187 lines
17 KiB
XML
187 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.272.4406" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eed81610-d62a-415b-8def-20a7d76fbfd4" ID-PMC="PMC3677396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-272-29" ID-PubMed="23794802" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-272-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 272" ModsDocTitle="Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined" checkinTime="1451247614986" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ofwegen, Leen P. van, Benayahu, Yehuda & McFadden, Catherine S." docDate="2013" docId="EB4058BEBCC0A51E1C4B04EC8D2846C3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 272: 29-59" docOrigin="ZooKeys 272" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.272.4406" docTitle="Sinularia australiensis Ofwegen, Benayahu & McFadden, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="D736FFB7FFF1FFBDF266CC2C8054EF45" masterDocTitle="Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1668155412618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ofwegen, Leen P. van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McFadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>272</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>29</mods:start>
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<mods:end>59</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.272.4406</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.272.4406</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-272-29</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152041057" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0EC77D7-A9DF-49A6-8BC4-C93AC3AFE8AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB4058BEBCC0A51E1C4B04EC8D2846C3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0EC77D7-A9DF-49A6-8BC4-C93AC3AFE8AF" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="32">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia leptoclados" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptoclados">? Sinularia leptoclados</taxonomicName>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lüttschwager">Luettschwager</normalizedToken>
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, 1915: 3 (West Australia); Macfadyen: 37 (Great Barrier Reef Australia).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia leptoclados" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptoclados">Sinularia leptoclados</taxonomicName>
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; Ofwegen, 2008a: 131; McFadden et al.: 320 (Gulf of Carpentaria, West Australia).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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Holotype: NTM C14519, Australia, Northern Territory, Gulf of Carpentaria, West of Bremer island,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.094334">12°05.660'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="136.7959">136°47.754'E</geoCoordinate>
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, depth 1-3 m, coll. P. Alderslade & party, 17 December 2003. Paratypes: NTM C14492,C14520, C14521, same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">The holotype is 6 cm high and 9.5 cm wide, attached to a piece of rock (Fig. 1A). The middle part of the colony is devoid of lobes, possibly a colony in the process of colony fission. The primary lobes branch off once or twice, lobules knob- to finger-shaped, up to 4 mm wide and 1 cm long.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">The polyps have a collaret and eight points. Points with poorly developed clubs, up to 0.15 mm long (Fig. 2A). Collaret has bent spindles, up to 0.20 mm long (Fig. 2B). Tentacle sclerites were not present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">The surface layer of the lobules has leptoclados-type clubs, the smallest are 0.07 mm long, most are around 0.10 mm, but some even reach a length of 0.15 mm (Fig. 2C); in addition, longer wart clubs are present, up to 0.25 mm long (Fig. 2D). Furthermore, the surface layer of the lobules has spindles, up to 0.40 mm long, with simple tubercles (Fig. 2E).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">The sclerites of the surface layer of the base of the colony resemble those of the surface layer of the lobules but the clubs have wider handles and the spindles are wider (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">The interior of the colony has mostly unbranched spindles; a few have one or two side branches. In the lobules the spindles are up to 2.5 mm long (Fig. 4A), almost all having simple tubercles (Fig. 4B). In the base of the colony they are up to 3 mm long (Fig. 4C), with more complex tubercles (Fig. 4D).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., A holotype NTM C14519 B paratype NTM C14492 C paratype NTM C14520 D paratype NTM C14521. Scale at A also applies to B, scale at C also to D.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype NTM C14519. A point clubs B collaret spindles C leptoclados-type clubs of surface layer of lobule D wart clubs of surface layer of lobule E spindles of surface layer of lobule. Scale of 0.10 mm at E only applies to E.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype NTM C14519. Sclerites of the surface layer of the base of the colony Aleptoclados-type clubs B wart clubs
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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spindles. Scale of 0.10 mm at D only applies to D.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype NTM C14519. sclerites of the interior A spindles from the lobules B tuberculation of one of the lobule spindles C spindles from the base D tuberculation of one of the base spindles. Scale of 1 mm at C also applies to A.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="colour">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="33" start="start">Colour</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">The preserved specimen is brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Named after Australia, where the type was collected.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="intraspecific variation">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">NTM C14492 (Fig. 1B) and NTM C14521 (Fig. 1D) have stouter lobules, up to 1 cm wide.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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The species resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia leptoclados" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptoclados">Sinularia leptoclados</taxonomicName>
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regarding clubs and colony shape. It differs in having small surface lobule spindles with uniformly placed tubercles and many internal lobule spindles with simple tubercles. Other species resembling
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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are
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia acuta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acuta">Sinularia acuta</taxonomicName>
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Manuputty & Ofwegen, 2007, S. corpulentissima Manuputty & Ofwegen, 2007 and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia longula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longula">Sinularia longula</taxonomicName>
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Manuputty & Ofwegen, 2007, all three described from Ambon.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia acuta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acuta">Sinularia acuta</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia longula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longula">Sinularia longula</taxonomicName>
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have more slender spindles and wart clubs in the surface layer of the lobules (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Manuputty and Ofwegen 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: Figs 3, 19).
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia corpulentissima" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="corpulentissima">Sinularia corpulentissima</taxonomicName>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="34" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
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like
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia leptoclados" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptoclados">Sinularia leptoclados</taxonomicName>
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, differs in having many internal spindles with complex tubercles (Manuputty and Ofwegen: Fig. 7c). Moreover, in the current molecular study
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia corpulentissima" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="corpulentissima">Sinularia corpulentissima</taxonomicName>
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is assigned to a distinct subclade together with
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia maxima" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maxima">Sinularia maxima</taxonomicName>
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, while
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia acuta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acuta">Sinularia acuta</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia longula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longula">Sinularia longula</taxonomicName>
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fall into a separate well-supported subclade (Figs 16, 17).
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. does not belong to either of those subclades, but is close genetically to
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia leptoclados" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptoclados">Sinularia leptoclados</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia abrupta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abrupta">Sinularia abrupta</taxonomicName>
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. The latter species has clubs resembling those of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia leptoclados" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptoclados">Sinularia leptoclados</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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, but a totally different colony shape, with ridges instead of lobes with lobules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lüttschwager">Luettschwager</normalizedToken>
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(1915)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="MacFadyen, LMI" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports Great Barrier Reef Expedition" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" pagination="19 - 72" title="Alcyonaria (Stolonifera, Alcyonacea, Telestacea and Gorgonacea)." volume="5" year="1936">Macfadyen (1936)</bibRefCitation>
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had
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Sinularia</taxonomicName>
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material from Australia that could belong to
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia australiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">Sinularia australiensis</taxonomicName>
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, but re-examination of sclerites of these specimens is necessary to confirm this possibility
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |