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<mods:title id="BE6B75A29EC8B5F59052EFF5DB02AE19">On the taxonomy of Lygosoma bampfyldei Bartlett, 1895 (Squamata: Scincidae) with descriptions of new species from Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia and the resurrection of Lygosoma schneideri Werner, 1900</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FE9AFE01FE97" bold="true" box="[151,424,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="223D36C5D916FF858682FEFDFE03FEB5" blockId="10.[151,525,298,394]" box="[151,426,333,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Peninsular Supple Skink</paragraph>
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,
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D916FF8586E4FEC1FEA8FE59" box="[241,257,369,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1095,1117]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,210,1047]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1073]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Right lateral view of the heads of A, the syntype of Lygosoma bampfyldei (BMNH 1946.8.10.84) from the Rejan River, Sarawak, East Malaysia; B, the holotype of L. kinabatanganensis sp. nov. (FMNH 76226) from the Kinabatangan District, Deramakot camp (Deramakot Sabah Forestry Department), Sabah, East Malaysia; C, L. peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia; and D, L. scheideri (BM 4743) from Djpura, Indragiri, Sumatra, Indonesia. Photos by LLG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298214/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D916FF858718FEC1FEB2FE59" box="[269,283,369,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1609,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,733,1588]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head of the holotype of Lygosoma peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia showing the opaque nature of the snout scales common to many species semi-fossorial and fossorial skinks and dibamids. Photo by ESHQ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298216/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">6</figureCitation>
&amp;
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<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FE0AFEDAFE1C" box="[151,371,441,463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Lygosoma Bampfyldii</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FE69FED9FE3D" box="[151,368,472,494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Lygosoma bampfyldii</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FE48FEDCFDDF" box="[151,373,502,525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Lygosoma bampfyldei</emphasis>
de Rooji, 1915:263
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Welch
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF8585B1FE48FC74FDDF" box="[932,989,502,525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">et al.,</emphasis>
1990
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<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FD85FEE3FD99" box="[151,330,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Riopa bampfyldei</emphasis>
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(in part);
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<bibRefCitation id="46134B34D916FF8585AFFD84FB3BFD99" box="[954,1170,564,586]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" refId="ref7710" refString="Chan-ard, T., Grossman, W., Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schultz, K. - D. (1999) Amphibians and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. Bushmaster Publications, Wuerselen, 240 pp." type="book">
Chan-ard
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF85820BFD85FBFEFD99" box="[1054,1111,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">et al.,</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
:27
</treatmentCitation>
(in part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223D36C5D916FF858682FDE3FDE9FDBA" blockId="10.[151,1436,441,647]" box="[151,576,595,617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="029211EBD916FF858682FDE3FDE9FDBA" box="[151,576,595,617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D916FF858682FDE3FDE9FDBA" authority="Mittleman, 1952: 22" authorityName="Mittleman" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,576,595,617]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Mochlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyledei">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FDE3FED9FDBA" box="[151,368,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Mochlus bampfyledei</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="A32310D4D916FF858763FDE3FDE9FDBA" author="" box="[374,576,595,617]" page="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<bibRefCitation id="46134B34D916FF858763FDE3FD88FDBA" box="[374,545,595,617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" refId="ref9141" refString="Mittleman, M. B. (1952) A generic synopsis of the lizards of the subfamily Lygosominae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 117, 1 - 35." type="journal article">Mittleman, 1952</bibRefCitation>
:22
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223D36C5D916FF858682FDC2FDD3FD54" blockId="10.[151,1436,441,647]" box="[151,634,625,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="029211EBD916FF858682FDC2FDD3FD54" box="[151,634,625,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D916FF858682FDC2FDD3FD54" authority="Denzer &amp; Manthey, 1991: 317" authorityName="Denzer &amp; Manthey" authorityPageNumber="317" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,634,625,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Riopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldii">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FDC2FEEFFD54" box="[151,326,625,647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Riopa bampfyldii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="A32310D4D916FF858759FDC2FDD3FD54" author="" box="[332,634,625,647]" page="317" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<bibRefCitation id="46134B34D916FF858759FDC2FDE7FD54" box="[332,590,625,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" refId="ref8050" refString="Denzer, W. &amp; Manthey, U. (1991) A nominal checklist of the lizards inhabiting Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39, 309 - 322." type="journal article">Denzer &amp; Manthey, 1991</bibRefCitation>
:317
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A98654ED916FF858682FD04FB87FD23" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D916FF858682FD04FB87FD23" blockId="10.[151,1437,692,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<materialsCitation id="92EA3C98D916FF858682FD04FB87FD23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1851457009" collectingDate="2016-08-30" collectionCode="LSUHC" collectorName="Adult &amp; Zaharil Dzulkafly" country="Malaysia" elevation="440" latitude="5.741945" location="Jeli" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="101.96083" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" specimenCode="LSUHC 13857" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kelantan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF858682FD04FEADFD1F" bold="true" box="[151,260,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<typeStatus id="FD398867D916FF858682FD04FEADFD1F" box="[151,260,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<collectorName id="8F775313D916FF858701FD04FEFDFD1E" box="[276,340,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Adult</collectorName>
male (
<specimenCode id="72249EBED916FF8587B1FD04FDFAFD1E" box="[420,595,692,717]" collectionCode="LSUHC" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gc15-4qsc" name="La Sierra University, Herpetological Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">LSUHC 13857</specimenCode>
) collected by
<collectorName id="8F775313D916FF8584EDFD04FC6BFD1E" box="[760,962,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Zaharil Dzulkafly</collectorName>
on
<date id="563C1005D916FF8585E4FD04FB01FD1E" box="[1009,1192,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" value="2016-08-30">
<collectingDate id="4678E9EDD916FF8585E4FD04FB01FD1E" box="[1009,1192,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" value="2016-08-30">30 August 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
<quantity id="E57A9B20D916FF8582A4FD04FAB9FD1E" box="[1201,1296,692,717]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" unit="km" value="13.5">13.5 km</quantity>
east of
<location id="275D601ED916FF85837BFD04FA3EFD1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA2B87D3D916FF828682FE9AFEA4FDCB:275D601ED916FF85837BFD04FA3EFD1E" box="[1390,1431,692,717]" country="Malaysia" latitude="5.741945" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="101.96083" name="Jeli" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" stateProvince="Kelantan">Jeli</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="E046F827D916FF858682FD68FF56FD22" box="[151,255,728,753]" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="5A957655D916FF858792FD68FE47FD22" box="[391,494,728,753]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="47B65002D916FF8587EBFD68FD38FD23" box="[510,657,728,753]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" precision="15" value="5.741945">5° 44 31” N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="47B65002D916FF858488FD68FCE0FD23" box="[669,841,728,753]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" precision="15" value="101.96083">101° 57 39” E</geoCoordinate>
; about
<quantity id="E57A9B20D916FF85858FFD68FC48FD23" box="[922,993,728,752]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" unit="m" value="440.0">
<elevation id="A9AFD1F6D916FF85858FFD68FC48FD23" box="[922,993,728,752]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
ASL).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A98654ED916FF8586D2FD4BFBE9FB17" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D916FF8586D2FD4BFBE9FB17" blockId="10.[151,1437,692,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF8586D2FD4BFE93FCC7" bold="true" box="[199,314,763,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D916FF85875BFD4DFDF9FCC6" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[334,592,764,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF85875BFD4DFDF9FCC6" box="[334,592,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD916FF858448FD4DFD13FCC7" box="[605,698,765,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be differentiated from all other
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D916FF85826DFD4DFB42FCC7" authorityName="Bampfyldii Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[1144,1259,765,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF85826DFD4DFB42FCC7" box="[1144,1259,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Lygosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the combination of a relatively large (SVL =
<quantity id="E57A9B20D916FF858472FC90FD6DFCEB" box="[615,708,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="119.0">119 mm</quantity>
) slender body (PEC/SVL = 0.120.13); seven supralabials; eight infralabials; midline contact of the supranasals; prefrontals not in contact; frontoparietal contacting three supraoculars; postinterparietal absent; seven superciliaries; two or three postsuboculars, the first being small; one primary and three secondary and tertiary temporals; three nuchal scales; a shallow postnasal groove extending from the nasal scale to below the anterior portion of the eye and lying below the anterior loreals and lower preocular and above the second and third supralabials; scaly lower eyelid, no window; 41 midbody scale rows; 87 paravertebral scale rows; 99 ventral scale rows; 29 caudal scale rows at the tenth subcaudal; seven large precloacal scales; strongly keeled subdigital finger lamellae, 11 lamellae on third finger; enlarged, fringe-like, keeled subdigital toe lamellae, 16 lamellae on fourth toe; raised, rectangular, large palmar scales numbering five across the base of the palm; head pattern consisting of a dark, broken frontal band and a continuous occipital band separated by a diffuse yellowish band; dark occipital band confluent with dark color of dorsum and tail; sides of tail bright red-orange. These characters are scored across all species in the
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D916FF8584F5FB1DFCD2FB16" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" box="[736,891,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Riopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldei">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF8584F5FB1DFCD2FB16" box="[736,891,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">L. bampfyldei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in
<tableCitation id="6F00037ED916FF8585F3FB1CFB95FB17" box="[998,1084,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[147,226,490,511]" captionText="TABLE 2. Stanđarđ đescriptive anđ điagnostic (shađeđ) characters among đifferent combinations of species of the Lygosoma bampfyldei group. All measurements are in millimeters. / = đata unobtainable. Abbreviations are listeđ in the Materials anđ methođs." pageId="10" pageNumber="538">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A98654ED916FF8486D2FB7FFCA7FD7B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" type="description">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D916FF8586D2FB7FFDE9F86A" blockId="10.[151,1437,692,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D916FF8586D2FB7FFE48FB3B" bold="true" box="[199,481,1231,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
Description of
<typeStatus id="FD398867D916FF85876FFB60FE48FB3B" box="[378,481,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Adult male, SVL
<quantity id="E57A9B20D916FF8584ABFB60FCB7FB3B" box="[702,798,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="119.0">119 mm</quantity>
; tail length
<quantity id="E57A9B20D916FF8585BDFB60FBA0FB3B" box="[936,1033,1232,1257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
; axilla-groin length
<quantity id="E57A9B20D916FF8582E4FB60FAF3FB3B" box="[1265,1370,1232,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.609999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="66.1">66.1 mm</quantity>
; head length 18.0 mm; rostral wider than long, in broad contact with supranasals; supranasals in broad contact medially and with frontonasal posteriorly; frontonasal wider than long; prefrontals relatively small, widely separated on midline; frontal elongate, widest anteriorly, in contact with first two supraoculars; five supraoculars, fifth smallest; frontoparietals in broad contact posterior to frontal, contacting second, third, and fourth supraoculars anterolaterally and parietals and interparietal posteriorly; frontoparietals non-overlapping; interparietal diamondshaped, large, slightly projecting posteriorly, eyespot in posterior projection; postinterparietal absent; parietals large, in medial contact posterior to interparietal, contacting fourth and fifth supraoculars anteriorly; one primary temporal; two secondary temporals; three tertiary temporals; three elongate nuchal scales between upper secondary temporals; nasals small, widely separated, trapezoidal, contacting rostral anteriorly, supranasal dorsally, anterior loreal posteriorly, first supralabial ventrally; nostril in center of nasal; anterior loreal taller than wide; posterior loreal wider than tall; upper and lower preoculars present; one presubocular; shallow preorbital groove separating lower preocular and loreals from supralabials two, three, and four; seven superciliaries, posterior superciliary elongate and projecting dorsomedially, bordered medially by fifth supraocular, posteriorly by postocular; three postsuboculars, first largest, in contact with fifth and sixth supralabials; seven supralabials, fourth, fifth, and sixth below eye; fifth supralabial large, in broad contact with eye; two postsupralabials; lower eyelid transparent, scaly, no enlarged central window; mental twice as wide as long; single, large postmental contacting first and second infralabials; two enlarged pairs of chinshields posterior to postmental, anterior pair contacting medially, contacting second and third infralabials; posterior pair of chinshields separated by a single scale, not contacting infralabials; eight infralabials; external ear opening narrow, vertical oval, approximately same diameter as eyeball, bearing three anterior lobules; and tympanum deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223D36C5D916FF8486D2F874FA98FE7E" blockId="10.[151,1437,692,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="10" pageNumber="538">
Body slender (PEC/SVL = 0.13; PEL/SVL = 0.11); dorsal scales smooth, cycloid, imbricate; ventral scales smooth, same size dorsal scales; 41 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; 87 paravertebral scale rows; 99 ventral scale rows; seven enlarged precloacal scales; tail thick, round in cross-section, original; subcaudals same size as dorsal caudals; limbs, robust, short (FL/SVL = 0.21; HDL/SVL = 0.32), widely separated when adpressed; scales of dorsal surfaces slightly wider than those of ventral surfaces; palmar scales large, raised, sloped anteriorly with transversely oriented ridges; plantar scales large, raised, subtuberculate (
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D917FF848209FE97FBCAFE93" box="[1052,1123,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,591,1821]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. A and B—precloacal regions of (A) the holotype of Lygosoma peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia and (B) the holotype of L. kinabatanganensis sp. nov. from the Kinabatangan District, Deramakot camp (Deramakot Sabah Forestry Department), Sabah, East Malaysia showing the enlarged precloacal scales of the former and the homogenous precloacal scales of the latter. C and D—palmar regions of (C) the holotype of L. peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) and (D) the holotype of L. kinabatanganensis sp. nov. (FMNH 76226) showing the enlarged palmer scales (especially at the base) of the former and the homogenous palmar scales of the latter. Photos by LLG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298220/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); all digits short, scales of dorsal surfaces in a single row; 11R,L subdigital lamellae on third finger; 16R,L subdigital lamellae on fourth toe; keels of subdigital lamellae of toes two, three and four sharp, raised to form a crenulated fringe, crenulations greatest on toes three and four (
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D917FF8487EDFE24FD94FE7F" box="[504,573,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[208,1350,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[208,1350,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. A. Subdigital toe lamellae of the holotype of Lygosoma peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia showing its enlarged, crenulated, fringe-like morphology. B. Subdigital toe lamellae of the holotype of L. kinabatanganensis sp. nov. (FMNH 76226) from the Kinabatangan District, Deramakot camp (Deramakot Sabah Forestry Department), Sabah, East Malaysia showing its weak to moderate keeling. Photos by LLG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298222/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); and subdigital lamellae of fingers strongly keeled, slightly raised.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223D36C5D917FF8486D2FE07FCA7FD7B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF8486D2FE07FD9DFE03" bold="true" box="[199,564,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
Coloration in life (
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D917FF8487B0FE07FE5CFE03" box="[421,501,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1609,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,733,1588]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head of the holotype of Lygosoma peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia showing the opaque nature of the snout scales common to many species semi-fossorial and fossorial skinks and dibamids. Photo by ESHQ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298216/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D917FF848408FE07FD85FE03" box="[541,556,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1340,1362]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1319]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,181,1319]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dorsal and ventral view of the holotype of Lygosoma peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298218/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Top of head orangish, rostrum yellowish, sides of head yellow; dark frontal band reduced to eye patches that extend ventrally from supraorbital region to upper labial region, eyepatches not in medial contact; dark-brown occipital band extends across occiput from ear opening to ear opening and is confluent with the dark-brown dorsal region of the body and tail; neck and sides of body yellow bearing scales outlined in dark-brown producing a net-like appearance; top of forelimbs dark-brown; top of hind limbs dark-brown to orangish; sides of tail brilliant red-orange; underside of head limbs and body yellow; undersides of hands, feet, and digits dark-brown to black; and underside of tail orange.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="76FD664DD917FF848682F9F9FDB5F94E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298216/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" startId="11.[151,250,1609,1631]" targetBox="[151,1436,733,1588]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D917FF848682F9F9FDB5F94E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1609,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF848682F9F9FEBCF98D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1609,1631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Head of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D917FF848437F9FAFCA0F98C" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[546,777,1609,1631]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF848437F9FAFCA0F98C" box="[546,777,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD917FF848507F9FAFCCAF98C" box="[786,867,1610,1631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia showing the opaque nature of the snout scales common to many species semi-fossorial and fossorial skinks and dibamids. Photo by ESHQ.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6A98654ED917FF8486D2F974FBFCF8BE" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D917FF8486D2F974FBFCF8BE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1732,2009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF8486D2F974FE92F90F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1732,1756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46134B34D917FF848752F974FDECF90E" box="[327,581,1732,1757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" refId="ref7615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from Larut Hills, Perak. Annals of the Magazine of natural History, 6, 186 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678356" type="journal article">Boulenger (1900:193)</bibRefCitation>
reported on a specimen from Bukit Larut,
<collectingRegion id="E046F827D917FF848246F974FB3AF90E" box="[1107,1171,1732,1757]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Perak</collectingRegion>
that he referred to as
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF848682F959FE3AF8D2" box="[151,403,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D917FF848682F959FE26F8D2" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,399,1768,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldii">Lygosoma bampfyldii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
He noted differences between the Bukit Larut specimen and a
<typeStatus id="FD398867D917FF848260F959FB65F8D2" box="[1141,1228,1769,1793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF8482EDF959FA35F8D2" box="[1272,1436,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D917FF8482EDF959FA31F8D2" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" box="[1272,1432,1768,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Riopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldei">L. bampfyldei</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
specifically stating that in the Bukit Larut specimen the “dark brown of the occiput extends along the dorsal surface of the body and tail, the sides of which are reddish”. These are color pattern characters unique to
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D917FF8482C1F881FADCF89A" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[1236,1397,1840,1865]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF8482C1F881FADCF89A" box="[1236,1397,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">L. peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD917FF848369F881FF6EF8BF" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and thus, we consider Boulengers specimen from Bukit Larut to be that species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A98654ED917FF8486D2F8C9FCDBF80A" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D917FF8486D2F8C9FCDBF80A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1732,2009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF8486D2F8C9FEE7F842" bold="true" box="[199,334,1913,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Etymology.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D917FF8487C5F8C9FDEBF843" authorityName="Bampfyldii Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[464,578,1913,1936]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF8487C5F8C9FDEBF843" box="[464,578,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">Lygosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of neutral gender and the specific epithet,
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF848229F8C8FB6FF842" box="[1084,1222,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D917FF848229F8C8FB6BF842" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[1084,1218,1912,1937]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare">peninsulare</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
is the neutral form of the Latin adjective
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D917FF848788F82CFD8EF866" box="[413,551,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="539">peninsularis</emphasis>
which translates to the English adjective “peninsular”. The specific epithet refers to this species being endemic to the Thai-Malay Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="76FD664DD910FF838682FA8CFDADFAA2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298218/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" startId="12.[151,250,1340,1362]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1319]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D910FF838682FA8CFDADFAA2" blockId="12.[151,1436,1340,1393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF838682FA8CFEBAFA81" bold="true" box="[151,275,1340,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral view of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D910FF8384C6FA8DFC11FA81" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[723,952,1340,1362]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF8384C6FA8DFC11FA81" box="[723,952,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD910FF8385AAFA8DFBA7FA81" box="[959,1038,1341,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6A98654ED910FF8286D2FA28FEA4FDCB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="223D36C5D910FF8386D2FA28FBF1FA06" blockId="12.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF8386D2FA28FE15FA62" bold="true" box="[199,444,1432,1457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D910FF838779FA28FE1AFA62" box="[364,435,1432,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1219,1241]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1197]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,483,1197]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species of the Lygosoma bampfyldei group in Sundaland. Stars designate the location of the type localities for L. bampfyldei along the Rajang River, Sarawak, East Malaysia; L. peninsulare sp. nov. from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia; L. kinabatanganensis sp. nov. from the Kinabatangan District, Deramakot camp (Deramakot Sabah Forestry Department), Sabah, East Malaysia; and L. schneideri from Indragiri, Djapura, Sumatra, Indonesia. Colors are coded to match those of the Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298206/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D910FF8387DBFA29FD67FA62" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[462,718,1432,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF8387DBFA29FD67FA62" box="[462,718,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD910FF8384CCFA29FC9AFA63" box="[729,819,1433,1456]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is known only from Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="5A957655D910FF8382BAFA28FABCFA62" box="[1199,1301,1432,1457]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
at the
<typeStatus id="FD398867D910FF838379FA29FA35FA62" box="[1388,1436,1433,1457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
locality
<quantity id="E57A9B20D910FF8386E7FA0CFEE7FA06" box="[242,334,1468,1493]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" unit="km" value="13.5">13.5 km</quantity>
east of Jeli,
<collectingRegion id="E046F827D910FF8387CFFA0CFD96FA06" box="[474,575,1468,1493]" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
and from Bukit Larut,
<collectingRegion id="E046F827D910FF838556FA0CFC2AFA06" box="[835,899,1468,1493]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Perak</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46134B34D910FF838587FA0CFBE2FA06" box="[914,1099,1468,1493]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" refId="ref7615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from Larut Hills, Perak. Annals of the Magazine of natural History, 6, 186 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678356" type="journal article">Boulenger 1900</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223D36C5D910FF8386D2FA51FC13F8B2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF8386D2FA51FE2AFA2A" bold="true" box="[199,387,1504,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Natural history</emphasis>
. At the
<typeStatus id="FD398867D910FF8387F8FA51FDB4FA2A" box="[493,541,1505,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D910FF838485FA51FC38FA2A" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[656,913,1504,1529]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF838485FA51FC38FA2A" box="[656,913,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD910FF83858BFA51FC53FA2B" box="[926,1018,1505,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs in hill dipterocarp forest at approximately
<quantity id="E57A9B20D910FF838751F9B5FE39F9CF" box="[324,400,1541,1565]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</quantity>
in elevation. The exact collecting locality of the Bukit Larut specimen is unknown but presumably it was somewhere between the old Tea Garden at
<quantity id="E57A9B20D910FF838546F998FC33F993" box="[851,922,1576,1601]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
and Gunung Hijau at
<quantity id="E57A9B20D910FF838283F998FB46F993" box="[1174,1263,1576,1601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.368" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="1368.0">1368 m</quantity>
. Unfortunately, no natural history data were associated with its collection. At the
<typeStatus id="FD398867D910FF838566F9FDFC0AF9B6" box="[883,931,1613,1637]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D910FF83821FF9FEFB02F9B6" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[1034,1195,1612,1637]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF83821FF9FEFB02F9B6" box="[1034,1195,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">L. peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD910FF8382A7F9FDFAA0F9B7" box="[1202,1289,1613,1636]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is associated with a leaf litter microhabitat amongst granite boulders (
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D910FF83851BF9C0FCC8F95A" box="[782,865,1648,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1071,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Leaf litter and granite boulder microhabitat of the type locality of Lygosoma peninsulare sp. nov. from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. Photo by DZ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298224/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="FD398867D910FF8385BDF9C0FBA3F95A" box="[936,1034,1648,1673]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was found by ZD while monitoring an excavator that was clearing the forest to make a track within a gold mining project. The skink emerged from beneath the surface of the ground in a spot that had just been cleared. This observation, along with its elongate body and reduced limbs indicate that this is a semi-fossorial to fossorial species. The thickened and opaque-colored rostral, supranasals, nasals, mental, and first supralabials and infralabials (
<figureCitation id="BAB92A40D910FF8385F5F8B0FB8CF8CA" box="[992,1061,1792,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1609,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,733,1588]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head of the holotype of Lygosoma peninsulare sp. nov. (LSUHC 13857) from 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia showing the opaque nature of the snout scales common to many species semi-fossorial and fossorial skinks and dibamids. Photo by ESHQ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1298216/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) also suggests such a lifestyle as these characteristics are common among other semi-fossorial and fossorial skinks and dibamids in Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="5A957655D910FF838682F8F8FF57F8B2" box="[151,254,1864,1889]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D910FF838728F8F9FE38F8B3" authorityName="Bohme" authorityYear="1981" box="[317,401,1865,1888]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF838728F8F9FE38F8B3" box="[317,401,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Larutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D910FF8387DDF8F8FD84F8B2" authorityName="Duméril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1839" box="[456,557,1864,1889]" class="Reptilia" family="Dibamidae" genus="Dibamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF8387DDF8F8FD84F8B2" box="[456,557,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Dibamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="46134B34D910FF83842FF8F8FD70F8B2" box="[570,729,1864,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" refId="ref8435" refString="Grismer, L. L., Quah, E. S. H., Siler, C. D., Chan, K. O., Wood Jr., P. L., Grismer, J. L., Shahrul, A. M. &amp; Norhayati, A. (2011) Peninsular Malaysia's first limbless lizard: a new species of skink of the genus Larutia (Bohme) from Pulau Pinang with a phylogeny of the genus. Zootaxa, 2799, 29 - 40." type="journal article">Grismer 2011</bibRefCitation>
; Quah
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF83853CF8F9FCC8F8B2" box="[809,865,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
2017]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223D36C5D910FF8286D2F8DCFEEFFF24" blockId="12.[151,1437,1432,2033]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">
The status of
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D910FF83877EF8DEFDC5F856" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[363,620,1900,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D910FF83877EF8DEFDC5F856" box="[363,620,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD910FF838462F8DDFD7AF857" box="[631,723,1901,1924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in
<collectingRegion id="E046F827D910FF8384EBF8DCFCCAF856" box="[766,867,1900,1925]" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
state is potentially threatened as there is a gold mining project encompassing the
<typeStatus id="FD398867D910FF838405F821FDE9F87A" box="[528,576,1937,1961]" pageId="12" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
locality. Despite being part of Jedok Forest Reserve, the state-approved gold mining project covers an area of 200 hectares. The Jedok Forest Reserve is a relatively small, fragmented halfmoon shape area covering 4,382 hectares. A road cutting through the reserve and the gold mining project will cause further habitat fragmentation and the potential extirpation of
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D911FF828563FF29FBB7FF63" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[886,1054,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF828563FF29FBB7FF63" box="[886,1054,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">L. peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from this area. Therefore, it is important that measures be put into place that will preserve the remaining, intact, unaltered habitat in the Jedok Forest Reserve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223D36C5D911FF8286D2FEB3FEA4FDCB" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF8286D2FEB3FECCFECF" bold="true" box="[199,357,259,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">Comparisons</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D911FF828761FEB5FDD9FECE" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[372,624,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF828761FEB5FDD9FECE" box="[372,624,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">Lygosoma peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD911FF828462FEB5FD67FECF" box="[631,718,261,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all other species of the
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D911FF828273FEB4FB4AFECE" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" box="[1126,1251,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Riopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldei">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF828273FEB4FB4AFECE" box="[1126,1251,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">bampfyldei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in having a shallow vs. a deep postnasal groove; 87 vs 8185 (
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D911FF828553FE99FC51FE93" box="[838,1016,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bamphfyldei">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF828553FE99FC51FE93" box="[838,1016,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">L. bamphfyldei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or 95 (
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D911FF828264FE99FAA4FE93" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1900" box="[1137,1293,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schneideri">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF828264FE99FAA4FE93" box="[1137,1293,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">L. schneideri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or 98 (
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D911FF828390FE99FEC0FEB6" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinabatanganensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF828390FE99FEC0FEB6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">L. kinabatanganensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD911FF828761FEFDFE79FEB7" box="[372,464,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) paravertebral scales; strongly keeled vs smooth to weakly keeled finger lamellae; enlarged fringe-like vs. keeled subdigital lamellae; sharply raised vs. low and rounded palmar scales; five vs. seven or eight scales across the base of the palm; an incomplete vs. complete frontal band; occipital band confluent vs. not confluent with the color of dorsum; and the sides of tail being bright red-orange vs. olive or grey. Other characters differentially separating
<taxonomicName id="E5824D46D911FF828434FE6DFD68FE26" authority="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun, 2018" authorityName="Grismer &amp; Quah &amp; Duzulkafly &amp; Yambun" authorityYear="2018" box="[545,705,476,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulare" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F6EAD7D911FF828434FE6DFD68FE26" box="[545,705,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="541">L. peninsulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BC557ACD911FF8284DDFE6DFCB7FE27" box="[712,798,477,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from various combinations of the other species are listed in
<tableCitation id="6F00037ED911FF8286A1FE4FFEA0FDCB" box="[180,265,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[147,226,490,511]" captionText="TABLE 2. Stanđarđ đescriptive anđ điagnostic (shađeđ) characters among đifferent combinations of species of the Lygosoma bampfyldei group. All measurements are in millimeters. / = đata unobtainable. Abbreviations are listeđ in the Materials anđ methođs." pageId="13" pageNumber="541">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>