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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1173-307" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1DDA48FF42C8543EA251CC46974791B3" ID-ZooBank="F615E079B1934B418C1D7E15EDAF954F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1173-307" checkinTime="1691473131249" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Jianshuang, Feng, Chengcheng, Yu, Hao &amp; Lin, Yucheng" docDate="2023" docId="D47A080EA3B454EA9FFE5DC9FC8B5F4B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1173: 307-338" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1173" docPubDate="2023-08-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123" docTitle="Sinoalaria cavernicola" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="1DDA48FF42C8543EA251CC46974791B3" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="1DDA48FF42C8543EA251CC46974791B3" masterDocTitle="A review of the spider genus Sinoalaria (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with the descriptions of four new species and two new combinations" masterLastPageNumber="338" masterPageNumber="307" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1691473131249" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="4E2BB53E74DE410306BCE2E27A3AF11F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="27F0C5FBC02B3B87203F07225C6B4DAC">
<mods:title id="B361C853F9F58E910770EDBF2C258E45">A review of the spider genus Sinoalaria (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with the descriptions of four new species and two new combinations</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="53CDF27BF4E577E13FE28464E260CC78" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2FBD190924632F869DD1CF4AAB1A2956">
<mods:roleTerm id="92D24C545A7951B46201897D03ADF176">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="109F5131A250F40E75BB2DC31AA8DFDE">Zhang, Jianshuang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB95EC53CA79645F208F51ACDBF00D0B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-3082</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5A33DDC4BB427F265CC54656F117CB83">School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4421D85226C04482E2A604D04330AFAC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="77E8B6D27969D24E1E0E863F388E44D4">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="40214C9DFB427D103084F757A9D3C224">Feng, Chengcheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1C567CF1CED9A52F2EE836D0E6DA9B06">Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="80162AD2AA83E93FBC9720FE2D985B66" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C9E35F42E77745FD7A6CD97B39ACD9F6">
<mods:roleTerm id="84EB22EE55687CFDBE683E6D915F3C08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5267F9F6C7C4371551C0E39E75531261">Yu, Hao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="56FA0EBC674B8B884966EB687CF08BDD" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-2425</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0604DDE39A1BBD0329E731CD79464E04">School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9C517C04BD914DC53261A85FF56A9800" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BA8E5BED3E8AA4787DCF33E8D07EB0AF">
<mods:roleTerm id="5765D251D5F05B96A514D6E1FADE44C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B03E7241D0A0FD68AF6A7626553C460A">Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F6F7C3E353065EF06A1D0F850D851192" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-0633</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3A12C5347A0F0459B3CACC0A9AEE1DEE">Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6C311AC51441F9B2E271F22BA7873802" type="email">linyucheng@scu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7EDED4CE6F1D530A2F275E38CB1A6036">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3BF133015E1E1748FD37D1A7F855AEAB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E818DFF131F1B148E5E11C31E2684118">
<mods:title id="C04EB302CFC1230CAD2BDBCC6EA01935">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1350262B79AE1F1FA76852F47AB8FF06">
<mods:date id="0F4C530E22D3DC6DA25D9EDFDDD3EE51">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5B6579215A62F136182C697D8F565310" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3BC8C4EDF2C5C1D64D7A0D6B4C315CBF">2023-08-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4E664EAB8ACE1887FF6E0430E833FCC4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E5960CB2085A4B64717A617AB680B855">1173</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="A52CC48DE4FDEE47FE1310221945529D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4DD3DBA5E68D6E4FC8C9803456477808">307</mods:start>
<mods:end id="91A746D47EB21D1FD362774942E6FFED">338</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="646CBE5495C5222B82E3BEDD37A40E02">
<mods:url id="78DAC9D7F6A780A494BA7E8C005D5954">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="83D62EC6EA60E0D89F612A3C2BB322AF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6D95C8E1D3A314117D3C0EBF3166F0AD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D001DBD5C3945A4A6B7FB1646489FBD6" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1173-307</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="00DB7A761264494D3A67697C8BDD518F" type="ZooBank">F615E079B1934B418C1D7E15EDAF954F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6D74B6AAFFA1D506A711D4E047C318B9" type="Pensoft-UUID">1DDA48FF42C8543EA251CC46974791B3</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D47A080EA3B454EA9FFE5DC9FC8B5F4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D47A080EA3B454EA9FFE5DC9FC8B5F4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D47A080EA3B454EA9FFE5DC9FC8B5F4B" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<subSubSection id="6CDDCF2DAC34B490CDF390554FEBDBBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CF5842DDF34B13425B47F5B4A2E9ED40" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicName id="39DDE6655602539F19824F4B921E99D9" ID-CoL="4XKK4" LSID="D47A080E-A3B4-54EA-9FFE-5DC9FC8B5F4B" authority="(Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sinoalaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoalaria cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp;
<normalizedToken id="6A26CDFD28D336132D1DAB2DFA51E357" originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
, 2014)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24493FF0204E72B63759384E6730E711" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="643E19F68D72D613690CF2EB235A3D75" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<figureCitation id="8AD9834601184EB5B36ECD7EB43465E6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palp of Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="83C074F4BDD805065A4F6470B132E914" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014), male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.20 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889266" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7FA8040AD6F0D407425A292CA311D288" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution records of the species from genus Sinoalaria." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889279" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">, 17</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA6E424E2B2993C1A5927E1DF2C73DB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6A961DD6B23CE8DF35E29C744F2BD9B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicName id="4C519B764B63D095BD6C3F71BE971424" authorityName="Lin, Li &amp; Jager" authorityYear="2014" class="Trematoda" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cavernicola">Alaria cavernicola</taxonomicName>
Lin, Li &amp;
<normalizedToken id="9599A1955DE9F963234676E1FBC03E8E" originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
, 2014: 77, figs 1A-H, 2A-E, 3A-G, 4A, B (♂♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="397B9877C3FCF66DEA37A88662A4531D" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicName id="CC9A6CD1741DE0809709C854A0B440BF" baseAuthorityName="Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sinoalaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoalaria cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">Sinoalaria cavernicola</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="A8AF9DBE0683D060BDB23BB37EF9DF61" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-9628.2014.01.009" author="Zhao, Q" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" pagination=": 41" refId="B10" refString="Zhao, Q, Li, S, 2014. Sinoalaria, a name to replace Alaria (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica 23 (1): 41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-9628.2014.01.009" title="Sinoalaria, a name to replace Alaria (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-9628.2014.01.009" volume="23" year="2014">Zhao and Li 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 41.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA2B00711F73FE30D3FDD1335B029FA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1D986FD558149467652516465204BFDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83F9FA88E097460ABF8CBBFBF35DEA94" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<materialsCitation id="9C37560F3951210B65E4036ACF1F12C7" collectingDate="2012-11-24" collectorName="Z. Yao, S. Li" country="Laos" county="Ban Kouanphavang" elevation="193" latitude="17.6319" location="Tham Kamouk Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.1243" municipality="Thakhek Town" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khammouane Province">
<specimenCount id="BD04C0552BB559AA14930C6601B23B09" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="D51ADF6BE37559690F03DBF35800F9DF" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="DEA7B08E1456F5F27A470F541D6E3548" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<collectingCountry id="F0D3B75426A03D5EF17E8F744EF47368" name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="06C33EF224859443DF5DD642644948EB">Ban Kouanphavang</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="08ABE2F588006E251DE03995CFA3B59F" country="Laos" name="Khammouan">Khammouane Province</collectingRegion>
:
<quantity id="F9C3831D56AA0F9BDD2AAF52A2645C43" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.002" unit="km" value="30.02">30.02 km</quantity>
northeast of
<collectingMunicipality id="882F5F99C3B17D1E654446A8A66F8809">Thakhek Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="E590B9F06F56A124D893C0DF20BEE48B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D47A080EA3B454EA9FFE5DC9FC8B5F4B:E590B9F06F56A124D893C0DF20BEE48B" country="Laos" county="Ban Kouanphavang" latitude="17.6319" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.1243" municipality="Thakhek Town" name="Tham Kamouk Cave" stateProvince="Khammouane Province">Tham Kamouk Cave</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="517DC7DBA8406619A5138B8FE402E2C7" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="37.914" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.6319">17°37.914'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="456B5C9AF942B5F496032E218DBFCBA6" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="07.458" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.1243">104°07.458'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B0852BCA604B0EAFA52B7730BD470658" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" unit="m" value="193.0">
<elevation id="8073693A0023670CEF5A49CC12C599DB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" unit="m" value="193.0">193 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="45436EE51C4134B7EF794362D590F227" value="2012-11-24">24.XI.2012</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="18F21119D7A9E6D5F88298C37C5F0F74">Z. Yao</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="192407423012709DD6699F0825E4415B">S. Li</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="61D0EE9851B9612D06533AE385A2971C" collectingDate="2013-12-01" collectingDateMax="2013-12-03" collectingDateMin="2013-12-01" collectorName="F. Ballarin" country="Thailand" county="Thung" elevation="12" latitude="7.0661" location="Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.8413" municipality="District" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Satun Province">
<specimenCount id="FFC5A35AD8DDA223E4155D09C92756B6" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="56CE836D473242F1AA7BCADC9BBCECDE" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="DD23C2310DD7F0D1FED0B8FB1768A13D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<collectingCountry id="3069ED2D6502C733DE68C0CBB39E26A1" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="C28F791B1A26422985A733BA091F3D82" country="Thailand" name="Satun">Satun Province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="6FB4A238835079368AC1F3768280F013">Thung</collectingCounty>
wa
<collectingMunicipality id="4B29EA86C238BC16FE227478E431A149">District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="553D0311A0F8642EA6D99AC172A032F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D47A080EA3B454EA9FFE5DC9FC8B5F4B:553D0311A0F8642EA6D99AC172A032F6" country="Thailand" county="Thung" latitude="7.0661" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.8413" municipality="District" name="Cave" stateProvince="Satun Province">Cave</location>
without name-cave A &amp; B,
<geoCoordinate id="58664B924C432A002B5BF7878798BEEE" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="03.966" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.0661">07°03.966'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4B51B51DB402EC41F81C9B474515C9B8" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="50.478" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.8413">99°50.478'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="713C91A4F8FBBB8B8022A0721110C9B0" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="12.0">
<elevation id="F18A6374ACC074CEC0CF4C04DBA68DF9" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="46EA42339A60CF396628ADFD0AE67EFD" value="2013-12-01" valueMax="2013-12-03" valueMin="2013-12-01">1-3.XII.2013</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="19EA291FCE269DE49E744214A4D56BE9">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="CDF3F9D64F9EFDF3F28C215907B86BFD" collectingDate="2013-11-29" collectorName="F. Ballarin" country="Thailand" county="Thung" elevation="25" latitude="7.1046" location="Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.7917" municipality="District" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="AA99DE74095C68CB21772FF9E63B2439" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="72E6E4A89E7172129A4B976CF78522D0" type="female">8♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="923A883A0FD77A1F53B338D31E4D3D58">Thung</collectingCounty>
wa
<collectingMunicipality id="974E8DB852D3A097B7E8087F8E60858B">District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="AE0FB28F0326E48B9A18DAEC206094E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D47A080EA3B454EA9FFE5DC9FC8B5F4B:AE0FB28F0326E48B9A18DAEC206094E6" country="Thailand" county="Thung" latitude="7.1046" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.7917" municipality="District" name="Cave">Cave</location>
without name,
<geoCoordinate id="6E9A916B6811712F35E50B716A8FA60B" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="06.276" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.1046">07°06.276'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0A845C2827FF41EE5DC775616EFB0658" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="47.502" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.7917">99°47.502'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="72258A84081FD9B12C940948DC5059DF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="25.0">
<elevation id="8121FE3A56816CE128EC0F4CDABAE278" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="B424386F9383E5259E570AB49573AFBD" value="2013-11-29">29.XI.2013</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="44887471EEF97BFA7675F87A6D3693B2">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E124D417BB31DBDB59C0D82E0095D645" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="48C153216E327C520A2D44841714392E" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE4ED16094EEE6715E780627BFBE8B0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
Males of
<taxonomicName id="60260BBA5FDE9C58255BD0AC0414D851" lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="FC532F1166F85A30B2BA5E23635ED9F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EE79E52354AA9F8049F86E6D506E6F5A" lsidName="S. chi" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chi">
<emphasis id="5685B27069089135628B26559D0DCB13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. share the following features: the proximal process of median apophysis with a blunt and serrated tip, and the distal process of median apophysis with a slightly furcated apex (Figs
<figureCitation id="B6CB6073055931F08EF24F0724F7EA1C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palp of Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E0A4114D9549B8192DC76B46BAFFBF59" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male palp of the holotype of Sinoalaria chi sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889269" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">7A</figureCitation>
) (proximal process not serrated, distal process not furcated in all other
<taxonomicName id="33782A1E59FAF69914BD7118BE1318B6" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sinoalaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoalaria" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56BFC417BECA3AE61C1F23F02D5D87E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Sinoalaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, including
<taxonomicName id="699E559848AD5279007D342990B596B8" lsidName="S. chengguanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chengguanensis">
<emphasis id="8F83096ABD9D6F4E3E77E47A8CEB6A70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chengguanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A95C7F780AB62DA01B76C8F76D0C7DE5" lsidName="S. navicularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="navicularis">
<emphasis id="D9332E840DB1522756BD92768CB9037C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. navicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figs
<figureCitation id="5EF8621EF2B2DFF7B0DF099CDCEC31A4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male palp of Sinoalaria chengguanensis (Zhao &amp; Li, 2012) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C embolic division, dorsal view D ventral view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; SCy = setae on cymbium; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889267" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6ECD31911CCAE610A59106118B1182A6" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp of Sinoalaria navicularis (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889271" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">9A</figureCitation>
), but can be differ from the latter by: (1) distal process of median apophysis long and narrow, slightly longer and distinctly narrower than base of median apophysis in
<taxonomicName id="DE6C03EC5DECC5E11522560A395A56EB" lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="459612A011895E9658490B266B80926B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(short and wide, slightly shorter and narrower than base of median apophysis in
<taxonomicName id="0E41381186D0B960B3449E75FFCC320B" lsidName="S. chi" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chi">
<emphasis id="2DA93A65C362699DB3F68373D27E051F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) (cf. Fig.
<figureCitation id="2614DD81E51A030B82C03FBF54E793B8" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palp of Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">3A</figureCitation>
and Fig.
<figureCitation id="CF0A99E99386712FD68557BE3B0A5A99" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male palp of the holotype of Sinoalaria chi sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889269" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">7A</figureCitation>
); (2) both rami on distal process of median apophysis distinct, are of equal length, the lower one with a relatively blunt tip in
<taxonomicName id="4D8EF03F14522FCBB3F0AF7BF5B8A887" lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="D5296B70D0A2E2437BFA20B1FB6339D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the lower ramus tooth-shaped, apex sharp, distinctly longer than the indistinct upper ramus in
<taxonomicName id="9233215ECE9B2623770D4ADFCA773278" lsidName="S. chi" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chi">
<emphasis id="A63F07CCA60DD4BB9C7989761D026EF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) (cf. Fig.
<figureCitation id="6E36957DEF84C0D7728FD4D54C67F069" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palp of Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">3A</figureCitation>
and Fig.
<figureCitation id="BEFDD4ED5BBAA9A46F0358697BE0E583" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male palp of the holotype of Sinoalaria chi sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889269" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">7A</figureCitation>
); (3) embolic base relatively larger, wider than 2/3 of tegulum length in
<taxonomicName id="E406C2332D5C25932139739C08AA9F5B" lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="6A1A5F7B815AD9B0D58C6B113EE3CD39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(relatively smaller, its width ca 1/2 of tegulum length in
<taxonomicName id="399D605FCF5128581C1EFB68D038C77C" lsidName="S. chi" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chi">
<emphasis id="2683D9922A57D3D72509F9700A747CBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) (cf. Fig.
<figureCitation id="2AEE77C9D0321C6C22E3A7E67D470B07" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palp of Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">3B</figureCitation>
and Fig.
<figureCitation id="94914AD194CEC717B0ABB71DE4621971" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male palp of the holotype of Sinoalaria chi sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889269" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">7B</figureCitation>
); (4) embolus relatively shorter, terminating at ca 10
<normalizedToken id="D536ACEC76DBD9611C3E463BA2349525" originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
position both in retrolateral and ventral view in
<taxonomicName id="3F0568F8043E818C316401A4DCFE0767" lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="9C93A43AB2114334C580C897DD4AA035" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(distinctly longer, terminating at ca 8
<normalizedToken id="8F4370E4709D0CC8640774F29C3DA8D3" originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
position in retrolateral view, terminating at ca 4
<normalizedToken id="A0F4D2591F4C6ED57792C7F09D20B177" originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
position in ventral view in
<taxonomicName id="AB73F1232C7B6C90A3192076A4C19A37" lsidName="S. chi" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chi">
<emphasis id="C4B3BCFA1A5B55EA9AF21EA71A3CA21C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) (cf. Fig.
<figureCitation id="77B06BB03BB3B031BEBA13DBF72D099D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palp of Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">3B, C</figureCitation>
and Fig.
<figureCitation id="B365DAE29E60178CD98806C7F6CE01E8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Male palp of the holotype of Sinoalaria chi sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889269" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">7B, C</figureCitation>
). Females of
<taxonomicName id="C0CE739242D4422B1E7BDB1419BD9F84" lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B547104687A150BC7D9D2F925B927ECF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="0F1B876D792C794D3F0F0AC2015B7461" lsidName="S. chi" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chi">
<emphasis id="9E07C46A877902CEA9610C3D357BC42A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by the epigynal plate with a long, completely membranous, rugose scape which distally with a pocket-like hood, and by the similar configurations of vulva (Figs
<figureCitation id="A024E43175F7A1CB8B5826EB7BD08ABE" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014), male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.20 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889266" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">4E-G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="17BA989899CE57D980AE963D3AA2B8D9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sinoalaria chi sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.20 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889270" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">8E-G</figureCitation>
), but they can be differentiated by the shapes and the courses of copulatory ducts: the ventral and anterior folds represented by two nearly globular bursae, the dorsal and posterior folds running horizontally, forming only one loop in
<taxonomicName id="FFB27B9F10D1294B850AD0BC1FE77261" lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="AD4D28A503906C07FE92E02C540E04E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="C08A6A1E5DD4D728D98792FCC07AFAF1" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014), male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.20 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889266" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">4G</figureCitation>
); in contrast, the ventral and anterior folds represented by two oblong bursae, the dorsal and posterior folds represented by a longitudinal loop and a horizontal loop in
<taxonomicName id="AB3FF9E54A345A226A94C02104CB4F51" lsidName="S. chi" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" rank="species" species="chi">
<emphasis id="9E7013E9157532F59DE4713F8D672074" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">S. chi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2F80BF2DB9EA903F8E25E30F53E681F4" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sinoalaria chi sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.20 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889270" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">8G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="30146FA70619309E79560375CA9EB2F3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="AA85B1212B029F8E476645956608805E" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="5C095DBF438DC4465B83E28FF136250E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Male palp of
<taxonomicName id="6B8FC7E3428946EEBE95D8676E111FE2" baseAuthorityName="Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sinoalaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoalaria cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="CCC8EDF7077A1A7C855BFB79D68E913A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Sinoalaria cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lin, Li &amp;
<normalizedToken id="DF3B8B0C3DE42C60F3B12C3FC9B5EE7B" originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
, 2014)
<emphasis id="1C25CB5E8D6F27E24BB924770AEC6A69" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">A</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis id="A3C3D921C4DC8353DD4161388DB43663" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">B</emphasis>
retrolateral view
<emphasis id="E26CA8BEA9F18A25BF364411F0F16D66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">C</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="F998AC9977541906C7BFC36ED6506363" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">D</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57F9515A77248DB577F8D1FEA3BE7120" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889266" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="AA92C9E76955283AE5E095AC8ACCC143" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="1FABC729F31089180B1D8D13C1A0A565" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="24564967F42B8294E5AC366C9B14A7F6" baseAuthorityName="Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Sinoalaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoalaria cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="27B990D8A5951B9E5E884C094DFCAE17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Sinoalaria cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lin, Li &amp;
<normalizedToken id="961C8BDBDE7F5C9B98BA4663603E45AA" originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
, 2014), male habitus (
<emphasis id="323E132369D6DB065AB77E10F673A51F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">A, B</emphasis>
), female habitus (
<emphasis id="EA2CD5E694A533FBE7FCA8B9A79926F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">C, D</emphasis>
) and epigyne (
<emphasis id="C68A7A603971BA8F6600EC7819C28B54" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">E-G</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="EF3000AA83BA1450A4492AA8373C3C9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="19FF6C2495B4AAAF16FBAA9DE1D92DA7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">B</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="836D7F7F365FAF23BF7CFD4BB40025C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">C</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="778DFA2B30728308A8D2F811CF2FB98A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">D</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="39F476302F8E9C2A02D875E7A2E8674D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">E</emphasis>
intact, ventral view
<emphasis id="BE1A07ED5E6E6B257E727468208D3CB5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">F</emphasis>
cleared, ventral view
<emphasis id="6D3ACB45E61D7D1CCC70908A419424C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">G</emphasis>
cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (
<emphasis id="29BA9C35B3570E6707C9DCF11F1C7C9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">A-D</emphasis>
); 0.20 mm (
<emphasis id="DBA952E594A5883F63538A331AD7D679" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">E-G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14DBFD97D8DCEF7EAA30DF86C2C0E1BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="C6A5BD2113011F05017D90982A20481D" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="965D1AC88DD0C461E11593936BCDEF7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
See
<bibRefCitation id="18FEE8A2465879A7686C3899EAB57879" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B5" refString="Lin, Y, Li, S, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
. Male palp as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="21A9FFE3FA6603CB0BCA6A2BAF0E0224" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palp of Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014) A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; Cy = cymbium; EB = embolic base; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889265" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">3</figureCitation>
, epigyne as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="59E07AB7F4C6B0C11575AC4DEFC83378" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014), male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.20 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889266" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">4E-G</figureCitation>
, and habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="8DB15987C67E0D3F9D92A655711E4B39" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoalaria cavernicola (Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014), male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; DPF = dorsal and posterior fold of copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermatheca; VAF = ventral and anterior fold of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.20 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889266" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">4A-D</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="712FDDCD0993ADF86AC5C1BEE2577F77" pageId="0" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="27ED46E09F04948BA4DFAE6ECE1A45EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825E074896FCCCA1621D6B3E01E836D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">
Laos and Thailand (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B848FB92176B39D4DEC7C7B88A9F1C1B" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution records of the species from genus Sinoalaria." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.105123.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/889279" pageId="0" pageNumber="307">17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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