139 lines
26 KiB
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139 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="EF0EF7D8A6036677295065630DB809F8" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFD5FFE9BE8BFE82FE98FF69" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus camacan Pimenta, Cruz & Silvano 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B104D5FD3314A93479559EAEC78CC951">
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<mods:title id="3D4B401799FE6A8E1F32DA36F18F6423">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6274525B7CCA5DE7705140F6687FFDF1">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BF697944B7BDC856F96551E2F50DDBF">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BEEBE24791B3849359941988AC4370E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="724F9AD637B71ED05C181B483FF0FF6D">
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<mods:date id="0830E94B33EBEF865D44021774C2F12C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2E629C969DBACAFB5E4EC680ED220219">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="91A8290B926E40D7E6159B6D97BD543E">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="59D5ED1C3A196EB493832C4519F6A5BB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFD5FFE9BE8BFE82FE98FF69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583576" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583576" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFD5FFE9BE8BFE82FE98FF69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFD5FFE9BE8BFE82FE98FF69" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFD5FFE8BE8BFE82FB07FE3D" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFD5FFE8BE8BFE82FCC7FED1" blockId="36.[151,823,297,324]" box="[151,823,297,324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFD5FFE8BE8BFE82FCC7FED1" bold="true" box="[151,823,297,324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFD5FFE8BE8BFE82FCC7FED1" authority="Pimenta, Cruz & Silvano, 2005" authorityName="Pimenta, Cruz & Silvano" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,823,297,324]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camacan">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BE8BFE82FCC7FED1" bold="true" box="[151,823,297,324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BE8BFE82FE5BFED1" bold="true" box="[151,427,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Physalaemus camacan</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="380D2AA7FFD5FFE8BFAFFE82FCC7FED1" author="Pimenta, B. V. S. & Cruz, C. A. G. & Silvano, D. L." box="[435,823,297,323]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="201 - 210" refId="ref76968" refString="Pimenta, B. V. S., Cruz, C. A. G. & Silvano, D. L. (2005) A new species of the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, 201 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1568538054253483" type="journal article" year="2005">Pimenta, Cruz & Silvano, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFD5FFE8BE8BFEDAFB07FE3D" blockId="36.[151,1436,369,431]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFD5FFE8BF80FEDAFE3CFE19" box="[412,460,369,395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call has a single harmonic note with a slight PAM. It is spectrally polymorphic with clear harmonics, sidebands, and deterministic-chaos regime.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="08E307DEFFD5FFE8BE8BFBDCFB03FB4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" targetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" targetPageId="36">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFD5FFE8BE8BFBDCFB03FB4A" blockId="36.[151,1437,1143,1240]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BE8BFBDCFEE3FB02" bold="true" box="[151,275,1143,1168]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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Call A of
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFD5FFE8BF62FBD3FD95FB02" authorityName="Pimenta, Cruz & Silvano" authorityYear="2005" box="[382,613,1144,1168]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camacan">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BF62FBD3FD95FB02" box="[382,613,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Physalaemus camacan</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFD5FFE9BEDBFAADFE98FF69" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFD5FFE9BEDBFAADFE98FF69" blockId="36.[151,1437,1286,2033]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BEDBFAADFDDBFAB3" bold="true" box="[199,555,1286,1313]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BF3EFAADFE96FAB3" box="[290,358,1286,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A–D and 4E–F).
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</emphasis>
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We examined two recordings, a total of five minutes, with
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BAD3FAACFB19FAB2" box="[1231,1257,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ca</emphasis>
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. 130 calls from two males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFD5FFE8BD01FA81FC83FAD7" box="[797,883,1322,1349]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 0.676 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFD5FFE8BB0DFA80FA95FAD7" box="[1297,1381,1323,1349]" degrees="0.980" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="-0.98">0.980 s</geoCoordinate>
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. The call rise is gradual and longer than the call fall, which is more abrupt. There is a long sustain in the call. Usually the amplitude of the call is regular throughout the call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BCD2FAD9FCD7FA1F" box="[718,807,1394,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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). However, in some calls, the amplitude increases gradually toward the amplitude peak at the end of the call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BCE7FA3DFCA4FA23" box="[763,852,1430,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). The amplitude peak is at around four fifths of the call duration. Depending on the slope of the sustain and the difference between the amplitude peaks the envelope of the call can vary from rectangular (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BC3DFA75FD89FA6B" box="[545,633,1502,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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) to triangular (pointed left;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BDAEFA75FBF9FA6B" box="[946,1033,1502,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 38 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. The call has a slight PAM (with no silence interval between peaks;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BFBBF98DFDD1F9D3" box="[423,545,1574,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9A, C</figureCitation>
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). The rate of the PAM is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BD27F98CFCADF9D2" box="[827,861,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ca.</emphasis>
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13 Hz, forming
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BA0BF98CFBC9F9D2" box="[1047,1081,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ca.</emphasis>
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10 amplitude peaks throughout the call. The calls can have two different spectral patterns (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BD35F9E1FC6DF9F7" box="[809,925,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1644,1669]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,189,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[191,1397,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of seven Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of: P. nattereri (A), P. maculiventris (B), P. erythros (C), P. rupestris (D), P. camacan (E; F), P. obtectus (G), P. irroratus (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period w of the measured oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see P. irroratus; H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613004/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
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). The bands of one of these patterns (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BB22F9E1FA64F9F7" box="[1342,1428,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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) are multiple of each other and were considered harmonics. The fundamental frequency of this series is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BB3DF9C4FAB3F91A" box="[1313,1347,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ca.</emphasis>
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400 Hz (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BEBCF939FF09F93F" box="[160,249,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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). In the other spectral pattern (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BC49F939FD40F93F" box="[597,688,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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), there is a series of bands with fundamental frequency of
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BB55F938FA9AF93E" box="[1353,1386,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
100 Hz, which varies continuously and the bands are not integral multiple of each other. The bands of this 100 Hz series seem to be sidebands (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BF89F970FE48F966" box="[405,440,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, 100 Hz wave as the modulating signal) with the 410 Hz series as the carrier signal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BB73F971FF4DF88B" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In most calls, the sidebands are the only bands noticeable. In these calls, the bands are not very clear since there is considerably deterministic chaos (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BC31F889FD75F8AF" box="[557,645,1826,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
) due to the irregularity of the wave periods of the 100 Hz signal. In the calls where the 400 Hz series are evident, the harmonics are clear due to the higher fundamental frequency and the more regularity (periodicity) of the wave periods. The dominant frequency varies from
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFD5FFE8BA6AF8C0FB60F816" box="[1142,1168,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="28227196FFD5FFE8BABCF8C0FAC6F816" box="[1184,1334,1898,1925]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1380" valueMax="1660">1380 to 1660</date>
|
||
Hz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD5FFE8BB73F8C1FF4CF83B" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Considering the 400 Hz series, the dominant harmonic varies from the second to the sixth, but it is usually the fourth. There is no clear shift in the relative energy between the bands throughout the call. Most of the call energy is between
|
||
<date id="28227196FFD5FFE8BF0BF87CFE4DF863" box="[279,445,2006,2033]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1100" valueMax="1800">1100 and 1800</date>
|
||
Hz. This bandwidth corresponds to two harmonics of the 400-Hz series. The frequency bands have a general upward FM throughout the call with a short downward FM at the end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD4FFE9BA96FF32FB11FF21" box="[1162,1249,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a PFM in the parts of the call where the bands are clear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD4FFE9BCA3FF16FCE8FF45" box="[703,792,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This PFM is synchronic and directly proportional to the PAM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFD4FFE9BEFDFF4AFEAAFF69" box="[225,346,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1143,1168]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,460,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,453,1119]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Call A of Physalaemus camacan. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A single typical call with emphasized harmonics (A and B). A variant call (C and D). A single noisy call with high level of deterministic chaos (C and D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B); 31.0 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613014/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |