423 lines
65 KiB
XML
423 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="D7412CACED8CEE2A5E1892A97634A424" ID-CLB-Dataset="58023" ID-DOI="10.1645/22-36" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7336dbb8-69cd-4d08-a46b-9279b3abaafd" ID-ISSN="1937-2345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753943" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1679078562045" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bullard, Matthew R. Womble and Stephen A." docDate="2022" docId="039987AB216CFFEF164F4F8FABE497C7" docLanguage="en" docName="JourParasitol.108.4.74-394.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Parasitology 108 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/22-36" docStyle="DocumentStyle:378338F1068CC775F20F95F13175CB49.2:JourParasitol.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="378338F1068CC775F20F95F13175CB49" docStyleName="JourParasitol.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Leuceruthrus Marshall and Gilbert 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="380" masterDocId="FFA0FFD32169FFE8152D4E11AB29913A" masterDocTitle="Azygiid Parasites Of North American Endemic Pleurocerids And Centrarchids: Revision Of Leuceruthrus Marshall And Gilbert, 1905 (Digenea: Azygiidae), Description Of Two New Species, And Phylogenetic Analysis" masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="378" updateTime="1699477041502" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8720AE03AE4CBDCDB0E610D9DB739996">Azygiid Parasites Of North American Endemic Pleurocerids And Centrarchids: Revision Of Leuceruthrus Marshall And Gilbert, 1905 (Digenea: Azygiidae), Description Of Two New Species, And Phylogenetic Analysis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E5B3DA5071FF3806881F175844817410">Bullard, Matthew R. Womble and Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039987AB216CFFEF164F4F8FABE497C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753982" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209457997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987AB216CFFEF164F4F8FABE497C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987AB216CFFEF164F4F8FABE497C7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<subSubSection id="C32A6536216CFFED164F4F8FAE89908E" box="[866,1440,414,436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216CFFED164F4F8FAE89908E" blockId="5.[866,1440,414,465]" box="[866,1440,414,436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED164F4F8FAE89908E" bold="true" box="[866,1440,414,436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216CFFED164F4F8FAE05908E" ID-CoL="7P9T8" ID-ENA="1729585" authority="Marshall and Gilbert, 1905" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[866,1324,414,436]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED164F4F8FA8D0908E" bold="true" box="[866,1017,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
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Marshall and Gilbert, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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, emended
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6536216CFFED11214FAFAFD190EB" box="[1036,1272,446,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216CFFED11214FAFAFD190EB" blockId="5.[866,1440,414,465]" box="[1036,1272,446,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130B2A38216CFFED11224FAFAF5490EB" box="[1039,1149,446,465]" captionStart-0="Figures 1, 2" captionStart-1="Figures 3–8" captionStart-2="Figures 9–14" captionStart-3="Figures 15–17" captionStart-4="Figure 18" captionStartId-0="6.[1188,1253,1090,1109]" captionStartId-1="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionStartId-2="11.[141,206,1816,1835]" captionStartId-3="14.[168,233,1631,1650]" captionStartId-4="15.[141,198,1247,1266]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1128,204,1583]" captionTargetBox-1="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,1464,203,1789]" captionTargetBox-3="[150,812,202,1604]" captionTargetBox-4="[117,1480,203,1192]" captionTargetId-0="figure-177@6.[144,1128,203,1583]" captionTargetId-1="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@11.[136,1469,202,1789]" captionTargetId-3="figure-653@14.[146,812,202,1604]" captionTargetId-4="graphics-448@15.[117,1144,203,1156]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionText-0="Figures 1, 2. (1) Adult of Leucer- uthrus micropteri Marshall and Gil- bert, 1905 from largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides from Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama (USNM 1593581) showing mouth (m), oral sucker (os), pharynx (p), ceca (c) near origin, prostatic sac (ps), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), ventral sucker (vs), distal end of uterus (ud), testes (t), vitellarium (vi), uterus origin (uo) near ovary (o), vitelline reservoir (vr), con- fluence of excretory ducts (ed), excre- tory bladder (eb), and excretory pore (ep). Ventral view. (2) Terminal male genitalia of L. micropteri (USNM 1593581) showing comparable features as illustrated in Fig. 1 plus seminal vesicle (sv), pars prostatica (pp), me- traterm (mt), and hermaphroditic pore (hp). Ventral view." captionText-1="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." captionText-2="Figures 9–14. Leuceruthrus from Holmes Creek, Florida. (9–13) Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus ksepkai n. sp. from Elimia floridensis from Holmes Creek, Florida. (9) Cercaria (USNM 1593587) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of anterior ridge (ar), and anterior collar (ac), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o), and paired oblong furcae (f). Dorsal view. (10) Anterior portion of tail stem accommodating the withdrawn distome. (11) Illustration of posterior tail stem showing position of associated protuberances. (12) Posterior tail stem showing position of associated protuberances. SEM. (13) Highmagnification view of a posterior tail stem protuberance. SEM. (14) Adult of Leuceruthrus cf. ksepkai from stomach of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides from Holmes Creek, Florida (USNM 1593590) showing mouth (m), pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), genital pore (gp), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), distal portion of uterus (ud), vitellarium (vi), origin of uterus (uo), ovary (o), vitelline reservoir (vr), excretory duct (ed), excretory bladder (eb), and excretory pore (ep). Ventral view." captionText-3="Figures 15–17. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus blaisei from Elimia sp. 2 from Simmons Creek, Alabama. (15) Cercaria (USNM 1593592) showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), ovary (o), testes (t), and furcae (f). Dorsal view. (16) Anterior tail stem showing tegumental protuberances densely distributed near tail cavity opening (arrowheads). (17) Furcae (f)." captionText-4="Figure 18.—Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Support values aside each node. Cercariae accompany the end of each branch." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753945" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753949" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753951" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753953" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7753945/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7753949/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7753951/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7753953/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Figs. 1 18</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6B20306216CFFED11A64FAFAFFE90EB" box="[1163,1239,446,465]" captionStart="Table I" captionStartId="3.[117,167,202,221]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table I. ‘‘Leuceruthrus micropteri’’ (sensu lato) infecting fishes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4F6635216AFFEB15584EDBA99D91E7" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" tableUuid="DF4F6635216AFFEB15584EDBA99D91E7">Tables I</tableCitation>
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, II)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6536216CFFED16674FE4A8429758" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216CFFED16674FE4A8429758" blockId="5.[818,1489,500,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED16674FE4A89E9330" box="[842,951,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Adult body large, lingulate, broadly rounded anteriorly and tapering posteriad, forebody shorter than hindbody. Excretory system Y-shaped, with 2 branches joining within intercecal space in hindbody. Oral sucker subterminal. Ventral sucker smaller than oral sucker. Mouth anteroventral, subterminal. Pharynx at level of posterior margin of oral sucker; esophagus bifurcating immediately posterior to pharynx; esophageal branches joining with intestinal ceca; intestinal ceca inverse U-shaped inclusive of esophageal branches, comprising paired dextral and sinistral ceca, extending sinuously posteriad approximately parallel with lateral body margin. Testes
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<quantity id="4CC89B58216CFFED10684D08AE599215" box="[1349,1392,793,815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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number, intercecal, preovarian, immediately posterior to ventral sucker. Prostatic sac medial, anterior to ventral sucker. Seminal vesicle convoluted, entirely within prostatic sac. Pars prostatica present. Ejaculatory duct straight. Terminal genitalia joining within sinus organ; hermaphroditic pore opening into genital atrium; genital atrium communicating with hermaphroditic pore and genital pore; genital pore medial, immediately anterior to ventral sucker, posterior to anterior margin of prostatic sac. Ovary medial, intercecal, posttesticular. Laurer’s canal present. Uterus distributing primarily within hindbody, occupying nearly all intercecal space between ovary and ventral sucker, originating posterior to testes, extending between testes. Metraterm present. Vitellarium follicular, ventral to ceca, not extending anteriad into forebody, bilaterally symmetrical, extending along lateral margins of body ventral to ceca, not becoming confluent posteriorly. Uterine eggs densely distributed throughout uterus. Parasitic in stomach of North American freshwater fishes (typically of
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216CFFED101D4B1BAEEC941A" box="[1328,1477,1290,1312]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centrarchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Centrarchidae</taxonomicName>
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). Cercaria furcocystocercous, comprising distome (‘‘cercarial body,’’ the individual that develops into the adult) and tail (tail stem and paired furcae). Distome oblong. Oral sucker subterminal. Ventral sucker smaller than oral sucker. Alimentary system (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, ceca) as in adult. Position of testes and prostatic sac as in adult. Female genitalia present as anlagen only. Ovary posttesticular. Uterus originating posterior to testes, passing between testes. Uterine eggs not observed (cercaria is evidently not progenetic). Parasitic in North American freshwater snails of
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216CFFED16A3483EAF30977F" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1885" box="[910,1049,1583,1605]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleuroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pleuroceridae</taxonomicName>
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and typically of black basses (
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216CFFED1078483EA8499758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centrarchidae" genus="Micropterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED1078483EAEE6977E" box="[1365,1487,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Micropterus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6536216CFFED1667487BA84397A7" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216CFFED1667487BA84397A7" blockId="5.[818,1489,500,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED1667487BA8FF9745" box="[842,982,1642,1663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<typeStatus id="548B881F216CFFED1667487BA8559745" box="[842,892,1642,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216CFFED16CF487BA84C97A7" ID-CoL="723LJ" authority="Marshall and Gilbert, 1905" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="micropteri">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED16CF487BAFF19745" box="[994,1240,1642,1663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Leuceruthrus micropteri</emphasis>
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Marshall and Gilbert, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6536216CFFED166748B5AE5C97ED" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216CFFED166748B5AE5C97ED" blockId="5.[818,1489,500,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED166748B5A8F69783" box="[842,991,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Other species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216CFFED16C048B5AE879780" ID-CoL="9GJ46" authority="(Faust, 1921)" authorityName="Bullard" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Faust" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1005,1454,1700,1722]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stephanocauda" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED16C048B5AE389783" box="[1005,1297,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Leuceruthrus stephanocauda</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216CFFED100B48B5AE8E9780" author="FAUST, E. C." box="[1318,1447,1700,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" pagination="49 - 58" refId="ref23142" refString="FAUST, E. C. 1921. Larval flukes from Georgia. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 40: 49 - 58." type="journal article" year="1921">Faust, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757D4216CFFED109148B5A85B97ED" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216CFFED168548D3AE3B97ED" authority="(Smith, 1935)" authorityName="Bullard" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[936,1298,1729,1751]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ocalana" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED168548D3AF5697ED" box="[936,1151,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Leuceruthrus ocalana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216CFFED11A348D0AE2297ED" author="SMITH, S." box="[1166,1291,1729,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" pagination="18 - 19" refId="ref24362" refString="SMITH, S. 1935. Cercaria stephanocauda ocalana, a new subspecies of cystocercous cercariae from Florida; its life-cycle and distribution. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Sciences 7: 18 - 19." type="journal article" year="1935">Smith, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757D4216CFFED103748D0AE5C97ED" box="[1306,1397,1729,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6536216CFFEE166748CEA94B978F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="5" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216CFFEE166748CEA94B978F" blockId="5.[818,1489,500,1956]" lastBlockId="6.[144,814,1632,1717]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis id="B944EAAF216CFFED166748CEAF0297CE" box="[842,1067,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="378">Differential diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Adult body lingulate, broadly rounded anteriorly and tapering posteriad. Testes
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number, paired, preovarian, immediately posterior to ventral sucker. Ejaculatory duct straight. Ovary posttesticular. Uterus originating posterior to testes, extending between testes. Vitellarium not extending anteriad into forebody, not becoming confluent posteriorly. Genital pore immediately anterior of ventral sucker, posterior to anterior margin of prostatic sac. Cercaria furcocystocercous, comprising distome and tail stem having paired furcae. Testes paired, preovarian. Evidently not progenetic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F6635216FFFEE11894A53AE139709" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753945/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" startId="6.[1188,1253,1090,1109]" targetBox="[145,1128,204,1583]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216FFFEE11894A53AE139709" blockId="6.[1165,1516,1090,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE11894A53AE31956F" bold="true" box="[1188,1304,1090,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Figures 1, 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE10194A53AE16956F" bold="true" box="[1332,1343,1090,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">1</emphasis>
|
||
) Adult of Leucer-
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE11A04A4BAFED9557" box="[1165,1220,1114,1133]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">uthrus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE11FC4A4BAEA29557" authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[1233,1419,1114,1133]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="micropteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE11FC4A4BAE059557" box="[1233,1324,1114,1133]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">micropteri</emphasis>
|
||
Marshall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Gil- bert, 1905 from largemouth bass,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE11A04A9BAE7295A7" box="[1165,1371,1162,1181]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centrarchidae" genus="Micropterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE11A04A9BAE7295A7" box="[1165,1371,1162,1181]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Micropterus salmoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Wheeler Reservoir,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F4F85F216FFFEE11DD4AB0AE6A958E" box="[1264,1347,1185,1204]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
(USNM 1593581) showing mouth (m), oral sucker (os), pharynx (p), ceca (c) near origin, prostatic sac (ps), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), ventral sucker (vs), distal end of uterus (ud), testes (t), vitellarium (vi), uterus origin (uo) near ovary (o), vitelline reservoir (vr), con- fluence of excretory ducts (ed), excre- tory bladder (eb), and excretory pore (ep). Ventral view. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE10674B81AE7C9499" bold="true" box="[1354,1365,1424,1443]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">2</emphasis>
|
||
) Terminal male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE10234BB8AEB99486" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[1294,1424,1449,1468]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="micropteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE10234BB8AEB99486" box="[1294,1424,1449,1468]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">L. micropteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 1593581) showing comparable features as illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A38216FFFEE10024BC9AE4394D1" box="[1327,1386,1496,1515]" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="6.[1188,1253,1090,1109]" captionTargetBox="[145,1128,204,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-177@6.[144,1128,203,1583]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1, 2. (1) Adult of Leucer- uthrus micropteri Marshall and Gil- bert, 1905 from largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides from Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama (USNM 1593581) showing mouth (m), oral sucker (os), pharynx (p), ceca (c) near origin, prostatic sac (ps), genital atrium (ga), genital pore (gp), ventral sucker (vs), distal end of uterus (ud), testes (t), vitellarium (vi), uterus origin (uo) near ovary (o), vitelline reservoir (vr), con- fluence of excretory ducts (ed), excre- tory bladder (eb), and excretory pore (ep). Ventral view. (2) Terminal male genitalia of L. micropteri (USNM 1593581) showing comparable features as illustrated in Fig. 1 plus seminal vesicle (sv), pars prostatica (pp), me- traterm (mt), and hermaphroditic pore (hp). Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753945/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
plus seminal vesicle (sv), pars prostatica (pp), me- traterm (mt), and hermaphroditic pore (hp). Ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32A6536216FFFEF15BD48CCABE497C7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216FFFEE15BD48CCA91F97C9" blockId="6.[144,566,1757,1779]" box="[144,566,1757,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE15BD48CCA91F97C9" bold="true" box="[144,566,1757,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Taxonomic remarks on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE14B248CCA91F97C9" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[415,566,1757,1779]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE14B248CCA91F97C9" bold="true" box="[415,566,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216FFFEF1585491EA8279379" blockId="6.[144,814,1807,1956]" lastBlockId="7.[117,787,202,1789]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE1585491EAA02961E" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[168,299,1807,1828]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE1585491EAA02961E" box="[168,299,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE1414491EAA56961E" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[313,383,1807,1828]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE1414491EAA56961E" box="[313,383,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE1497491EA968961E" authorityName="Horsfall" authorityYear="1933" box="[442,577,1807,1828]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Proterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE1497491EA968961E" box="[442,577,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Proterometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprise azygiids that infect freshwater fishes and that have a straight ejaculatory duct, a vitellarium that is not confluent posteriorly, and a genital pore immediately anterior to the ventral sucker (Marshall and Gilbert, 1905;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE15E0499FAA70969E" author="MANTER, H. W." box="[205,345,1934,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE1449499FA92A969E" author="STUNKARD, H. W." box="[356,515,1934,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="248 - 268" refId="ref24399" refString="STUNKARD, H. W. 1956. The morphology and life-history of the digenetic trematode, Azygia sebago Ward, 1910. Biological Bulletin 111: 248 - 268." type="journal article" year="1956">Stunkard, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Gibson, 2002; Gibson et al., 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE16A24871AF44974C" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & RIBEIRO, AND & S. A. BULLARD" box="[911,1133,1632,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="50 - 69" refId="ref24877" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., R. ORELIS- RIBEIRO, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2015. Proterometra epholkos sp. n. (Digenea: Azygiidae) from Terrapin Creek, Alabama USA: Molecular characterization of life cycle, redescription of Proterometra albacauda, and updated lists of host and geographic locality records for Proterometra spp. in North America. Parasitology International 64: 50 - 69." type="journal article" year="2015">Womble et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE11AF4871AE20974F" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" box="[1154,1289,1632,1653]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Otodistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE11AF4871AE20974F" box="[1154,1289,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Otodistomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes marine and estuarine species that infect stomach and body cavity of chondrichthyans (Gibson and Bray, 1977). It differs from the freshwater azygiid genera by having a coiled ejaculatory duct, a vitellarium that is confluent posteriorly, and a genital pore near the pharynx and anterior to the prostatic sac (Marshall and Gilbert, 1905;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE16CB4904AFB49611" author="GOLDBERGER, J." box="[998,1181,1813,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref23369" refString="GOLDBERGER, J. 1911. Some known and three new endoparasitic trematodes from American freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington 71: 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1911">Goldberger, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE11874904AE119611" author="MANTER, H. W." box="[1194,1336,1813,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE106B4904AECF9611" author="STUNKARD, H. W." box="[1350,1510,1813,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="248 - 268" refId="ref24399" refString="STUNKARD, H. W. 1956. The morphology and life-history of the digenetic trematode, Azygia sebago Ward, 1910. Biological Bulletin 111: 248 - 268." type="journal article" year="1956">Stunkard, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE16604922A8C09673" author="WOOTTON, D. M." box="[845,1001,1843,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="488 - 98" refId="ref24952" refString="WOOTTON, D. M. 1957. Notes on the life-cycle of Azygia acuminata Goldberger, 1911 (Azygiidae Trematoda). Biological Bulletin 113: 488 - 98." type="journal article" year="1957">Wootton, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE16D94922AF599673" author="SCHELL, S. C." box="[1012,1136,1843,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="885 - 886" refId="ref24240" refString="SCHELL, S. C. 1972. Otodistomum hydrolagi sp. n. (Trematoda: Azygiidae) from the coelom of the ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Journal of Parasitology 58: 885 - 886." type="journal article" year="1972">Schell, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Gibson and Bray, 1977; Curran and Overstreet, 2000;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE11214943AFBE9652" author="BARGER, M. A." box="[1036,1175,1874,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="257 - 259" refId="ref22410" refString="BARGER, M. A. 2014. A new species of Azygia (Trematoda: Azygiidae) from pirate perch, Aphredoderus sayanus (Aphredoderidae), in the Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, U. S. A. Comparative Parasitology 81: 257 - 259." type="journal article" year="2014">Barger, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216FFFEE118B4943AEA19652" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & RIBEIRO, AND & S. A. BULLARD" box="[1190,1416,1874,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="50 - 69" refId="ref24877" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., R. ORELIS- RIBEIRO, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2015. Proterometra epholkos sp. n. (Digenea: Azygiidae) from Terrapin Creek, Alabama USA: Molecular characterization of life cycle, redescription of Proterometra albacauda, and updated lists of host and geographic locality records for Proterometra spp. in North America. Parasitology International 64: 50 - 69." type="journal article" year="2015">Womble et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE10B34943A8A296BF" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE10B34943A8A296BF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216FFFEE16FE4961AF3096BF" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[979,1049,1904,1925]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216FFFEE16FE4961AF3096BF" box="[979,1049,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reportedly lack progenetic cercariae and mature in the stomach and intestine, respectively, of fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF15514EDBAA0B91DA" author="STUNKARD, H. W." box="[124,290,202,224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="248 - 268" refId="ref24399" refString="STUNKARD, H. W. 1956. The morphology and life-history of the digenetic trematode, Azygia sebago Ward, 1910. Biological Bulletin 111: 248 - 268." type="journal article" year="1956">Stunkard, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wooton, 1957; present study). They have a vitellarium that does not extend anteriad into the forebody and a uterus that fills the intercecal space between the ovary and ventral sucker.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15EA4F32AA639002" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[199,330,291,312]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15EA4F32AA639002" box="[199,330,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has oblique and preovarian testes, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584F50AB92906C" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[117,187,321,342]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15584F50AB92906C" box="[117,187,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has tandem and postovarian testes (Marshall and Gilbert, 1905;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF159F4F4FAA4F904E" author="GOLDBERGER, J." box="[178,358,350,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref23369" refString="GOLDBERGER, J. 1911. Some known and three new endoparasitic trematodes from American freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington 71: 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1911">Goldberger, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF145C4F4FAAD5904E" author="MANTER, H. W." box="[369,508,350,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF172A4F4FA98C904E" author="STUNKARD, H. W." box="[519,677,350,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="248 - 268" refId="ref24399" refString="STUNKARD, H. W. 1956. The morphology and life-history of the digenetic trematode, Azygia sebago Ward, 1910. Biological Bulletin 111: 248 - 268." type="journal article" year="1956">Stunkard, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF179D4F4FAB8090AB" author="WOOTTON, D. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="488 - 98" refId="ref24952" refString="WOOTTON, D. M. 1957. Notes on the life-cycle of Azygia acuminata Goldberger, 1911 (Azygiidae Trematoda). Biological Bulletin 113: 488 - 98." type="journal article" year="1957">Wootton, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Gibson, 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF14414F6AAAD690AB" author="BARGER, M. A." box="[364,511,379,401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="257 - 259" refId="ref22410" refString="BARGER, M. A. 2014. A new species of Azygia (Trematoda: Azygiidae) from pirate perch, Aphredoderus sayanus (Aphredoderidae), in the Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, U. S. A. Comparative Parasitology 81: 257 - 259." type="journal article" year="2014">Barger, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF173E4F6AA82190AB" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & RIBEIRO, AND & S. A. BULLARD" box="[531,776,379,401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="50 - 69" refId="ref24877" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., R. ORELIS- RIBEIRO, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2015. Proterometra epholkos sp. n. (Digenea: Azygiidae) from Terrapin Creek, Alabama USA: Molecular characterization of life cycle, redescription of Proterometra albacauda, and updated lists of host and geographic locality records for Proterometra spp. in North America. Parasitology International 64: 50 - 69." type="journal article" year="2015">Womble et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584F88ABD59094" authorityName="Horsfall" authorityYear="1933" box="[117,252,409,430]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Proterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15584F88ABD59094" box="[117,252,409,430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Proterometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes progenetic cercariae, comprises ectoparasites of the buccal cavity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF14544FA6A96190F7" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & RIBEIRO, AND & S. A. BULLARD" box="[377,584,439,461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="50 - 69" refId="ref24877" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., R. ORELIS- RIBEIRO, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2015. Proterometra epholkos sp. n. (Digenea: Azygiidae) from Terrapin Creek, Alabama USA: Molecular characterization of life cycle, redescription of Proterometra albacauda, and updated lists of host and geographic locality records for Proterometra spp. in North America. Parasitology International 64: 50 - 69." type="journal article" year="2015">Womble et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF159F4FC5ABD190D3" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[178,248,468,489]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF159F4FC5ABD190D3" box="[178,248,468,489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF14184FC5AA9190D3" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[309,440,468,489]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF14184FC5AA9190D3" box="[309,440,468,489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a suboval body with broadly rounded ends, testes abreast in the posterior body extremity, and a uterine field and vitellarium extending well anteriad into the forebody (Gibson, 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17034C3CA82B9379" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & RIBEIRO, AND & S. A. BULLARD" box="[558,770,557,579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="50 - 69" refId="ref24877" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., R. ORELIS- RIBEIRO, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2015. Proterometra epholkos sp. n. (Digenea: Azygiidae) from Terrapin Creek, Alabama USA: Molecular characterization of life cycle, redescription of Proterometra albacauda, and updated lists of host and geographic locality records for Proterometra spp. in North America. Parasitology International 64: 50 - 69." type="journal article" year="2015">Womble et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36BD216EFFEF15A04C5BABE497C7" blockId="7.[117,787,202,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Relative to other azygiid genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17354C5AA9B7935A" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[536,670,587,608]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17354C5AA9B7935A" box="[536,670,587,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been relatively little studied regarding azygiid systematics.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17EB4C79AB9C93A1" author="MANTER, H. W." pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reviewed and redescribed all ‘‘forms’’ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17A14C97A9FB93A1" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[652,722,646,667]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17A14C97A9FB93A1" box="[652,722,646,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from North America and accepted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF148F4CB2A8279383" authority="Goldberger, 1911" authorityName="Goldberger" authorityYear="1911" box="[418,782,675,697]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF148F4CB2A97C9382" box="[418,597,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17764CB2A8279383" author="GOLDBERGER, J." box="[603,782,675,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref23369" refString="GOLDBERGER, J. 1911. Some known and three new endoparasitic trematodes from American freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington 71: 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1911">Goldberger, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584CD0A9A793EC" authority="(Stafford, 1904) Manter, 1926" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1926" baseAuthorityName="Stafford" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[117,654,704,726]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angusticauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15584CD0AA6E93EC" box="[117,327,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia angusticauda</emphasis>
|
||
(Stafford, 1904)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF14D24CD1A9A793EC" author="MANTER, H. W." box="[511,654,704,726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17E04CD0AAC793CE" authority="(Leidy, 1851) Manter, 1926" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1926" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="longa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17E04CD0AB8293C9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia longa</emphasis>
|
||
(Leidy, 1851)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF14744CCFAAC793CE" author="MANTER, H. W." box="[345,494,734,756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also reviewed several European species, which he suspected were conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17D64CEDABB69214" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lucii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17D64CEDABB69214" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">A. lucii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF159E4D08AA499215" author="STUNKARD, H. W." box="[179,352,793,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="248 - 268" refId="ref24399" refString="STUNKARD, H. W. 1956. The morphology and life-history of the digenetic trematode, Azygia sebago Ward, 1910. Biological Bulletin 111: 248 - 268." type="journal article" year="1956">Stunkard (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reviewed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17214D08A97B9214" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[524,594,793,814]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17214D08A97B9214" box="[524,594,793,814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, accepted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17E04D08AA6A9276" authority="Ward, 1910" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1910" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sebago">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17E04D08AB919276" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia sebago</emphasis>
|
||
Ward, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, demonstrated its life cycle, and concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15894D45ABC59253" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[164,236,852,873]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lucii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15894D45ABC59253" box="[164,236,852,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">A. lucii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(long considered endemic to Europe) ranged in North America.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF15F14D63AAAB92B2" author="WOOTTON, D. M." box="[220,386,882,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="488 - 98" refId="ref24952" refString="WOOTTON, D. M. 1957. Notes on the life-cycle of Azygia acuminata Goldberger, 1911 (Azygiidae Trematoda). Biological Bulletin 113: 488 - 98." type="journal article" year="1957">Wootton (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reviewed the cercariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17B14D63A9CB92BD" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[668,738,882,903]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17B14D63A9CB92BD" box="[668,738,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and determined the life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF14A04D9EA93B929E" authorityName="Goldberger" authorityYear="1911" box="[397,530,911,932]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF14A04D9EA93B929E" box="[397,530,911,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17324D9EA998929F" author="MANTER, H. W." box="[543,689,911,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF14654DBCAA2B92DA" authority="(van Beneden, 1871) Odhner, 1911" authorityName="Odhner" authorityYear="1911" baseAuthorityName="van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Otodistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cestoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF14654DBCA91892F8" box="[328,561,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Otodistomum cestoides</emphasis>
|
||
(van Beneden, 1871)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF15584DDBAA2B92DA" author="ODHNER, T." box="[117,258,970,992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="97 - 117" refId="ref23955" refString="ODHNER, T. 1911. Zum naturlichen System der Digenen Trematoden. III. Ein weiterer Fall von sekunda ¨ rum Anus. Zoologischer Anzeiger 38: 97 - 117." type="journal article" year="1911">Odhner, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Ocean. Gibson and Bray (1977) later reviewed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF14084DF9AA9892C7" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" box="[293,433,1000,1021]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Otodistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF14084DF9AA9892C7" box="[293,433,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Otodistomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF177E4DF9A9F292C7" authorityName="Odhner" authorityYear="1911" baseAuthorityName="van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[595,731,1000,1021]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Otodistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cestoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF177E4DF9A9F292C7" box="[595,731,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">O. cestoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584A14A99D9521" authority="(Creplin, 1837) Stafford, 1904" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" baseAuthorityName="Creplin" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[117,692,1029,1051]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Otodistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="veliporum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15584A14AA419520" box="[117,360,1029,1050]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Otodistomum veliporum</emphasis>
|
||
(Creplin, 1837) Stafford, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, detailed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584A32AAC99503" authority="Fyfe, 1953" authorityName="Fyfe" authorityYear="1953" box="[117,480,1059,1081]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Otodistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="plunketi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15584A32AA729502" box="[117,347,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Otodistomum plunketi</emphasis>
|
||
Fyfe, 1953
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described metacercariae of these species from a variety of hosts, and summarized the available information regarding metacercariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17A14A4FAB8995AB" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Otodistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17A14A4FA83A9549" box="[652,787,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Otodistomum</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15F04A6AA93E95AB" authority=", Horsfall (1934)" authorityName=", Horsfall" authorityYear="1934" box="[221,535,1147,1169]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Proterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15F04A6AAA4D95AA" box="[221,356,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Proterometra</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF145A4A6AA93E95AB" author="HORSFALL, M. W." box="[375,535,1147,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="311 - 347" refId="ref23400" refString="HORSFALL, M. W. 1934. Studies on the life history and morphology of the cystocercous cercariae. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 53: 311 - 347." type="journal article" year="1934">Horsfall (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17784A6AA83A95AB" author="DICKERMAN, E. E." box="[597,787,1147,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="8 - 21" refId="ref23103" refString="DICKERMAN, E. E. 1934. Studies on the trematode family Azygiidae. I. The morphology and life cycle of Proterometra macrostoma Horsfall. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 53: 8 - 21." type="journal article" year="1934">Dickerman (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described adults and cercariae of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B881F216EFFEF172B4A88A91B9595" box="[518,562,1177,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17A14A88A90F95F6" authority="(Faust, 1918) Horsfall, 1933" authorityName="Horsfall" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Faust" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Proterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17A14A88ABC795F6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Proterometra macrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
(Faust, 1918) Horsfall, 1933
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17194AA7A82695F6" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & RIBEIRO, AND & S. A. BULLARD" box="[564,783,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="50 - 69" refId="ref24877" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., R. ORELIS- RIBEIRO, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2015. Proterometra epholkos sp. n. (Digenea: Azygiidae) from Terrapin Creek, Alabama USA: Molecular characterization of life cycle, redescription of Proterometra albacauda, and updated lists of host and geographic locality records for Proterometra spp. in North America. Parasitology International 64: 50 - 69." type="journal article" year="2015">Womble et al. (2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF15584AC5AB9D95D0" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & C. R. ARIAS & S. A. BULLARD" box="[117,180,1236,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="137 - 148" refId="ref24752" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., C. R. ARIAS, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2016 a. Taxonomic redescription, morphological and molecular diagnosis, and life cycle of Proterometra catenaria Smith, 1934 (Digenea: Azygiidae) from the Choctawhatchee River, Florida, U. S. A. Comparative Parasitology 83: 137 - 148." type="journal article" year="2016">2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF15EC4AC5ABD695D0" author="WOMBLE, M. R. & RIBEIRO, AND & S. A. BULLARD" box="[193,255,1236,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="31 - 43" refId="ref24818" refString="WOMBLE, M. R., R. ORELIS- RIBEIRO, AND S. A. BULLARD. 2016 b. New species of Proterometra (Digenea: Azygiidae) and its life cycle in the Chickasawhay River, Mississippi, USA, with supplemental observations of Proterometra autraini. Parasitology International 65: 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="2016">2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) treated life cycles and revised the taxonomy of 5 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15DD4AE3AA5E943D" authorityName=", Horsfall" authorityYear="1934" box="[240,375,1266,1287]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Proterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15DD4AE3AA5E943D" box="[240,375,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Proterometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Marshall and Gilbert (1905) made
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584B1EABD1941E" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[117,248,1295,1316]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15584B1EABD1941E" box="[117,248,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF14BA4B1EA908941E" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[407,545,1295,1316]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="micropteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF14BA4B1EA908941E" box="[407,545,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">L. micropteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but did not diagnose the genus, provide insights on generic vs. specific features, or compare the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B881F216EFFEF15D34B5BAA03945A" box="[254,298,1354,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species with other azygiids.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17784B5BA83B945A" author="GOLDBERGER, J." box="[597,786,1354,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref23369" refString="GOLDBERGER, J. 1911. Some known and three new endoparasitic trematodes from American freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington 71: 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1911">Goldberger (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supplemented their description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF14CB4B79A9469447" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[486,623,1384,1405]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="micropteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF14CB4B79A9469447" box="[486,623,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">L. micropteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and diagnosed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584B94ABD194A0" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[117,248,1413,1434]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15584B94ABD194A0" box="[117,248,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, neither Marshall and Gilbert (1905) nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF15584BB3AA1C9482" author="GOLDBERGER, J." box="[117,309,1442,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref23369" refString="GOLDBERGER, J. 1911. Some known and three new endoparasitic trematodes from American freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington 71: 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1911">Goldberger (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned the genus to a family.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF17B34BB3AB9994EC" author="GOLDBERGER, J." pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref23369" refString="GOLDBERGER, J. 1911. Some known and three new endoparasitic trematodes from American freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington 71: 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1911">Goldberger (1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 32) stated, ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF147B4BD1AAF094EF" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[342,473,1472,1493]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF147B4BD1AAF094EF" box="[342,473,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be found to represent the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B881F216EFFEF15584BCCAB8894C9" box="[117,161,1501,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of at least a new subfamily...and probably of a new family.’’ Based on similarities of the male genitalia between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17B44BEAA83A972B" box="[665,787,1531,1553]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Azygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17B44BEAA9F6972A" box="[665,735,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Azygia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15814808AAD89715" authority=", Odhner (1911)" authorityName="Odhner" authorityYear="1911" box="[172,497,1561,1583]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="micropteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF15814808AA129714" box="[172,315,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">L. micropteri</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF147F4808AAD89715" author="ODHNER, T." box="[338,497,1561,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="97 - 117" refId="ref23955" refString="ODHNER, T. 1911. Zum naturlichen System der Digenen Trematoden. III. Ein weiterer Fall von sekunda ¨ rum Anus. Zoologischer Anzeiger 38: 97 - 117." type="journal article" year="1911">Odhner (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF17444808A9C49714" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[617,749,1561,1582]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF17444808A9C49714" box="[617,749,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF15584827ABF39776" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1909" box="[117,218,1590,1612]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Azygiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF14314827AA989776" author="MANTER, H. W." box="[284,433,1590,1612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref23694" refString="MANTER, H. W. 1926. Some North American fish trematodes. Illinois Biological Monographs 10: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1926">Manter, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF14E44827A9559776" author="YAMAGUTI, S." box="[457,636,1590,1612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" refId="ref24983" refString="YAMAGUTI, S. 1958. Systema Helminthum, Volume 1, The Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Interscience, New York, New York, 979 p." type="book" year="1958">Yamaguti (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the only diagnosis of the genus that considered comparable features in other azygiid genera.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF14A64860A96897BD" author="YAMAGUTI, S." box="[395,577,1649,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" refId="ref25012" refString="YAMAGUTI, S. 1971. Synopsis of Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Keigaku Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan, 1074 p." type="book" year="1971">Yamaguti (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gibson and Bray (1979), and Gibson (2002) provided diagnoses for the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF155848BDAAE297F8" authority="Goldberger, 1911" authorityName="Goldberger" authorityYear="1911" box="[117,459,1708,1730]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leuceruthrinae">
|
||
Leuceruthrinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B4C216EFFEF143A48BDAAE297F8" author="GOLDBERGER, J." box="[279,459,1708,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref23369" refString="GOLDBERGER, J. 1911. Some known and three new endoparasitic trematodes from American freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington 71: 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1911">Goldberger, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D3E216EFFEF14F848BDA97197FB" authorityName="Marshall and Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[469,600,1708,1729]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAAF216EFFEF14F848BDA97197FB" box="[469,600,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
herein is emended to include features of the body, alimentary system, genitalia, and cercaria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |