218 lines
30 KiB
XML
218 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="D95C9CBC56AB299E7E4929CE86A80881" ID-CLB-Dataset="20855" ID-DOI="10.18061/bssb.v1i1.8427" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98a7653c-db40-4995-a885-79c106cceb5a" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6000933" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1643659629013" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Meier, Noah, Wacker, Anina & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="0399D1338646FFA7793AFC910B28FBAF" docLanguage="en" docName="BullSSB.1.1.8427.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the SSB (8427) 1 (1)" docTitle="Pherhombus parvulus Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein 2022, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFA0A94B8641FFAD7832FFDB0902FF88" masterDocTitle="New fossil wasp species from the earliest Eocene Fur Formation has its closest relatives in late Eocene ambers (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pherhombinae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1720128449606" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="5F81BC4C0DE6CBA4940D7B8A43B686B8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="66DB75CC4EDEDE4EC6F0D651B959BAA5">
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<mods:title id="9A16367E7866F850789B0A2816E2B7B3">New fossil wasp species from the earliest Eocene Fur Formation has its closest relatives in late Eocene ambers (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pherhombinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="CFB226B47F7D673C994EFB42341FD1E9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="930E5B0B3EA840335FCDFE17DA5D90BC">Meier, Noah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1FBDBE9A7DA2D6639E01E76911484CDA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6CD1F4CBF700C36938B5CA3D851FE36A">Wacker, Anina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FE5117215CC09E9C0C9CF87223923613" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8FA7C7F11CFD5304FF8000F093CDF5AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="01A3D23D9482BE75A7066A7C8AFF0A62">Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D1691976862DB3EADE5231DC3DB1E99C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC7AC70B26C3268816EC46728ACA763B">
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<mods:title id="F6776418AC7CA1C9A8C6EA610E100362">Bulletin of the SSB</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D180F9D2D9B9E3CAD3E8CDC5B31AB8DC">
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<mods:date id="404A6CDEDFAC68282F5B5099A4C9566E">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4246E1C8C761B90CA93A32C8B3F786AF" type="series">
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<mods:title id="9612635D5823E325C9021A58F0E9B4C7">8427</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F4EE0628862C9BA5E3E52BECF21708B2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="F4944468D78B20E07C2893F1EADC3AD3">2022-01-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1E01A606406F906E69BD7B35BBD385D1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="411BE869333927F9378DC5DBD5F11C0E">1</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6E41C235040CA816564527D8209C2C24" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="481F0F454AB4DAC162808E6E1252AE41">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F33F7306F7BA48CC45BAEAA88BA4E554">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FA961FCFBC8C828C5E7F444207CDAA22">17</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="33901A4C3CAFCFED99C936F15961B0C9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1BCA7A61FB9D79D3DC58BC2D8E987D16" type="CLB-Dataset">20855</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D42637D3686AD95C81070ED65E4EBDA" type="DOI">10.18061/bssb.v1i1.8427</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64F348386D7517EA3A74778F8C8E8C49" type="GBIF-Dataset">98a7653c-db40-4995-a885-79c106cceb5a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F19481BE971DE18EAB5EC3473128D13C" type="Zenodo-Dep">6000933</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0399D1338646FFA7793AFC910B28FBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204789" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193167654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204789" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399D1338646FFA7793AFC910B28FBAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399D1338646FFA7793AFC910B28FBAF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C32A33AE8646FFAA793AFC910B80FCEF" box="[264,642,842,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFAA793AFC910B80FCEF" blockId="7.[192,796,727,871]" box="[264,642,842,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA793AFC910B30FCEF" authority="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein, 2022" authorityName="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" box="[264,562,842,871]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA793AFC910B30FCEF" box="[264,562,842,871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pherhombus parvulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A277014C8646FFAA7A0BFC900B80FCEF" box="[569,642,843,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A33AE8646FFAA7ABBFC910BF5FCEF" box="[649,759,842,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFAA7ABBFC910BF5FCEF" blockId="7.[192,796,727,871]" box="[649,759,842,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<figureCitation id="130B7CA08646FFAA7ABBFC910BF5FCEF" box="[649,759,842,871]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[182,254,808,832]" captionTargetBox="[182,1425,192,778]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[182,1450,189,780]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Pherhombus parvulus (holotype), microscope image of part 10652_A (left); interpretative drawing based on part and counterpart (right; a photograph of the counterpart is provided as Supplementary File S4). Solid lines imply a high certainty of interpretations, while dotted lines indicate interpolations or uncertain interpretations. Hindwings are shown in green to improve clarity. Differences in line width are used to visualise small structures and do not imply varying certainty. The scale bar indicates 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6000941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6000941/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A33AE8646FFAA78F2FC4D0BCDFA86" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFAA78F2FC4D08FBFBFC" blockId="7.[192,802,918,1908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA78F2FC4D0849FC3B" bold="true" box="[192,331,918,947]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B586A788646FFAA7966FC4C08FBFBFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3461591301" collectedFrom="Ejerslev in cement stone which has a geological age of about 54 Ma" collectorName="Jan Verkleij" country="Denmark" location="MorsO Kommune" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="#10652" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="548BDE878646FFAA7966FC4C08D5FC3C" box="[340,471,919,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB96C85E8646FFAA79D7FC4C0B44FC3C" box="[485,582,919,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">#10652</specimenCode>
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, part and counterpart; sex unknown. Part and counterpart about equally informative, often showing complementary structures (e.g., first tergite). Collector:
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<collectorName id="26C505F38646FFAA79F7FBEA0B67FBC6" box="[453,613,1073,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Jan Verkleij</collectorName>
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. Deposited at Fur Museum, Nederby.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFAA78F2FBA50BCDFA86" blockId="7.[192,802,918,1908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA78F2FBA50B70FB12" bold="true" box="[192,626,1149,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type horizon and locality.</emphasis>
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The fossil was found in
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<collectingCountry id="F32720B58646FFAA79BBFB7F0B0CFB49" box="[393,526,1188,1217]" name="Denmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8EEF36FE8646FFAA7A13FB7F0A19FB48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399D1338646FFA7793AFC910B28FBAF:8EEF36FE8646FFAA7A13FB7F0A19FB48" box="[545,795,1188,1218]" country="Denmark" name="MorsO Kommune" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MorsØ Kommune</location>
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,
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<collectedFrom id="382C23D88646FFAA78F2FB1108F8FA85" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ejerslev in cement stone which has a geological ageof about 54 Ma</collectedFrom>
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(
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<geologicalTimeScale id="F910E08E8646FFAA7A39FB2A0BC0FA86" box="[523,706,1265,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">early Eocene</geologicalTimeScale>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A33AE8646FFAA78F2FACD0816FA7C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFAA78F2FACD0816FA7C" blockId="7.[192,802,918,1908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA78F2FACD086AFABB" bold="true" box="[192,360,1302,1331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
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In Latin, “
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA7A18FACC0BA1FABC" authorityName="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" box="[554,675,1303,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
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” is the diminutive of “parvus” which means small or tiny. This refers to the fact that the fossil species is only 3.3 mm long, which is about half the size of all other described
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA7AA6FA6A0812FA7C" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pherhombinae">Pherhombinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A33AE8646FFA478F2FA260A12F9EF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFAA78F2FA260862F991" blockId="7.[192,802,918,1908]" box="[192,352,1533,1561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA78F2FA260862F991" bold="true" box="[192,352,1533,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFA478F2F9FE08F2FCC9" blockId="7.[192,802,918,1908]" lastBlockId="9.[192,800,228,1639]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA78F2F9FE08FCF9C9" box="[192,510,1572,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Taxonomic placement.</emphasis>
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Due to the nearly complete preservation of the forewing venation, this species can be placed within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA78C1F94C08C9F93C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[243,459,1687,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
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with certainty, whichare distinguished from the related Braconidae by lacking vein 1-Rs+M (sometimes with the exception of a short remain, called ramulus) and by the presence of 2m-cu. The rhombic aerolet is probably the most conspicuous charactervisiblein this fossil; itis onlyshared bymembersof thesubfamilies Mesochorinae and
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68648FFA478CEFEEA08CEFEC6" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" box="[252,460,305,334]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pherhombinae">Pherhombinae</taxonomicName>
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. Several characters, such as the low number of antennal segments, the forewing 1-M+1-Rs to r-rs ratio, the hindwing 1-Rs to rs-m ratio, and the elongated and parallel-sided first tergite, give evidence for the placement within the monotypic
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68648FFA47AE6FE2A0852FDBC" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pherhombinae">Pherhombinae</taxonomicName>
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. Even though the new species was placed with the highest probability as a stem representative, there is currently not sufficient morphological evidence that this species should be placed withina new genus. This placement is supported both by the morphometric and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses (
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<figureCitation id="130B7CA08648FFA47971FCFF088BFCC9" box="[323,393,804,833]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[847,919,1568,1592]" captionTargetBox="[832,1448,231,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-251@7.[832,1451,221,1566]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 1. Wings of representatives of two candidate subfamilies (a, b) and of the new fossil species (c), combined with morphometric analysis of potential placements. (a) Wing venation of Astiphromma albitarse (Brischke), including vein names as used in this study; (b) wing venation of Pherhombus antennalis Kasparyan; (c) wing venation of Pherhombus parvulus n. sp. as reconstructed; (d) scatterplot of two measurement ratios, forewing veins 1-M+1-Rs / r-rs and hindwing veins 1-Rs / rs-m. The new fossil species groups together with Pherhombinae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6000935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6000935/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="130B7CA08648FFA479FFFCFF08E2FCC9" box="[461,480,804,833]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[192,264,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[224,1435,217,1584]" captionTargetId="graphics-13@8.[227,1440,217,1574]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of combined morphological and molecular dataset, including RoguePlot showing probability of placement of Pherhombus parvulus n. sp. Branch colours represent posterior probabilities of attachment of the fossil to a particular branch, and support values next to nodes indicate posterior probabilities. The three-letter code in front of the taxon names denotes subfamily affiliation as follows: ACA Acaenitinae, ANO Anomaloninae, BAN Banchinae, BRA Brachycyrtinae, CAM Campopleginae, COL Collyriinae, CRE Cremastinae, CRY Cryptinae, CTE Ctenopelmatinae, CYL Cylloceriinae, DIA Diacriti- nae, DIP Diplazontinae, EUC Eucerotinae, HYB Hybrizontinae, ICH Ichneumoninae, LAB Labeninae, LYC Lycorininae, MES Mesochorinae, MET Metopiinae, OPH Ophioninae, ORP Orthopelmatinae, ORT Orthocentrinae, PHY Phygadeuontinae, PHE Pherhombinae, PIM Pimplinae, POE Poemeniinae, RHY Rhyssinae, TER Tersilochinae, TOW Townesitinae, TRY Tryphoninae, XOR Xoridinae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6000939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6000939/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4F30AD8646FFAA7B7DF9FB0DF7F8F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6000935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6000935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6000935/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[847,919,1568,1592]" targetBox="[832,1448,231,1544]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258646FFAA7B7DF9FB0DF7F8F0" blockId="7.[846,1456,1568,1913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Figure 1. Wings of representatives of two candidate subfamilies (a, b) and of the new fossil species (c), combined with morphometric analysis of potential placements. (a) Wing venation of
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA7D21F95B0AB3F930" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA7D21F95B0CADF910" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1868" box="[1299,1455,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Astiphromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Astiphromma</taxonomicName>
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albitarse
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</emphasis>
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(Brischke), including vein names as used in this study; (b) wing venation of
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA7CFCF91B0D0FF971" authority="Kasparyan" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA7CFCF91B0A87F970" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pherhombus antennalis</emphasis>
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Kasparyan
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</taxonomicName>
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; (c) wing venation of
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA7D13F93B0AB0F890" authority="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein, 2022" authorityName="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378646FFAA7D13F93B0AB0F890" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pherhombus parvulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A277014C8646FFAA7B8AF8DA0AF1F890" box="[952,1011,1793,1816]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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as reconstructed; (d) scatterplotof two measurement ratios, forewing veins 1-M+1-Rs / r-rs and hindwing veins 1-Rs / rs-m. The new fossil species groups together with
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68646FFAA7C71F8BB0DF3F8F0" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1091,1265,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pherhombinae">Pherhombinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF4F30AD8649FFA578F2F98D0ADFF806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6000939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6000939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6000939/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[192,264,1622,1646]" targetBox="[224,1435,217,1584]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258649FFA578F2F98D0ADFF806" blockId="8.[191,1440,1622,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Figure 2. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of combined morphological and molecular dataset, including RoguePlot showing probability of placement of
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68649FFA57AEBF9AD0AD2F906" authority="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein, 2022" authorityName="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" box="[729,976,1654,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378649FFA57AEBF9AD0AD2F906" box="[729,976,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pherhombus parvulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A277014C8649FFA57BE5F9AC0D10F906" box="[983,1042,1655,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Branch colours represent posterior probabilities of attachment of the fossil to a particular branch, and support values next to nodes indicate posterior probabilities. The three-letter code in front of the taxon names denotes subfamily affiliation as follows: ACA Acaenitinae, ANO Anomaloninae, BAN Banchinae, BRA Brachycyrtinae, CAM
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68649FFA57CD7F90D0C3AF887" authority=", COL Collyriinae, CRE Cremastinae, CRY Cryptinae, CTE Ctenopelmatinae, CYL Cylloceriinae, DIA" authorityName=", COL Collyriinae, CRE Cremastinae, CRY Cryptinae, CTE Ctenopelmatinae, CYL Cylloceriinae, DIA" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campopleginae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Campopleginae, COL Collyriinae, CRE Cremastinae, CRY Cryptinae, CTE Ctenopelmatinae, CYL Cylloceriinae, DIA</taxonomicName>
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Diacritinae, DIP Diplazontinae, EUC Eucerotinae, HYB
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68649FFA57AC8F8CD0AA1F8A6" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[762,931,1814,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hybrizontinae">Hybrizontinae</taxonomicName>
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, ICH Ichneumoninae, LAB Labeninae, LYC Lycorininae, MES Mesochorinae, MET Metopiinae, OPH Ophioninae, ORP Orthopelmatinae, ORT Orthocentrinae, PHY Phygadeuontinae, PHE
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68649FFA57A6DF88D0A0EF8E6" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" box="[607,780,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pherhombinae">Pherhombinae</taxonomicName>
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, PIM
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68649FFA57B7DF88D0AC5F8E6" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1844" box="[847,967,1878,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
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, POE Poemeniinae, RHY Rhyssinae, TER Tersilochinae, TOW
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68649FFA5799EF8AD0B45F806" authority="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein, 2022" authorityName="Meier & Wacker & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" box="[428,583,1910,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Townesitinae">Townesitinae</taxonomicName>
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, TRY Tryphoninae, XOR Xoridinae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258648FFA478F2FC900A12F9EF" blockId="9.[192,800,228,1639]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA478F2FC9008B0FCEF" box="[192,434,842,871]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Species diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is very similar both in wing venation and shape of the first tergite to many species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68648FFA47A5FFC4C0A1AFC3C" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1988" box="[621,792,919,948]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pherhombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47A5FFC4C0A1AFC3C" box="[621,792,919,948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pherhombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless, it can be easily distinguished from all currently described species by its small size (body length: 3.3 mm, forewing length: 2.9 mm), with all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C301BA68648FFA47A47FBEA0820FBFC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47A47FBEA0A22FBC6" box="[629,800,1073,1102]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pherhombus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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ranging in body length from 6.7 to more than 9 mm and forewing length from 4.7 to 9.5 mm (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA11DD48648FFA479C0FB7F0A19FB49" author="Tolkanitz VI & Narolsky NB & Perkovsky EE" box="[498,795,1188,1217]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologich- eskii Zhurnal." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="50 - 52" part="5" refId="ref9643" refString="Tolkanitz VI, Narolsky NB, Perkovsky EE. 2005. A new species of parasite wasp of the genus Pherhombus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pherhombinae) from the Rovno Amber [in Russian]. Paleontologich- eskii Zhurnal. 2005; 5: 50 - 52." title="A new species of parasite wasp of the genus Pherhombus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pherhombinae) from the Rovno Amber" type="journal article" year="2005">Tolkanitz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA11DD48648FFA478F2FB1108A3FB6F" author="Manukyan AR" box="[192,417,1226,1255]" journalOrPublisher="Entomol Rev." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1324 - 1338" part="99" refId="ref8711" refString="Manukyan AR. New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneu- monidae) from Baltic amber, with descriptions of three new species. Entomol Rev. 2019; 99: 1324 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090112" title="New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneu- monidae) from Baltic amber, with descriptions of three new species" type="journal article" year="2019">Manukyan 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). It is further distinguished from most other species by the parallel-sided antennal segments, which are otherwise widened towards the apex in all species except perhaps
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA479AAFABE0B80FA09" box="[408,642,1380,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. kraxtepellensis</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47AFAFABE082AFA2F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. kasparyani</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA11DD48648FFA4790EFA510B25FA2F" author="Manukyan AR" box="[316,551,1418,1447]" journalOrPublisher="Entomol Rev." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1324 - 1338" part="99" refId="ref8711" refString="Manukyan AR. New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneu- monidae) from Baltic amber, with descriptions of three new species. Entomol Rev. 2019; 99: 1324 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090112" title="New data on ichneumon wasps of the subfamily Pherhombinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneu- monidae) from Baltic amber, with descriptions of three new species" type="journal article" year="2019">Manukyan, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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), whose antennae are widest around the 8th or 9th flagellomere and only slightly expanded apically. The new species can be distinguished from these two by the presence of a distinct ramulus and by the hyaline wings (smoky in
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47A7AF9900BF9F9EF" box="[584,763,1610,1639]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. kasparyani</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A33AE8648FFA778F2F94C0B28FBAF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258648FFA478F2F94C0879F93B" blockId="9.[192,800,1687,1908]" box="[192,379,1687,1715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0C7D7498648FFA478F2F94C0879F93B" bold="true" box="[192,379,1687,1715]" fontSize="12" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA478F2F94C0879F93B" bold="true" box="[192,379,1687,1715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258648FFA478F2F9650DAAFE49" blockId="9.[192,800,1687,1908]" lastBlockId="9.[832,1441,228,1908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA478F2F9650871F952" box="[192,371,1726,1754]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Preservation.</emphasis>
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Dorsalview. Headonlypartially preserved, antennae nearly complete with partly clear segmentation. Mesosoma not well preserved, hardly any characters visible except possible hind border of mesoscutum; wings stretched out flat, all four wings nearly complete; partial mid and hind legs visible. Metasoma anteriorly almost complete but segmentation posteriorly unclear; posterior part of metasoma ending abruptly or incomplete, genitalia not visible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258648FFA47B72FE110D45FDD2" blockId="9.[832,1441,228,1908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47B72FE110A81FE6F" box="[832,899,458,487]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body</emphasis>
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3.3 mm; fossil in different shades of brown; strongly sclerotized parts, such as head or first tergite, distinctly darker than rest, wings hyaline.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258648FFA47B72FDBF0AF8FCC9" blockId="9.[832,1441,228,1908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47B72FDBF0A8AFD09" box="[832,904,612,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head</emphasis>
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deformed, no detailed structures distinguishable. Antenna slender, with about 20 flagellomeres (+/- 3); scape and pedicel of normal dimensions (as far as visible), first flagellomere almost 7.0 times longer than apically wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258648FFA47B72FC900AD3F9EF" blockId="9.[832,1441,228,1908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47B72FC900AD0FCEF" box="[832,978,843,871]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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|
rather short and stout; triangular dark patches at forewing base probably corresponding to axial sclerites. Forewing 2.9 mm; areolet closed, rhombic, 3r-m with a bulla at posterior end; 4-Rs straight; ramulus present, slightly longer than width of surrounding veins; pterostigma 4.5 x longer than wide; radial cell 3 x longer than wide; 1cu-a meeting M+Cu opposite 1-M&1-RS; 2m-cu nearly straight, somewhat inclivous, probably with a single large bulla in anterior third or half; 3-Cu about 0.75 x as long as 2cu-a. Hindwing 1-Rs 0.47 x as long as rs-m; 2-Rs tubular on entire length (not counting last 10%); 1-Cu clearly shorter than cu-a. Mid leg very slender, both coxa, femur and parts of tibia and tarsus visible. Hind leg with very long coxa, at least 2.1 x longer than wide; both femur and parts of tibia preserved, femur rather elongated, more than 5.0 x longer than wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F60258648FFA77B72F9AA0B28FBAF" blockId="9.[832,1441,228,1908]" lastBlockId="10.[192,554,1034,1063]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B944BC378648FFA47B72F9AA0ACDF905" box="[832,975,1649,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Metasoma</emphasis>
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|
appearing somewhat clubshaped, with widest part close to posterior end; tergite 1 slightly more than 4 x longer than wide, narrow and parallel sided; tergite 2 transverse, 0.75 x as long as wide. Posterior metasomal segments appear truncated, lack of ovipositorsuggests a male, but incomplete preservation also possible.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |