566 lines
77 KiB
XML
566 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document id="D0A4A2F6F7202F369AB61D6A3B0BF9AC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.205926" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a00f3db-b689-4784-91ee-b9c9b6aebc5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="205926" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460277224109" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Niitsuma, Hiromi, Suzuki, Risa & Kato, Hideaki" docDate="2011" docId="03A68259FFD90F01AB8FF9B8035AFC54" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02821p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2821" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paramerina togavicea Sasa et Okazawa" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF9FFA21FFD30F0EAB18FFDF0141FFF0" masterDocTitle="Review of the Japanese species of Paramerina (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), with a key to the known males" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698248667186" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="02ED7A98E88382A8F76A8247FEAA3D16" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="609AE0A90B87AC9DA6F665F8BCB06DFD">
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<mods:title id="E054F90F78677850155F12C662717EE4">Review of the Japanese species of Paramerina (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), with a key to the known males</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D61907E4B3D047DFA674D8EA7238E556" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D3990DE27BFB6AB44A205DBAC4CCB9E6">Niitsuma, Hiromi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="311845C630D7656B35955CEA3D8D138A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7BD3B3E9F26D59D4E64BC852E9381EE8">Suzuki, Risa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="59CDF93F4C8D94C4B88F4F2157BF9E4B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="10497A088D574CFCD87F73E11E422087">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6B244AC9720C1B1F4DA3B5A12514DC95">Kato, Hideaki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="98B075AA797C70A558FD8966BEA307E2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3875E4EDCE463CE7DC8224A9967FC740">
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<mods:title id="53526B6E7EA40F0BB04E5613F9593370">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5FF533125E2ABEF5A07A85D508F89298">
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<mods:date id="AE9E4B4B9504E9F5C75A134548193E76">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A2D9ED550BE7D56BA16BB541CC5400F0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="41E4DB1434268777AE8F799A7DE7A051">2821</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F1376F5C8E58070E617D62E239CF6FEB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3A0937D6CFFE57C80F0279CC3191EBC9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.205926</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A1FCFF0E4A0EB5B48851FF122969AFC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A68259FFD90F01AB8FF9B8035AFC54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6183865" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6183865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A68259FFD90F01AB8FF9B8035AFC54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A68259FFD90F01AB8FF9B8035AFC54" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD90F04AB8FF9B8000BF953" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD90F04AB8FF9B80339F98F" blockId="10.[151,632,1638,1699]" box="[151,632,1638,1664]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0F88423FFD90F04AB8FF9B80339F98F" bold="true" box="[151,632,1638,1664]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD90F04AB8FF9B80339F98F" ID-CoL="9J2LZ" authority="Sasa et Okazawa" authorityName="Sasa et Okazawa" box="[151,632,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AB8FF9B80339F98F" bold="true" box="[151,632,1638,1664]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AB8FF9B800D4F970" bold="true" box="[151,405,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paramerina togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
(Sasa
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AAFBF9B700B6F98F" bold="true" box="[483,503,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et</emphasis>
|
||
Okazawa)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD90F04AB8FF954000BF953" blockId="10.[151,632,1638,1699]" box="[151,330,1675,1699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD90F04AB86F9540003F953" box="[158,322,1675,1699]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId-0="13.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox-0="[177,1421,672,1893]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[151,1436,661,1899]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 29 – 32. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), male (29 – 31) and female (32). 29, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 30, wing; 31, hypopygium, dorsal view; 32, genitalia, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/205929/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 29–41</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD90F04AB8FF9100383F8CF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD90F04AB8FF91003B4F8D1" blockId="10.[151,1154,1741,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1461FFD90F04AB8FF91003B4F8D1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD90F04AB8FF910000EF914" box="[151,335,1742,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AB8FF910000EF914" box="[151,335,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pentaneura divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AA46F91000C0F914" box="[350,385,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04AA90F9120355F913" author="Walker" box="[392,532,1741,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Volume 3. Lovell & Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 352." type="book" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD90F04A93CF91203B5F913" author="Tokunaga" box="[548,756,1741,1763]" page="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1937">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04A93CF9120391F913" author="Tokunaga" box="[548,720,1741,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1937 a) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera), IX. Tanypodinae and Diamesinae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 62, 21 - 65." type="journal article" year="1937" yearSuffix="a">Tokunaga 1937a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 1937b: 97.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD90F04AB8FF9320015F8F2" ID-CoL="4D339" box="[151,340,1772,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AB8FF9320015F8F2" box="[151,340,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paramerina divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AA7BF93200C7F8F2" box="[355,390,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04AA94F9330359F8F2" author="Walker" box="[396,536,1772,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Volume 3. Lovell & Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 352." type="book" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD90F04A931F932020EF8F2" author="Sasa" box="[553,847,1772,1794]" page="252" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04A931F932025DF8F2" author="Sasa" box="[553,796,1773,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Sasa, M. & Hasegawa, H. (1988) Additional records of the chironomid midges from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan (Diptera, Chironomidae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 39, 229 - 256." type="journal article" year="1988">Sasa & Hasegawa 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 252
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD90F04A841F933053CF8F2" author="Kobayashi" box="[857,1149,1772,1794]" page="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04A841F9330516F8F2" author="Kobayashi" box="[857,1111,1772,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Kobayashi, T. & Endo, K. (2008) Synonymic notes on some species of Chironomidae (Diptera) described by Dr. M. Sasa. Zootaxa, 1712, 49 - 64." type="journal article" year="2008">Kobayashi & Endo 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 52
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD90F04ABB0F8D30024F8D1" ID-CoL="4D339" box="[168,357,1803,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04ABB0F8D30024F8D1" box="[168,357,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paramerina divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AA6CF8D300D6F8D1" box="[372,407,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04AA86F8D4036BF8D1" author="Walker" box="[414,554,1803,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Volume 3. Lovell & Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 352." type="book" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD90F04A922F8D403B0F8D1" author="Fittkau" box="[570,753,1803,1825]" page="327" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04A922F8D403FFF8D1" author="Fittkau" box="[570,702,1803,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 327
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD90F04AB8FF8F50383F8CF" blockId="10.[151,1154,1741,1856]" box="[151,706,1834,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1461FFD90F04AB8FF8F50383F8CF" box="[151,706,1834,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD90F04AB8FF8F503FFF8CF" ID-CoL="9HMVR" authority="Sasa et Okazawa, 1992b: 213" authorityName="Sasa et Okazawa" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,702,1834,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AB8FF8F500C8F8B0" box="[151,393,1834,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Krenopelopia togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD90F04AA88F8F503FFF8CF" author="Sasa" box="[400,702,1834,1856]" page="213" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD90F04AA88F8F503CAF8B0" author="Sasa" box="[400,651,1834,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Sasa, M. & Okazawa, T. (1992 b) Studies on the chironomid midges (yusurika) of Toga-mura, Toyama. Part 3. The subfamilies Diamesinae and Tanypodinae. In: Some Characteristics of Nature Conservation within the Chief Rivers in Toyama Prefecture (The Upper Reach of Kurobe River). Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, Kosugi, pp. 205 - 230." type="book chapter" year="1992" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Sasa
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AADDF8F40096F8B0" box="[453,471,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et</emphasis>
|
||
Okazawa, 1992b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 213
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD90F05AB8FF8B3004AFD3C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD90F05AB8FF8B3004AFD3C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1900,2032]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04AB8FF8B300C9F875" bold="true" box="[151,392,1900,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD90F04AA8EF8B300BFF874" box="[406,510,1900,1924]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD90F04A92AF8B20206F875" box="[562,839,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04A92AF8B20206F875" box="[562,839,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Krenopelopia togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAB8AFFD90F04A8B1F8B302BCF874" box="[937,1021,1900,1924]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
), labeled, “No. 188: 56”,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD90F04AE58F8B204D8F875" box="[1344,1433,1901,1925]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Toyama,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD90F04AA18F84E007AF859" box="[256,315,1937,1961]" name="Tonga" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Toga</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD90F04AA50F84E003EF859" box="[328,383,1937,1961]" name="Tonga" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Toga</collectingCountry>
|
||
River,
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD90F04AACDF84F0319F858" box="[469,600,1936,1960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1990-07-18">18.vii.1990</date>
|
||
. Non-types.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD90F04A9F1F84E0203F859" box="[745,834,1937,1961]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Okinawa, Okinawa Island, Lake Ryutan,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD90F04AE3EF84F04C0F858" box="[1318,1409,1936,1960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD90F04AE96F84F01A7F83C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, and 2 pupal exuviae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAB8AFFD90F04AAFEF86B037BF83C" box="[486,570,1972,1996]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
), labeled respectively, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD90F04A848F8690514F83C" authority="No." authorityName="No." box="[848,1109,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD90F04A848F8690562F83D" box="[848,1059,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paramerina divisa</emphasis>
|
||
No.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
65: 35a, b, 36a, 42, 43, 36b, 37a, b ”,
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD90F04AA1DF8070038F800" box="[261,377,2008,2032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1981-12-07">7.xii.1981</date>
|
||
; Fukushima, Hirono, Asami River,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD90F04A80EF8070225F800" box="[790,868,2008,2032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal and larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0342),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AB8FFF48005FFF5F" box="[151,286,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2001-08-15">15.viii.2001</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AACCFF48031EFF5F" box="[468,607,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2001-08-21">21.viii.2001</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05A96BFF4803FFFF5F" box="[627,702,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05A9EDFF480214FF5F" box="[757,853,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with 2 pupal and 2 larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0343, T0344), as previous except
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AAD2FF63036AFF24" box="[458,555,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-05-05">5.v.2002</date>
|
||
(adults emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A9F2FF6302EDFF24" box="[746,940,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-05-11" valueMax="2002-05-15" valueMin="2002-05-11">11 and 15.v.2002</date>
|
||
); Fukushima, Iwaki, Yaguki, small stream,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AE96FF630199FF07" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AA0AFF000034FF07" box="[274,373,223,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with 4 pupal and 4 larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0345–0348),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AF3CFF0005EAFF07" box="[1060,1195,223,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2001-08-15">15.viii.2001</date>
|
||
(adults emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AE6AFF000063FEEC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2001-08-26" valueMax="2001-08-28" valueMin="2001-08-26">26– 28.viii.2001</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AA23FEDB00E3FEEC" box="[315,418,260,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal exuviae (SUM-IC-T0349), as previous except
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AF43FEDB05A2FEEC" box="[1115,1251,260,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-08-14">14.viii.2008</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AB8FFEF80063FECF" box="[151,290,295,319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-08-25">25.viii.2008</date>
|
||
); Kanagawa, Kiyokawa, Miyagase, small stream, 1 larva (SUM-IC-T0350),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AF9CFEF805BEFECF" box="[1156,1279,295,319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1998-06-14">14.vi.1998</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AE13FEF70423FECF" box="[1291,1378,295,319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
|
||
with 7 pupal and 7 larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0351–0357),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05A9E5FE93021EFE94" box="[765,863,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal exuviae (SUM-IC-T0358), and 1 larva (SUM-IC-T0359), as previous except
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A956FEB00387FE77" box="[590,710,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-06-13">13.vi.1999</date>
|
||
(adults emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A888FEB00577FE77" box="[912,1078,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-06-15" valueMax="1999-06-29" valueMin="1999-06-15">15–29.vi.1999</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AF55FEB005DAFE77" box="[1101,1179,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal and larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0360), as previous except
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A9BAFE4B0245FE5C" box="[674,772,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-10-03">3.x.1999</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A8A2FE4B056FFE5C" box="[954,1070,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-10-15">15.x.1999</date>
|
||
); Shizuoka, Shimo, Kujiragaike,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AB8FFE6801B2FE3F" box="[151,243,439,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(SUM-IC-T0361, T0362),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A936FE6803E8FE3F" box="[558,681,439,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1987-11-30">30.xi.1987</date>
|
||
; Shizuoka, Ashikubo, small stream,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AF57FE6805DCFE3F" box="[1103,1181,439,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal and larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0363),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AAD4FE030302FE04" box="[460,579,476,500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1990-09-20">20.ix.1990</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A9E4FE030239FE04" box="[764,888,476,500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1990-09-27">27.ix.1990</date>
|
||
); Shizuoka, Yokosawa, Abe River,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AE11FE030417FE04" box="[1289,1366,476,500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05AE96FE0301AFFDE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
with 3 pupal and 3 larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0364–0366),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A891FE200550FDE7" box="[905,1041,511,535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-08-29">29.viii.1999</date>
|
||
(adults emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AFC8FE20041BFDE7" box="[1232,1370,511,535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-09-03" valueMax="1999-09-09" valueMin="1999-09-03">3–9.ix.1999</date>
|
||
); Shizuoka, Udo Hills, small stream,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05A915FDFB0328FDCC" box="[525,617,548,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(SUM-IC-T0367–0369),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05A888FDFB02BCFDCC" box="[912,1021,548,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1984-06-04">4.vi.1984</date>
|
||
; Shizuoka, Shimizu, Yanbara, small stream,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05ABE9FD980012FDAF" box="[241,339,583,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal exuviae (SUM-IC-T0370), and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05A85AFD9802DDFDAF" box="[834,924,583,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(SUM-IC-T0371, T0372),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AFCBFD980413FDAF" box="[1235,1362,583,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-07-23">23.vii.2008</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AA19FDB300C5FD74" box="[257,388,620,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-07-30">30.vii.2008</date>
|
||
); Shizuoka, Uchimaki, Uchimaki River,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05A842FDB302F6FD74" box="[858,951,620,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(SUM-IC-T0389, T0390),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AFEAFDB3041EFD74" box="[1266,1375,620,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010-06-05">5.vi.2010</date>
|
||
; Shizuoka, Hamakita, Hainoki River,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD80F05A917FD50031BFD57" box="[527,602,655,679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal and larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0373),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AF91FD5005ADFD57" box="[1161,1260,655,679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-02-08">8.ii.2003</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD80F05AB8FFD6B01BFFD3C" box="[151,254,692,716]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-02-09">9.ii.2003</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD80F03ABDDFD08026CFF07" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFD0802FBFD1F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[197,954,727,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFD0800DBFD00" bold="true" box="[197,410,727,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 22). Body length 2.4–3.4 (2.8, n = 16) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFD230032FC54" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFD230001FCE4" box="[197,320,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD80F05AAA8FD230342FCE4" box="[432,515,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,672,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,661,1899]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), male (29 – 31) and female (32). 29, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 30, wing; 31, hypopygium, dorsal view; 32, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205929/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
) mostly pale yellow. Lateral scutal vittae pale brown, with dark markings anteriorly and posteriorly; but median vittae indistinct from thoracic pale yellow ground color; prescutellar area with dark marking along median line. Anepisternum II, preepisternum and postnotum brown. Abdomen pale yellow with dark bands; band broad on tergites III, IV, VI–VIII, and absent on tergites I, II, V. Wing without pattern. Legs largely pale yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFC6F05DAFBFF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFC6F0040FC38" box="[197,257,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Temporals
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD80F05AA96FC7000B1FC37" box="[398,496,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="15.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="11.0">11–19 in</quantity>
|
||
number, uniserial. AR 1.3–1.8. Clypeus rounded with 14–23 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm) 35–45 (39, n = 12), 55–75 (61, n = 12), 130–183 (166, n = 12), 135–180 (163, n = 12) and 220–313 (260, n = 12); Pm4 0.9–1.0 times as long as Pm3; Pm5 1.4–1.8 times as long as Pm4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFBC003B1FB8F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFBC00057FBC7" box="[197,278,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Aps
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD80F05AA79FBC000ECFBC7" box="[353,429,1055,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
|
||
number, located laterally. Ac 28–44, biserial, evenly diverging posteriorly; Dc 11–26 including 1–4 Prs, uni- or biserial; H 6–13; Pa 9–17, multiserial; Su 1. Scutellum with group of 7–19 short anterior setae and transverse row of 8–12 long posterior setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFB530587FB52" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[197,1222,1162,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFB5301BCFB53" box="[197,253,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD80F05AA16FB550023FB52" box="[270,354,1162,1186]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,672,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,661,1899]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), male (29 – 31) and female (32). 29, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 30, wing; 31, hypopygium, dorsal view; 32, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205929/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length 1.6–2.4 (1.9, n = 16) mm. Squama with 20–35 setae; VR 0.85–0.92.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFB6F0361FAA9" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFB6F01BBFB37" box="[197,250,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Spur of foretibia 33–45 (40, n = 16) μm long, with 4–6 lateral teeth; spurs of midtibia 55–68 (62, n = 16) and 25–39 (34, n = 16) μm long, with 4–5 and 3–4 lateral teeth, respectively; spurs of hind tibia 55–73 (67, n = 16) and 28–40 (35, n = 16) μm long, each with 3 or 4 lateral teeth; hind tibial comb consisting of 5–7 spines. Pseudospurs present on ta1–3 or ta1–4 of all legs; claw apically pointed with 1 long basoventral spine. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDFFAB803B7FA35" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDFFAB80017FA8E" box="[199,342,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hypopygium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD80F05AA7DFABA00F8FA8D" box="[357,441,1381,1405]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,672,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,661,1899]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), male (29 – 31) and female (32). 29, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 30, wing; 31, hypopygium, dorsal view; 32, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205929/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonocoxite 148–188 (162, n = 16) μm long and 2.7–2.9 times as long as broad at middle. Gonostylus 118–153 (131, n = 16) μm long; HR 1.2–1.3. Phallapodeme conspicuously elongated, and its posterior tip reaching 0.48–0.55 from base of gonocoxite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFA0D0261FA19" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[197,800,1489,1514]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFA0D005DFA1A" bold="true" box="[197,284,1490,1514]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 8). Body length 1.5–2.1 (1.7, n = 5) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDFA290343F9FD" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[197,514,1525,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDFA290001F9FE" box="[197,320,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Similar to male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDF9C6009EF950" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDF9C60040F9C1" box="[197,257,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Temporals
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD80F05AA95F9C600B1F9C1" box="[397,496,1561,1585]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 in</quantity>
|
||
number. Antenna with terminal flagellomere longer than preceding 2 flagellomeres together; AR 0.24–0.27. Clypeus with 22–34 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm) 38–50 (44, n = 4), 55–70 (61, n = 4), 145–175 (158, n = 4), 140–180 (156, n = 4) and 225–283 (248, n = 4); Pm4 almost as long as Pm3; Pm5 1.5–1.8 times as long as Pm4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDF9700307F91B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDF9700057F937" box="[197,278,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Aps
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD80F05AA44F97000E4F937" box="[348,421,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
|
||
number, Ac 31–45, Dc 23–39, H 16–23, Pa 13–21, Su 1. Scts composed of 18–25 short anterior and 9–12 long posterior setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDF927050EF8FF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[197,1103,1783,1807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDF9270047F8FF" box="[197,262,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wing.</emphasis>
|
||
Length 1.4–1.9 (1.6, n = 6) mm. Squama with 20–37 setae; VR 0.85–0.91.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDF8C3032AF86F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDF8C301BBF8C3" box="[197,250,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Spur of foretibia 35–45 (39, n = 7) μm long, with 4 or 5 lateral teeth; spurs of midtibia 50–63 (57, n = 7) and 30–38 (33, n = 7) μm long, each with 3 or 4 lateral teeth; spurs of hind tibia 60–70 (64, n = 7) and 33–35 (33, n = 7) μm long, with 3–4 and 2–3 lateral teeth, respectively; hind tibial comb consisting of 6 or 7 spines. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD80F05ABDDF874029CF817" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD80F05ABDDF874006EF833" box="[197,303,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD80F05AA26F87400D5F833" box="[318,404,1963,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,672,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,661,1899]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), male (29 – 31) and female (32). 29, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 30, wing; 31, hypopygium, dorsal view; 32, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205929/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
). Notum 90–113 (97, n = 5) μm long. Seminal capsule pale, 68–73 (70, n = 3) μm long and 53–60 (56, n = 3) μm wide. Segment X with 7–13 short setae on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AB8FFF47041DFF2F" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02AB8FFF470041FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,256,152,174]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDF0F02A9B7FF47050BFF5D" authority="Sasa et Okazawa" authorityName="Sasa et Okazawa" box="[687,1098,152,173]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02A9B7FF4702CBFF5D" box="[687,906,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paramerina togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
(Sasa
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02A8D4FF47029FFF5D" box="[972,990,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et</emphasis>
|
||
Okazawa)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (n = 16) and female (n = 7). fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BR
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AB87FF2A0192FEFB" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[159,211,245,267]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AA1EFEC004C7FEC4" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[262,1414,286,312]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">p1 616–828 616–960 465–707 343–465 212–313 141–202 81–111 0.71–0.78 3.8–5.3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AA55FE970534FEAE" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[333,1141,327,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(703) (828) (621) (413) (285) (179) (100)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AA1EFEAD04C6FE77" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[262,1415,369,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">p2 697–980 556–859 495–747 283–394 172–232 121–162 81–101 0.81–0.92 5.4–8.7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AA55FE440528FE41" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[333,1129,410,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(834) (734) (646) (343) (206) (139) (90)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AA1EFE1A04C6FE29" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[262,1415,451,477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">p3 586–828 697–1172 596–879 354–515 242–354 152–222 81–111 0.75–0.86 6.6–7.9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AA55FE320537FDF3" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[333,1142,493,515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(698) (960) (756) (434) (301) (193) (101)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AB87FDC901ABFDDC" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" box="[159,234,534,556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Female</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02AA1EFD9F0528FCD4" blockId="12.[151,1433,151,805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">p1 545–707 616–848 495–667 283–404 202–283 121–162 81–101 0.76–0.81 (613) (714) (560) (341) (233) (141) (91) p2 667–899 616–848 515–687 212–343 152–212 111–152 76–101 0.81–0.88 (759) (708) (590) (296) (189) (127) (87) p3 566–768 788–1091 576–788 323–404 232–323 141–202 81–111 0.72–0.74 (659) (895) (652) (368) (271) (170) (96)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02ABDDFCB60265FC71" blockId="12.[151,1437,873,2030]" box="[197,804,873,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02ABDDFCB60042FC71" bold="true" box="[197,259,873,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 25). Body length 2.9–4.0 (3.4, n = 23) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02ABDDFC5200BCFC39" blockId="12.[151,1437,873,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02ABDDFC520001FC55" box="[197,320,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Exuviae generally brown. Abdomen brown with scar and apophyses darkened; occasionally tergites III–VI pale posterolaterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02ABDDFC0A05A7FBA9" blockId="12.[151,1437,873,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02ABDDFC0A002CFC1D" box="[197,365,981,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Thoracic horn (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02A933FC0A033CFC1D" box="[555,637,981,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
) 188–290 (214, n = 23) μm long, 3.4–4.8 times as long as broad, with oval corona occupying its apical 0.16–0.44; plastron plate oval, 25–50 (39, n = 23) μm long, 0.42–0.56 times as long as corona, and 3.3–5.7 times as long as width of its neck; respiratory atrium relatively smooth on surface, with well-developed apical diverticulum. Thoracic comb composed of 8–13 apically rounded tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02ABDDFBBA05D3FAC7" blockId="12.[151,1437,873,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02ABDDFBBA006EFB8D" box="[197,303,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02AA25FBBA00D3FB8D" box="[317,402,1125,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shagreen spinules dense and strong on sternite II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02A8CDFBBA0569FB8D" box="[981,1064,1125,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
), sparse and weak on other sternites and tergites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02AA41FB5600EEFB51" box="[345,431,1161,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segment VII with 4 LS-setae and 1 L-seta on each side; LS1-seta positioned 0.41–0.51 from anterior margin of segment. Segment VIII with 5 LS-setae on each side; LS1-seta positioned 0.21–0.28 from anterior margin of segment. Anal lobe 295–395 (338, n = 23) μm long, 3.2–3.7 times as long as wide, with 15–23 pale spines along outer boarder; anterior and posterior anal macrosetae located respectively 0.36–0.45 and 0.50– 0.56 from anterior margin of anal lobe. Male genital sac 1.2–1.3 times as long as anal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02ABDDFA9C02FFFAAA" blockId="12.[151,1437,873,2030]" box="[197,958,1346,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02ABDDFA9C00EAFAAB" bold="true" box="[197,427,1346,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 31). Body length 3.2–6.3 (5.0, n = 9) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02ABDDFAB805A4FA8F" blockId="12.[151,1437,873,2030]" box="[197,1253,1383,1407]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02ABDDFAB80001FA8F" box="[197,320,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Head dark brown on postoccipital margin, and body generally reddish when alive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDF0F02ABDDFA54029FF81E" blockId="12.[151,1437,873,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDF0F02ABDDFA540043FA53" box="[197,258,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02AA09FA550027FA52" box="[273,358,1418,1442]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length 556–576 (564, n = 10) μm; cephalic index 0.49–0.54. Dorsal cephalic setae S1–3 and S8 simple, S4–7 3- or 4-branched; S8 directly mesal to S7, and anterolateral to S5; dorsal ssensory pore absent. Ventral cephalic setae S9 and S10 simple, and SSm 3- or 4-branched; S10 posteromedial to S9, directly anterior to sensory pore, and these ventral setae and sensory pore all anterolateral to SSm; S9, S10 and SSm arranged almost in line. Postmentum weakly rugose anteriorly. Antenna 0.45–0.49 times as long as head capsule; lengths of first to fourth segments (in μm) 185–223 (196, n = 10), 70–80 (75, n = 10), 4–5 (4, n = 10) and 4–5 (4, n = 10); AR 2.2–2.5. First segment 7.4–8.2 times as long as its basal width, with ring organ positioned 0.64–0.72 from base; blade 75–85 (80, n = 5) μm long, reaching middle of segment 3; accessory blade 78–88 (82, n = 7) μm long. Second segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02AE77F94D01F5F93E" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
) 9.3–10.3 times as long as its basal width; style 7–10 (8, n = 6) μm long, reaching middle of segment 4; inner peg sensillum 5–6 (5, n = 11) μm long, fused with apical margin of segment 2; outer peg sensillum 4–5 (5, n = 11) μm long, normal. Third segment subequal to segment 4, and placed on membranous base. Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02AE08F9210423F8E6" box="[1296,1378,1790,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
) 78– 88 (82, n = 16) μm long, 0.29–0.30 times as long as antenna, with apical tooth 2.7–3.0 times as long as basal width. Basal segment of maxillary palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02A903F899032EF8AE" box="[539,623,1862,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
) 31–33 (32, n = 15) μm long, 3.0–3.4 times as long as wide, with ring organ positioned 0.62–0.69 from base. Ligula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDF0F02A9A8F8B50242F872" box="[688,771,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
) 73–80 (76, n = 14) μm long, 2.0–2.3 times as long as its toothed width, with granulose area rounded and occupying its basal 0.21–0.28; median tooth 1.7–2.0 times as long as wide. Paraligula 30–35 (33, n = 14) μm long, with fork positioned 0.57–0.67 from base; outer spine 2.0–2.6 times as long as inner spine. Pecten hypopharyngis with row of 8–11 teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDE0F03ABDDFF47026CFF07" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03ABDDFF4701BCFF40" box="[197,253,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Body</emphasis>
|
||
. Procercus 3.8–4.4 times as long as wide with 7 anal setae; both lateral setae located respectively 0.33– 0.36 and 0.66–0.76 from base. Posterior parapod with 16 yellow claws serrated along inner and/or outer margin; one of smaller claws bifid with semicircular base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFDE0F03A9D4FF000261FF07" box="[716,800,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Paramerina togavicea (Sasa et Okazawa), pupa (33 – 36) and larva (37 – 42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII – IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19 – 28." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFDE0F01ABDDFEDB035AFC54" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDE0F03ABDDFEDB0585FDAF" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03ABDDFEDB0078FEEC" bold="true" box="[197,313,260,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDE0F03A98CFEDB02E5FEEC" box="[660,932,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03A98CFEDB02E5FEEC" box="[660,932,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Krenopelopia togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDE0F03AF5BFEDB04D5FEEC" author="Sasa" box="[1091,1428,260,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Sasa, M. & Okazawa, T. (1992 b) Studies on the chironomid midges (yusurika) of Toga-mura, Toyama. Part 3. The subfamilies Diamesinae and Tanypodinae. In: Some Characteristics of Nature Conservation within the Chief Rivers in Toyama Prefecture (The Upper Reach of Kurobe River). Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, Kosugi, pp. 205 - 230." type="book chapter" year="1992" yearSuffix="b">Sasa & Okazawa 1992b: 214</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) noted, “Costa ending much proximal to tip of M”. However, the feature does not match with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDE0F03AFE4FEF704D4FEB0" box="[1276,1429,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03AFE4FEF704D4FEB0" box="[1276,1429,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Krenopelopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which costa ends above or slightly beyond M (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDE0F03A9D7FE93029EFE94" author="Murray" box="[719,991,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Murray, D. A. & Fittkau, E. J. (1989) The adult males of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 34, 37 - 123." type="journal article" year="1989">Murray & Fittkau 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further they wrote, “Ground color of scutum yellow, median and lateral stripes brownish yellow”. We re-examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFDE0F03AF2FFEB005D8FE77" box="[1079,1177,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and it was proved that the male has inner midtibial spurs each with an elongated main tooth and four lateral teeth, abdominal tergite IX without setae, and very long phallapodemes in the hypopygium, and that the scutal vittae are indistinct because of the treatment with KOH solution, but dark markings are distinct on the lateral scutal vittae anteriorly and posteriorly, and the prescutellar area along the median line. Moreover, the re-examination has shown that the male abdomen is pale on tergites II and V. The species thus is valid as a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDE0F03A8FEFDFA052CFDCC" box="[998,1133,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03A8FEFDFA052CFDCC" box="[998,1133,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paramerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, characterized by the dark scutal markings and the male abdomen with anterior dark bands on the tergites III, IV, VI–VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7063C7FFDE0F03AB8FF85902B7F84B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205929/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[177,1421,672,1893]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDE0F03AB8FF85902B7F84B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1926,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03AB8FF8590012F86B" bold="true" box="[151,339,1926,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURES 29–32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDE0F03AA41F8580241F86C" authority="Sasa et Okazawa" authorityName="Sasa et Okazawa" box="[345,768,1926,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03AA41F858037AF86C" box="[345,571,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paramerina togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
(Sasa
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDE0F03A966F85803D1F86C" box="[638,656,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et</emphasis>
|
||
Okazawa)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (29–31) and female (32). 29, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 30, wing; 31, hypopygium, dorsal view; 32, genitalia, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7063C7FFDD0F00AB8FFAA405FEF9FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205930/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[179,1419,212,1357]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDD0F00AB8FFAA405FEF9FC" blockId="14.[151,1436,1403,1548]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00AB8FFAA40014FA61" bold="true" box="[151,341,1403,1426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 33–42.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDD0F00AA45FAA2024FFA61" authority="Sasa et Okazawa" authorityName="Sasa et Okazawa" box="[349,782,1403,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00AA45FAA20303FA62" box="[349,578,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paramerina togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
(Sasa
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00A992FAA203DDFA62" box="[650,668,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et</emphasis>
|
||
Okazawa)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pupa (33–36) and larva (37–42). 33, Thoracic horn with basal lobe; 34, abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 35, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 36, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 37, head with chaetotaxy, dorsal view (R) and ventral view (L); 38, apex of antenna; 39, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 40, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 41, ligula and paraligula; 42, smaller claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations as in Figures 19–28.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDD0F00ABDDF9E605C2F8BD" blockId="14.[151,1437,1593,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The pupa and the adult male will easily key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDD0F00A9CEF9E5021CF9A1" box="[726,861,1594,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00A9CEF9E5021CF9A1" box="[726,861,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paramerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00A89AF9E605DDF9A1" author="Fittkau" box="[898,1180,1593,1618]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Fittkau, E. J. & Murray, D. A. (1986) The pupae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 28, 31 - 113." type="journal article" year="1986">Fittkau & Murray (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00AFCCF9E501A2F985" author="Murray" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Murray, D. A. & Fittkau, E. J. (1989) The adult males of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 34, 37 - 123." type="journal article" year="1989">Murray & Fittkau (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively. The larva, however, will key past neither couplet
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFDD0F00A8AAF98202AAF985" box="[946,1003,1629,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00A8EAF9820451F985" author="Fittkau" box="[1010,1296,1629,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Fittkau, E. J. & Roback, S. S. (1983) The larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 19, 33 - 110." type="journal article" year="1983">Fittkau & Roback (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, nor couplet
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFDD0F00AB8FF95E0193F969" box="[151,210,1665,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00ABC3F95E002CF969" author="Epler" box="[219,365,1665,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Epler, J. H. (2001) Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, and St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, 526 pp." type="book" year="2001">Epler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, nor couplet 16’ in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00A94AF95E021EF969" box="[594,863,1665,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Ferrington, L. C., Berg, M. B. & Coffman, W. P. (2008) Chironomidae. In: Merritt, R. W., Cummins, K. W. & Berg, M. B. (Eds) An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Fourth edition. Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, pp. 847 - 989." type="book chapter">
|
||
Ferrington
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00A9C9F95D0245F969" box="[721,772,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because of the second antennal segment having a normal outer peg sensillum and an inner peg sensillum fused with its apex.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00A8C5F97A05EBF94D" author="Epler" box="[989,1194,1701,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Epler, J. H. (2001) Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, and St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, 526 pp." type="book" year="2001">Epler (2001: 4.61)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote concerning the North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDD0F00AA43F91500A3F911" box="[347,482,1738,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00AA43F91500A3F911" box="[347,482,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paramerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, “Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00A9DCF91602A9F911" author="Fittkau" box="[708,1000,1737,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Fittkau, E. J. & Roback, S. S. (1983) The larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 19, 33 - 110." type="journal article" year="1983">Fittkau & Roback (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the claws of the posterior parapods were simple, some species possess bifid small claws.” Also the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDD0F00AF3EF93105EEF8F5" box="[1062,1199,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00AF3EF93105EEF8F5" box="[1062,1199,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is armed with a bifid small claw on the posterior parapod. In addition, the larval maxillary palp has a single basal segment that is 3.0–3.4 times as long as wide and provided with a ring organ at 0.62–0.69 distance from the base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDD0F01ABDDF886052BFD90" blockId="14.[151,1437,1593,2014]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,932]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The species much resembles
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00A908F885032DF881" box="[528,620,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
, which was reported under the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDD0F00AF39F88505E5F881" box="[1057,1188,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDD0F00AF39F88505E5F881" box="[1057,1188,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pentaneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of males from Gotemba City, Shizuoka Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFDD0F00A96BF8A103F7F865" box="[627,694,1918,1941]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDD0F00A9FEF8A202F7F865" author="Tokunaga" box="[742,950,1917,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1937 a) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera), IX. Tanypodinae and Diamesinae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 62, 21 - 65." type="journal article" year="1937" yearSuffix="a">Tokunaga (1937a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. He wrote (p. 53), “Body
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFDD0F00AFC7F8A2043EF865" box="[1247,1407,1917,1941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5 to 3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, yellowish white, with lateral vittae, but without median vittae on scutum. Abdomen yellowish white, first tergum with a pair of faint pale brown clouds; second without markings; third and fourth each with a broad brown cephalic band; fifth with a faint pale brown median cloud; the following three broadly or entirely brown.” However, the species is distinct from the European
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01A9A8FF62024DFF24" box="[688,780,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
. The male somewhat differs from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AFEAFF62040FFF24" box="[1266,1358,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
in the indistinct median scutal vittae (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01A93FFF0003FAFF07" author="Walker" box="[551,699,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Volume 3. Lovell & Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 352." type="book" year="1856">Walker 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01A9DFFF0002D9FF07" author="Goetghebuer" box="[711,920,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Goetghebuer, M. (1936) Tendipedidae (Chironomidae). a) Subfamily Pelopiinae (Tanypodinae). A. Die Imagines. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 13 b. E. Schweizertbart'sche verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1936">Goetghebuer 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01A8C9FF000521FF07" author="Fittkau" box="[977,1120,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the latter species). Also the pupa is separable from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01A90AFEDA032DFEEC" box="[530,620,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
. The thoracic horn is provided with an oval corona and a relatively large plastron plate, which is 0.42–0.53 times as long as the corona and 3.3–5.7 times as long as the width of its neck: while that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AA35FE9200C9FE94" box="[301,392,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
has a somewhat triangular corona and a smaller plastron plate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01AF42FE9304D9FE94" author="Zavrel" box="[1114,1432,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Zavrel, J. & Thienemann, A. (1921) Die Metamorphose der Tanypinen. Archiv fur Hydrobiolie, Supplement Band, 2, 655 - 784." type="journal article" year="1921">Zavȓel & Thienemann 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 7B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01ABEBFEB000C5FE77" author="Fittkau" box="[243,388,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 274;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01AAEDFEAF03D5FE77" author="Langton" box="[501,660,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A key to pupal exuviae of British Chironomidae. Private publication, March, Cambridgeshire, 324 pp." type="book" year="1984">Langton 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 17a). The abdominal segment VII has four pairs of LS-setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDC0F01AE9FFEAE0045FE5C" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AE9FFEAE0045FE5C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but three pairs of LS-setae in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01A969FE4A038FFE5C" box="[625,718,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01A9FBFE4B0238FE5C" author="Fittkau" box="[739,889,404,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 284b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01AF18FE4A05E2FE5C" author="Langton" box="[1024,1187,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A key to pupal exuviae of British Chironomidae. Private publication, March, Cambridgeshire, 324 pp." type="book" year="1984">Langton 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 17a). Differences between the larvae of these species are more distinct. The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDC0F01A867FE660549FE20" box="[895,1032,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01A867FE660549FE20" box="[895,1032,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a uni-colored head capsule, and posterior parapods each with a bifid small claw. In contrast, that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01A899FE02029DFE04" box="[897,988,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. d iv i s a</emphasis>
|
||
has a bi-colored head capsule (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01AE22FE030036FDE7" author="Rieradevall" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Rieradevall, M. & Brooks, S. J. (2001) An identification guide to subfossil Tanypodinae larvae (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) based on cephalic setation. Journal of Paleolimnology, 25, 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="2001">Rieradevall & Brooks 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and posterior parapods without bifid claws (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01A86CFE200549FDE7" author="Laville" box="[884,1032,511,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Laville, H. (1971) Recherches sur les Chironomides (Diptera) lacustres du massif de Neouvielle (Hautes-Pyrenees). Premiere partie. Systematique, ecologie, phenologie. Annales de Limnologie, 7, 173 - 332." type="journal article" year="1971">Laville 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the larva of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AE21FDDE0187FDCC" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. t o g a v - icea</emphasis>
|
||
has a maxillary palp with a single basal segment, and second antennal segment fused with the inner peg sensillum at the apex, which are unique features among the known larvae of this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDC0F01ABDDFDB20426FD57" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
We re-examined also the voucher specimens, deposited in NSMT, reported under the name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDC0F01AE0CFDB2019BFD58" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AE0CFDB2019BFD58" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paramerina divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01AA1BFD500365FD57" author="Sasa" box="[259,548,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Sasa, M. & Hasegawa, H. (1988) Additional records of the chironomid midges from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan (Diptera, Chironomidae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 39, 229 - 256." type="journal article" year="1988">Sasa & Hasegawa (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Morphological features of the adult and the pupa fit those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDC0F01AFCFFD4E0421FD58" box="[1239,1376,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togavicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AFCFFD4E0421FD58" box="[1239,1376,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. togavicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFDC0F01ABDDFD6A035AFC54" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In the report of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDC0F01AA98FD6A021DFD3C" authority="Tokunaga (1937a: 53)" authorityName="Tokunaga" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1937" box="[384,860,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AA98FD6A030EFD3C" box="[384,591,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pentaneura divisa</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFDC0F01A978FD6B021DFD3C" author="Tokunaga" box="[608,860,692,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1937 a) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera), IX. Tanypodinae and Diamesinae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 62, 21 - 65." type="journal article" year="1937" yearSuffix="a">Tokunaga (1937a: 53)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wrote, “In a small male specimen from the same locality, the pale brown clouds of the first and fifth terga disappear, being entirely yellow, and the penultimate segment of the antenna is abnormally short, the antennal ratio being only 0.83.” The small specimen may be
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AE4BFD22019AFCC8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. o k i - genga</emphasis>
|
||
, although we have not examined the small specimen as well as the large one. These specimens are still extant in the Kyushu University Museum, but their conditions are too poor to make necessary observations because of the long-term alcoholic storage (Tadauchi, pers. comm.). Actually, the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFDC0F01A8E3FCB6053EFC70" box="[1019,1151,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="okigenga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01A8E3FCB6053EFC70" box="[1019,1151,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. okigenga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFDC0F01AFAFFCB6047CFC70" box="[1207,1341,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. t o g a v i c e a</emphasis>
|
||
are frequently found in the same locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |