin is low, with the nuchal crest reaching barely higher dorsally than the temporal fossa,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBCDB3CE62B68CCCB88F837" box="[349,429,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="666" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
above the dorsal margin of the right bony naris. This corresponds to a basin that is much less dorsally extended than in e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBCDB3CE6B9688CC8A0F877" box="[463,645,2001,2028]" class="Mammalia" genus="Acrophyseter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBCDB3CE6B9688CC86AF870" box="[463,591,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="666">Acrophyseter</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBCDB3CE5E7688CC9E9F830" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1867" box="[657,972,1937,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Orycterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocodilinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBCDB3CE5E7688CC9E9F830" box="[657,972,1937,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="666">Orycterocetus crocodilinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBCDB3CE37168CCCF89F837" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1031,1452,1937,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Physeter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBCDB3CE37168CCCEDDF830" box="[1031,1272,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="666">Physeter macrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsomedial elevation of the medial margin of the left premaxilla just anterior to the left premaxillary foramen suggests that the supracranial basin did not extend for a long distance along the rostrum base, a condition shared with most other extinct physeteroids. This interpretation is further supported by the proportions of the rostrum, which is tapered in its proximal region, and as such, much narrower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBFDB3FE7F26AE9C822FA76" authority="(Lambert, Bianucci, Post, Muizon, Salas-Gismondi, Urbina & Reumer, 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Lambert, Bianucci, Post, Muizon, Salas-Gismondi, Urbina & Reumer" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Mammalia" genus="Livyatan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melvillei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE7F26AE9CB64FA56" box="[132,321,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">Livyatan melvillei</emphasis>
|
||
(Lambert, Bianucci, Post, Muizon, Salas-Gismondi, Urbina & Reumer, 2010)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBFDB3FE54E6A89C8C4FA76" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[568,737,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Physeter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE54E6A89C8C4FA76" box="[568,737,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">P. macrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for its preserved anterior part. As in all other physeteroids, the left bony naris is much larger than the right (ratio between transverse width of right and left naris is estimated at 0.46;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69F1398FFBFDB3FE7F2690FCAF3F9F7" box="[132,214,1618,1644]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[131,142,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. — Cranial measurements (in mm) of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru), compared to the type of Diaphorocetus poucheti (Moreno, 1892) MLP 5-6 (Gaiman Formation, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina). Part of the measurements for MLP 5-6 are taken from Paolucci et al. (2020); others were taken based on photos. Abbreviations: +, incomplete; e, estimate; –, no data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" tableUuid="DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The right naris is displaced to the left side of the sagittal plane of the skull, in line with the posterior tract of the mesorostral groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6276ABFFBDDB3DE7F269ABC979F8AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" startId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" targetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBDDB3DE7F269ABC979F8AF" blockId="8.[132,1455,1782,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFBDDB3DE7F269ABCAB8F89D" baselines="1795,1795" box="[132,157,1782,1799]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 2. — Cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBDDB3DE64269ABCBC9F89C" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[308,492,1782,1799]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBDDB3DE64269ABCBC9F89C" box="[308,492,1782,1799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="665">Diaphorocetus ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFBDDB3DE68769ABC804F89C" box="[497,545,1782,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="665" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6276ABFFBCDB3CE7F26863CF8BF8FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="666" startId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" targetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBCDB3CE7F26863CF8BF8FE" blockId="9.[132,1455,1854,1893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="666">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFBCDB3CE7F26863CAB8F8D5" baselines="1867,1867" box="[132,157,1854,1871]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="9" pageNumber="666">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 3. — Cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBCDB3CE6426863CBCEF8D4" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[308,491,1854,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBCDB3CE6426863CBCEF8D4" box="[308,491,1854,1871]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="666">Diaphorocetus ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFBCDB3CE6866863C83AF8D4" box="[496,543,1854,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="666" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6276ABFFBFDB3FE7F26BC5CAD0FB4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10228762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" startId="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" targetBox="[152,1433,216,1139]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBFDB3FE7F26BC5CAD0FB4D" blockId="10.[132,1457,1176,1238]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFBFDB3FE7F26BC5CAB8FB33" baselines="1189,1189" box="[132,157,1176,1193]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 4
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFBFDB3FE7C46BC5CAEEFB33" baselines="1189,1189" box="[178,203,1176,1193]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 4. — Cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBFDB3FE6146BC5C83CFB32" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[354,537,1176,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE6146BC5C83CFB32" box="[354,537,1176,1193]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">Diaphorocetus ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFBFDB3FE5686BC5C86BFB32" box="[542,590,1176,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE3B56BC5CEF5FB32" bold="true" box="[1219,1232,1176,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and right (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE25B6BC5CF1FFB32" bold="true" box="[1325,1338,1176,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">B</emphasis>
|
||
) lateral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE7F26BF2CB08FB5B" bold="true" box="[132,301,1199,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">Black dashed lines</emphasis>
|
||
for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE4FB6BF2CE33FB5B" bold="true" box="[909,1046,1199,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">red dashed line</emphasis>
|
||
for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBFDB3FE7ED69EFC8BAF870" blockId="10.[130,777,1299,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">
|
||
The preserved anterodorsal roof of the right temporal fossa and parts of the supramastoid crests indicate that the temporal fossae were voluminous, i.e., transversely broad (more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBFDB3FE7F3684FCAC0F8B7" box="[133,229,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
) as well as considerably higher dorsoventrally and longer anteroposteriorly than observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBFDB3FE525686FC925F8D0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[595,768,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Physeter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE525686FC925F8D0" box="[595,768,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">P. macrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although most of the occipital shield is missing, the anteroposterior position of the non-deformed nuchal crest (markedly anterior to the occipital condyles) indicates that the shield was originally inclined in an anterodorsal direction, drawing an angle of about 45° with the horizontal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBFDB3FE527688CC8ABF870" box="[593,654,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,216,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-463@10.[134,1453,213,1120]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBFDB3FE45B6A4EC9B8FAB6" blockId="10.[813,925,1299,1325]" box="[813,925,1299,1325]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBFDB3FE45B6A4EC9B8FAB6" box="[813,925,1299,1325]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBFDB3FE45B6A4EC9B8FAB6" box="[813,925,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">Premaxilla</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBFDB3FE45B6A6ECE44F956" blockId="10.[810,1457,1331,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">
|
||
Although the dorsal surface of each premaxilla is nearly completely lost along the anterior half of the rostrum, marks of the sutures with the maxillae indicate that the premaxillae did not make the whole dorsal surface of the rostrum in that region, considering the dorsal exposure of the maxillae for a length of at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBFDB3FE49D6A8ECE6FFA76" box="[1003,1098,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="310.0">310 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBFDB3FE32D6A8ECEBFFA76" box="[1115,1178,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The medial edge of the left premaxilla is somewhat better preserved in the proximal portion of the rostrum, attesting to a broad dorsal opening of the mesorostral groove at the rostrum base, with a maximum opening being reached
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBFDB3FE35F690FCEADF9F6" box="[1065,1160,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the level of the antorbital notch. It remains unknown whether the right and left premaxillae contacted each other dorsomedially in the anterior part of the rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBFDB39E435698FC801F8D0" blockId="10.[810,1457,1331,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[130,777,1618,2028]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="669" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">
|
||
The left premaxillary foramen is located just anterior to the level of the antorbital notch,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBFDB3FE33F69AFCEBCF897" box="[1097,1177,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5mm</quantity>
|
||
lateral to the medial margin of the premaxilla, with a transverse diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBFDB3FE262684FCF71F8B7" box="[1300,1364,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBFDB3FE213684FCF85F8B7" box="[1381,1440,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="667">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The foramen marks the posterolateral corner of a short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBFDB3FE215686CCF95F8D7" box="[1379,1456,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), depressed, and transversely concave surface that may correspond to the prenarial triangle of many non-physeteroid odontocetes. Anterior to this region, the heavily fragmented dorsal surface of the premaxilla is slightly concave transversely for at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBFDB3FE4ED688CC9DDF877" box="[923,1016,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Posterior to the premaxillary foramen, the left premaxilla widens markedly. Its dorsal surface is transversely concave, forming a broad premaxillary sac fossa that is divided by a thick longitudinal ridge for about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBEDB3EE56F68ECC84FF857" box="[537,618,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="668" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Medial to this ridge, the fossa is even more concave, with a medial edge raising dorsomedially. At this level, the left premaxilla remains distant from the right, leaving the posterior part of the mesorostral groove dorsally open.Twenty-nine millimeters posterolateral to the left premaxillary foramen, a moderately deep sulcus extends obliquely for at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB9DB39E63A690FCBB3F9F6" box="[332,406,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
|
||
and ends parallel to the lateral margin of the premaxilla, being reminiscent of the posterolateral sulcus of non-physeteroid odontocetes (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB9DB39E57469CFC8F4F937" author="LAMBERT O. & MUIZON C. DE & URBINA M. & BIANUCCI G." box="[514,721,1682,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" pagination="1707 - 1742" refId="ref15080" refString="LAMBERT O., MUIZON C. DE, URBINA M. & BIANUCCI G. 2020. - A new longirostrine sperm whale (Cetacea, Physeteroidea) from the lower Miocene of the Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 (20): 1707 - 1742. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2020.1805520" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Lambert
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E51469CEC8B1F937" box="[610,660,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a similar interpretation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB9DB39E6F869EFC84EF957" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" box="[398,619,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E6F869EFC84EF957" box="[398,619,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">Rhaphicetus valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The anterior margin of the left bony naris is located shortly posterior to the end of the longitudinal ridge. Posterolaterally, the left premaxilla is incomplete, thus preventing from estimating its extent along the lateral wall of the supracranial basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6276ABFFBEDB3EE7F269ACCE92F8B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="668" startId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" targetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBEDB3EE7F269ACCE92F8B4" blockId="11.[132,1455,1777,1839]" pageId="11" pageNumber="668">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFBEDB3EE7F269ACCAB8F89A" baselines="1790,1790" box="[132,157,1777,1794]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="11" pageNumber="668">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 5. — Cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBEDB3EE64569ACCBCFF899" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[307,490,1777,1794]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBEDB3EE64569ACCBCFF899" box="[307,490,1777,1794]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="668">Diaphorocetus ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFBEDB3EE69969ACC83BF899" box="[495,542,1777,1794]" pageId="11" pageNumber="668" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBEDB3EE27E69ACCF30F899" bold="true" box="[1288,1301,1777,1794]" pageId="11" pageNumber="668">A</emphasis>
|
||
) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBEDB3EE6916855CBD1F882" bold="true" box="[487,500,1800,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="668">B</emphasis>
|
||
). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6276ABFFB9DB39E7F26AB6CE32F988" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10228770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228770/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" startId="12.[132,143,1515,1532]" targetBox="[156,1432,184,1502]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB9DB39E7F26AB6CE32F988" blockId="12.[132,1455,1515,1555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFB9DB39E7F26AB6CAB8FA60" baselines="1528,1528" box="[132,157,1515,1532]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 6. — Cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB9DB39E6426AB6CBC9FA67" authority="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci, 2023" authorityName="Lambert & Collareta & Benites-Palomino & Merella & Muizon & Bennion & Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[308,492,1515,1532]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ortegai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E6426AB6CBC9FA67" box="[308,492,1515,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">Diaphorocetus ortegai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A474AFFB9DB39E6876AB6C804FA67" box="[497,545,1515,1532]" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E3D46AB6CE8AFA67" bold="true" box="[1186,1199,1515,1532]" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and left (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E2766AB6CF28FA67" bold="true" box="[1280,1293,1515,1532]" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">B</emphasis>
|
||
) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB9DB39E7ED680CCF97F870" blockId="12.[130,777,1618,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[810,1458,1618,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">
|
||
The dorsal surface of the right premaxilla is transversely concave for at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB9DB39E784682CCB68F817" box="[242,333,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the right premaxillary foramen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB9DB39E7FB68CCCAEEF837" box="[141,203,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB9DB39E7AE68CCCAC3F830" box="[216,230,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1515,1532]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-284@12.[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (A) and left (B) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228770/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">6</figureCitation>
|
||
), a marked difference with the convex premaxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB9DB39E7F268EFCADBF850" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" box="[132,254,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E7F268EFCADBF850" box="[132,254,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">R. valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this region. The right premaxillary foramen is located
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB9DB39E7A5688CCB38F877" box="[211,285,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
more posteriorly than the left, shortly behind the proposed level of the antorbital notch; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB9DB39E3B3690FCF82F9F7" box="[1221,1447,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E3B3690FCF82F9F7" box="[1221,1447,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">Diaphorocetus poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this foramen is located more anteriorly. The right premaxillary foramen is more than twice larger (transverse diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB9DB39E22C69CFCF82F937" box="[1370,1447,1682,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than the left.It is followed anteriorly for
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB9DB39E3C469EFCED9F956" box="[1202,1276,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 mm</quantity>
|
||
by a well-defined, broad anteromedial sulcus, a feature that was not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB9DB39E45B69AEC980F897" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" box="[813,933,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E45B69AEC980F897" box="[813,933,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">R. valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another sulcus extends posteriorly from the premaxillary foramen; it is shorter, narrower, and shallower than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB9DB39E426686CC989F8D0" box="[848,940,1841,1867]" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB9DB39E4BD686FCE64F8D0" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" box="[971,1089,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB9DB39E4BD686FCE64F8D0" box="[971,1089,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="669">R. valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Smaller depressions mark the right premaxillary sac fossa more posteriorly, including a short and narrow sulcus (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB9DB39E4BE682CCE33F817" box="[968,1046,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB9DB39E30D682CCE9FF817" box="[1147,1210,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="669" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) located medial to a small fossa. Posteromedial to the premaxillary foramen, the surface of the right premaxilla is transversely convex, with a medial edge turning posteromedially towards the presphenoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E7ED6F8AC922FD0B" blockId="13.[130,777,215,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
The suture between the right maxilla and premaxilla is difficult to follow in the supracranial basin due to damage in that region; it is estimated that the lateral margin of the premaxilla roughly reaches the medial limit of the largest dorsal infraorbital foramen (see below), at about half the height of the lateral wall of the supracranial basin, having at that level a maximum width of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E7EB6ECACAC9FE2A" box="[157,236,407,433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="97.0">97 mm</quantity>
|
||
. From there, the premaxilla raises onto the posterior wall of the basin, where it contributes to the anteroposteriorly thick nuchal crest, and where the dorsal-most portion of its anteriorly facing surface is vertical. Covering most of the posterior wall of the supracranial basin, the right premaxilla extends far towards the left part of the skull, reaching beyond the lateral margin of the left bony naris (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E55A6D0BC84FFDEB" box="[556,618,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E5016D0BC8A0FDEA" box="[631,645,598,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">5</figureCitation>
|
||
), as seen for example in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E78D6D2BC925FD0B" authority="(Paolucci et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Paolucci" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[251,768,630,656]" class="Mammalia" genus="Cozzuoliphyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rionegrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E78D6D2BC839FD0B" box="[251,540,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Cozzuoliphyseter rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB8DB38E55A6D2BC8DDFD0B" author="PAOLUCCI F. & FERNANDEZ M. S. & BUONO M. R. & CUITINO J. I." box="[556,760,630,656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" pagination="1293 - 1322" refId="ref15902" refString="PAOLUCCI F., FERNANDEZ M. S., BUONO M. R. & CUITINO J. I. 2021. - ' Aulophyseter ' rionegrensis (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Physeteroidea) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina): a reappraisal. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (4): 1293 - 1322. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa 137" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Paolucci
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E5FC6D2AC89EFD0B" box="[650,699,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E7ED6DCBCB9CFC34" blockId="13.[130,777,215,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
On the ventral surface of the rostrum, the two premaxillae are exposed in the anterior part of the median trough, displaying an asymmetric pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E6D46D88CBF8FD6B" box="[418,477,725,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The left premaxilla appears
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E7F46DA8CAEAFC8B" box="[130,207,757,784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
before the anterior end of the vomer, whereas the right premaxilla remains hidden until a level
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E56A6C48C84FFCAB" box="[540,618,789,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the vomer, from where it broadens to eventually reach a width similar to that of the left premaxilla at the preserved tip of the rostrum. A similar asymmetry is observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E5FC6C2BC8DAFC14" box="[650,767,885,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E5FC6C2BC8DAFC14" box="[650,767,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">D. poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E7F26CCBCAC0FC34" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1869" box="[132,229,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Placoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duboisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E7F26CCBCAC0FC34" box="[132,229,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">P. duboisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E6566CC8CB97FC34" box="[288,434,917,943]" class="Mammalia" genus="Cozzuoliphyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rionegrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E6566CC8CB97FC34" box="[288,434,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">C. rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E7F26C89CAF0FC75" blockId="13.[132,213,980,1006]" box="[132,213,980,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFB8DB38E7F26C89CAF0FC75" box="[132,213,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E7F26C89CAF0FC75" box="[132,213,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E7F26CA9C922F9D6" blockId="13.[130,777,1012,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
The anterior tip of the maxillae is missing, and the abraded dorsal surface makes it difficult to estimate the length of the missing part. Each maxilla is exposed dorsally along the whole preserved length of the rostrum; this exposure widens only slightly for the first
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E6246B29CB8AFB14" box="[338,431,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
|
||
, followed by a more pronounced widening linked to the broadening of the rostrum towards its base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E7C96BE9CAD9FB55" box="[191,252,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E67F6BE9CB32FB54" box="[265,279,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Using the partly preserved posteromedial wall of the left antorbital notch as a landmark, it is probable that a moderately developed maxillary flange was originally present. In lateral view, the maxillary part of the rostrum is surprisingly thin dorsoventrally for the preserved anterior two thirds of its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E7AF6A0ECB3DFAF6" box="[217,280,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,216,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-463@10.[134,1453,213,1120]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), contributing to the platyrostrine (dorsoventrally flattened) aspect of the rostrum: for example, the maxilla is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E7ED6ACECACEFA35" box="[155,235,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E6476ACECBAAFA35" box="[305,399,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the antorbital notch in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0CBEE6FFB8DB38E7F06AEECAFEFA56" box="[134,219,1459,1485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
3246, whereas it is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E6DB6AEECBDEFA56" box="[429,507,1459,1485]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick at the same level in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB8DB38E7DD6A8ECB2DFA76" box="[171,264,1491,1517]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E6516A8EC824FA76" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" box="[295,513,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E6516A8EC824FA76" box="[295,513,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Rhaphicetus valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A similar dorsoventrally flattened maxillary portion of the rostrum is seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E5C46AAECB03F9B7" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E5C46AAECB03F9B7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Diaphorocetus poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E641694FCB50F9B6" box="[311,373,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,991,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-505@14.[131,1457,215,950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus poucheti (Moreno, 1892) MLP 5-6 (holotype) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C), and posterior (D) views, illustrating among others some diagnostic characters at the genus and species levels. The figured photos were taken by one of us (CM) in 1981, with a preservation state that is closer to the original illustrations in Lydekker (1893), prior to the separation of the right and left rostral parts and pterygoids/palatines from the neurocranium and with more complete antorbital notches and right orbit. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228772/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB8DB38E6F3694FC87EF9B6" author="PAOLUCCI F. & BUONO M. R. & FERNANDEZ M. S. & MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I." box="[389,603,1554,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref15828" refString="PAOLUCCI F., BUONO M. R., FERNANDEZ M. S., MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I. 2020. - Diaphorocetus poucheti (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteroidea) from Patagonia, Argentina: one of the earliest sperm whales. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 (4): 335 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2019.1605544" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Paolucci
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E690694EC83FF9B7" box="[486,538,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the less closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E661696FC8DAF9D7" authority="(Bianucci & Landini 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Bianucci & Landini" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[279,767,1586,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Zygophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varolai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E661696FCBFBF9D7" box="[279,478,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Zygophyseter varolai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB8DB38E698696FC8DCF9D7" author="BIANUCCI G. & LANDINI W." box="[494,761,1586,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref12424" refString="BIANUCCI G. & LANDINI W. 2006. - Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148: 103 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00228. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Bianucci & Landini 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E7ED690FC994FE0A" blockId="13.[130,777,1012,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
On the left side, anteromedial to the antorbital notch, the dorsal surface of the maxilla is transversely convex, whereas on the right side it is concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E6D569CFCBC7F936" box="[419,482,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E69969CFCBD8F937" box="[495,509,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1515,1532]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-284@12.[156,1432,184,1502]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (A) and left (B) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228770/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">6</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E53F69CEC8E7F937" authorityName="Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci" authorityYear="2020" box="[585,706,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" genus="Rhaphicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valenciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E53F69CEC8E7F937" box="[585,706,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">R. valenciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only the right maxilla is partly preserved in the supraorbital region. It displays two dorsal infraorbital foramina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E527698FC8ABF977" box="[593,654,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E5ED698FC88CF976" box="[667,681,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). With a transverse diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E61969AFCBE6F897" box="[367,451,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
and a circular outline, the first such foramen is just posterior to the level of the antorbital notches, being placed at the anterior end of the thick crest that makes the lateral margin of the supracranial basin over the right orbit. The second foramen is larger (anteroposterior diameter estimated at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E60368CCCBECF830" box="[373,457,1937,1963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
), oval in outline, and located
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E7F068ECCAF1F857" box="[134,212,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
more posteromedially, along the medial surface of the thick crest. It is followed posterolaterally by a broad sulcus. It cannot be excluded that smaller foramina went unnoticed due to preservation issues on the right side. A large dorsal infraorbital foramen is located more posterodorsally on the right maxilla of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A69881FFB8DB38E4056E6AC9F5FECA" box="[883,976,311,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E4846E65CE4DFECA" box="[1010,1128,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E4846E65CE4DFECA" box="[1010,1128,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">D. poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nearly in line with the nuchal crest. No dorsal infraorbital foramen is preserved on the left side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E4126E2AC984FE0A" box="[868,929,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,991,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-505@14.[131,1457,215,950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus poucheti (Moreno, 1892) MLP 5-6 (holotype) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C), and posterior (D) views, illustrating among others some diagnostic characters at the genus and species levels. The figured photos were taken by one of us (CM) in 1981, with a preservation state that is closer to the original illustrations in Lydekker (1893), prior to the separation of the right and left rostral parts and pterygoids/palatines from the neurocranium and with more complete antorbital notches and right orbit. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228772/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E4356ECBCE4FFDCA" blockId="13.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
The posterolateral corners of the supracranial basin are mostly made of the maxillae and markedly thickened. Both maxillae extend posteromedially along the nuchal crest for a short distance. Each maxilla ends before the mediolateral level of the corresponding premaxillary foramen, the two maxillae being approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E4BC6D6BCE03FDCA" box="[970,1062,566,593]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E4356D0BCE12FAB5" blockId="13.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
In ventral view, the left and right maxillae display 18 dental alveoli over a length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E35B6D2BCEA9FD0B" box="[1069,1164,630,656]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="336.0">336 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E3B36D2BCF02FD0B" box="[1221,1319,630,656]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="347.0">347 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFB8DB38E4436DCBC951FD2B" box="[821,884,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition to maxillary and presumably premaxillary alveoli from the missing anterior section of the rostrum, a few more, shallow alveoli may have been present posteriorly, along the damaged lateral margins of the basal portion of the rostrum. The number of alveoli per
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E3ED6C48CED0FCAB" box="[1179,1269,789,816]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
of alveolar groove length is greater than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E3696C6BCEB7FCD4" box="[1055,1170,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E3696C6BCEB7FCD4" box="[1055,1170,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">D. poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The alveolar groove of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E2F56C68C9F2FCF4" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Placoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duboisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E2F56C68C9F2FCF4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Placoziphius duboisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably ended more anteriorly compared to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0CBEE6FFB8DB38E45D6C28C9A5FC14" box="[811,896,885,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
3246, with shallower posterior alveoli. The right and left anteriormost alveoli are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E3206CC8CE9FFC34" box="[1110,1210,917,944]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="36.5">36.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart from each other, whereas the right and left posteriormost alveoli are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E2256CE8CF95FC54" box="[1363,1456,949,975]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="166.0">166 mm</quantity>
|
||
from each other, and the last preserved posterior alveolus is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E4586CA9C95BFB94" box="[814,894,1012,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the antorbital notch on the left side. The preserved alveoli are well-defined, roughly circular, and deep. They range in transverse diameter from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E3AB6B69CF56FBD4" box="[1245,1395,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13 to 18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with the largest occurring at about two thirds of the length of the alveolar groove (13rd to 14th alveoli, numbered from the first preserved anterior alveolus), and the smallest being in the first half (from 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C688B6BFFB8DB38E4D16BE8C992FB5D" attach="left" box="[935,951,1205,1222]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">th</superScript>
|
||
to 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C688B6BFFB8DB38E4956BE8C9D6FB5D" attach="left" box="[995,1011,1205,1222]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">th</superScript>
|
||
along the left alveolar groove). Interalveolar septa range in length from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E3336B89CEE0FB75" box="[1093,1221,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but most of the septa fall in an interval between 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E3036BAECEEFFA95" box="[1141,1226,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with no general trend along the alveolar groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFB8DB38E4356A6ECF74F870" blockId="13.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">
|
||
Medial to the 17th to 12th right alveoli, five moderately well-defined, subcircular depressions most likely correspond to embrasure pits. The posteriormost such pit is the deepest, with a central part that is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFB8DB38E49C6ACECE69FA35" box="[1002,1100,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="22.5">22.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
medial to the alveolar groove, and subsequent more anterior pits get gradually shallower. Similar depressions interpreted as embrasure pits have been described medial to the posterior maxillary alveoli in other physeteroids (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E412694FCE19F9B7" authorityName="Lambert, Bianucci & Muizon" authorityYear="2008" box="[868,1084,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" genus="Acrophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deinodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E412694FCE19F9B7" box="[868,1084,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Acrophyseter deinodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E331694ECE9DF9B7" box="[1095,1208,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E331694ECE9DF9B7" box="[1095,1208,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">D. poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFB8DB38E39B694EC957F9D7" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Orycterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocodilinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E39B694EC957F9D7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">Orycterocetus crocodilinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), several other odontocetes, and basilosaurids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB8DB38E223696FC9BCF9F7" author="LAMBERT O. & BIANUCCI G. & MUIZON C. DE" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" pagination="404 - 474" refId="ref14947" refString="LAMBERT O., BIANUCCI G. & MUIZON C. DE 2017. - Macroraptorial sperm whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteroidea) from the Miocene of Peru. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (2): 404 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12456" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Lambert
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E45B690EC97BF9F7" box="[813,862,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and references therein;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB8DB38E3FB690FCF7FF9F7" author="PAOLUCCI F. & BUONO M. R. & FERNANDEZ M. S. & MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I." box="[1165,1370,1618,1644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref15828" refString="PAOLUCCI F., BUONO M. R., FERNANDEZ M. S., MARX F. G. & CUITINO J. I. 2020. - Diaphorocetus poucheti (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteroidea) from Patagonia, Argentina: one of the earliest sperm whales. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 (4): 335 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2019.1605544" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Paolucci
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFB8DB38E39A690ECF38F9F7" box="[1260,1309,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="670">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Either the embrasure pits were shallower, or completely absent on the left side, as seen in several pomatodelphinine platanistids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB8DB38E44369EFC9E7F956" author="KELLOGG R." box="[821,962,1714,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" pagination="3 - 26" refId="ref14403" refString="KELLOGG R. 1959. - Description of the skull of Pomatodelphis inaequalis Allen. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 121: 3 - 26. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4778126" type="journal article" year="1959">Kellogg 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFB8DB38E4B869EFCE43F957" author="LAMBERT O." box="[974,1126,1714,1740]" pageId="13" pageNumber="670" pagination="69 - 79" refId="ref14698" refString="LAMBERT O. 2006. - First record of a platanistid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the North Sea Basin: a review of Cyrtodelphis Abel, 1899 from the Miocene of Belgium. Oryctos 6: 69 - 79." type="journal article" year="2006">Lambert 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The palate is robust, featuring a dorsoventrally thick, 85-mm-wide ventromedial portion of the maxillae with a roughly flat ventral surface, being separated from the transversely concave lateral portions by two parallel crests. Medial to each crest, a deep oblique sulcus is directed anteromedially.The posterior part of each sulcus corresponds to the pterygopalatine canal, which is probably exposed ventrally due to poor preservation of the ventral surface of the maxilla and palatine in this area, whereas the anterior part most likely exited from an unpreserved major palatine foramen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE6896D61C8ECFD31" blockId="14.[462,1381,563,740]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">right premaxillary foramen maxillary alveoli antorbital notch dorsal infraorbital foramen</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE4C96D91C9F7FD7F" blockId="14.[462,1381,563,740]" box="[959,978,716,740]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">D</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6276ABFFBBDB3BE7F26C82C964FBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10228772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228772/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" startId="14.[132,143,991,1008]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,950]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE7F26C82C964FBAF" blockId="14.[132,1455,991,1076]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D44B0FFFFBBDB3BE7F26C82CAB8FC74" baselines="1004,1004" box="[132,157,991,1008]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 7. — Cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBBDB3BE64F6C82C891FC6B" authority="(Moreno, 1892) MLP" authorityName="MLP" baseAuthorityName="Moreno" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[313,692,991,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE64F6C82C827FC6B" box="[313,514,991,1008]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Diaphorocetus poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
(Moreno, 1892) MLP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5-6 (holotype) in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE4F16C82C9B1FC6B" bold="true" box="[903,916,991,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">A</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE4916C82C9D1FC6B" bold="true" box="[999,1012,991,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">B</emphasis>
|
||
), right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE3186C82CE59FC6B" bold="true" box="[1134,1148,991,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">C</emphasis>
|
||
), and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE2716C82CF30FC6B" bold="true" box="[1287,1301,991,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views, illustrating among others some diagnostic characters at the genus and species levels. The figured photos were taken by one of us (CM) in 1981, with a preservation state that is closer to the original illustrations in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFBBDB3BE6926B51C84DFB86" author="LYDEKKER R." box="[484,616,1036,1053]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15370" refString="LYDEKKER R. 1893. - Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil vertebrates of Argentina. Part II. Cetacean skulls from Patagonia. Anales del Museo de La Plata 1893: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1893">Lydekker (1893)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, prior to the separation of the right and left rostral parts and pterygoids/palatines from the neurocranium and with more complete antorbital notches and right orbit. Scale bar: 200 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE7F26B28CAE3FB15" blockId="14.[132,198,1141,1166]" box="[132,198,1141,1166]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBBDB3BE7F26B28CAE3FB15" box="[132,198,1141,1166]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE7F26B28CAE3FB15" box="[132,198,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Vomer</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE7F26BC9C87DFA16" blockId="14.[131,776,1172,1421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
Ventrally, the vomer is exposed along the median trough for
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE7D96BE9CB37FB55" box="[175,274,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 mm</quantity>
|
||
, starting from a level
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE57D6BE9C879FB55" box="[523,604,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the antorbital notches, and reaching a maximum width of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE7F26BA9CAF7FA95" box="[132,210,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE7946BAECB05FA95" box="[226,288,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). From this level forward, the ventral surface of the vomer becomes keeled. Posterior to the choanae, the sutures of the vomer with other bones in the basioccipital basin could not be clearly detected due to damaged bone surfaces and partial covering by sediment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE7F26AEECB50FA56" blockId="14.[132,373,1459,1485]" box="[132,373,1459,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBBDB3BE7F26AEECB50FA56" box="[132,373,1459,1485]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE7F26AEECB50FA56" box="[132,373,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Palatine and pterygoid</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE7F26A8ECF03FB75" blockId="14.[132,777,1491,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[811,1455,1140,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
Part of the maxilla-palatine suture is visible on the right side, leaving the sagittal plane of the skull in an anterolateral direction from a level
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE6D3694FCBD1F9B6" box="[421,500,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
posterior to the antorbital notch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE78C696FCB1EF9D6" box="[250,315,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior tip of the right palatine is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE7BA690FCB39F9F6" box="[204,284,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the level of the antorbital notch. The anterolateral portion of each pterygoid can be outlined as a narrow (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE62569CFCB81F936" box="[339,420,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) plate participating to the anteromedial edge of the pterygoid sinus fossa. This edge rapidly becomes poorly defined lateral to the anterior tip of the pterygoid, which is located posterior to the level of the antorbital notch, ending
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE6BF684CC83CF8B7" box="[457,537,1809,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
posterior to the apex of the palatine. Ventromedially defining the broad pterygoid sinus fossae, the hamular processes of the pterygoids are massive, with a maximum joined width of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE5F1682CC8F2F817" box="[647,727,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity>
|
||
and a depressed median region. The posterior tips of the right and left pterygoids are joined and project for
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE5F668ECC8F5F857" box="[640,720,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
posterior to the bottom of the Eustachian notches. The medial lamina of the pterygoid makes a long portion (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE25A6B29CFAFFB14" box="[1324,1418,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="117.0">117 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the left side) of the lateral wall of the basioccipital basin. Being slender anteriorly, it gradually thickens posterolaterally to reach a transverse thickness of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBBDB3BE3B86B89CF07FB75" box="[1230,1314,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE45B6A4EC98EFAB6" blockId="14.[813,939,1299,1325]" box="[813,939,1299,1325]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBBDB3BE45B6A4EC98EFAB6" box="[813,939,1299,1325]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE45B6A4EC98EFAB6" box="[813,939,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Presphenoid</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE45B6A69C9EEFA56" blockId="14.[813,1456,1331,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
In dorsal view, the presphenoid is only visible for a short distance between the posterior end of the mesorostral groove and the right bony naris (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE3E96A2ECEC4FA16" box="[1183,1249,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE3876A2ECEDAFA15" box="[1265,1279,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Details of the relationships with the vomer and premaxillae cannot be distinguished.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE45B6AAEC94CF996" blockId="14.[813,873,1523,1549]" box="[813,873,1523,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBBDB3BE45B6AAEC94CF996" box="[813,873,1523,1549]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE45B6AAEC94CF996" box="[813,873,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Nasal</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE45B694FCE59F917" blockId="14.[811,1454,1554,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
Along the left lateral margin of the right premaxilla, on the left posterolateral corner of the supracranial basin, a narrow and thin plate of bone is tentatively interpreted as part of a single nasal bone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE37B692FCE6BF917" box="[1037,1102,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE32B692FCE4EF916" box="[1117,1131,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE45B69EFC95EF957" blockId="14.[813,891,1714,1740]" box="[813,891,1714,1740]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBBDB3BE45B69EFC95EF957" box="[813,891,1714,1740]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBBDB3BE45B69EFC95EF957" box="[813,891,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Frontal</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBBDB3BE45B698FCF15F870" blockId="14.[811,1457,1746,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">
|
||
Dorsally, apart from the exposure of part of the right supraorbital process due to removal of the overlying maxilla, frontals are thought to appear only along the thick nuchal crest, in the section separating the two maxillae, between the left premaxilla and small fragments of the supraoccipital (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE215680CCFBAF8F7" box="[1379,1439,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only feature of the frontal that is visible in ventral view is the narrow medial portion of the right frontal groove, which is obliquely oriented to form an angle of about 45° with the sagittal plane of the cranium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBBDB3BE3A9688CCF3AF870" box="[1247,1311,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="671">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F26F8ACBE1FF6A" blockId="15.[132,452,215,241]" box="[132,452,215,241]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBADB3AE7F26F8ACBE1FF6A" box="[132,452,215,241]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE7F26F8ACBE1FF6A" box="[132,452,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Occipital shield and brain cavity</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F26FA5CB25FD0B" blockId="15.[130,777,247,656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
No part of the supraoccipital is preserved, leaving the brain cavity open (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE7916E4ACB07FEAA" box="[231,290,279,305]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE6596E4ACB19FEA9" box="[303,316,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter has a preserved maximum width of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBADB3AE7E96E6ACAD9FECA" box="[159,252,311,337]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 mm</quantity>
|
||
, in its lower half; it is markedly wider than high, a condition that most likely reflects the shape of the brain, as seen for example in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBADB3AE6646E2ACBDAFE0A" authority="Owen, 1866" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[274,511,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Kogiidae" genus="Kogia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE6646E2ACB5FFE0B" box="[274,378,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Kogia sima</emphasis>
|
||
Owen, 1866
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBADB3AE55C6E2AC921FE0A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[554,772,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Physeter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE55C6E2AC921FE0A" box="[554,772,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Physeter macrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFBADB3AE7FB6ECBCB35FE2B" author="FLOWER W. H." box="[141,272,406,432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" pagination="309 - 372" refId="ref14242" refString="FLOWER W. H. 1867. - On the osteology of the cachalot or sperm-whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 6: 309 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1868. tb 00580. x" type="journal article" year="1867">Flower 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFBADB3AE66B6ECBC80DFE2A" author="RIES F. A. & LANGWORTHY O. R." box="[285,552,406,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref16500" refString="RIES F. A. & LANGWORTHY O. R. 1937. - A study of the surface structure of the brain of the whale (Balaenoptera physalus and Physeter catodon). Journal of Comparative Neurology 68 (1): 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / cne. 900680102" type="journal article" year="1937">Ries & Langworthy 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C5BD2FFBADB3AE5436ECBC8DDFE2A" author="MARINO L. & SUDHEIMER K. & PABST D. A. & MCLELLAN W. A. & JOHNSON J. I." box="[565,760,406,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref15407" refString="MARINO L., SUDHEIMER K., PABST D. A., MCLELLAN W. A. & JOHNSON J. I. 2003. - Magnetic resonance images of the brain of a dwarf sperm whale (Kogia simus). Journal of Anatomy 203 (1): 57 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1469 - 7580.2003.00199. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Marino
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE5FC6ECAC899FE2B" box="[650,700,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The minimum distance between the temporal fossae across the occipital region makes less than 43 % of the bizygomatic width (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69F1398FFBADB3AE7FB6EABCAFCFD8B" box="[141,217,502,528]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[131,142,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. — Cranial measurements (in mm) of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru), compared to the type of Diaphorocetus poucheti (Moreno, 1892) MLP 5-6 (Gaiman Formation, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina). Part of the measurements for MLP 5-6 are taken from Paolucci et al. (2020); others were taken based on photos. Abbreviations: +, incomplete; e, estimate; –, no data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" tableUuid="DF6276ABFFB2DB32E7F56F86CEA3FE81">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), corresponding to a relatively narrow occipital shield, laterally margined by transversely broad temporal fossae. The shield is dorsoventrally low, as testified by the low position of the nuchal crest (see above), hence a stocky posterior outline of the skull.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F26DE8CACAFD54" blockId="15.[132,239,693,719]" box="[132,239,693,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBADB3AE7F26DE8CACAFD54" box="[132,239,693,719]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE7F26DE8CACAFD54" box="[132,239,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Squamosal</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F26D8BC8B9FB35" blockId="15.[130,776,725,1198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
In dorsal view, the preserved part of each zygomatic process is directed anterolaterally, before gradually turning to a more anterior direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE66C6C48CB76FCB4" box="[282,339,789,815]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[164,1411,214,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[173,1423,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228758/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Considering the direction of the anterior part of the zygomatic process in other physeteroids with a long temporal fossa, it is estimated that a large part of each zygomatic process (at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBADB3AE6526C28CB55FC14" box="[292,368,885,911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the right side) is missing. The supramastoid crest raises posterodorsomedially,as in other physeteroids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE7FB6CE8CAE1FC54" box="[141,196,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,216,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-463@10.[134,1453,213,1120]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||
).The right postglenoid process is partly preserved,making a slightly obliquely directed thin plan (thickness
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBADB3AE50E6C88C8F5FC74" box="[632,720,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8-9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and reaching farther ventrally than the posttympanic process, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D5DA0FFBADB3AE7F26B49CB42FBB5" authorityName="MLP" baseAuthorityName="Moreno" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[132,359,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Diaphorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE7F26B49CB42FBB5" box="[132,359,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Diaphorocetus poucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In ventral view,the left falciform process has a triangular outline, with a dorsoventrally thin ventromedial tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE7DB6B09CAC0FBF5" box="[173,229,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig.3</figureCitation>
|
||
).Part of the tympanosquamosal recess is better seen on the right side, medial to the postglenoid process, and extending anterolaterally along the damaged mandibular fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F26B89CAD2FB75" blockId="15.[132,247,1236,1262]" box="[132,247,1236,1262]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBADB3AE7F26B89CAD2FB75" box="[132,247,1236,1262]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE7F26B89CAD2FB75" box="[132,247,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Alisphenoid</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F26BAEC920F996" blockId="15.[130,776,1267,1549]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
Finely preserved on the left side, the ventral suture between alisphenoid and squamosal zigzags in an anterolateral direction, reaching the subtemporal crest some distance anteromedial to the anterior most edge of the squamosal fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE5266A0EC8ADFAF6" box="[592,648,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Filled with hardened sediment on both sides, the foramen ovale is followed laterally by a wide and shallow path for the mandibular nerve (V3), which gradually turns more anteriorly, disappearing before the subtemporal crest.Anterior to this path, the ventral surface of the alisphenoid is approximatively flat, sloping anterodorsolaterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F2696FCAD0F9D7" blockId="15.[132,245,1586,1612]" box="[132,245,1586,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBADB3AE7F2696FCAD0F9D7" box="[132,245,1586,1612]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE7F2696FCAD0F9D7" box="[132,245,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Exoccipital</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE7F2690FC8BAF870" blockId="15.[130,777,1618,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
The posterior surface of the exoccipital slopes posteroventrally, with an angle of 45-50° with the horizontal plane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE5CE692FC8D2F917" box="[696,759,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1176,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,216,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-463@10.[134,1453,213,1120]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228762/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only the ventral part of the occipital condyles is preserved, being lower than the posteroventral margin of the temporal fossae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE7A2698FCB37F976" box="[212,274,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1777,1794]" captionTargetBox="[161,1442,214,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-93@11.[145,1357,219,1724]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228768/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The condyles protrude moderately from the neurocranium, reaching posteriorly just beyond the ventral margin of the exoccipitals. The ventral surface of the paroccipital process is deeply excavated, with a laterally directed broad groove (better preserved on the left exoccipital) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE5CA680CC8D2F8F7" box="[700,759,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterolateral to the left paroccipital process, a broad and dorsoventrally thin piece of bone ventrally marked by laterally directed grooves and ridges is tentatively interpreted as part of the posterior process of the left tympanic bulla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE45B6F8AC98BFF6A" blockId="15.[813,942,215,241]" box="[813,942,215,241]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<heading id="D0EA914FFFBADB3AE45B6F8AC98BFF6A" box="[813,942,215,241]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969FA31FFBADB3AE45B6F8AC98BFF6A" box="[813,942,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Basioccipital</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA22623FFBADB3AE45B6FAACF21FD8B" blockId="15.[811,1457,247,529]" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">
|
||
Though the basioccipital basin is anteroposteriorly long (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBADB3AE4416E4AC9B3FEA9" box="[823,918,279,306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" unit="mm" value="147.0">147 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the posterior tip of the hamular processes), the contribution of the basioccipital crests to its dorsolateral walls is relatively limited (see medial lamina of pterygoid above) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13263AA6FFBADB3AE4F56E2AC9E7FE0A" box="[899,962,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,215,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@9.[199,1445,204,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation,East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10228760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10228760/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="672">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal surface of the basioccipital basin is markedly anteroposteriorly convex. The posterolateral portion of each basioccipital crest is robust (maximum transverse thickness equaling
|
||
<quantity id="4CE58BC6FFBADB3AE4856E8BCE65FE6A" box="[1011,1088,470,497]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="672" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the left side), medially defining a moderately deep and broad jugular notch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |