394 lines
55 KiB
XML
394 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8EBF0C909201367E2E41CD247B46B25B">Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae). Part 1: a review of the genus Chrysogorgia, with description of a new genus and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="515507BEF824B2982C9BB98A067F49D1">Xu, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C29ADBF02609453B0F4605DEB4EE9F0F">Zhan, Zifeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BEBB5BC03227E4BB6940FED7A2E3535">Xu, Kuidong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="87DE513FC5A194F8307900A4102023E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0388878CFFD59C39099CEDBF7038FC4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203422" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212424448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388878CFFD59C39099CEDBF7038FC4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388878CFFD59C39099CEDBF7038FC4E" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD59C3D099CEDBF7746FF5A" blockId="35.[151,846,151,213]" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0D681F6FFD59C3D099CEDBF7746FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,846,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D099CEDBF7746FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD59C3D099CEDBF76C8FF5A" authority="(Versluys, 1902)" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,704,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D099CEDBF75F9FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,497,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Parachrysogorgia octagonos</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD59C3D0B0AEDBF76B0FF5A" author="Versluys, J." box="[513,696,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657F3FFD59C3D0BC3EDBF7746FF5A" box="[712,846,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD59C3D099CED937513FF3E" box="[151,283,187,213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD59C3D099CED937513FF3E" blockId="35.[151,846,151,213]" box="[151,283,187,213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD59C3D099CED937513FF3E" box="[151,283,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURE 19" captionStart-3="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionStartId-1="36.[151,250,1750,1774]" captionStartId-2="37.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionStartId-3="38.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1430,179,1724]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1434,450,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure-61@35.[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@36.[157,1430,179,1724]" captionTargetId-2="figure-134@37.[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetId-3="figure-165@38.[154,1434,450,1903]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="36" captionTargetPageId-2="37" captionTargetPageId-3="38" captionText-0="FIGURE 17. The external morphology and polyps of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A part of branch under a light microscope. D, E. A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 5 mm (C); 1 mm (D, E)." captionText-1="FIGURE 18. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites in the basal part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 500 μm (A and B in the same scale)." captionText-2="FIGURE 19. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites on the upper part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites on the upper part of tentacle rachis. C Sclerites on the basal part of tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C in the same scale); 100 μm (B, D in the same scale)." captionText-3="FIGURE 20. The external morphology and sclerites of small zooids. A. A part of branch covered with numerous small zooids. B, C. A single zooid under a light microscope and SEM. D. Two small zooids under SEM. E. Sclerites of the zooid. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 200 μm (B–D); 100 μm (E)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203464" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203466" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203468" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8203464/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8203466/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8203468/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 17–20</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD59C3D099CEC287674FEDD" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD59C3D099CEC287705FEF3" blockId="35.[151,781,255,310]" box="[151,781,255,280]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111B4FFD59C3D099CEC287705FEF3" box="[151,781,255,280]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFD59C3D099CEC287675FEFC" author="Versluys, J." box="[151,637,255,280]" page="67" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1902">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD59C3D099CEC287675FEFC" ID-CoL="5YQD5" authority="Versluys, 1902: 65 - 67" authorityName="Versluys" authorityPageNumber="65 - 67" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,637,255,280]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D099CEC287599FEFC" box="[151,401,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chrysogorgia octagonos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD59C3D089CEC287675FEFC" author="Versluys, J." box="[407,637,255,280]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902: 65–67</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 99–103.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD59C3D099CEC367674FEDD" blockId="35.[151,781,255,310]" box="[151,636,286,310]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111B4FFD59C3D099CEC367674FEDD" box="[151,636,286,310]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFD59C3D099CEC367670FEDD" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,632,286,310]" page="525" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD59C3D099CEC367670FEDD" ID-CoL="5YQD5" authority=": Kukenthal 1919: 525" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="525" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,632,286,310]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D099CEC367599FEDD" box="[151,401,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chrysogorgia octagonos</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD59C3D0894EC367670FEDD" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[415,632,286,310]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref38389" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergennisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919: 525</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD59C3D099CEC4C76DDFE48" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD59C3D099CEC4C76DDFE48" blockId="35.[151,1437,356,419]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D099CEC4C7588FE95" bold="true" box="[151,384,356,382]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B493CC7FFD59C3D088EEC4C76D9FE48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4168152329" collectingDate="2019-06-04" collectionCode="MBM" elevation="975" latitude="10.096389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="140.18889" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="MBM286860" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DB879EE1FFD59C3D088EEC4C7629FE95" box="[389,545,356,382]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MBM286860</specimenCode>
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, station FX-Dive 216 (
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFD59C3D0AA8EC4E703EFE6A" box="[931,1078,358,385]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="15" seconds="20" value="140.18889">140°11′20″E</geoCoordinate>
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), a seamount (tentatively named as M5) on the Caroline Ridge,
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD59C3D08FAECA07632FE48" box="[497,570,392,419]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="975.0">
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<elevation id="000CD1A9FFD59C3D08FAECA07632FE48" box="[497,570,392,419]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="975.0">975 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF9F105AFFD59C3D0B4DECA176D9FE48" box="[582,721,393,419]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2019-06-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFDBE9B2FFD59C3D0B4DECA176D9FE48" box="[582,721,393,419]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2019-06-04">4 June 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5E6612FFD59C3D099CEABC77B1F81F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" targetBox="[184,1404,440,1914]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD59C3D099CEABC77B1F81F" blockId="35.[151,1437,1940,2036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D099CEABC7517F847" bold="true" box="[151,287,1940,1964]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
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The external morphology and polyps of
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD59C3D0BBDEABC7080F847" authority="(Versluys, 1902)" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[694,1160,1940,1964]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0BBDEABC77D4F847" box="[694,988,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Parachrysogorgia octagonos</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD59C3D0AE3EABC7089F847" author="Versluys, J." box="[1000,1153,1940,1964]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657F3FFD59C3D0D86EABC70F5F847" box="[1165,1277,1940,1964]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0C0AEABC711BF847" bold="true" box="[1281,1299,1940,1964]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0C14EABC713EF847" bold="true" box="[1311,1334,1940,1964]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B.</emphasis>
|
||
The same specimen in situ and after collection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0B06EA90762DF83B" bold="true" box="[525,549,1976,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch under a light microscope.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0ADEEA9077EFF83B" bold="true" box="[981,999,1976,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0AF8EA907002F83B" bold="true" box="[1011,1034,1976,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E.</emphasis>
|
||
A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0B91EAF476A3F81F" bold="true" box="[666,683,2012,2036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0A01EAF47714F81F" bold="true" box="[778,796,2012,2036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0A70EAF47785F81F" bold="true" box="[891,909,2012,2036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD59C3D0A91EAF477A3F81F" bold="true" box="[922,939,2012,2036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFD29C3A099CEBFE77ECF8F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203464/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,250,1750,1774]" targetBox="[157,1430,179,1724]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD29C3A099CEBFE77ECF8F9" blockId="36.[151,1437,1750,1811]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD29C3A099CEBFE7517F905" bold="true" box="[151,287,1750,1774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD29C3A0895EBFE777AF904" authority="(Versluys, 1902)" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[414,882,1750,1775]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD29C3A0895EBFE76CCF905" box="[414,708,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Parachrysogorgia octagonos</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD29C3A0BDAEBFE7763F904" author="Versluys, J." box="[721,875,1750,1775]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657F3FFD29C3A0A73EBFE77E0F905" box="[888,1000,1750,1774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD29C3A0AE6EBFE700EF905" bold="true" box="[1005,1030,1750,1774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in the basal part of polyp body wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD29C3A09C4EBD374EEF8F8" bold="true" box="[207,230,1787,1811]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 500 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD29C3A0BC5EBD276E8F8F9" bold="true" box="[718,736,1786,1810]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD29C3A0A1AEBD3772AF8F8" bold="true" box="[785,802,1787,1811]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD29C3809CCEA6877EBFE46" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD29C3B09CCEA6876FDFE62" blockId="36.[151,1437,1856,2027]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD29C3A09CCEA687551F8B1" bold="true" box="[199,345,1856,1882]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen bottlebrush-shaped and attached to a rocky substrate, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0D69EA6970ADF8B0" box="[1122,1189,1857,1883]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="24.0">24 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0C1BEA68714DF8B0" box="[1296,1349,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide in maximum with an oval white holdfast about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0B83EA4C76DBF894" box="[648,723,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD29C3A0A6DEA4D77E5F894" box="[870,1005,1893,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-61@35.[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. The external morphology and polyps of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A part of branch under a light microscope. D, E. A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 5 mm (C); 1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stem about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0D8EEA4D70CEF894" box="[1157,1222,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at base and brown with a little aeruginous metallic luster. Branching sequence 1/4R. Branches subdivided dichotomously, up to five orders with branching angle 60°–80°. Distance between adjacent branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0D41EA8570A2F82C" box="[1098,1194,1965,1991]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, orthostiche intervals
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A099CEAF9751BF800" box="[151,275,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the first internode of branch about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0BA1EAF97700F800" box="[682,776,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the terminal branchlets up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0D87EAF870D7F800" box="[1164,1247,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Polyps
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD29C3A0C34EAF97195F800" box="[1343,1437,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD39C3B09FCEDBF755CFF5A" box="[247,340,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, some of them up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD39C3B0B70EDBF76B4FF5A" box="[635,700,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide with an expanded body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B0D1AEDBF709FFF5A" box="[1041,1175,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-61@35.[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. The external morphology and polyps of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A part of branch under a light microscope. D, E. A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 5 mm (C); 1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 17D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polyps usually absent on first and second internode, and arranged one to three in terminal branchlets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B0D2DED937086FF3E" box="[1062,1166,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-61@35.[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. The external morphology and polyps of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A part of branch under a light microscope. D, E. A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 5 mm (C); 1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eight blunt and warty points present beneath the tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B0B48EDF776D9FF12" box="[579,721,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-61@35.[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. The external morphology and polyps of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A part of branch under a light microscope. D, E. A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 5 mm (C); 1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 17D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small zooids without obvious polyp oral disc and tentacles,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD39C3B099CEC2A7531FEF6" box="[151,313,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, cylindrical and occasionally warty, numerous in number, densely arranged on the surface of stem and the first internodes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B08A1EC0F763BFEAA" box="[426,563,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,450,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-165@38.[154,1434,450,1903]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 20. The external morphology and sclerites of small zooids. A. A part of branch covered with numerous small zooids. B, C. A single zooid under a light microscope and SEM. D. Two small zooids under SEM. E. Sclerites of the zooid. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 200 μm (B–D); 100 μm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203468/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 20A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in zooids longitudinally or obliquely arranged, elongate and smooth, usually biscuit-shaped with a slightly medial contraction and toothed edges, some of them lobed with irregular outline, measuring 85–190 × 33–58 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B0B69EC4776E0FE62" box="[610,744,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,450,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-165@38.[154,1434,450,1903]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 20. The external morphology and sclerites of small zooids. A. A part of branch covered with numerous small zooids. B, C. A single zooid under a light microscope and SEM. D. Two small zooids under SEM. E. Sclerites of the zooid. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 200 μm (B–D); 100 μm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203468/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 20C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFD39C3B099CEBBD77B9F91E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203466/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1685,1709]" targetBox="[176,1410,417,1661]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD39C3B099CEBBD77B9F91E" blockId="37.[151,1437,1685,1781]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B099CEBBD7517F946" bold="true" box="[151,287,1685,1709]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD39C3B0890EBBD7765F946" authority="(Versluys, 1902)" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[411,877,1685,1709]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B0890EBBD76C9F946" box="[411,705,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Parachrysogorgia octagonos</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD39C3B0BC5EBBD776EF946" author="Versluys, J." box="[718,870,1685,1709]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657F3FFD39C3B0A78EBBD77EAF947" box="[883,994,1685,1709]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B0AECEBBD77F7F946" bold="true" box="[999,1023,1685,1709]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites on the upper part of polyp body wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B09DBEB9174EFF93A" bold="true" box="[208,231,1721,1745]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites on the upper part of tentacle rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B0BCAEB9176DBF93A" bold="true" box="[705,723,1721,1745]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites on the basal part of tentacle rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B0DACEB9170B7F93A" bold="true" box="[1191,1215,1721,1745]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 500 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B0863EBF57572F91E" bold="true" box="[360,378,1757,1781]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B088CEBF57591F91E" bold="true" box="[391,409,1757,1781]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale); 100 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B0BB5EBF576C7F91E" bold="true" box="[702,719,1757,1781]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD39C3B0BD7EBF576E6F91E" bold="true" box="[732,750,1757,1781]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD39C3809CCEA0B77EBFE46" blockId="37.[151,1436,1827,2034]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1436,150,429]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Rods and plates in the basal tentacle rachis longitudinally arranged and usually in two rows, thick and irregular with more lobed edges, smooth, some of them with many large warts or ridges on surface, usually one end thick and the other end flat and broad, measuring 231–598 × 48–288 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B0AACEA437012F86E" box="[935,1050,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-61@35.[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. The external morphology and polyps of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A part of branch under a light microscope. D, E. A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 5 mm (C); 1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B0D23EA437052F86E" box="[1064,1114,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-134@37.[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites on the upper part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites on the upper part of tentacle rachis. C Sclerites on the basal part of tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C in the same scale); 100 μm (B, D in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203466/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">19C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in the upper part of tentacle rachis small and curved, nearly smooth and almost with fine toothed edges and a medial contraction, some of them lobed and twisted with irregular edges and shapes, occasionally with sparse fine warts, measuring 68–234 × 13–95 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD39C3B083FEAFF7594F81A" box="[308,412,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-134@37.[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites on the upper part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites on the upper part of tentacle rachis. C Sclerites on the basal part of tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C in the same scale); 100 μm (B, D in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203466/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in pinnules longitudinally arranged, slender and smooth, often a little curved and twisted, measuring 98–262 × 14–54 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD09C380B61EDBF76DCFF5A" box="[618,724,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-134@37.[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites on the upper part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites on the upper part of tentacle rachis. C Sclerites on the basal part of tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C in the same scale); 100 μm (B, D in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203466/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in the upper part of polyp body wall thick and smooth with lobed edges and various shape, some of them curved and sharp at one or two ends, broad and lobed at the other end, combining to form a warty and blunt point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle, measuring 227–827 × 29–308 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD09C3808A6EC2B7628FEF6" box="[429,544,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-61@35.[184,1404,440,1914]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. The external morphology and polyps of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A part of branch under a light microscope. D, E. A single terminal polyp under SEM and a light microscope, respectively. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 5 mm (C); 1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203462/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD09C380B25EC2B7669FEF6" box="[558,609,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-134@37.[176,1410,417,1661]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites on the upper part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites on the upper part of tentacle rachis. C Sclerites on the basal part of tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C in the same scale); 100 μm (B, D in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203466/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">19A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in basal part of polyp body wall longitudinally and transversely arranged, elongate and smooth with a slight medial contraction, some of them with finely toothed edges and lobed with an irregular outline, measuring 112–613 × 37–263 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD09C380A43EC6377BAFE8E" box="[840,946,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,179,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-20@36.[157,1430,179,1724]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites in the basal part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 500 μm (A and B in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203464/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in coenenchyme arranged along to the branch, elongate and smooth, usually lobed with irregular edges and a slight medial contraction, some of them branched with various shape, measuring 125–550 × 25–156 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFD09C380A64ECBB77DDFE46" box="[879,981,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,179,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-20@36.[157,1430,179,1724]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18. Sclerites of Parachrysogorgia octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov. A. Sclerites in the basal part of polyp body wall. B. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 500 μm (A and B in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203464/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFD09C38099CEAA1762DF802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203468/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,250,1929,1953]" targetBox="[154,1434,450,1903]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD09C38099CEAA1762DF802" blockId="38.[151,1437,1929,2026]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C38099CEAA17528F84A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1929,1953]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology and sclerites of small zooids.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C380A52EAA1777AF84A" bold="true" box="[857,882,1929,1953]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch covered with numerous small zooids.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C38099CEA8574A0F82E" bold="true" box="[151,168,1965,1989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C3809BEEA8574CFF82E" bold="true" box="[181,199,1965,1989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
|
||
. A single zooid under a light microscope and SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C380BDCEA8576E1F82E" bold="true" box="[727,745,1965,1989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Two small zooids under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C380D25EA857037F82E" bold="true" box="[1070,1087,1965,1989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Sclerites of the zooid. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C3809EBEAF974FAF802" bold="true" box="[224,242,2001,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
), 200 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C38086FEAF9759CF802" bold="true" box="[356,404,2001,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B–D</emphasis>
|
||
); 100 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD09C380B0DEAF9761FF802" bold="true" box="[518,535,2001,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD19C3909CCEDBE716AFF5A" box="[199,1378,150,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD19C3909CCEDBE716AFF5A" blockId="39.[151,1436,150,429]" box="[199,1378,150,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C3909CCEDBE75F9FF5B" bold="true" box="[199,497,150,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Timor Sea,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD19C390B70EDBE76CAFF5A" box="[635,706,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390BDBEDBF777DFF5A" author="Versluys, J." box="[720,885,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a seamount on the Caroline Ridge,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD13FFD19C390C1FEDBE716AFF5A" box="[1300,1378,150,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD19C390C1FEDBE7156FF5A" box="[1300,1374,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="975.0">975 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD19C3909CCED937722FDF3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD19C3909CCED93715FFE46" blockId="39.[151,1436,150,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C3909CCED937533FF3E" bold="true" box="[199,315,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Our specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD19C390B1AED937761FF3E" authority="(Versluys, 1902)" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[529,873,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390B1AED9376AAFF3F" box="[529,674,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. octagonos</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390BBFED937769FF3E" author="Versluys, J." box="[692,865,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
matches well with the original description. This species has a bare, sclerite-free area present at the base of the tentacle and is classified to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD19C390DC2EDF7719DFF12" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1225,1429,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390DC2EDF7719DFF12" box="[1225,1429,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Parachrysogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD19C390871EC2B7718FEF6" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[378,784,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="expansa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390871EC2B75FAFEF7" box="[378,498,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. expansa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390B0AEC2B7700FEF6" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[513,776,259,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and according to the description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390DA0EC2B7168FEF6" author="Versluys, J." box="[1195,1376,259,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, they may be the same species with intraspecific variation, which needs to be confirmed further. At present, based on the known morphological features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD19C390B2EEC6376BCFE8F" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[549,692,331,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octagonos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390B2EEC6376BCFE8F" box="[549,692,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. octagonos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD19C390AB2EC637039FE8F" authorityName="Xu & Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[953,1073,331,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Parachrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="expansa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390AB2EC637039FE8F" box="[953,1073,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. expansa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its relatively flat and smooth sclerites at the tentacle base (vs. thick and often with many large warts on surface) and more projecting and curved points at the base of tentacular part (vs. a little projecting and blunt) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390A96ECBB7094FE46" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[925,1180,403,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390DACECBB7142FE46" author="Versluys, J." box="[1191,1354,403,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD19C39099CECD67722FDF3" blockId="39.[151,810,510,537]" box="[151,810,510,537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C39099CECD67722FDF3" bold="true" box="[151,810,510,537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD19C3909E5ECD67722FDF3" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[238,810,510,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C3909E5ECD6759BFDF2" bold="true" box="[238,403,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390891ECD67722FDF3" author="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J." box="[410,810,510,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="97 - 206" refId="ref37913" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Memoires de l' Academie des Sciences de Turin, 2, 97 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105196" type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD19C39099CEF6E7005FCB6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD19C39099CEF6E7005FCB6" blockId="39.[151,1436,582,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C39099CEF6E765CFD8A" bold="true" box="[151,596,582,609]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Diagnosis (redefined on the basis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390B3BEF6F765CFD8A" author="Xu, Y. & Zhan, Z. & Xu, K." box="[560,596,583,609]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="8832" refId="ref39968" refString="Xu, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2020 a) Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. PeerJ, 8, e 8832. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 8832" type="journal article" year="2020">Xu</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390B5CEF6F7684FD8A" box="[599,652,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390B84EF6E76EEFD8B" bold="true" box="[655,742,582,608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2020a).</emphasis>
|
||
Colony branching usually sympodial, occasionally monopodial with a long straight or zigzagging stem, arising from a single ascending spiral (clockwise or counterclockwise, bottlebrush-shaped colony), a fan (planar colony), two or more fans emerging from a short main stem (bi- or multi-flabellate colony), or branches producing on the top of a long unbranched stem (tree-shaped colony). Axis with a metallic shine, dark to golden in color. Branch subdivided dichotomously or pinnately. Most polyps relatively large to the size of the branches they sit on, few in number and well separated from one another. Tentacle rachis arising from the polyp body wall continuously with sclerites not forming a bare, sclerite-free area at the base of tentacle and projections beneath the tentacles. Sclerites in the form of spindles, rods, scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD19C3909CCEE4F7085FC6A" box="[199,1165,870,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD19C3909CCEE4F7085FC6A" blockId="39.[151,1436,582,933]" box="[199,1165,870,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C3909CCEE4F756AFC6B" bold="true" box="[199,354,870,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A8838FFD19C3909CCEE4F750AFC6A" box="[199,258,871,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFD19C390862EE4F77EFFC6A" ID-CoL="5Z2BC" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[361,999,871,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="desbonni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390862EE4F7678FC6A" box="[361,624,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chrysogorgia desbonni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390B7CEE4F77EFFC6A" author="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J." box="[631,999,871,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="97 - 206" refId="ref37913" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Memoires de l' Academie des Sciences de Turin, 2, 97 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105196" type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFD19C3909CCEEA27038FC4E" box="[199,1072,906,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFD19C3909CCEEA27038FC4E" blockId="39.[151,1436,582,933]" box="[199,1072,906,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C3909CCEEA27569FC4F" bold="true" box="[199,353,906,932]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Worldwide in a depth range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFD19C390BC8EEA3774AFC4E" box="[707,834,907,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.251" metricValueMax="4.492" metricValueMin="0.01" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2251.0" valueMax="4492.0" valueMin="10.0">10–4492 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFD19C390A5BEEA37021FC4E" author="Watling, L. & France, S. C. & Pante, E. & Simpson, A." box="[848,1065,907,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="41 - 122" refId="ref39691" refString="Watling, L., France, S. C., Pante, E. & Simpson, A. (2011) Chapter Two-Biology of Deep-Water Octocorals. Advances in Marine Biology, 60 (3), 41 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 385529 - 9.00002 - 0" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Watling
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFD19C390ABAEEA377E1FC4E" box="[945,1001,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |