766 lines
84 KiB
XML
766 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3ab2700-b888-4721-b7c1-fcb2d0bb38b2" ID-PMC="PMC8233300" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1045-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" ID-PubMed="34228772" ID-ZooBank="2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1045-1" checkinTime="1624048151249" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2021" docId="FF7F93BC9EC80936914DF9E2CB86ECE3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1045: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1045" docPubDate="2021-06-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" docTitle="Peltochares Regimbart 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" masterDocTitle="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150528805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA & Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-06-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1045</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>236</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1045-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182959263" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF7F93BC9EC80936914DF9E2CB86ECE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF7F93BC9EC80936914DF9E2CB86ECE3" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Regimbart, 1907" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Peltochares
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
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, 1907
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Variation across Acidocerinae, dorsal and lateral views A Colossochares ellipticus B Peltochares sp. C Peltochares conspicuus D Aulonochares tubulus E Helochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Novochares sp. H Helopeltarium ferrugineum I Batochares sp. J Helobata larvalis K Radicitus sp. L Nanosaphes tricolor M Agraphydrus cf. attenuatus N Tobochares luteomargo O Tobochares sulcatus P Quadriops similaris Q Crucisternum ouboteri R Primocerus neutrum S Agraphydrus coomani T Agraphydrus sp. U Globulosis flavus V Crephelochares nitescens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Acidocerus, Agraphydrus, Aulonochares, Batochares, Chasmogenus, Colossochares, and Crephelochares." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557403" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11K</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 44</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Aedeagi of Peltochares spp. A P. conspicuus B P. foveicollis C P. sp. (Australia) D P. sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltochares</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1907: 49.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">Peltochares conspicuus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">Peltochares conspicuus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1907: 49; by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Stagnicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagnicola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stagnicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
Montrouzier, 1860: 246 [preoccupied name by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Stagnicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagnicola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stagnicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1840 (
|
||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
)]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Stagnicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagnicola foveicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="foveicollis">Stagnicola foveicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Stagnicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagnicola foveicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="foveicollis">Stagnicola foveicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Montrouzier, 1860: 246; by monotypy;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bedel, L" journalOrPublisher="Frey" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8232411" refId="B19" refString="Bedel, L, 1880. (Quelques modifications nouvelles a introduire dans la nomenclature des Hydrophilides). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 5(10): CXLVII-CXLVIII. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8232411" title="(Quelques modifications nouvelles a introduire dans la nomenclature des Hydrophilides). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 5 (10): CXLVII-CXLVIII." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8232411" year="1880">Bedel 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: CXLVIII [synonymy].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Neohydrobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neohydrobius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neohydrobius</taxonomicName>
|
||
Blackburn, 1898: 221.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Philhydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhydrus burrundiensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burrundiensis">Philhydrus burrundiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Philhydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhydrus burrundiensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burrundiensis">Philhydrus burrundiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Blackburn, 1890: 447; by monotypy;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B49" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1919b. Les genres Enochroides Kuw., Neohydrobius Blackb. et Hygrotrophus W. McLeay (Col. Palpicornia). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France (1919): 226-230." title="Les genres Enochroides Kuw., Neohydrobius Blackb. et Hygrotrophus W. McLeay (Col. Palpicornia). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France (1919): 226 - 230." year="1919 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
1919b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 228 [synonymy].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helochares</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Clade C" in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gender">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gender.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Masculine.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1907: 49; by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Body length 6-14 mm. Body shape oval in dorsal view, weakly to moderately convex in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surfaces even and smooth, either uniformly covered by short setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A</figureCitation>
|
||
), or with scarce long setae along particular areas of surface (associated with systematic punctures; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44D</figureCitation>
|
||
), dark brown in coloration, usually uniform; ground punctation fine and shallow to moderate; ventral surfaces densely covered by fine golden setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head subquadrate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes not emarginate, moderate in size, subquadrate, separated by 4.5-5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of eye, strongly projected from outline of head. Clypeus with anterior margin broadly emarginate, either roundly or acutely, sometimes further medially notched; membranous preclypeal area visible when clypeus strongly emarginated. Labrum fully exposed, often medially convex. Antennae with nine antennomeres, with moderately asymmetric and round cupule; antennomere 9 slightly to 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than antennomere 7. Maxillary palps slender, 1.3-1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than maximum width of head, with palpomere 4 nearly 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as palpomere 3; maxillary palpomere 2 with inner margin slightly and evenly curved, and outer margin curved along apical half (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mentum slightly depressed mesally, surface laterally punctate, mesally and anteriorly striate, with anteromedial region depressed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Submentum punctate to crenulate. Pronotum evenly convex, usually with systematic punctures forming distinct anterolateral semicircles. Elytra without sutural striae, with margins usually only slightly flared (explanate in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A</figureCitation>
|
||
); serial punctures usually absent (visible along entire length of elytra in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A</figureCitation>
|
||
); ground punctation usually shallow (moderate to strongly marked in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foveicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foveicollis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. foveicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Surface of prosternum flat to broadly convex, with anterior margin roundly projected anteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior elevation of mesoventrite usually with longitudinal or somewhat longitudinal elevation, sometimes forming acute posterior point; apical region of elevation usually with long fine setae; anapleural sutures forming obtuse angle, nearly parallel along anterior section, separated anteriorly by distance 0.3-0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite densely covered by hydrofuge pubescence, except for posterolateral patches (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protibiae with anterior row of spines reduced to extremely reduced (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C</figureCitation>
|
||
); apical spurs of protibiae stout, ranging from very large (larger spur considerably larger and thicker than tarsal claws, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foveicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foveicollis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. foveicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or very short (barely reaching apex of protarsomere 1, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); pro- and mesotarsal claws are sexually dimorphic in some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foveicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foveicollis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. foveicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Metafemora with tibial grooves sharply marked; metafemora with hydrofuge pubescence covering at least basal 3/4 of anterior surface (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metatarsomeres 5 and 2 similar in length or 2 slightly longer, metatarsomere 2 slightly longer than metatarsomeres 3 and 4 combined; all tarsomeres with ventral surface rather densely covered by long spiniform setae on ventral surface (sparser on tarsomere 5). Abdomen with five pubescent ventrites. Fifth abdominal ventrite with apex emarginate, fringed by stout setae. Aedeagus spiked (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Aedeagi of Peltochares spp. A P. conspicuus B P. foveicollis C P. sp. (Australia) D P. sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</figureCitation>
|
||
); main component of median lobe strongly sclerotized, slender, and apically acute, usually accompanied by additional shorter slender sclerotizations; apical region of parameres usually partly heavily sclerotized and partly membranous, often bifurcated; basal piece strongly reduced; gonopore usually not clearly visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 44" startId="F44">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 44.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Tanzania):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
lateral habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily recognized by its external morphology alone: laterally explanate pronotum and elytra, well defined serial punctures along elytra (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A</figureCitation>
|
||
), which somewhat resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helobata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helobata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIgure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="FIgure 33. Habitus of Helobata spp. A-C H. larvalis: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D H. quatipuru (from Clarkson and Almeida 2018) E H. amazonensis (from Clarkson and Almeida 2018) F H. pantaneira (from Clarkson et al. 2016). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557432" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33A</figureCitation>
|
||
), from which
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by the exposed labrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11K</figureCitation>
|
||
; concealed labrum in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helobata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helobata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The most common forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more closely resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of their darkly colored and highly polished dorsal habitus. Besides being distributed (although widespread) in the Old World,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be distinguished from the New World
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape of the posterior elevation of the mesoventrite (longitudinally elevated in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, simply and broadly bulging, often with additional anterior low longitudinal ridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in addition to characteristics of the male genitalia (spiked aedeagus in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Aedeagi of Peltochares spp. A P. conspicuus B P. foveicollis C P. sp. (Australia) D P. sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</figureCitation>
|
||
; divided aedeagus in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Aedeagi of Novochares spp. A N. sp. (Ecuador) B N. abbreviatus C N. pallipes D N. chaquensis E N. atratus F N. pichilingue G N. cf. tectiformis H N. cf. coya I N. cf. guadelupensis J N. cf. cochlearis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also explanation under the aedeagus section of Morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its taxonomic importance). From dark brown, highly polished, and relatively large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by their slender maxillary palps, that are 1.3-1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than the width of the head (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as opposed to shorter (0.6-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the head) and relatively stout maxillary palps in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Habitus of Helochares spp. A-C Helochares tristis: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F H. sharpi: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557434" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Habitus of Helochares spp. A-C H. laevis: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F H. sp. (India, Goa): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557435" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), in addition to the aedeagal form (spiked in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Aedeagi of Peltochares spp. A P. conspicuus B P. foveicollis C P. sp. (Australia) D P. sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</figureCitation>
|
||
; tubular in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Aedeagi A-H Helochares spp.: A H. sp. (Guinea) B H. tristis C H. nr. cresphontes D H. nr. tatei E H. sp. (India, Goa) F H. sp. (Vietnam) G H. politus H H. songi (from Jia and Tang 2018, fig. 48) I Helopeltarium ferrugineum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557436" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also explanation under the aedeagus section of Morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its taxonomic importance).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 45" startId="F45">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 45.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagi of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foveicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foveicollis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. foveicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Australia)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Afrotropical</emphasis>
|
||
: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Republic of South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Australasian</emphasis>
|
||
: Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia), Indonesia (Papua), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Indo-Malayan</emphasis>
|
||
: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Macao), Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palearctic</emphasis>
|
||
: Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel, Japan (Nansei Islands); Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Novochares, Peltochares, Primocerus, Quadriops, Radicitus, Sindolus, Tobochares, and Troglochares." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557405" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Even though species currently placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been treated in faunistic and taxonomic studies (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Watts, CHS" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 130" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46866161" refId="B288" refString="Watts, CHS, 1995. Revision of the Australasian genera Agraphydrus Regimbart, Chasmogenus Sharp and Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Records of the South Australian Museum 28: 113 - 130, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46866161" title="Revision of the Australasian genera Agraphydrus Regimbart, Chasmogenus Sharp and Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46866161" volume="28" year="1995">Watts 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Latissimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="10 - 16" refId="B156" refString="Hebauer, F, 2001b. The real Helochares taprobanicus Sharp 1890 and its allies (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Latissimus 14: 10 - 16" title="The real Helochares taprobanicus Sharp 1890 and its allies (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="14" year="2001 b">Hebauer 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), little is known about their ecology. Jia and Tang (2018) recently reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. atropiceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="atropiceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. atropiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
) was living in natural ponds with leaf litter or water grass, sometimes collected on wet ground with plenty of grass; it can be collected at light in May and June in South China and has never been collected from the edges of rivers and streams. The female carries the egg case under the abdominal ventrites (Jia and Tang 2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larvae">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larvae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Larval stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
, were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Afrique Noire" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1065 - 1114" refId="B24" refString="Bertrand, H, 1962. Contribution a l'etude des premiers etats des Coleopteres aquatiques de la region ethiopienne (4e note). Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Afrique Noire 24 (4): 1065 - 1114" title="Contribution a l'etude des premiers etats des Coleopteres aquatiques de la region ethiopienne (4 e note)." volume="24" year="1962">Bertrand (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from larvae collected along with adults on the surface of rocks in Madagascar.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B112" refString="Fikacek, M, 2003. Commented review of immature stages of World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bachelor Seminar Work, Charles University, Prague." title="Commented review of immature stages of World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bachelor Seminar Work, Charles University, Prague." year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fikáček">Fikacek</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provides a diagnosis of the larvae described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Afrique Noire" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1065 - 1114" refId="B24" refString="Bertrand, H, 1962. Contribution a l'etude des premiers etats des Coleopteres aquatiques de la region ethiopienne (4e note). Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Afrique Noire 24 (4): 1065 - 1114" title="Contribution a l'etude des premiers etats des Coleopteres aquatiques de la region ethiopienne (4 e note)." volume="24" year="1962">Bertrand (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but questions their identification, given that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been recorded from Madagascar. It seems most probable the description is of another species now placed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longipalpis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from Madagascar, but only future rearing or DNA sequencing of putative larvae will confirm this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="lectotype designation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype designation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We examined
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart’s">Regimbart's</normalizedToken>
|
||
syntype series for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuous" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuous">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares conspicuous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consisting of nine specimens, that are deposited in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
national
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
naturelle, Paris, France. We determined all nine to be conspecific. It includes two specimens labeled 'Cape
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopez’">Lopez'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, one of them labeled '
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rég.’">Reg.'</normalizedToken>
|
||
; five specimens labeled Rembo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Comi">N'Comi</normalizedToken>
|
||
Fernand Vaz, one of them missing prothorax and head, and another one is missing the left elytron; one specimen labeled Rembo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Comi">N'Comi</normalizedToken>
|
||
Fernand Vaz (Gabon), missing prothorax and head; and one specimen labeled
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Gabon’">'Gabon'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. All specimens, except the last one, are pinned; the specimen labeled
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Gabon’">'Gabon'</normalizedToken>
|
||
is glued by its abdomen in a small pinned card. To stabilize the identity of the type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we here designate as the Lectotype the specimen that bears the '
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rég.’">Reg.'</normalizedToken>
|
||
label, which even though is not completely clean, has all its appendages complete. The following red label has been attached: "LECTOTYPE/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltochares</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares conspicuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">Peltochares conspicuus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
/ des.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Short". The remaining eight specimens are designated as paralectotypes. One of the specimens missing its prothorax and head was dissected to reveal the male genitalia, which is illustrated in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Aedeagi of Peltochares spp. A P. conspicuus B P. foveicollis C P. sp. (Australia) D P. sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45A</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The circumscription of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as used here is changed from its original meaning.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a monotypic genus by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
in 1907, from specimens collected in Gabon of a very unusual species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which was a rather large, circular beetle with extremely explanate margins of the pronotum and elytra (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Habitus of Peltochares spp. A-C P. conspicuus: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F P. sp. (Tanzania): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). A morphologically similar species was much later described from Indonesia and Malaysia, although that species was placed in the nominal subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helochares</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hebauer, Hendrich & Balke" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares discus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discus">Helochares discus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hebauer, Hendrich & Balke). In their molecular phylogeny,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. discus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. discus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade C) with some other larger, darkly colored (but not explanate) Old World species that were also placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.), which showed that this clade was not closely related to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“true”">"true"</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but indeed represented an independent lineage. Examination of the male genitalia of one of the syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Pelotochares" lsidName="Pelotochares" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pelotochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and members of "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade C" in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revealed that they share a quite unique and similar configuration of the male genitalia (spiked genitalia, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Aedeagi of Peltochares spp. A P. conspicuus B P. foveicollis C P. sp. (Australia) D P. sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also the aedeagus section of Morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its taxonomic importance above), even though they do not share the same extremely explanate body form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Although the monophyly and morphological circumscription of "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade C" is strongly supported, the proper genus name to assign to his lineage is not straightforward, as there are several generic names that had been long synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that potentially come into play with the new circumscription of the genus. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Stagnicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagnicola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stagnicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Montrouzier, 1860 was based on what is now
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helochares</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares foevicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foevicollis">Helochares foevicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species which is a definitive member of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade C. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Stagnicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagnicola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stagnicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a preoccupied name and thus unavailable. More complicated is
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Neohydrobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neohydrobius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neohydrobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Blackburn, 1898 and its type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Philhydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhydrus burrundiensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burrundiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Philhydrus burrundiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Blackburn, which is now considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. foevicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foevicollis">H. (s. str.) foevicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Neohydrobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neohydrobius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neohydrobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although eight years older than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, had a very short shelf-life, as it was synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
just 21 years after it was proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B49" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1919b. Les genres Enochroides Kuw., Neohydrobius Blackb. et Hygrotrophus W. McLeay (Col. Palpicornia). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France (1919): 226-230." title="Les genres Enochroides Kuw., Neohydrobius Blackb. et Hygrotrophus W. McLeay (Col. Palpicornia). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France (1919): 226 - 230." year="1919 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1919b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and therefore has not been used in more than a century. Meanwhile,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been in continuous usage since 1907 and therefore we believe it is the best and most stable name to apply to this clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We had hoped to unilaterally maintain prevailing usage of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
over
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Neohydrobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neohydrobius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neohydrobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by invoking ICZN Article 23.9.1. However, not all the required criteria to apply this article appear to be met in this case. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Neohydrobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neohydrobius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neohydrobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to meet the first criterion (the senior synonym not being used as valid since 1899), we were only able to identify 19 works (by more than 10 authors) in the immediately preceding 50 years, but 25 works are required. Therefore, we will formally appeal to the commission for a ruling to maintain
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
over
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Neohydrobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neohydrobius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neohydrobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Accordingly, ICZN Article 82.1 states that prevailing usage is to be maintained until the ruling of the Commission is published and therefore, we use
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The group of species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.), hereby transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was first recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Latissimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="10 - 16" refId="B156" refString="Hebauer, F, 2001b. The real Helochares taprobanicus Sharp 1890 and its allies (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Latissimus 14: 10 - 16" title="The real Helochares taprobanicus Sharp 1890 and its allies (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="14" year="2001 b">Hebauer (2001b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a discrete unit in morphological terms within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are currently eight described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the following seven species that are transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. atropiceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="atropiceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. atropiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
) comb. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ciniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciniensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ciniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer, Hendrich & Balke) comb. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. discus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="discus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. discus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer, Hendrich & Balke) comb. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foveicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foveicollis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. foveicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Montrouzier) comb. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longipalpis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Murray) comb. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. papuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="papuensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. papuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer) comb. nov., and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. taprobanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sharp) comb. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares atropiceus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atropiceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares atropiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ciniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciniensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ciniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including a paratype),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. conspicuus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including syntypes),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foveicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foveicollis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. foveicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longipalpis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. taprobanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="selected references">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected references.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7931482" refId="B235" refString="Regimbart, M, 1907. Hydrophilides provenant du Voyage de M. L. Fea dans l'Afrique Occidentale. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova 3(3)[43]: 46-62. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7931482" title="Hydrophilides provenant du Voyage de M. L. Fea dans l'Afrique Occidentale. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova 3 (3) [43]: 46 - 62." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7931482" year="1907">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
|
||
1907
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 49: original description of the genus;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Latissimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="10 - 16" refId="B156" refString="Hebauer, F, 2001b. The real Helochares taprobanicus Sharp 1890 and its allies (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Latissimus 14: 10 - 16" title="The real Helochares taprobanicus Sharp 1890 and its allies (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="14" year="2001 b">Hebauer 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: taxonomic treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. taprobanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares taprobanicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and allied species; Jia and Tang 2018: faunistic review of Chinese species including a redescription and some biological notes on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. atropiceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="atropiceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. atropiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: phylogenetic placement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |