216 lines
29 KiB
XML
216 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="999057EB32254CCB4357339F5C2A64A6" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003" ID-ISSN="2213-2244" ID-PMC="PMC3862492" ID-PubMed="24533312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10933713" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1712341386001" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Yabsley, Michael J. & Shock, Barbara C." docDate="2013" docId="03A4885AEB45FFEBFC9EF8EB6B249D86" docLanguage="en" docName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2.18-31.pdf" docOrigin="International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931.2:IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931" docStyleName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Babesia duncani" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FF9DF022EB41FFEEFFBBFFC869799E05" masterDocTitle="Natural history of Zoonotic Babesia: Role of wildlife reservoirs" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1712930538702" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D4E9BFA8EB411DFEE331F787408E23DE">Natural history of Zoonotic Babesia: Role of wildlife reservoirs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="839F96EBD8E5BF2414CC03E7F0E17FC2">Yabsley, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75541DF7B146EB38651DF1596ED0B92F">Shock, Barbara C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3B45B23A8F439A4D209A14DE614DCC19">International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="89D55340CBCDC7510C37897237B9731C">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B74811B1C156B72D7345EEF2C72CE6AF">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="51DEFC3082310FE60DA01D00FC955D2B" type="DOI">10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A4885AEB45FFEBFC9EF8EB6B249D86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4885AEB45FFEBFC9EF8EB6B249D86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4885AEB45FFEBFC9EF8EB6B249D86" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C3176AC7EB45FFEAFC9EF8EB6A859932" box="[805,1020,1827,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB45FFEAFC9EF8EB6A859932" blockId="4.[805,1474,1827,2014]" box="[805,1020,1827,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B979E55EEB45FFEAFC9EF8EB6A859932" box="[805,1020,1827,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
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2.1.2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB45FFEAFCE4F8EB6A859932" box="[863,1020,1827,1847]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="duncani">Babesia duncani</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176AC7EB45FFEBFCFFF8886B249D86" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB45FFEBFCFFF8886BEC9EE0" blockId="4.[805,1474,1827,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[113,784,181,899]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
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A
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB45FFEAFCE1F8F76AB19956" box="[858,968,1855,1875]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B979E55EEB45FFEAFCE1F8F76ADA9956" box="[858,931,1855,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Babesia</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(originally referred to as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB45FFEAFB68F8F76C389956" box="[1235,1345,1855,1875]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B979E55EEB45FFEAFB68F8F76C659956" box="[1235,1308,1855,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Babesia</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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WA1), morphologically indistinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB45FFEAFB22F8936D81996A" box="[1177,1272,1883,1903]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
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<emphasis id="B979E55EEB45FFEAFB22F8936D81996A" box="[1177,1272,1883,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">B. microti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, was recognized in babesiosis patients from
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<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB45FFEAFB91F8B06DDD998E" box="[1066,1188,1912,1931]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Washington</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB45FFEAFB66F8B06C47998E" box="[1245,1342,1912,1931]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">California</collectingRegion>
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in the early 1990s (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB45FFEAFCCFF85C6D4B99A2" author="Quick, R. E. & Herwaldt, B. L. & Thomford, J. W. & Garnett, M. E. & Eberhard, M. L. & Wilson, M. & Spach, D. H. & Dickerson, J. W. & Telford 3 rd, S. R. & Steingart, K. R. & Pollock, R. & Persing, D. H. & Kobayashi, J. M. & Juranek, D. D. & Conrad, P. A." box="[884,1074,1940,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="284 - 290" refId="ref22380" refString="Quick, R. E., Herwaldt, B. L., Thomford, J. W., Garnett, M. E., Eberhard, M. L., Wilson, M., Spach, D. H., Dickerson, J. W., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Steingart, K. R., Pollock, R., Persing, D. H., Kobayashi, J. M., Juranek, D. D., Conrad, P. A., 1993. Babesiosis in Washington State: a new species of Babesia? Ann. Intern. Med. 119, 284 - 290." type="journal article" year="1993">Quick et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB45FFEAFBFAF85C6C5F99A2" author="Thomford, J. W. & Conrad, P. A. & Telford 3 rd, S. R. & Mathiesen, D. & Bowman, B. H. & Spielman, A. & Eberhard, M. L. & Herwaldt, B. L. & Quick, R. E. & Persing, D. H." box="[1089,1318,1940,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="1050 - 1056" refId="ref25156" refString="Thomford, J. W., Conrad, P. A., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Mathiesen, D., Bowman, B. H., Spielman, A., Eberhard, M. L., Herwaldt, B. L., Quick, R. E., Persing, D. H., 1994. Cultivation and phylogenetic characterization of a newly recognized human pathogenic protozoan. J. Infect. Dis. 169, 1050 - 1056." type="journal article" year="1994">Thomford et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). This parasite has been formally named
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB45FFEAFB9CF8676C2599C6" authority="(Conrad et al., 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1063,1372,1967,1987]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="duncani">
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<emphasis id="B979E55EEB45FFEAFB9CF8676DF299C6" box="[1063,1163,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">B. duncani</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB45FFEAFB22F8786C2B99C6" author="Conrad, P. A. & Kjemtrup, A. M. & Carreno, R. A. & Thomford, J. & Wainwright, K. & Eberhard, M. & Quick, R. & Telford 3 rd, S. R. & Herwaldt, B. L." box="[1177,1362,1968,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="779 - 789" refId="ref16670" refString="Conrad, P. A., Kjemtrup, A. M., Carreno, R. A., Thomford, J., Wainwright, K., Eberhard, M., Quick, R., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Herwaldt, B. L., 2006. Description of Babesia duncani n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms. Int. J. Parasitol. 36, 779 - 789." type="journal article" year="2006">Conrad et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although morphologically similar parasites have been reported from people in
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<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFF31FF7E69929ECC" box="[138,235,182,201]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">California</collectingRegion>
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previously, it is unknown if these were
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFDC1FF7D6BA79ECC" box="[634,734,181,201]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="duncani">
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<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFDC1FF7D6BA79ECC" box="[634,734,181,201]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. duncani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFD46FF7D6A699ECC" box="[765,784,181,201]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B.</emphasis>
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sp.
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<collectionCode id="ED1CA189EB44FFEBFF2FFF1A69C99EE0" box="[148,176,210,229]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
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<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB44FFEBFF0CFF1B699D9EE3" box="[183,228,211,230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFF48FF1A68B69EE0" author="Scholtens, R. G. & Braff, E. H. & Healy, G. R. & Gleason, N." box="[243,463,210,230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="810 - 813" refId="ref23607" refString="Scholtens, R. G., Braff, E. H., Healy, G. R., Gleason, N., 1968. A case of babesiosis in man in the United States. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 17, 810 - 813." type="journal article" year="1968">Scholtens et al., 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFE62FF1A6BF19EE0" author="Bredt, A. B. & Weinstein, W. M. & Cohen, S." box="[473,648,210,230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="1938 - 1939" refId="ref15785" refString="Bredt, A. B., Weinstein, W. M., Cohen, S., 1981. Treatment of babesiosis in asplenic patients. JAMA 245, 1938 - 1939." type="journal article" year="1981">Bredt et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB44FFEBFF2BFF2668E89C1D" blockId="5.[113,784,181,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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Importantly, cases have been documented in immunocompetent individuals with spleens as well as immunocompromised individuals and blood transfusion-acquired cases have been reported (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFF78FE8A68E39F50" author="Herwaldt, B. L. & Linden, J. V. & Bosserman, E. & Young, C. & Olkowska, D. & Wilson, M." box="[195,410,322,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="509 - 519" refId="ref18622" refString="Herwaldt, B. L., Linden, J. V., Bosserman, E., Young, C., Olkowska, D., Wilson, M., 2011. Transfusion-associated babesiosis in the United States: a description of cases. Ann. Intern. Med. 155, 509 - 519." type="journal article" year="2011">Herwaldt et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFE1EFE8A6B2A9F50" author="Bloch, E. M. & Herwaldt, B. L. & Leiby, D. A. & Shaieb, A. & Herron, R. M. & Chervenak, M. & Reed, W. & Hunter, R. & Ryals, R. & Hagar, W. & Xayavong, M. V. & Slemenda, S. B. & Pieniazek, N. J. & Wilkins, P. P. & Kjemtrup, A. M." box="[421,595,322,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="1517 - 1522" refId="ref15233" refString="Bloch, E. M., Herwaldt, B. L., Leiby, D. A., Shaieb, A., Herron, R. M., Chervenak, M., Reed, W., Hunter, R., Ryals, R., Hagar, W., Xayavong, M. V., Slemenda, S. B., Pieniazek, N. J., Wilkins, P. P., Kjemtrup, A. M., 2012. The third described case of transfusion - transmitted Babesia duncani. Transfusion 52, 1517 - 1522." type="journal article" year="2012">Bloch et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). Serological studies conducted near cases in
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<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFE2CFE9668819F74" box="[407,504,350,369]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">California</collectingRegion>
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||
and
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<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFD94FE966BD09F74" box="[559,681,350,369]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Washington</collectingRegion>
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||
indicated that 3.5–16% of individuals were seropositive (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFDE8FEB16A739F88" author="Quick, R. E. & Herwaldt, B. L. & Thomford, J. W. & Garnett, M. E. & Eberhard, M. L. & Wilson, M. & Spach, D. H. & Dickerson, J. W. & Telford 3 rd, S. R. & Steingart, K. R. & Pollock, R. & Persing, D. H. & Kobayashi, J. M. & Juranek, D. D. & Conrad, P. A." box="[595,778,377,397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="284 - 290" refId="ref22380" refString="Quick, R. E., Herwaldt, B. L., Thomford, J. W., Garnett, M. E., Eberhard, M. L., Wilson, M., Spach, D. H., Dickerson, J. W., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Steingart, K. R., Pollock, R., Persing, D. H., Kobayashi, J. M., Juranek, D. D., Conrad, P. A., 1993. Babesiosis in Washington State: a new species of Babesia? Ann. Intern. Med. 119, 284 - 290." type="journal article" year="1993">Quick et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFFCAFE5D68439FAD" author="Persing, D. H. & Herwaldt, B. L. & Glaser, C. & Lane, R. S. & Thomford, J. W. & Mathiesen, D. & Krause, P. J. & Phillip, D. F. & Conrad, P. A." box="[113,314,405,425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="298 - 303" refId="ref22014" refString="Persing, D. H., Herwaldt, B. L., Glaser, C., Lane, R. S., Thomford, J. W., Mathiesen, D., Krause, P. J., Phillip, D. F., Conrad, P. A., 1995. Infection with a Babesia - like organism in northern California. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 298 - 303." type="journal article" year="1995">Persing et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Even higher seroprevalences have been reported among blood donors in several states outside the endemic range, which is likely due to movement of infected individuals or infection with one or more
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFE2CFE206B6A9FF9" box="[407,531,488,508]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFE2CFE2068999FF9" box="[407,480,488,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Babesia</emphasis>
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||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
that cross-react with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFD46FE2068F59C1D" authority="(Prince et al., 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Prince" baseAuthorityYear="2010" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="duncani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFD46FE2069C79C1D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. duncani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFF75FDCD68FA9C1D" author="Prince, H. E. & Lape-Nixon, M. & Patel, H. & Yeh, C." box="[206,387,517,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="1729 - 1733" refId="ref22229" refString="Prince, H. E., Lape-Nixon, M., Patel, H., Yeh, C., 2010. Comparison of the Babesia duncani (WA 1) IgG detection rates among clinical sera submitted to a reference laboratory for WA 1 IgG testing and blood donor specimens from diverse geographic areas of the United States. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 17, 1729 - 1733." type="journal article" year="2010">Prince et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB44FFEBFF2BFDE96B249D86" blockId="5.[113,784,181,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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||
Phylogenetic analysis of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFE31FDE868969C31" box="[394,495,544,564]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="duncani">
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||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFE31FDE868969C31" box="[394,495,544,564]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. duncani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated that it is in a separate clade from other
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFEDCFDF46B789C55" box="[359,513,572,592]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFEDCFDF468C99C55" box="[359,432,572,592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Babesia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFD27FDF46A769C55" box="[668,783,572,592]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="conradae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFD27FDF46A769C55" box="[668,783,572,592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. conradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from dogs in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFF4FFD91682E9C69" box="[244,343,601,620]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFED4FD9068A39C69" box="[367,474,600,620]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFED4FD9068C19C69" box="[367,440,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Babesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from woodrats in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFD2BFD916BB39C69" box="[656,714,601,620]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFD68FD9069ED9C82" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="lengau">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFD68FD9069ED9C82" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. lengau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from cheetahs in Africa, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFE0EFDBB6B739C82" box="[437,522,627,647]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="poelea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFE0EFDBB6B739C82" box="[437,522,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. poelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFD82FDBB6BF89C82" box="[569,641,627,647]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="uriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFD82FDBB6BF89C82" box="[569,641,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. uriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from seabirds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133625C9EB44FFEBFFC1FD5969CB9CA1" box="[122,178,657,676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[87,113,1571,1585]" captionTargetBox="[329,1230,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-268@2.[329,1231,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of Babesia and related piroplasms with zoonotic species bolded. The tree was constructed using neighbor-joining analysis of full-length 18S rRNA gene sequences extracted from GenBank (accession numbers listed for each species). For zoonotic representatives, the endemic country or region is listed in parentheses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10933715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10933715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) (Kjemtrup et al., 2000;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFE0FFD596B079CA6" author="Yabsley, M. J. & Davidson, W. R. & Stallknecht, D. E. & Varela, A. S. & Swift, P. K. & Devos Jr, J. C. & Dubay, S. A." box="[436,638,656,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="351 - 362" refId="ref26173" refString="Yabsley, M. J., Davidson, W. R., Stallknecht, D. E., Varela, A. S., Swift, P. K., Devos Jr, J. C., Dubay, S. A., 2005. Evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from the western United States. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 5, 351 - 362." type="journal article" year="2005">Yabsley et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFD31FD596BB09CA1" author="Yabsley, M. J. & Work, T. M. & Rameyer, R. A." box="[650,713,657,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="423 - 425" refId="ref26253" refString="Yabsley, M. J., Work, T. M., Rameyer, R. A., 2006 a. Molecular phylogeny of Babesia poelea from brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) from Johnston Atoll, central Pacific. J. Parasitol. 92, 423 - 425." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
2006
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFD05FD596BB09CA1" author="Lau, A. O. T." box="[702,713,657,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20173" refString="Lau, A. O. T., 2009. An overview of the Babesia, Plasmodium, and Theileria genomes: a comparative perspective. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 164, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2009">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFFCAFD64684B9CBA" author="Conrad, P. A. & Kjemtrup, A. M. & Carreno, R. A. & Thomford, J. & Wainwright, K. & Eberhard, M. & Quick, R. & Telford 3 rd, S. R. & Herwaldt, B. L." box="[113,306,684,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="779 - 789" refId="ref16670" refString="Conrad, P. A., Kjemtrup, A. M., Carreno, R. A., Thomford, J., Wainwright, K., Eberhard, M., Quick, R., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Herwaldt, B. L., 2006. Description of Babesia duncani n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms. Int. J. Parasitol. 36, 779 - 789." type="journal article" year="2006">Conrad et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFE86FD656B7F9CBA" author="Bosman, A. M. & Oosthuizen, M. C. & Peirce, M. A. & Venter, E. H. & Penzhorn, B. L." box="[317,518,684,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="2703 - 2708" refId="ref15513" refString="Bosman, A. M., Oosthuizen, M. C., Peirce, M. A., Venter, E. H., Penzhorn, B. L., 2010. Babesia lengau sp. nov., a novel Babesia species in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus, Schreber, 1775) populations in South Africa. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48, 2703 - 2708." type="journal article" year="2010">Bosman et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFDAAFD646BAB9CBA" author="Charles, R. A. & Kjos, S. & Ellis, A. E. & Dubey, J. P. & Shock, B. C. & Yabsley, M. J." box="[529,722,684,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="1855 - 1862" refId="ref16425" refString="Charles, R. A., Kjos, S., Ellis, A. E., Dubey, J. P., Shock, B. C., Yabsley, M. J., 2012. Parasites and vector-borne pathogens of southern plains woodrats (Neotoma micropus) from southern Texas. Parasitol. Res. 110, 1855 - 1862." type="journal article" year="2012">Charles et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This group was also related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFECDFD0F689B9CD9" box="[374,482,711,732]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFECDFD0F68C69CDE" box="[374,447,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Babesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CA-type from humans in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFD5CFD0069CA9CF2" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFEA5FD2B681E9CF2" box="[286,359,739,759]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFEA5FD2B681E9CF2" box="[286,359,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Babesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mule deer (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFDA8FD2B6BA59CF2" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[531,732,739,759]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Odocoileus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemionus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFDA8FD2B6BA59CF2" box="[531,732,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Odocoileus hemionus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and bighorn sheep (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFEA7FD3768C39D16" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1804" box="[284,442,767,787]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFEA7FD3768C39D16" box="[284,442,767,787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Ovis canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFE4BFCC86B289D16" box="[496,593,768,787]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Kjemtrup et al., 2000), Significantly, to date, neither a reservoir nor a tick vector has been identified. Testing of numerous rodent, insectivore, and lagomorph species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9F7AEEB44FFEBFEECFC9C68A89D62" box="[343,465,852,871]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
was uniformly negative for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB44FFEBFD46FC9B69C79D86" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="duncani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB44FFEBFD46FC9B69C79D86" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">B. duncani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFF75FCB868FB9D86" author="Quick, R. E. & Herwaldt, B. L. & Thomford, J. W. & Garnett, M. E. & Eberhard, M. L. & Wilson, M. & Spach, D. H. & Dickerson, J. W. & Telford 3 rd, S. R. & Steingart, K. R. & Pollock, R. & Persing, D. H. & Kobayashi, J. M. & Juranek, D. D. & Conrad, P. A." box="[206,386,880,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="284 - 290" refId="ref22380" refString="Quick, R. E., Herwaldt, B. L., Thomford, J. W., Garnett, M. E., Eberhard, M. L., Wilson, M., Spach, D. H., Dickerson, J. W., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Steingart, K. R., Pollock, R., Persing, D. H., Kobayashi, J. M., Juranek, D. D., Conrad, P. A., 1993. Babesiosis in Washington State: a new species of Babesia? Ann. Intern. Med. 119, 284 - 290." type="journal article" year="1993">Quick et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB44FFEBFE35FCB86B369D86" author="Persing, D. H. & Herwaldt, B. L. & Glaser, C. & Lane, R. S. & Thomford, J. W. & Mathiesen, D. & Krause, P. J. & Phillip, D. F. & Conrad, P. A." box="[398,591,880,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" pagination="298 - 303" refId="ref22014" refString="Persing, D. H., Herwaldt, B. L., Glaser, C., Lane, R. S., Thomford, J. W., Mathiesen, D., Krause, P. J., Phillip, D. F., Conrad, P. A., 1995. Infection with a Babesia - like organism in northern California. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 298 - 303." type="journal article" year="1995">Persing et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |