254 lines
30 KiB
XML
254 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="514D928AF3D65B1CD8BA70A6E9581C9A" ID-CLB-Dataset="39269" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a5c2246-b30c-462f-aed3-f96d8c472953" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="241598" ID-ZooBank="BA3DD6C8-38B0-4EE0-80B4-C316E814C3D1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461357997954" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Castro, Clovis B. & Pérez, Carlos D." docDate="2015" docId="038887EF9C08FF901F84F943B43BFE79" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04058p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4058 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chrysogorgia upsilonia Cordeiro, Castro & Pérez, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="FFB1FF979C01FF9C1F13FFC4B031FFDB" masterDocTitle="Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1698661602531" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D245752FD585EFBEAC541F017C7EE04E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="13A06B6B8A891805D7C0F6AE72792011">
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<mods:title id="033D341EE80899F35F3014F5FF5C4867">Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="38FD4449258EDFEE92668DF272E66634" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2CFB38735C9774E158461521B1948EE4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79F2F7D89293B3B2CF39B752C9045255">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7AF0FA566997CAE81A2E033105AE7039">Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8ECA9C302131D943A142DB7C10EDB329" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6EEDED07862AD4A624629489A7C94390">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5289F1B4CD18209DBD5FECCA6C0EFD22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0A30E2D9190F364D5656E65B2A8D51A3">Castro, Clovis B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DB5A8C569CDD83B6285B85D0B2A40C08" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A6769400DA95B4748DC900DD0465D75C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CD75183C8256EA7AD2B3F57D2BF9C4DB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="63F4C957D69E0974B545D8AA9A112D37">Pérez, Carlos D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6D735AD349851BC3F718E9ED2A8A30F8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="371BD13D63202458509AAADF28F6EB81">
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<mods:title id="B259FAB5645859DB0EF5738FF8612AC6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FDA20D2497A9BCF67D8D14C344BEFA0A">
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<mods:date id="0B43269EC702D215DFA7C3F5CFFCA67A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DA5D30F9F01478512425C57A33E56988" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D40E972BBAB6B91EDBCBF1F543CFFA71">4058</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6EEA2C8B6110C222ADBF2BB212574889" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="FA7D177C3C51BE5F5CA60960FF65F491">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="96BEAD69220AA9ED6B9B9B85CBF566B8">81</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2C68636FF788268C49ED3E14E9C00951">100</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="78145B776A069184AE160F8AA4408B76">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="49B57C400E422F5436935EE42294A9B6" type="CLB-Dataset">39269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6E768EB790FD75FA69B6F8E5BDC75791" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A40373C2189668241FE0FFB89C13C81E" type="GBIF-Dataset">0a5c2246-b30c-462f-aed3-f96d8c472953</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="761FF9801DF47243159A4502844E714E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD809D8656BAF50991166C32E91D3A68" type="Zenodo-Dep">241598</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038887EF9C08FF901F84F943B43BFE79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119647616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887EF9C08FF901F84F943B43BFE79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887EF9C08FF901F84F943B43BFE79" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="C33B65729C08FF951F84F943B15AF91E" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C08FF951F84F943B210F97A" blockId="9.[151,545,1671,1733]" box="[151,545,1671,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<heading id="D0D681959C08FF951F84F943B210F97A" bold="true" box="[151,545,1671,1697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C08FF951F84F943B210F97A" bold="true" box="[151,545,1671,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C08FF951F84F943B188F97A" ID-CoL="5Z2C8" box="[151,441,1671,1697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="upsilonia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C08FF951F84F943B188F97A" bold="true" box="[151,441,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Chrysogorgia upsilonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C08FF951ED2F943B210F97A" box="[449,545,1671,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C08FF951F84F96FB15AF91E" blockId="9.[151,545,1671,1733]" box="[151,363,1707,1733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C08FF951F8CF96FB0C5F91E" box="[159,244,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[292,1294,265,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[292,1295,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Deep-water Chrysogorgiidae from Brazil. A: holotype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016); B: holotype of Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8565); C: Chrysogorgia multiflora Deichmann, 1936 (MOUFPE-CNI 147); D: Paratype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia (MNRJ 6016); E: juvenile colony of Chrysogorgia fewkesi Verrill, 1883 (MNRJ 6703); F: adult colony of C. fewkesi (MOUFPE-CNI 148); G: Chrysogorgia elegans (MNRJ 6785); H: holotype of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566). Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241600/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">FigS. 2</figureCitation>
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A,D, 6, 7)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C08FF951F84F937B4E1F8EB" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C08FF951F84F937B507F8D7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1779,2020]" box="[151,1334,1779,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C08FF951F84F937B13EF8D7" bold="true" box="[151,271,1779,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<typeStatus id="549A885B9C08FF951F84F937B13BF8D7" box="[151,266,1779,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED30AE3C9C08FF951E04F930B152F8D0" box="[279,355,1780,1803]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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6016,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15503E9C08FF951EA1F937B207F8D7" box="[434,566,1779,1804]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" precision="15" value="-22.707224">22°42'26"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15503E9C08FF951D51F937B2FEF8D7" box="[578,719,1779,1804]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" precision="15" value="-40.134167">40°07'63"W</geoCoordinate>
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, Rio de Janeiro,
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<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C08FF951C9CF930B3D7F8D0" box="[911,998,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
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(1 colony with broken base).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C08FF951FD4F8D3B4E1F8EB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1779,2020]" box="[199,1232,1815,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<typeStatus id="549A885B9C08FF951FD4F8D3B107F8EB" box="[199,310,1815,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C08FF951FD4F8D3B107F8EB" bold="true" box="[199,310,1815,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Paratype</emphasis>
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||
</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="ED30AE3C9C08FF951E56F8DCB1A0F8F4" box="[325,401,1816,1839]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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8567, same collection data of the
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<typeStatus id="549A885B9C08FF951C08F8D3B34EF8EB" box="[795,895,1815,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(1 colony with broken base).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B65729C08FF951FD4F8FFB4C4F83F" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C08FF951FD4F8FFB4C4F83F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1779,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C08FF951FD4F8FFB177F88F" bold="true" box="[199,326,1851,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C08FF951E43F8FFB1DFF88F" box="[336,494,1851,1876]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C08FF951E43F8FFB1DFF88F" box="[336,494,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with uniplanar wiry colonies, slightly flexible at terminal branches, sparse and straight branches and strongly dichotomous branching pattern. Polyps cylindrical, sparsely distributed only on convex face of the colony, perpendicularly or slightly inclined upwards. Body wall of zooids filled with tuberculated spindles, longitudinally arranged. Coenenchymal scales with serrated margins, sometimes with a median waist and with small and low tubercles. Tentacular scales irregular with serrated margins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0BFF961FD4FF53B51DFD5E" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0BFF961FD4FF53B146FDC3" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
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||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0BFF961FD4FF53B16FFF6B" bold="true" box="[199,350,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Description:</emphasis>
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Colony uniplanar, slightly convex,
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<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961C03FF5CB36AFF74" box="[784,859,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
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maximum height, with sparse straight branches curved on the polypar face. Branching pattern strongly dichotomous (
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<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0BFF961CBCFF78B3C2FF0F" box="[943,1011,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[292,1294,265,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[292,1295,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Deep-water Chrysogorgiidae from Brazil. A: holotype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016); B: holotype of Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8565); C: Chrysogorgia multiflora Deichmann, 1936 (MOUFPE-CNI 147); D: Paratype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia (MNRJ 6016); E: juvenile colony of Chrysogorgia fewkesi Verrill, 1883 (MNRJ 6703); F: adult colony of C. fewkesi (MOUFPE-CNI 148); G: Chrysogorgia elegans (MNRJ 6785); H: holotype of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566). Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241600/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A,D). Axis with smooth texture, base broken (lost). Uniform diameter in main stem (
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<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961DCBFF24B30BFF23" box="[728,826,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
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). Diameter of secondary branches decreases every bifurcation; thickness of last branches typically
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<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961DDDFEC0B31AFEC7" box="[718,811,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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. Branches up to tenth order, most commonly fifth to eighth. First bifurcations with angles 65°–70°; last bifurcations angles 30°–45°. Main stem
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<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961BF8FEE3B567FEE4" box="[1259,1366,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
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||
long. Branches
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||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961E1AFE88B147FEBF" box="[265,374,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="4.0">4–30 mm</quantity>
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||
long, regardless of order. Polyps cylindrical polyps, to 4.0 mm long,
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||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961B89FE88B4C0FEBF" box="[1178,1265,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0BFF961A7DFE88B097FE53" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,195,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[405,1182,195,1637]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016). A: polyp view; B: spindles from body wall; C: coenenchymal scales; D: tentacular scales. Scale bars: A: 1.0 mm; B: 0.05 mm; C – D: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241604/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A), sparsely distributed only on convex face, perpendicularly or slightly inclined upwards. Body wall of zooids filled with tuberculate spindles, longitudinally arranged,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961C27FE50B3ECFE77" box="[820,989,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.46" valueMax="0.67" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.67 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0BFF961B3FFE50B445FE76" box="[1068,1140,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,195,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[405,1182,195,1637]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016). A: polyp view; B: spindles from body wall; C: coenenchymal scales; D: tentacular scales. Scale bars: A: 1.0 mm; B: 0.05 mm; C – D: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241604/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B, 7A). Coenenchymal scales with serrate margins, sometimes waisted and with small, low tubercles,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961B07FE7CB48BFE14" box="[1044,1210,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.205" valueMax="0.33" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961A39FE7CB0F2FE2F" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0BFF961E02FE18B164FE2E" box="[273,341,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,195,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[405,1182,195,1637]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016). A: polyp view; B: spindles from body wall; C: coenenchymal scales; D: tentacular scales. Scale bars: A: 1.0 mm; B: 0.05 mm; C – D: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241604/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 7B). Tentacular scales irregular, with serrate margins,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961CF2FE18B4B7FE2F" box="[993,1158,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.11" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961BE4FE18B5ADFE2F" box="[1271,1436,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.03" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.02">0.02–0.04 mm</quantity>
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||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0BFF961FCDFE3BB112FDC3" box="[222,291,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,195,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[405,1182,195,1637]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016). A: polyp view; B: spindles from body wall; C: coenenchymal scales; D: tentacular scales. Scale bars: A: 1.0 mm; B: 0.05 mm; C – D: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241604/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 7C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0BFF961FD4FDE0B51DFD5E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0BFF961FD4FDE0B1DEFDE6" bold="true" box="[199,495,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Variability of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0BFF961E6BFDE0B1DBFDE6" box="[376,490,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A striking feature of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0BFF961C34FDE1B3BBFDE6" box="[807,906,549,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is the extremely short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0BFF961BBFFDE0B4C5FDE7" box="[1196,1268,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) second-order branch. Another difference is the number of remaining polyps in each colony, which is due to damage caused by collection method. There is little variation between the sclerites of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0BFF961CD1FDA8B417FD5E" box="[962,1062,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and those of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0BFF961BD2FDA9B519FD5E" box="[1217,1320,621,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0BFF901FD4FD4BB2BCFEE0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0BFF961FD4FD4BB4DAFCCF" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0BFF961FD4FD4BB10EFD73" bold="true" box="[199,319,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Although incomplete (lacking holdfast) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0BFF961C3AFD4BB340FD73" box="[809,881,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[292,1294,265,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[292,1295,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Deep-water Chrysogorgiidae from Brazil. A: holotype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016); B: holotype of Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8565); C: Chrysogorgia multiflora Deichmann, 1936 (MOUFPE-CNI 147); D: Paratype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia (MNRJ 6016); E: juvenile colony of Chrysogorgia fewkesi Verrill, 1883 (MNRJ 6703); F: adult colony of C. fewkesi (MOUFPE-CNI 148); G: Chrysogorgia elegans (MNRJ 6785); H: holotype of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566). Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241600/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A,D), it seems to us that the specimens had its main stems broken near the basis, as typically occurs in chrysogorgiids attached to hard substrates that were collected by trawling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0BFF961EB2FD13B1D2FD2B" box="[417,483,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1997,2019]" captionTargetBox="[186,1417,216,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1972]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of collection stations of Chrysogorgiidae in Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241599/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C,E,F,G). Therefore, here we describe the species with a dichotomous branching pattern; nevertheless this interpretation would change if new specimens show a different pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E66719C0BFF961F84F8F9B44BF8AD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241603/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" targetBox="[174,1412,841,1831]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0BFF961F84F8F9B44BF8AD" blockId="10.[151,1436,1852,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0BFF961F84F8F9B126F889" bold="true" box="[151,279,1853,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawing of the variability of sclerites in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0BFF961DCFF8F8B3D7F889" box="[732,998,1852,1874]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0BFF961DCFF8F8B3D7F889" box="[732,998,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0BFF961CE3F8F9B472F889" box="[1008,1091,1853,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A: spindles from body wall; B: tentacular scales; C: coenenchymal scales from branches. Scale bars: A: 0.11 mm; B–C: 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E66719C0AFF971F84F9B8B463F96A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241604/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" targetBox="[405,1181,195,1637]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0AFF971F84F9B8B463F96A" blockId="11.[151,1436,1660,1713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0AFF971F84F9B8B126F94A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1660,1682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0AFF971EB0F9B8B2A9F949" box="[419,664,1660,1682]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="upsilonia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0AFF971EB0F9B8B2A9F949" box="[419,664,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Chrysogorgia upsilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0AFF971DB0F9B9B2C4F949" box="[675,757,1661,1682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MNRJ 6016). A: polyp view; B: spindles from body wall; C: coenenchymal scales; D: tentacular scales. Scale bars: A: 1.0 mm; B: 0.05 mm; C–D: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0AFF901FD4F932B2BCFEE0" blockId="11.[151,1436,1782,2015]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,419]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">
|
||
According to the species groupings within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0AFF971C37F932B38EF8D4" box="[804,959,1782,1807]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0AFF971C37F932B38EF8D4" box="[804,959,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0AFF971B48F932B55AF8D4" author="Wright" box="[1115,1387,1782,1807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Versluys (1902)—see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0AFF971E87F8DDB25AF8E9" author="Cairns" box="[404,619,1817,1842]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2001) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Gorgonacea: Ellisellidae). Part 1: The genus Chrysogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (3), 746 - 787." type="journal article" year="2001">Cairns (2001: 755)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0AFF971D9BF8DDB3A5F8E9" box="[648,916,1817,1842]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="upsilonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0AFF971D9BF8DDB3A5F8E9" box="[648,916,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Chrysogorgia upsilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not fit within the group B (squamosae aberrantes), because species of this group possess rods and /or spindles in tentacles but not in the body wall; neither in group C (squamosae typicae), since it includes species that do not have rods or spindles, just scales. The group A (spiculosae) comprises species with rods and/or spindles in body wall and tentacles, which also does not fit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0AFF971A91F846B0CEF866" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="upsilonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0AFF971A91F846B0CEF866" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">C. upsilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has spindles in the body wall and scales in tentacles. However, group A (spiculosae) contains the only one known species with a dichotomous branching pattern:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0AFF971C68F803B4E1F804" authority="Kukenthal, 1908" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1908" box="[891,1232,1990,2015]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pellucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0AFF971C68F803B436F804" box="[891,1031,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">C. pellucida</emphasis>
|
||
Kükenthal, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with distribution restricted to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33676699C0DFF901E35FF5CB158FF74" box="[294,361,152,175]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This has polyps up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0DFF901D67FF53B2FAFF74" box="[628,715,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, in contrast with the polyps to 4.0 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0DFF901BFAFF5CB542FF6B" box="[1257,1395,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="upsilonia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0DFF901BFAFF5CB542FF6B" box="[1257,1395,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">C. upsilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0DFF901A6FFF5CB0F6FF09" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A second difference is the shape and size of the polyp spindles, which are flat and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0DFF901BADFF7FB512FF09" box="[1214,1315,187,211]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0DFF901A91FF7FB0CEFF2D" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pellucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0DFF901A91FF7FB0CEFF2D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">C. pellucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while being tuberculate and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0DFF901DB5FF19B33EFF2E" box="[678,783,221,246]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="0.67">0.67 mm</quantity>
|
||
in new species. Ultimately, the creation of a Group D (spiculosae aberrantes) seems to be the most reasonable way to group this unique species and prevent possible new conflicts in the systematics of
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0DFF901EF8FEE6B2BCFEE0" box="[491,653,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0DFF901EF8FEE6B2B8FEE0" box="[491,649,290,315]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chrysogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0DFF901FD4FE81B43BFE79" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0DFF901FD4FE81B43BFE79" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,419]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0DFF901FD4FE81B160FE85" bold="true" box="[199,337,325,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
From the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0DFF901D0BFE81B254FE85" box="[536,613,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">ύψιλον</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0DFF901D67FE81B2F4FE85" box="[628,709,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">ýpsilon</emphasis>
|
||
, “upsilon”), letter of the Greek alphabet (corresponding to the Latin letter “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33676699C0DFF901E36FEACB10CFE5B" box="[293,317,360,384]" name="Italy" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
”). In relation to the manner in which the main stem bifurcates in this species. Gender female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0DFF901FD4FE4EB153FE78" bold="true" box="[199,354,394,419]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0DFF901D2AFE4FB258FE78" box="[569,617,395,419]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Off Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0DFF901CBDFE4FB437FE79" box="[942,1030,395,419]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |