417 lines
83 KiB
XML
417 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document id="4DE7C3907B3CDA776CB8147176197979" ID-CLB-Dataset="21907" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.390" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839858" ID-ZooBank="4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590155668479" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max" docDate="2017" docId="8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-390.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dictyoporus nodosus Magdefrau 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="7441CF20BA769F284C53200DFFF9FFC3" masterDocTitle="Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698840949990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4D619D0FA45272583BECFDA5968B8BC4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="62DF85DF0BD0DEBE90B6BBCF8AAB4A51">
|
||
<mods:title id="BCF47C2951E137A39DA3350BC6002BB4">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="360FF9FF83D6720735E71039DB08168C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7CB61B18CFB07DC08B306D285C840461">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FA14BF8F989E0474C847E30382F78815">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FEA3F89B823973A382ECA00A6FCA6CE8">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2C07EA89299FA3C82297080BDCD48F33">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2A58B57B4CC6DEF0A50DB9366439444D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7662E4A5119E41409CED712C51EC235D">
|
||
<mods:title id="7DB85A1AF7DF6E5CE19AE66F1D2FC4EC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4C8EAB5AC19F5EAB2B424C953DF11B8F">
|
||
<mods:date id="C8B4692F480497CBC0CAE3DB0EE05BF4">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D42FDB91C2B07BD370EDA703D2820726" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="B94D50A181C37B2D4ADBE493BEC58DE1">2017-12-29</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F1203BEB7B86DD19EE1552E427C03039" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="ACCE0985581F832BD461F8947FA030FB">390</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="8922B6B7D6EA8461AC151554E6FE307E" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="7B35F8448247BC8FB4031112761286DA">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="5441F487A80275420DD75A093C83C1AE">99</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="31D05DE575A91D7026AD043432CAFDEF">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CEEE086AE96A9D71A922EF1EFD61B26F" type="CLB-Dataset">21907</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F210EB740154352BE73A312D6F42A40D" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2017.390</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="22C9DECB341CFA784DD789BE2E5D28C2" type="GBIF-Dataset">54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="69904895C7AEFE133E8FA5C3BA1592FB" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1B225FF20B37D5AEA02C14BA58ED9AF5" type="Zenodo-Dep">3839858</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="984D9E3BD37DC9EE9127E62C1FE6E007" type="ZooBank">4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853669" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853669" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5D9F034E6124C7FBF8FB27" box="[562,1025,1226,1253]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034E6124C7FBF8FB27" blockId="43.[562,1025,1226,1288]" box="[562,1025,1226,1253]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5D9F034E6124C7FBF8FB27" box="[562,1025,1226,1253]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034E6124C7FBF8FB27" authority="Magdefrau, 1937" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[562,1025,1226,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034E6124C7FCD6FB26" bold="true" box="[562,815,1226,1253]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dictyoporus nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034F6424C7FBF8FB27" author="Magdefrau" box="[823,1025,1226,1252]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5D9F034EA324E0FCBAFACB" box="[752,835,1261,1288]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034EA324E0FCBAFACB" blockId="43.[562,1025,1226,1288]" box="[752,835,1261,1288]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5D9F034EA324E0FCBAFACB" box="[752,835,1261,1288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5D9F034CEE253DFCAEF8BB" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE253DFC9DFA8A" blockId="43.[189,869,1327,1459]" box="[189,868,1327,1354]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5D9F034CEE253DFC9DFA8A" box="[189,868,1327,1354]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034CEE253DFD4FFA89" author="Magdefrau K." box="[189,694,1327,1354]" page="55" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1937">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034CEE253DFD4FFA89" authority="Magdefrau, 1937: 55" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,694,1327,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE253DFE4CFA8A" box="[189,437,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dictyoporus nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034DEE2522FD4FFA89" author="Magdefrau" box="[445,694,1327,1354]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937: 55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. IV, fig. 10.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE255FFD00FAAF" blockId="43.[189,869,1327,1459]" box="[189,761,1362,1389]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5D9F034CEE255FFD00FAAF" box="[189,761,1362,1389]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034CEE255FFDA1FAAF" author="Elias M. K." box="[189,600,1362,1389]" page="383" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1957">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034CEE255FFDA1FAAF" authority="Elias, 1957: 383" authorityName="Elias" authorityPageNumber="383" authorityYear="1957" box="[189,600,1362,1389]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clionidae" genus="Cliona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fenestralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE255FFE77FAAF" box="[189,398,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cliona fenestralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034DC5255FFDA1FAAF" author="Elias" box="[406,600,1362,1389]" firstAuthor="Elias" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="370 - 427" refId="ref50116" refString="Elias M. K. 1957. Late Mississippian fauna from the Redoak Hollow Formation of southern Oklahoma, part I. Journal of Paleontology 31: 370 - 427." type="journal article" year="1957">Elias, 1957: 383</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 40, fig. 2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE2578FC9CFA4C" blockId="43.[189,869,1327,1459]" box="[189,869,1397,1424]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5D9F034CEE2578FC9CFA4C" box="[189,869,1397,1424]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034CEE2578FCECFA53" author="Palmer T. J. & Palmer C. D." box="[189,789,1397,1424]" page="185" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1977">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034CEE2578FCECFA53" authority="Palmer & Palmer, 1977: 185" authorityName="Palmer & Palmer" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,789,1397,1424]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="retiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE2578FE44FA4C" box="[189,445,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cicatricula retiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034D972578FCECFA53" author="Palmer & Palmer" box="[452,789,1397,1424]" firstAuthor="Palmer" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="179 - 199" refId="ref52419" refString="Palmer T. J. & Palmer C. D. 1977. Faunal distribution and colonization strategy in a Middle Ordovician hardground community. Lethaia 10: 179 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1977. tb 00608. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Palmer & Palmer, 1977: 185</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 6.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE2594FCE5FA70" blockId="43.[189,869,1327,1459]" box="[189,796,1432,1459]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5D9F034CEE2594FCE5FA70" box="[189,796,1432,1459]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034CEE2594FD52FA70" author="Elias R. J." box="[189,683,1432,1459]" page="273" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1980">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034CEE2594FD52FA70" authority="Elias, 1980: 273" authorityName="Elias" authorityPageNumber="273" authorityYear="1980" box="[189,683,1432,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garsonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE2594FE18FA71" box="[189,481,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dictyoporus garsonensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034DBA2595FD52FA70" author="Elias" box="[489,683,1432,1459]" firstAuthor="Elias" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="272 - 277" refId="ref50147" refString="Elias R. J. 1980. Borings in solitary rugose corals of the Selkirk Member, Red River Formation (late Middle or Upper Ordovician), southern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 17: 272 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 80 - 023" type="journal article" year="1980">Elias, 1980: 273</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5D9F034EE42595FCE1FA70" box="[695,792,1432,1459]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE25D6FE40F942" blockId="43.[189,1399,1498,1912]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5D9F034CEE25D6FE40F942" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034CEE25D6FE4FFA37" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,438,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE25D6FE4FFA37" box="[189,438,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dictyoporus nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034D8525D7FD59FA37" box="[470,672,1498,1524]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034D8525D7FD59FA37" author="Hantzschel" box="[470,672,1498,1524]" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">Häntzschel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
: W230, fig. 144-5 (reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F03480525D7FAE7FA37" author="Magdefrau" box="[1110,1310,1498,1524]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 1975: W127, fig. 78-5 (reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034EC225F0FCA2F9D4" author="Magdefrau" box="[657,859,1533,1559]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). — (?)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034F9625F0FB22F9DB" box="[965,1243,1533,1560]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034F9625F0FB22F9DB" author="Pugaczewska" box="[965,1243,1533,1560]" firstAuthor="Pugaczewska" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="73 - 95" refId="ref52695" refString="Pugaczewska H. 1965. Les organismes sedentaires sur les rostres des belemnites du Cretace superieur. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 10: 73 - 95." type="journal article" year="1965">Pugaczewska 1965: 75</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. I,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5D9F03497C25F0FA96F9D4" box="[1327,1391,1533,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; 1970: 427, pl. I,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5D9F034DE3262DFE16F9F9" box="[432,495,1568,1594]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034E71262DFD0AF9F8" box="[546,755,1568,1595]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034E71262DFD0AF9F8" author="Nadjin" box="[546,755,1568,1595]" firstAuthor="Nadjin" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref52382" refString="Nadjin D. P. 1969. Morfologia i Paleobiologia Verkhnemelovykh Belemnitov. Moscow." type="book" year="1969">Nadjin 1969: 155</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. IV, fig. 10 (reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F03482F262DFABDF9F9" author="Magdefrau" box="[1148,1348,1568,1594]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034CB9264EFE45F99D" box="[234,444,1603,1630]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034CB9264EFE45F99D" author="Plewes" box="[234,444,1603,1630]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes 1996: 191</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 36,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5D9F034E49264EFD82F99D" box="[538,635,1603,1630]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionStartId-4="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionStartId-5="27.[189,232,1649,1675]" captionStartId-6="28.[190,233,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetBox-5="[189,1401,962,1622]" captionTargetBox-6="[190,1402,1182,1833]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId-4="figure@25.[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetId-5="figure@27.[189,1401,962,1622]" captionTargetId-6="figure@28.[190,1402,1182,1833]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionTargetPageId-4="25" captionTargetPageId-5="27" captionTargetPageId-6="28" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4)." captionText-5="Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1)." captionText-6="Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">figs 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034EF9264EFC3CF99E" box="[682,965,1603,1630]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034EF9264EFC3CF99E" author="Buatois" box="[682,965,1603,1630]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Buatois" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="102 - 181" refId="ref49743" refString="Buatois L. A., Wisshak M., Wilson M. A. & Mangano M. G. 2017. Categories of architectural designs in trace fossils: A measure of ichnodisparity. Earth Science Reviews 164: 102 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. earscirev. 2016.08.009" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Buatois
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034F582649FCBFF99E" box="[779,838,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 161
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 75D (
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5D9F034813264EFB57F99D" box="[1088,1198,1603,1630]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F0348B62649FEADF942" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F0348B62649FEADF942" author="Breton" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Breton" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="45 - 57" refId="ref49297" refString="Breton G., Wisshak M., Neraudeau D. & Morel N. 2017. Parasitic gastropod bioerosion trace fossil on Cenomanian oysters from Le Mans, France and its ichnologic and taphonomic context. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62: 45 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00304.2016" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Breton
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F03496F2649FA8EF99E" box="[1340,1399,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 46
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3D.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE2687FB2FF966" blockId="43.[189,1399,1498,1912]" box="[189,1238,1674,1701]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Without name –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034DD32687FD82F966" author="Lindstrom" box="[384,635,1674,1701]" firstAuthor="Lindstrom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="152 - 155" refId="ref52135" refString="Lindstrom M. 1979. Probable sponge borings in Lower Ordovician limestone of Sweden. Geology 7: 152 - 155." type="journal article" year="1979">Lindström 1979: 154</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2A–C. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034F7D2687FB92F967" author="Girod & Rosner" box="[814,1131,1674,1700]" firstAuthor="Girod" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="280 - 288" refId="ref50877" refString="Girod P. & Rosner T. 2013. Spurenfossilien (Ichnofossilien). In: Arbeitskreis Palaontologie Hannover (eds) Fossilien aus dem Campan von Hannover: 280 - 288. Arbeitskreis Palaontologie Hannover, Hannover." type="book chapter" year="2013">Girod & Rösner 2013: 282</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 15c.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE26A0FE82F928" blockId="43.[189,1399,1498,1912]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5D9F034CEE26A0FE82F928" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034CEE26A0FE0CF904" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,501,1709,1735]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="breviramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE26A0FE0CF904" box="[189,501,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Calcideletrix breviramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034E4F26A0FD14F904" author="Ghare M. A." box="[540,749,1709,1735]" page="132" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034E4F26A0FD14F904" author="Ghare" box="[540,749,1709,1735]" firstAuthor="Ghare" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="129 - 135" refId="ref50839" refString="Ghare M. A. 1982. Borings on belemnoid rostra from Utatur Group of Upper Cretaceous rocks of Trichinopoly District, Tamil Nadu. Journal of the Geological Society of India 23: 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="1982">Ghare 1982: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig. 6. — (?)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034FA026A0FB32F904" author="Kost'ak M." box="[1011,1227,1709,1735]" page="32" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034FA026A0FB32F904" author="Kost'ak" box="[1011,1227,1709,1735]" firstAuthor="Kost'ak" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref51968" refString="Kost'ak M. 2004. Short ichnofossil synopsis in Upper Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae from central and eastern Europe. In: Mikulas R. (ed.) Abstract Book, 4 th international bioerosion workshop, Prague, August 30 - September 3, 2004. Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague." type="book" year="2004">Košt’ák 2004: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 12 (poor illustration).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE26FEFD70F8F1" blockId="43.[189,1399,1498,1912]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5D9F034CEE26FEFD70F8F1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5D9F034CEE26FEFE3BF8CE" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,450,1779,1805]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE26FEFE3BF8CE" box="[189,450,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Calcidelatrix flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F034DB726FEFD85F8CE" box="[484,636,1779,1805]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034DB726FEFD85F8CE" author="Plewes" box="[484,636,1779,1805]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim): 186, pl. 33, figs 3, 5, pl. 34, figs 5–6. — (?)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5D9F03494926FEFEADF8F2" author="Kost'ak M." page="32" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F03494926FEFEADF8F2" author="Kost'ak" firstAuthor="Kost'ak" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref51968" refString="Kost'ak M. 2004. Short ichnofossil synopsis in Upper Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae from central and eastern Europe. In: Mikulas R. (ed.) Abstract Book, 4 th international bioerosion workshop, Prague, August 30 - September 3, 2004. Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague." type="book" year="2004">Košt’ák 2004: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11 (poor illustration).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE2737FCACF896" blockId="43.[189,1399,1498,1912]" box="[189,853,1850,1877]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Dendroid-Form A –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034DFF2737FD58F897" author="Bundschuh" box="[428,673,1850,1876]" firstAuthor="Bundschuh" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref49875" refString="Bundschuh M. 2000. Silurische Mikrobohrspuren: Ihre Beschreibung und Verteilung in verschiedenen Faziesraumen (Schweden, Litauen, Grossbritannien und USA). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany." type="book" year="2000">Bundschuh 2000: 63</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 8, figs 5–8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE2750FCAEF8BB" blockId="43.[189,1399,1498,1912]" box="[189,855,1885,1912]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Dendroid-Form C –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5D9F034DFE2750FD5AF8B4" author="Bundschuh" box="[429,675,1885,1911]" firstAuthor="Bundschuh" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref49875" refString="Bundschuh M. 2000. Silurische Mikrobohrspuren: Ihre Beschreibung und Verteilung in verschiedenen Faziesraumen (Schweden, Litauen, Grossbritannien und USA). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany." type="book" year="2000">Bundschuh 2000: 66</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 9, figs 3–5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5D9F054CEE2793FEE3FE23" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE2793FE5BF87B" blockId="43.[189,418,1950,1976]" box="[189,418,1950,1976]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5D9F034CEE2793FE5BF87B" bold="true" box="[189,418,1950,1976]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5D9F034CEE2793FE5BF87B" bold="true" box="[189,418,1950,1976]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5D9F034CEE27C0FF19F824" blockId="43.[189,224,1997,2023]" box="[189,224,1997,2023]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">n/a</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="54AE56C6BA5A9F044CEE260DFC87F803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" targetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5A9F044CEE260DFC87F803" blockId="44.[189,1399,1536,1985]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044CEE260DFEE4F9D9" bold="true" box="[189,285,1536,1562]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5A9F044D74260CFD07F9D9" authority="Magdefrau, 1937" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[295,766,1536,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044D74260CFDDBF9D9" box="[295,546,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Dictyoporus nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5A9F044E7E260DFD07F9D9" author="Magdefrau" box="[557,766,1536,1562]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044F5F260DFCBAF9D9" bold="true" box="[780,835,1536,1562]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044F11262EFCAEF9FE" bold="true" box="[834,855,1571,1597]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5A9F044FD8264BFA8BF9A2" authority="Magdefrau, 1937" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[907,1394,1606,1633]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044FD8264BFB6BF9A3" box="[907,1170,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Calcideletrix flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5A9F0448CC264BFA8BF9A2" author="Magdefrau" box="[1183,1394,1606,1633]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044CEE2667FF2BF947" bold="true" box="[189,210,1642,1668]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5A9F044E9A2667FBF4F947" authority="Sowerby, 1814" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1814" box="[713,1037,1642,1668]" class="Bivalvia" family="Inoceramidae" genus="Inoceramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044E9A2667FCAAF940" box="[713,851,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Inoceramus</emphasis>
|
||
Sowerby, 1814
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F0448982680FB06F964" bold="true" box="[1227,1279,1677,1703]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044DD426FBFE67F8D3" bold="true" box="[391,414,1782,1808]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype of junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5A9F044F5C26FBFB8EF8D2" authority="Elias, 1957" authorityName="Elias" authorityYear="1957" box="[783,1143,1782,1809]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clionidae" genus="Cliona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fenestralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044F5C26FBFC1AF8D3" box="[783,995,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cliona fenestralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5A9F044FBD26FBFB8EF8D2" author="Elias" box="[1006,1143,1782,1809]" firstAuthor="Elias" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="370 - 427" refId="ref50116" refString="Elias M. K. 1957. Late Mississippian fauna from the Redoak Hollow Formation of southern Oklahoma, part I. Journal of Paleontology 31: 370 - 427." type="journal article" year="1957">Elias, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description).
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044ED52730FD64F894" bold="true" box="[646,669,1853,1879]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype of junior synonym
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044FAC2730FB7CF894" box="[1023,1157,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cicatricula</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5A9F0448DF2730FEA5F8B9" authority="Palmer & Palmer, 1977" authorityName="Palmer & Palmer" authorityYear="1977" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="retiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F0448DF2730FB06F894" box="[1164,1279,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">retiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5A9F0449562730FEA5F8B9" author="Palmer & Palmer" firstAuthor="Palmer" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="179 - 199" refId="ref52419" refString="Palmer T. J. & Palmer C. D. 1977. Faunal distribution and colonization strategy in a Middle Ordovician hardground community. Lethaia 10: 179 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1977. tb 00608. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Palmer & Palmer, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F044E89278EFD1CF85E" bold="true" box="[730,741,1923,1949]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype of junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5A9F0448032789FEBAF802" authority="Elias, 1980" authorityName="Elias" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garsonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5A9F0448032789FA8FF85E" box="[1104,1398,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Dictyoporus garsonensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5A9F044CEE27ABFEBAF802" author="Elias" box="[189,323,1958,1985]" firstAuthor="Elias" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="272 - 277" refId="ref50147" refString="Elias R. J. 1980. Borings in solitary rugose corals of the Selkirk Member, Red River Formation (late Middle or Upper Ordovician), southern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 17: 272 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 80 - 023" type="journal article" year="1980">Elias, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE2106FE56FEE6" blockId="45.[189,431,267,293]" box="[189,431,267,293]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5B9F054CEE2106FE56FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,431,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054CEE2106FE56FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,431,267,293]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE2134FEE3FE23" blockId="45.[189,1399,313,480]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Overall shape as well as gallery diameter and mesh-size varies but generally decreases towards the periphery of the trace. Branching points flattened parallel to the substrate surface and with rounded outline. Peripheral branches taper to pointed ends and have a jagged appearance. Galleries either developed as open channels and/or prostrate tunnels with few rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5B9F054CEE220AFCEFFB48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE220AFE43FDE2" blockId="45.[189,442,519,545]" box="[189,442,519,545]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5B9F054CEE220AFE43FDE2" bold="true" box="[189,442,519,545]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054CEE220AFE43FDE2" bold="true" box="[189,442,519,545]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Original description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE223BFEDCFDB7" blockId="45.[189,1398,566,628]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Channels
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA5B9F054D60223BFE26FD92" box="[307,479,566,593]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.07" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with swellings at branching or crossing points. [Translated from German]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE2296FDE8FD76" blockId="45.[189,529,667,693]" box="[189,529,667,693]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5B9F054CEE2296FDE8FD76" bold="true" box="[189,529,667,693]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054CEE2296FDE8FD76" bold="true" box="[189,529,667,693]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Supplementary description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE22C4FCEFFB48" blockId="45.[189,1399,713,1163]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The morphology of this ichnospecies is quite variable and partly dependent on the ontogeny of the trace or the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5B9F054D5E22E0FEB9FCC4" box="[269,320,749,775]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of substrate. All of this variability is evident in the Upper Cretaceous material alone and concerns the overall shape of the traces, ranging from radial symmetrical and circular to oval specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F054C95233EFED6FC8D" box="[198,303,819,846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
) to more irregular outlines with little discernible centre (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F054F80233EFBDEFC8D" box="[979,1063,819,846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, D–F). It also concerns the degree and the mesh size of the anastomoses, with a general trend towards smaller size at the periphery of the trace, which often goes along with a decrease in gallery diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F0548CA2374FB14FC57" box="[1177,1261,889,916]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
C–F). Most conspicuously, the variability is expressed in the preservation of the galleries as open surficial etchings vs true endolithic tunnels, including the combination of both orientations within one and the same trace, either laterally grading into each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F054EDB23EEFD0BFC3D" box="[648,754,995,1022]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
) or developed as multiple tiers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F05483423EEFB40FC3D" box="[1127,1209,995,1022]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). Published data on the diameter of the trace range from
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA5B9F054EB6240BFC75FBE2" box="[741,908,1030,1057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5 to 14 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F054FCC240BFBDAFBE2" author="Elias" box="[927,1059,1030,1057]" firstAuthor="Elias" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="370 - 427" refId="ref50116" refString="Elias M. K. 1957. Late Mississippian fauna from the Redoak Hollow Formation of southern Oklahoma, part I. Journal of Paleontology 31: 370 - 427." type="journal article" year="1957">Elias 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054974240BFECEFB80" authorityName="Elias" authorityYear="1957" class="Gastropoda" family="Clionidae" genus="Cliona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fenestralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054974240BFECEFB80" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cliona fenestralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F054D192424FD9CFB80" author="Palmer & Palmer" box="[330,613,1065,1091]" firstAuthor="Palmer" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="179 - 199" refId="ref52419" refString="Palmer T. J. & Palmer C. D. 1977. Faunal distribution and colonization strategy in a Middle Ordovician hardground community. Lethaia 10: 179 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1977. tb 00608. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Palmer & Palmer 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for junior synonym
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054F3A2424FB94FB80" box="[873,1133,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Cicatricula
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054FA92424FB94FB80" authorityName="Palmer & Palmer" authorityYear="1977" box="[1018,1133,1065,1091]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="retiformis">retiformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F0548D32424FAB3FB80" author="Bundschuh" box="[1152,1354,1065,1091]" firstAuthor="Bundschuh" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref49875" refString="Bundschuh M. 2000. Silurische Mikrobohrspuren: Ihre Beschreibung und Verteilung in verschiedenen Faziesraumen (Schweden, Litauen, Grossbritannien und USA). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany." type="book" year="2000">Bundschuh 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for synonyms ‘Dendroid-Form A’ and ‘Dendroid-Form D’), and tunnel diameters were specified to range from
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA5B9F054CAE247DFE74FB49" box="[253,397,1136,1162]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60 to 80 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F054DCF247DFD9DFB49" author="Magdefrau" box="[412,612,1136,1162]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler " Bohr " - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F054E23247DFCF0FB48" author="Plewes" box="[624,777,1136,1163]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5B9F054CEE24BCFB80FA83" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE24BCFD8AFB08" blockId="45.[189,627,1201,1227]" box="[189,627,1201,1227]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5B9F054CEE24BCFD8AFB08" bold="true" box="[189,627,1201,1227]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054CEE24BCFD8AFB08" bold="true" box="[189,627,1201,1227]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type material, locality and horizon</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE24EDFB80FA83" blockId="45.[189,1398,1247,1344]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0B90C13BA5B9F054CEE24EDFB80FA83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625219303" collectionCode="MLU" country="Germany" location="Halle" municipality="Institut fur Geowissenschaften und Geographie" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="MLU.Mag1937.IV.10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5B9F054CA124EDFEA0FB39" box="[242,345,1248,1274]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F054D3A24EDFE42FB39" box="[361,443,1247,1274]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B) is preserved in a
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054E9C24EDFC11FB39" box="[719,1000,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Belemnitella mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
(Schlotheim, 1813) rostrum from the Upper Cretaceous of Misburg near Hannover,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA5B9F054F5C250EFC84FADE" box="[783,893,1283,1309]" name="Germany" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, deposited in the collections of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E00A9C34BA5B9F054970250EFD69FA83" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Institut für Geowissenschaften und Geographie</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="050E5095BA5B9F054EC8252BFD24FA83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF:050E5095BA5B9F054EC8252BFD24FA83" box="[667,733,1318,1344]" country="Germany" municipality="Institut fur Geowissenschaften und Geographie" name="Halle" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Halle</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA5B9F054EBA252BFCAFFA83" box="[745,854,1318,1344]" name="Germany" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="5077AE35BA5B9F054F35252BFB95FA83" box="[870,1132,1318,1344]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">MLU.Mäg1937.IV.10</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5B9F064CEE2565FC4AFEAF" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F054CEE2565FED6FA41" blockId="45.[189,303,1384,1410]" box="[189,303,1384,1410]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5B9F054CEE2565FED6FA41" bold="true" box="[189,303,1384,1410]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054CEE2565FED6FA41" bold="true" box="[189,303,1384,1410]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5B9F064CEE259BFC4AFEAF" blockId="45.[189,1399,1430,2020]" lastBlockId="46.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
As noted above, the considerable morphological range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054F0C259AFC1BFA73" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[863,994,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054F0C259AFC1BFA73" box="[863,994,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">D. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
questions the validity of a number of other ichnotaxa characterised by strongly anastomosing networks of channels or shallow tunnels. As a consequence, a number of ichnospecies are herein lumped within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F05485725D0FB70FA35" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[1028,1161,1500,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F05485725D0FB70FA35" box="[1028,1161,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">D. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as subjective junior synonyms. This concerns
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054DB8260DFD45F9D9" authorityName="Elias" authorityYear="1957" box="[491,700,1536,1562]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clionidae" genus="Cliona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fenestralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054DB8260DFD45F9D9" box="[491,700,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cliona fenestralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F054F2B260DFBF1F9D9" author="Elias" box="[888,1032,1535,1562]" firstAuthor="Elias" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="370 - 427" refId="ref50116" refString="Elias M. K. 1957. Late Mississippian fauna from the Redoak Hollow Formation of southern Oklahoma, part I. Journal of Paleontology 31: 370 - 427." type="journal article" year="1957">Elias (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a sponge biotaxon, based on a single natural cast in a Carboniferous brachiopod. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5B9F054F1E262EFC4DF9FE" box="[845,948,1571,1597]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is currently lost but the morphological resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054D2E264AFDFDF9A3" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[381,516,1606,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054D2E264AFDFDF9A3" box="[381,516,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">D. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is evident from the original illustration alone (reproduced in
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F0548AA264BFA90F9A2" box="[1273,1385,1606,1633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The second junior synonym is
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054E642664FCC3F940" box="[567,826,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Cicatricula
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054E942664FCC3F940" authorityName="Palmer & Palmer" authorityYear="1977" box="[711,826,1641,1667]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="retiformis">retiformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F054FB22664FAF4F940" author="Palmer & Palmer" box="[993,1293,1641,1667]" firstAuthor="Palmer" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="179 - 199" refId="ref52419" refString="Palmer T. J. & Palmer C. D. 1977. Faunal distribution and colonization strategy in a Middle Ordovician hardground community. Lethaia 10: 179 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1977. tb 00608. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Palmer & Palmer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from an Ordovician hardground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F054DB92681FDA4F964" box="[490,605,1676,1703]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its preservation as an anastomosing network of open channels does not merit retaining a separate ichnospecies, let alone ichnogenus. The third junior synonym is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054CEE26D9FE1AF92E" authorityName="Elias" authorityYear="1980" box="[189,483,1748,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garsonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054CEE26D9FE1AF92E" box="[189,483,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Dictyoporus garsonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5B9F054EF426DEFCC1F92E" author="Elias" box="[679,824,1747,1773]" firstAuthor="Elias" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="272 - 277" refId="ref50147" refString="Elias R. J. 1980. Borings in solitary rugose corals of the Selkirk Member, Red River Formation (late Middle or Upper Ordovician), southern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 17: 272 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 80 - 023" type="journal article" year="1980">Elias (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on traces in an Upper Ordovician rugose solitary coral and characterised as a combination of larger, surficial to epilithic anastomoses grading into smaller, endolithic tunnels in the periphery of the trace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F054FD82714FC14F8F7" box="[907,1005,1817,1844]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Reinvestigation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5B9F0549432714FA8EF8F0" box="[1296,1399,1817,1843]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
showed that the diagenetic alteration and state of preservation render such a distinction problematic, and the body fossil preservation of epilithic algae thalli (according to Elias the part of the trace shown at the top of
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5B9F054D66278EFE6AF85D" box="[309,403,1923,1950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[189,1401,265,1500]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
|
||
) is herein questioned. These features more likely present mineralised infills of either shallow etched channels or exposed parts of endolithic tunnels, and both of these features are well within the morphological range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5B9F054E5527C7FD72F820" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[518,651,1993,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5B9F054E5527C7FD72F820" box="[518,651,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">D. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The trace also appears to be very common in Silurian skeletal carbonates, such as reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA589F064E642106FCE8FEE6" author="Bundschuh" box="[567,785,267,293]" firstAuthor="Bundschuh" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref49875" refString="Bundschuh M. 2000. Silurische Mikrobohrspuren: Ihre Beschreibung und Verteilung in verschiedenen Faziesraumen (Schweden, Litauen, Grossbritannien und USA). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany." type="book" year="2000">Bundschuh (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the informal names Dendroid-Form A and C, with the two forms again illustrating the morphological variability of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA589F064FB42122FB93FE8A" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[999,1130,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Dictyoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA589F064FB42122FB93FE8A" box="[999,1130,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">D. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which agrees with the appearance of this trace in epoxy casts of Cretaceous specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |