191 lines
28 KiB
XML
191 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B3669891596111FFA0BDCF428C55FDD9">Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae). Part 1: a review of the genus Chrysogorgia, with description of a new genus and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="130ACC098958E9FA4467B6B58EB7E685">Xu, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D23C38B805C9A972D25AF78F17BFEF51">Xu, Kuidong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388878CFFBD9C55099CEF0A7663F9CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203450" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212424454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388878CFFBD9C55099CEF0A7663F9CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388878CFFBD9C55099CEF0A7663F9CC" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="D0D681F6FFBD9C55099CEF0A770DFDD7" bold="true" box="[151,773,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C55099CEF0A770DFDD7" ID-CoL="85NSD" ID-ENA="2664801" authority="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019" authorityName="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,773,546,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramificans">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEF0A770DFDD7" bold="true" box="[151,773,546,573]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEF0A75CDFDD7" bold="true" box="[151,453,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia ramificans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C5508C6EF0B770DFDD7" author="Xu, Y. & Li, Y. & Zhan, Z. & Xu, K." box="[461,773,546,573]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="91 - 107" refId="ref39824" refString="Xu, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2019) Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean. Zookeys, 881, 91 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 881.34759" type="journal article" year="2019">Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C55099CEF6F7513FD8A" blockId="75.[151,773,546,609]" box="[151,283,583,609]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C55099CEF6F74FCFD8A" box="[151,244,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-20@76.[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 46. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, E. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D. Pinnular part under SEM. F. A single terminal polyp under SEM. G. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, E, F); 500 μm (G); 100 μm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203538/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 46</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C5509F4EF6F7513FD8A" box="[255,283,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-17@77.[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 47. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in pinnules. C. Sclerites in coenenchyme. D. Sclerites in polyp body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, C and D in the same scale); 100 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203542/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">47</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C55099CEFA376E5FD48" ID-CoL="85NSD" authority="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019: 94 - 97" authorityName="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu" authorityPageNumber="94 - 97" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,749,651,675]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramificans">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEFA3759DFD48" box="[151,405,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia ramificans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C550897EFA476E5FD48" author="Xu, Y. & Li, Y. & Zhan, Z. & Xu, K." box="[412,749,651,675]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="91 - 107" refId="ref39824" refString="Xu, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2019) Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean. Zookeys, 881, 91 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 881.34759" type="journal article" year="2019">Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019: 94–97</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 2–3.
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEFF97588FD00" bold="true" box="[151,384,721,747]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DB879EE1FFBD9C55088EEFF97629FD00" box="[389,545,721,747]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">MBM286861</specimenCode>
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, station FX-Dive 223 (
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFBD9C550AA9EFFB703EFD05" box="[930,1078,723,750]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="12" value="140.25333">140°15′12″E</geoCoordinate>
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), a seamount (tentatively named as M7) on the Caroline Ridge,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFDBE9B2FFBD9C550B46EFDD76EDFCE4" box="[589,741,757,784]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2019-06-11">11 June 2019</collectingDate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBD9C5509CCEE31710EFA98" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C5509CCEE3170C6FBB8" blockId="75.[151,1437,721,1576]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C5509CCEE317551FCD8" bold="true" box="[199,345,793,819]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony typical bottlebrush-shaped and attached to a rocky substrate (
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). Specimen about
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C55099CEE1574D6FCB3" box="[151,222,829,856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="cm" value="36.0">36 cm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C55085FEE157593FCB3" box="[340,411,829,856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
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wide in maximum with the holdfast not recovered (
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). Main stem about
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in diameter at base and brown to yellow with metallic luster. Branching sequence 1/
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<specimenCount id="9D27FD13FFBD9C550D70EE4970AAFC90" box="[1147,1186,865,891]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="generic">3L.</specimenCount>
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Branches subdivided dichotomously, up to five orders with branching angle 80°–100°. Distance between adjacent branch
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, orthostiche intervals
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, the first internode of branch
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C550A58EE8177B7FC2F" box="[851,959,937,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="8.0">8–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the terminal branchlets up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C550C4EEE817191FC2F" box="[1349,1433,937,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Polyps cylindrical, some of them curved, usually perpendicular to the branches, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C550D6FEEE570B4FC03" box="[1124,1212,973,1000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
tall average
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C550C59EEE57190FC03" box="[1362,1432,973,1000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and 0.5–1.0 mm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550897EED97648FBE0" box="[412,576,1009,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-20@76.[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 46. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, E. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D. Pinnular part under SEM. F. A single terminal polyp under SEM. G. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, E, F); 500 μm (G); 100 μm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203538/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 46C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polyps up to three and became very small on the first internode, up to four in medial internodes and up to five in terminal branchlets. Polyps absent in stem internodes and verruae absent. Tentacular part 0.5–1.0 mm long with tentacle rachis forming eight obvious columns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550D57E91170CAFBB8" box="[1116,1218,1081,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-20@76.[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 46. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, E. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D. Pinnular part under SEM. F. A single terminal polyp under SEM. G. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, E, F); 500 μm (G); 100 μm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203538/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 46E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C5509CCE975710EFA98" blockId="75.[151,1437,721,1576]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Rods and spindles in polyp body wall longitudinally or obliquely arranged, large and thick, rarely branched with many large and coarse warts, occasionally with irregular edges and shape, measuring 115–529 × 49–141 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550C64E9A974C4FB54" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-17@77.[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 47. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in pinnules. C. Sclerites in coenenchyme. D. Sclerites in polyp body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, C and D in the same scale); 100 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203542/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 47D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rods and spindles in tentacle rachis longitudinally arranged extending to the polyp neck, all covered with many large and coarse warts, some of them branched with irregular shape, measuring 135–459 × 23–106 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550C64E9E174C4FAEC" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-17@77.[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 47. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in pinnules. C. Sclerites in coenenchyme. D. Sclerites in polyp body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, C and D in the same scale); 100 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203542/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in pinnules transversely arranged, small with finely toothed ends and sparse warts on surface, some of them curved or twisted with a medial contraction, occasionally nearly smooth, measuring 114–148 × 21–60 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550994E81D7519FAA4" box="[159,273,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-20@76.[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 46. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, E. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D. Pinnular part under SEM. F. A single terminal polyp under SEM. G. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, E, F); 500 μm (G); 100 μm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203538/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 46D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550816E81D7547FAA4" box="[285,335,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-17@77.[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 47. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in pinnules. C. Sclerites in coenenchyme. D. Sclerites in polyp body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, C and D in the same scale); 100 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203542/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">47B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in coenenchyme arranged along to the branch, elongated and flat with dentate edges and a few large warts, some of them smooth and thick, measuring 223–671 × 35–118 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550D42E87170B3FA98" box="[1097,1211,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-20@76.[154,1434,179,1779]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 46. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, E. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D. Pinnular part under SEM. F. A single terminal polyp under SEM. G. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, E, F); 500 μm (G); 100 μm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203538/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 46G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C550DCCE87170F1FA98" box="[1223,1273,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-17@77.[159,1429,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 47. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia ramificans Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in pinnules. C. Sclerites in coenenchyme. D. Sclerites in polyp body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, C and D in the same scale); 100 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203542/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">47C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBD9C5509CCE85576D9FA57" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C5509CCE85576D9FA57" blockId="75.[151,1437,721,1576]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C5509CCE85575F8FA7C" bold="true" box="[199,496,1405,1431]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The Kocebu Guyot in Magellan Seamounts,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C550AEFE8557030FA73" box="[996,1080,1405,1432]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.831" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1831.0">1831 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C550D4DE85570E2FA7C" author="Xu, Y. & Li, Y. & Zhan, Z. & Xu, K." box="[1094,1258,1405,1431]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="91 - 107" refId="ref39824" refString="Xu, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2019) Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean. Zookeys, 881, 91 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 881.34759" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C550D7BE85670AFFA7C" box="[1136,1191,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a seamount on the Caroline Ridge in the Western Pacific,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C550B7EE88976C5FA57" box="[629,717,1441,1468]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.047" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1047.0">1047 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBD9C5509CCE8ED7663F9CC" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C5509CCE8ED7663F9CC" blockId="75.[151,1437,721,1576]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C5509CCE8ED7533FA34" bold="true" box="[199,315,1477,1503]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The colony of the Caroline specimen has a single bottlebrush-shaped branching part and smaller polyps compared with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A8838FFBD9C5508B4E8C1762CF9E8" box="[447,548,1513,1539]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and these differences may be caused by different growth stage or environment, and we treat as the intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |