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<document id="9DC34E31BBC5F7F7C34B6DB1C2FE6B94" ID-CLB-Dataset="26753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79913e2e-5a42-4510-aab5-4ad5f0f1b477" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3066380" ID-ZooBank="1C937944-3C4E-45A0-AEC7-51BE0725FE3B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1558386217433" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grehan, John R. &amp; Mielke, Carlos G. C." docDate="2018" docId="A20DC455DA5A2356FF30FDA786C0A266" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4415.2.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4415 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hepialidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="252" masterDocId="5E34BC2DDA53235FFFA7FF808411A73C" masterDocTitle="Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)" masterLastPageNumber="275" masterPageNumber="243" pageNumber="252" updateTime="1698731259108" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1DCB0F67B67DBFFBD2898B1A22BCB220">Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F1ACBEA4B1AA98BCC44D4E8ACF7D923F">Grehan, John R.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FF30FDA78716A57D" bold="true" box="[151,775,551,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
(3) Oxycanine
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FEEAFDA785C5A57D" ID-CoL="62553" ID-ENA="41021" baseAuthorityName="Jarzembowski" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[333,468,551,577]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hepialidae</taxonomicName>
in the Southwest Pacific
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62BE26C8DA5A2356FF30FDEE86C0A266" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2A1B7543DA5A2356FF30FDEE80B4A329" blockId="9.[151,1437,622,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
Several Australian and
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FE0AFDEF8659A5BB" box="[429,584,622,647]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
genera have oxycanine venation which represents a derived condition within the Exoporia but is also present in three South American genera (
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FC73FD1380B2A597" authority=", Tricladia" authorityName="Tricladia" box="[980,1187,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Aepytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FC73FD1380B2A597" box="[980,1187,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Aepytus, Tricladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FB7BFD13819DA596" authorityName="Ozdikmen" authorityYear="2007" box="[1244,1420,659,682]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Vietteogorgopis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FB7BFD13819DA596" box="[1244,1420,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Vietteogorgopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The latter genera have characters supporting their inclusion in a New World cibyrine clade (
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FB16FD368159A5F3" author="Grehan, J. R." box="[1201,1352,694,719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="33 - 62" refId="ref18568" refString="Grehan, J. R. (2012) Morphological evidence for phylogenetic relationships within the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera: Exoporia). Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 42, 33 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">Grehan 2012</bibRefCitation>
) which suggests that oxycanine venation cannot be treated as an unequivocal phylogenetic character state for the
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FF30FD7E8501A42B" baseAuthorityName="Jarzembowski" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[151,272,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hepialidae</taxonomicName>
as a whole.
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FE1EFD7F8647A42B" box="[441,598,766,791]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
supports five endemic oxycanine genera (
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FBFAFD7E80EAA42B" authorityName="Dumbleton" authorityYear="1966" box="[1117,1275,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Cladoxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FBFAFD7E80EAA42B" box="[1117,1275,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Cladoxycanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FAB6FD7F85CAA407" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FAB6FD7F8189A42A" authorityName="Dumbleton" authorityYear="1966" box="[1297,1432,767,790]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Dioxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dioxycanus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FF30FCA28526A407" authorityName="Dugdale" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,311,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Dumbletonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dumbletonius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FEE4FCA285C6A407" authorityName="Dugdale" authorityYear="1994" box="[323,471,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Heloxycanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heloxycanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FDB3FCA38662A406" authorityName="Viette" authorityYear="1961" box="[532,627,803,826]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Wiseana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FDB3FCA38662A406" box="[532,627,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Wiseana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FD2BFCA286E2A407" box="[652,755,802,827]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Australia</collectingCountry>
has three genera (
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FC62FCA38019A406" authorityName="Tindale" authorityYear="1935" box="[965,1032,803,826]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Jeana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FC62FCA38019A406" box="[965,1032,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Jeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FBBFFCA38097A406" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1048,1158,803,826]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FBBFFCA38097A406" box="[1048,1158,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Oxycanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FB61FCA28120A407" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1222,1329,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Elhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FB61FCA28120A407" box="[1222,1329,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Elhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the last two also being in New
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FE3FFCC685F8A463" box="[408,489,838,863]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FE50FCC6869EA463" author="Tindale, N. B." box="[503,655,838,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="275 - 332" refId="ref22423" refString="Tindale, N. B. (1935) Revision of the Australian ghost moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, family Hepialidae). Part III. Records of the South Australia Museum, 5, 275 - 332." type="journal article" year="1935">Tindale 1935</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FD3DFCC686C4A463" author="Tindale, N. B." box="[666,725,838,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref22530" refString="Tindale, N. B. (1955) Revision of the Australian ghost moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, family Hepialidae). Part VI. Records of the South Australia Museum, 11, 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FD47FCC6870AA463" author="Tindale, N. B." box="[736,795,838,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="663 - 669" refId="ref22569" refString="Tindale, N. B. (1964) Revision of the Australian ghost moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, family Hepialidae). Part VI. Records of the South Australia Museum, 14, 663 - 669." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FC81FCC687C9A463" author="Simonsen, T. J." box="[806,984,838,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="301 - 328" refId="ref22093" refString="Simonsen, T. J. (2015) Elhamma Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) revisited: adult morphology, assessment of recently proposed synonyms and descriptions of two species. Zootaxa, 3955 (3), 301 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3955.3.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Simonsen 2015</bibRefCitation>
). A molecular study of the
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FAA1FCC7818DA463" box="[1286,1436,838,863]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and Australian oxycanine genera (excluding
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FD1DFCED8734A4BA" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[698,805,877,902]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Elhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FD1DFCED8734A4BA" box="[698,805,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Elhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FCCCFCEE8072A4BA" author="Brown, B. &amp; Emberson, R. M. &amp; Paterson, A. M." box="[875,1123,877,902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="463 - 473" refId="ref17127" refString="Brown, B., Emberson, R. M. &amp; Paterson, A. M. (1999) Phylogeny of '' Oxycanus '' lineages of hepialid moths from New Zealand inferred from sequence variation in the mtDNA COI and II gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13, 463 - 473. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0662" type="journal article" year="1999">
Brown
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FC60FCEE8013A4BA" box="[967,1026,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">et al</emphasis>
. (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
<superScript id="DDD1D80BDA5A2356FBC3FCEA807DA444" attach="left" box="[1124,1132,874,888]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">1</superScript>
supported a sister group relationship between Australian and
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FDE8FC1286FCA496" box="[591,749,913,938]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
oxycanines. The Australasian oxycanines have a similar distribution range to
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FE23FC3685CCA4F1" box="[388,477,950,973]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Aenetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FE23FC3685CCA4F1" box="[388,477,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Aenetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
other than being absent from
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FC93FC3687F3A4F2" box="[820,994,949,974]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and west of New
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FB14FC358115A4F2" box="[1203,1284,949,974]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="B29F69C6DA5A2356FAB2FC35814BA4F2" box="[1301,1370,949,974]" captionStart="FIGURES 910" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1782,1805]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,337,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[152,1435,337,1761]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 910. Fig. 9. Distribution of oxycanine groups: Neohepialiscus (North Africa), Hepialiscus (Himalaya-southern Asia), Napialus (China), Oxycanus (New Guinea-Australia), and New Zealand oxycanine genera. Fig. 10. Known and potential distribution of Phassodes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3066398/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The allopatric disjunct distribution of Australian and
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FD66FC5A8748A4CE" box="[705,857,985,1010]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
clades conforms to the expectation of a vicariance origin following disruption of the ancestral range by formation of the
<collectingRegion id="E860BBA1DA5A2356FC03FC7E87EAA329" box="[932,1019,1022,1045]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Tasman</collectingRegion>
Sea by 55 Ma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1B7543DA5A2356FF60FBA186C0A266" blockId="9.[151,1437,622,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
There is also some evidence of a sister group relationship between the Australasian oxycanines and Asian genera that also have an oxycanine venation—
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FD07FBC58714A362" authorityName="Chu &amp; Wang" authorityYear="1985" box="[672,773,1093,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Napialus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FD07FBC58714A362" box="[672,773,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Napialus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FC8FFBC5877FA362" box="[808,878,1093,1118]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">China</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FCDEFBC587ECA362" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[889,1021,1093,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Hepialiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FCDEFBC587ECA362" box="[889,1021,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Hepialiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Himalayas,
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FB68FBC58135A362" box="[1231,1316,1093,1118]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FA88FBC6818DA362" box="[1327,1436,1094,1118]" name="Myanmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FF61FBE9853DA3BE" box="[198,300,1129,1154]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and the monotypic
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FDA9FBE986D5A3BE" authorityName="Viette" authorityYear="1950" box="[526,708,1129,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Parahepialiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FDA9FBE986D5A3BE" box="[526,708,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Parahepialiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Borneo (
<figureCitation id="B29F69C6DA5A2356FCECFBE9879EA3BD" box="[843,911,1129,1154]" captionStart="FIGURES 910" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1782,1805]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,337,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[152,1435,337,1761]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 910. Fig. 9. Distribution of oxycanine groups: Neohepialiscus (North Africa), Hepialiscus (Himalaya-southern Asia), Napialus (China), Oxycanus (New Guinea-Australia), and New Zealand oxycanine genera. Fig. 10. Known and potential distribution of Phassodes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3066398/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The relationship inferred by wing venation is strengthened by the presence of a unique genitalic structure in the male in
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FC7DFB0D804FA39A" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[986,1118,1165,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Hepialiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FC7DFB0D804FA39A" box="[986,1118,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Hepialiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and at least some
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FA8AFB0E818AA399" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1325,1435,1166,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FA8AFB0E818AA399" box="[1325,1435,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Oxycanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FF50FB318566A3F5" author="Ueda, K." box="[247,375,1201,1226]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="39 - 54" refId="ref22765" refString="Ueda, K. (1988) New species of the genus Hepialiscus Hampson (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae) from Taiwan. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History, 8, 39 - 54." type="journal article" year="1988">Ueda 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FE24FB31860BA3F5" author="Grehan, J. R." box="[387,538,1201,1226]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="33 - 62" refId="ref18568" refString="Grehan, J. R. (2012) Morphological evidence for phylogenetic relationships within the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera: Exoporia). Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 42, 33 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">Grehan 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FC8EFB3187C5A3F6" authorityName="Viette" authorityYear="1948" box="[809,980,1201,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Neohepialiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FC8EFB3187C5A3F6" box="[809,980,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Neohepialiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of North Africa also exhibits oxycanine venation and may belong to this group. The eastern Asian-Australasian range of the oxycanines is similar to that of
<emphasis id="18D0A951DA5A2356FF30FB7A8577A22E" box="[151,358,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FF30FB7A84E1A22D" box="[151,240,1274,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Aenetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenetus</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="EDA40EC0DA5A2356FF5EFB798577A22E" authorityName="Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[249,358,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Endoclita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Endoclita</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, albeit with local differences. This range may be derived from vicariance of a formerly widespread ancestor possibly ranging between the Mediterranean and
<collectingCountry id="52B335D3DA5A2356FC0DFA9E8051A20A" box="[938,1088,1309,1334]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
as a Tethyan group (c.f.
<bibRefCitation id="4E3508B2DA5A2356FAF1FA9D84DEA265" author="Heads, M." pageId="9" pageNumber="252" refId="ref19260" refString="Heads, M. (2014) Biogeography of Australasia: A Molecular Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 493 pp." type="book" year="2014">Heads 2014</bibRefCitation>
for other examples in the Australasian biota).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>