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<document id="334E9F78B95C7DDC49F2572CB0810013" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad104" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248861" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1716362955007" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavrov, Andrey, Ekimova, Irina, Schepetov, Dimitry, Koinova, Alexandra &amp; Ereskovsky, Alexander" docDate="2024" docId="039D223DFFBFFFECFF45FE2264F8FBC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad104.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Leucosolenia somesii" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="907" masterDocId="FFA45A45FFA0FFF3FFB6FF80673CFFE4" masterDocTitle="The complex case of the calcareous sponge Leucosolenia complicata % Porifera: Calcarea): hidden diversity in Boreal and Arctic regions with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="914" masterPageNumber="876" pageNumber="907" updateTime="1716414457651" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CFC1028F1525A009623B79992FD58DE7">The complex case of the calcareous sponge Leucosolenia complicata % Porifera: Calcarea): hidden diversity in Boreal and Arctic regions with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE9C51FA1AE3C309D2293FC7BEBF5C6F">Lavrov, Andrey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A46BE615692777612282F6AC234A1BFD">Ekimova, Irina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42AEF51DDDA123D11A3731994F1A5A27">Schepetov, Dimitry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1538FB9676353F444B6265E5918E043D">Koinova, Alexandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3661AE2A5A365A852010D8EABA941A12">Ereskovsky, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="415DC0F21D6E5379353338524732D120">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039D223DFFBFFFECFF45FE2264F8FBC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D223DFFBFFFECFF45FE2264F8FBC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D223DFFBFFFECFF45FE2264F8FBC0" lastPageNumber="907" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFF45FE2265ABFE58" box="[243,663,418,445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF45FE2265ABFE58" blockId="31.[243,663,418,445]" box="[243,663,418,445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<heading id="D0C32447FFBFFFECFF45FE2265ABFE58" box="[243,663,418,445]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFF45FE2265ABFE58" ID-CoL="6PTQR" authority="(Bowerbank, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[243,663,418,445]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="somesii">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF45FE2265ABFE58" bold="true" box="[243,663,418,445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF45FE2266FDFE59" bold="true" box="[243,449,418,445]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Leucosolenia somesii</emphasis>
(Bowerbank, 1874)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFEE3FE526509FE08" box="[341,565,466,492]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFEE3FE526509FE08" blockId="31.[341,565,466,492]" box="[341,565,466,492]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<heading id="D0C32447FFBFFFECFEE3FE526509FE08" box="[341,565,466,492]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFEE3FE526509FE08" bold="true" box="[341,565,466,492]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
(
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFED6FE526690FE08" box="[352,428,466,492]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="32.[113,178,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-360@32.[114,1458,144,1320]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 23. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) external morphology and skeleton.A* general morphology %ZMA Por.17572); B* skeleton of cormus %ZMA Por. 17572); C* D* spicules from BMNH 1956.4.26.35. Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248955/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Figs 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFE03FE5266EDFE08" box="[437,465,466,492]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">24</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFE6BFE526516FE08" box="[477,554,466,492]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFF37FD93664CFD1F" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF37FD936439FDAE" blockId="31.[129,777,530,586]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF37FD93662DFDCF" box="[129,273,531,555]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5C9976FFBFFFECFE94FD936549FDCE" box="[290,629,530,555]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" specimenCode="BMNH 1956.4" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFBFFFECFE94FD9366B7FDCF" box="[290,395,531,555]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFBFFFECFE25FD9366DEFDCE" box="[403,482,531,554]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">BMNH</collectionCode>
1925.11.2.24*
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B5C9976FFBFFFECFDC8FD936439FDAE" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" specimenCode="BMNH 1956.4" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFBFFFECFDC8FD936435FDCF" box="[638,777,531,555]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFBFFFECFF37FDB267ECFDAD" box="[129,208,562,585]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">BMNH</collectionCode>
1925.11.2.25* slides of the same:
<specimenCode id="DB923B50FFBFFFECFD93FDB265FEFDAE" box="[549,706,562,586]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">BMNH 1956.4</specimenCode>
.26.35.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF37FDEC66E0FD67" blockId="31.[129,476,619,643]" box="[129,476,619,643]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF37FDEC663FFD67" box="[129,259,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFBFFFECFF37FDEC678DFD67" box="[129,177,620,643]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Brighton Aquarium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF37FD25664CFD1F" blockId="31.[129,778,677,763]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF37FD256611FD59" box="[129,301,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Material studied:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5C9976FFBFFFECFEF4FD25665CFD1F" collectionCode="ZMA" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFBFFFECFEF4FD2566E4FD59" box="[322,472,677,701]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
*
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFBFFFECFE5AFD256519FD59" box="[492,549,677,701]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 17572 %external morphology
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFF4DFD446651FD38" box="[251,365,708,732]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">* skeleton</taxonomicName>
organization* spicules) %Supporting Information* Table S1
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFF37FC9D66A1F855" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF37FC9D6685FBF4" blockId="31.[129,778,797,1040]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF37FC9D666BFCD1" box="[129,343,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">External morphology:</emphasis>
Length up to
<quantity id="4CCC3ECEFFBFFFECFE40FC9D6505FCD0" box="[502,569,797,821]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
. Cormus formed by dense reticulation of extremely branched* winding tubes %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFD55FCBC6790FC97" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="32.[113,178,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-360@32.[114,1458,144,1320]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 23. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) external morphology and skeleton.A* general morphology %ZMA Por.17572); B* skeleton of cormus %ZMA Por. 17572); C* D* spicules from BMNH 1956.4.26.35. Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248955/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
). Surface hispid. Coloration of living and preserved specimens greyish white. Examined specimen lacks oscular tubes. According to the original description %Bowerbank* 1874)* sponges have numerous small and large oscular tubes* bearing a spicular crown. Oscular tubes erect and slightly curved* gradually narrowing to oscular rim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF37FBB1659AFAE1" blockId="31.[129,778,1073,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF37FBB167E9FBAD" box="[129,213,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Spicules:</emphasis>
Diactines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFEE6FBB166F9FBAD" box="[336,453,1073,1097]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 24AC</figureCitation>
). Two populations of diactines: %i) curved* smooth diactines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFE0FFBD1652DFB8D" box="[441,529,1105,1129]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
* C)* mean length 424.5 µm* mean width 9.9 µm %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFE37FBF066F0FB6C" box="[385,460,1136,1160]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
)* slightly curved* smooth* variable in length* lacking lanceolate tips* with undulated tip and %ii) straight* spiny diactines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFE10FB2F66C7FB23" box="[422,507,1199,1223]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
* C)* mean length 90.0 µm* mean width 3.3 µm %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFED5FB4E668EFB02" box="[355,434,1230,1254]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
)* short* strait* lacking lanceolate tips* with numerous spines in distinct rows %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFDF4FB6D65A9FAE1" box="[578,661,1261,1285]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF2AFA8D6621F9E4" blockId="31.[129,778,1073,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
Triactines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFEADFA8D6640FAC1" box="[283,380,1293,1317]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
* E). Sagittal* mostly T-shaped* but V-shaped also occur %mean angle 131.7°) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFDF0FAAC65A9FAA0" box="[582,661,1324,1348]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
)* unpaired actines usually shorter then paired actines* but longer* unpaired actines occur rarely %mean length: 127.4 µm—unpaired* 155.2 µm—paired) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFEAAFA0A6657FA46" box="[284,363,1418,1442]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
). Paired and unpaired actines equal in width %mean width: 8.2 µm—unpaired* 8.0 µm—paired) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFD67FA2967B2FA05" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
). Abnormal triactines common* sometimes with undulated rays %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFF0FFA686630F9E4" box="[185,268,1512,1536]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF2AF987660EF91F" blockId="31.[129,778,1073,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
Tetractines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFEA9F987664FF9FB" box="[287,371,1543,1567]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="33.[129,194,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-84@33.[161,1441,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 24. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) ZMA Por.17572* spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved smooth diactines; B* straight spiny diactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248961/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
). Quite rare. Sagittal* mostly T-shaped* but V-shaped also occur %mean angle 139.3°) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFDCAF9A665F0F9DB" box="[636,716,1574,1599]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
)* unpaired actines usually shorter then paired actines* but longer* unpaired actines occur rarely %mean length: 156.0 µm—unpaired* 178.7 µm—paired* 21.5 µm—apical) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFDA2F904655DF979" box="[532,609,1668,1693]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
). Apical actines curved and smooth. All actines more or less equal in width %mean width: 9.1 µm—unpaired* 9.5 µm—paired* 10.0 µm— apical) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFBFFFECFF61F962661DF91F" box="[215,289,1762,1787]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="34.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Table 9. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874)" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Table 9</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFF37F89C66A1F855" blockId="31.[129,778,1820,1906]" lastBlockId="31.[129,777,1914,1969]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFF37F89C67E5F8D0" box="[129,217,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFF37F89C67E8F8D0" box="[129,212,1820,1844]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">Skeleton</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Very dense net predominantly formed by triactines* oriented in different directions* tetractines rare %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFDDBF8BB65FDF8B7" box="[621,705,1851,1875]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="32.[113,178,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-360@32.[114,1458,144,1320]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 23. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) external morphology and skeleton.A* general morphology %ZMA Por.17572); B* skeleton of cormus %ZMA Por. 17572); C* D* spicules from BMNH 1956.4.26.35. Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248955/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
). Both trichoxea populations cover surface of tubes in large numbers* orienting in different directions and making it hispid. Skeleton of osculum was not studied.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFC8FFF1062B2FF4C" box="[825,1422,144,168]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFC8FFF1062B2FF4C" blockId="31.[825,1422,144,168]" box="[825,1422,144,168]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<pageTitle id="CBAB4B4CFFBFFFECFC8FFF1062B2FF4C" box="[825,1422,144,168]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFC8FFF1064ABFF4C" box="[825,919,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Cytology:</emphasis>
No material was available for cytological studies.
</pageTitle>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFC8FFF4964ADFEDB" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFC8FFF4964ADFEDB" blockId="31.[825,1475,201,319]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFC8FFF49648BFF05" box="[825,951,201,225]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Distribution:</emphasis>
Boreal species. Described from Brighton Aquarium with confirmed reports from
<collectingCountry id="F323D3BBFFBFFFECFBDBFF686229FEE4" box="[1133,1301,232,256]" name="Netherlands" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
%van Soest
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFA27FF6962FFFEE4" box="[1425,1475,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">et al.</emphasis>
2007). Probably it has wider distribution in the North-East Atlantic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="E2BB8AC0FFBFFFECFC8FFEE064F8FBC0" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFC8FFEE062BBFE9C" box="[825,1415,352,376]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFC8FFEE062BBFE9C" blockId="31.[825,1415,352,376]" box="[825,1415,352,376]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<heading id="D0C32447FFBFFFECFC8FFEE062BBFE9C" box="[825,1415,352,376]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFC8FFEE064FFFE9C" box="[825,963,352,376]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Reproduction:</emphasis>
No data on reproduction time are available.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFBFFFECFC8FFE1A64F8FBC0" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFBFFFECFC8FFE1A64F8FBC0" blockId="31.[825,1475,410,1060]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFC8FFE1A6354FE55" box="[825,1128,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFC14FE1A6354FE55" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[930,1128,410,434]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="somesii">Leucosolenia somesii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was considered a minor synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFCE5FE3A64FAFE35" authorityName="sensu Haeckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[851,966,441,465]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFCE5FE3A64FAFE35" box="[851,966,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">L. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
until a recent study by van Soest
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFAAFFE3A6274FE35" box="[1305,1352,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">et al.</emphasis>
%2007) was published. They showed valuable differences between these two species* based on a large number of specimens* including the type material. Here we provide the first molecular data and an updated morphological description. Our novel data confirm that
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFC8FFDD664A5FD89" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[825,921,598,621]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="somesii">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFC8FFDD664A5FD89" box="[825,921,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">L. somesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents a distinct species* based on both morphological and molecular analyses. The re-examination of spicules of specimen
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFBFFFECFC0DFD1564C8FD49" box="[955,1012,661,685]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 17572 studied by van Soest
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFAF2FD15624FFD48" box="[1348,1395,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">et al.</emphasis>
%2007) confirms the strong correspondence of its specular characteristics to the
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFBFFFECFC0EFD53637FFD0F" box="[952,1091,723,747]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFBFFFECFBFDFD5363A6FD0E" box="[1099,1178,723,746]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">BMNH</collectionCode>
1956.4.26.35 %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFBFFFECFA8FFD5362AEFD0F" box="[1337,1426,723,747]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="32.[113,178,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-360@32.[114,1458,144,1320]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 23. Leucosolenia somesii %Bowerbank* 1874) external morphology and skeleton.A* general morphology %ZMA Por.17572); B* skeleton of cormus %ZMA Por. 17572); C* D* spicules from BMNH 1956.4.26.35. Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248955/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
* D). According to our phylogenetic reconstruction* the most closely related species is Arctic
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFB9AFC9263CFFCCD" authorityName="Lavrov, Ekimova, Schepetov, Koinova &amp; Ereskovsky" authorityYear="2023" box="[1068,1267,786,810]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="creepae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFB9AFC9263CFFCCD" box="[1068,1267,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Leucosolenia creepae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273F242FFBFFFECFB4FFC92627EFCCE" box="[1273,1346,786,810]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
* with which
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFC8FFCB1633AFCAD" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[825,1030,817,841]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="somesii">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFC8FFCB1633AFCAD" box="[825,1030,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Leucosolenia somesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares some specific morphological features: echinate external appearance due to the high number of non-lanceolate diactines protruding to the external surface* and dimensions of tri- and tetractines. The discussion of their differences is given above under the description for
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFAF0FC2E6443FC01" authorityName="Lavrov, Ekimova, Schepetov, Koinova &amp; Ereskovsky" authorityYear="2023" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="creepae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFAF0FC2E6443FC01" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Leucosolenia creepae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273F242FFBFFFECFC3BFC4E64E0FC01" box="[909,988,974,997]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
.. From all other North Atlantic and Arctic
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFC8FFC6D633CFBE1" box="[825,1024,1005,1029]" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFC8FFC6D6489FBE1" box="[825,949,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
*
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFBFFFECFBA6FC6E634CFBE1" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1040,1136,1006,1029]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="31" pageNumber="907" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="somesii">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFBFFFECFBA6FC6E634CFBE1" box="[1040,1136,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="907">L. somesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by the absence of lanceolate diactines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>