1369 lines
174 KiB
XML
1369 lines
174 KiB
XML
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<mods:affiliation id="66848022031B4ED20B9395867EBFDCC9">Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105 - 900, Santa Maria / RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="50122168A1F32BCB0CC763ECBF25BF17">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="18AA228494D6C066A05B4C3C4CF8F161">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="9C88ABE6991AEDC45705B6EBD5F799DB" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:identifier>
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="9ED19D394D89FF4B817A251BF4EBA2C9" authority="Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2 (2): 544. 1832." authorityName="Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2 (2): 544. 1832." family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2(2): 544. 1832.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="CBB8C81393FAB9D3B34B5E1863F92843" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 34. Generic relationships in tribe Caesalpinieae. The most likely positions of the unsampled genera Stenodrepanum and Hultholia are indicated with dashed lines [following Gagnon et al. (2019)]. For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7ED9DFAD038A0CF4033C36717B1C6C89" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 35. Flowers of Caesalpinieae A Tara spinosa Britton & Rose, Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 3043) B Cenostigma pluviosum (DC.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis var. pluviosum, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Wood et al. 26552) C Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., Cuba (Lewis 1853) D Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India E Pomaria burchellii (DC.) B. B. Simpson & G. P. Lewis, Botswana Ghanzi district F Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) G Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Honduras H Erythrostemon melanadenius (Rose) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Hughes et al. 2091) I Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Africa J Guilandina bonduc L., India K Gelrebia trothaei (Harms) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Tanzania. Photo credits A E Gagnon B, F-H CE Hughes C GP Lewis D VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / group / wild _ orchids _ of _ india / observation / show / 335155), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides E O Bourquin, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127200 & image _ id = 6) I P Van Wyk J M Sanjappa K PJ Cribb." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 35</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="02AADE8C43C6ABABCD90F73CD72F90D2" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 36. Fruits of Caesalpinieae A Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon B Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico (Lewis 2057) C Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart, Paraguay, (Fortunato 8650) D Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Ulibarri, Peru, Arequipa, (Hughes et al. 2342) E Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos, Chile (Baxter et al. DCI 1859) F Zuccagnia punctata Cav., Argentina, Mendoza G Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Somalia H Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) I Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil J Libidibia paraguariensis (Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) K Coulteria mollis Kunth, Guatemala (Lewis et al. 1714) L Cenostigma pluviosum var. cabralianum (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil (Lewis et al. 2019) M Pomaria jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., USA. Photo credits A AA Dreyer B, I, K, L GP Lewis C RH Fortunato D, H, J CE Hughes E P Baxter F Italo Specogna, Flora mendocina (http: // www. floramendocina. com. ar / clase _ 3 / zuccagnia _ punctata _ p 9558. html) G M Thulin M P Alexander, SEINet Arizona Chapter (https: // swbiodiversity. org / seinet / imagelib / imgdetails. php? imgid = 253949)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014709" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 36</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="10D8083B3EFBF454C92A83245CFC0D61" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 37. Fruits of the Caesalpinieae A Gelrebia rubra (Engl.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia B Moullava spicata (Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharashtra C Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India D Guilandina bonduc L., Madagascar E Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Zimbabwe F Ticanto sinensis (Hemsley) R. Clark & Gagnon, China (Clark 415) G Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 2227) H Mezoneuron kauaiense (H. Mann) Hillebr. I Mezoneuron andamanicum Prain, Thailand (Clark 251). Photo credits A Dave U, iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / photos / 41085094) B P Awale, Flowers of India (http: // www. flowersofindia. net /) C VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / observation / show / 335158), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides D GP Lewis E BT Wursten, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127190 & image _ id = 1) F, I P Suksathan G CE Hughes H D Eickhoff, https: // www. flickr. com / photos / dweickhoff / 4822012867 / in / photostream /." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014710" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 37</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B5DBE990AF37DF77505DCFE3FF04DB60" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 38. Vegetative traits of the Caesalpinieae A Hoffmannseggia minor (Phil.) Ulibarri, Bolivia B Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon C Moullava spicata (Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharastra D Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., undersurface of leaflets showing glands, Somalia E Pomaria austrotexana B. B. Simpson, USA, Texas F Small tree of Erythrostemon nicaraguensis (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (Hawkins et al. 4) G Leopard bark of Libidibia paraguariensis (D. Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) H Lenticelled bark of Erythrostemon nicaraguensis (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (Hawkins et al. 4) I Young flush of leaves of Cenostigma pluviosum var. intermedium (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (Lima et al. 7901) J Fluted trunk of Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico, Oaxaca, (Hughes 1947) K Prickles on woody protuberances on a young trunk of Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (Lima et al. 7909) L Recurved spines of Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash, (Hughes et al. 3055). Photo credits A GP Lewis B AA Dreyer C Shivaprakash, iNaturalist (https: // inaturalist. ca / observations / 81864757) D M Thulin E WR Carr F-H, J CE Hughes I, K, L E Gagnon." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014711" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 38</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="393F2C7545BFF4E5A99960943D98E3AC" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 39. Distribution of Stuhlmannia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014712" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 39</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="EA29AF7A86BCEE292FD8CCD109F6E99A" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 40. Distribution of Cordeauxia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014713" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 40</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="D2F25AD8AF103DAD6260866E8803EE56" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 41. Distribution of Cenostigma based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014714" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 41</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0A1AFEB9FF8E6E578A90C5C143874993" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 42. Distribution of Libidibia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014715" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 42</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="31DD60FB361E5386F5D8C2CA6EFCBCBF" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 43. Distribution of Balsamocarpon based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014716" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 43</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="BB3882B8D26C4D9FB91627AFAB4995EF" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Zuccagnia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014717" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 44</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="AC27104B01397BA691EDF75EA90D902A" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 45. Distribution of Hoffmannseggia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014718" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 45</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="FC5DE0A8AE728E8CC1D4F942AD457EDA" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 46. Distribution of Stenodrepanum based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014719" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 46</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16D663284B921729ADF31962A475FA75" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 47. Distribution of Erythrostemon based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014720" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 47</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B1F1DD334D06940DA611125DF8AB34BC" captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 48. Distribution of Pomaria based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014721" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 48</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="FAF263653E8D38A5741F250DCFE9D30D" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 49. Distribution of Arquita based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014722" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 49</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="05268C0C93D1635E3D2B97D2B1E42DB4" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F57" captionText="Figure 50. Distribution of Hererolandia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014723" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 50</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="880AF32D07AAFCB8CBC035C0D5279B30" captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 51. Distribution of Haematoxylum based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014724" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 51</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3B1BCA6571D4858293070C3D7CEE7ED8" captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 52. Distribution of Lophocarpinia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014725" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 52</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8942D94E78016EA3992633CBE263AA67" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 53. Distribution of Caesalpinia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. The distribution of Caesalpinia pulcherrima in Sonora and Guatemala is based on specimen records that morphologically appear to be non-cultivated, but the exact native distribution of the species remains difficult to ascertain because it has been widely cultivated for a long time. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014726" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 53</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E8FE854D648F7139FEB386FD1D0C4236" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 54. Distribution of Denisophytum based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014727" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 54</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E1C0B1E3BA5101E4083DC8DF5F81BC50" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 55. Distribution of Paubrasilia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 55</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="AA188CEDD234A684663AE254A6D2C299" captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 56. Distribution of Coulteria based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014729" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 56</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="55A1A469ECA4E9D7F6DF8C1FAC25B8A6" captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 57. Distribution of Tara based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014730" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 57</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCD9F5AEA5FFE49F64B1F1AE817B6618" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 58. Distribution of Gelrebia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure58" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 58</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4500030AA88D857D3D796D5C39BCE89" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F66" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution of Guilandina based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 59</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="2BCD483BDB8F238C47741107B49C9060" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F67" captionText="Figure 60. Distribution of Hultholia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014733" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 60</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="39602037D4D8EC6A879AF2CDE38C3C15" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 61. Distribution of Moullava based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014734" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 61</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="6788016FE6613A1917999E773F24F5CA" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F69" captionText="Figure 62. Distribution of Biancaea based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records of native specimens. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014735" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 62</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8CF3766241FD9E73BB59352928F5B32" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F70" captionText="Figure 63. Distribution of Pterolobium based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014736" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 63</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="768D23272256597024952EE074B31830" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F71" captionText="Figure 64. Distribution of Mezoneuron based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014737" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 64</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBC1E633528B932C15E9C9D2A384CCAD" captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 65. Distribution of Ticanto based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014738" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 65</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="201CD6EEBA55C728C5188EC99E46E687" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D2B3BAA5EA73FDCA3C03672312D0DA98" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Poincianeae Nakai, Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 253. 1943. Type:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B702639CB1F97EDA431CE04E5B35B83F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poinciana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poinciana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Poinciana</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6952F6CAFF5BA43A282267417F871D64" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caesalpinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3A190336E1E6EEB75EB0D4696C973C86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D1698F1CA4D28DC687B08192DB95F84" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E265DDC2F5AC90E6842EBAA4FE2E1C18">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A013504E34A7799DDF520E32110B763" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53EA3CE52F7C93ABD4AC4AB07D3B4F56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED8BBA1D33D062558A74C19898F6BA89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="827CF32330CBA15F882A835D78A3C288" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="included genera">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE63A81521CD50FD569F92FD63B82D5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included genera</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03A3938E9D0CF4825CA8A1D2460B9AE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5A720F5660B17ABDB0C5CEDDEA1CE98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(27).</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02C0D75CDAE5AF5956DFBB3AA536DB29" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arquita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arquita" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F06135260D44868BBBAE84BA2B8E7E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Arquita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagnon, G.P. Lewis & C.E. Hughes (5 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7322489F11FC8413D0CC778E69586B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Balsamocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balsamocarpon" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="194ED5C0A0710EAB939D976484559094" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Balsamocarpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clos (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="530062F3273A4B28D88ADA90D183AEA9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Biancaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Biancaea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B6B81FA56DEC382726BA0C2A919252E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biancaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tod. (6),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B27D6106DD348A0E656C24968B3E9400" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="39124898A31F589243C30364BAF55527" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (9),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6A5D0177C9A0A2CA822A14CC2FE8624" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cenostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenostigma" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8EC4D952B1F02CBAAE4332EDA6CF5A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tul. (15),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B048E74B870A79B5FAB328939E93483" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Cordeauxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordeauxia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E904175E673EFB399DFC6544F3607" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordeauxia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hemsl. (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAF1B8B763581AC6FD8D74BC37002F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Coulteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coulteria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D2F0FB923BF2E1556E49F6E9FA55F5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coulteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth (11),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E502EE8140FFC9ECB792F0F6B23BB2E2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Denisophytum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Denisophytum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1FEF8257B32CF638D9C1749CCA0F907" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Denisophytum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
R. Vig. (8),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FA03C9EBBF4C7E5D64BC1EF391530D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C153DF1F0F20984FDA5BD9046EC29588" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Klotzsch (31),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B3EF13EB89CD00C031AE806343B432B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gelrebia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gelrebia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE16807C77CAB215B8063E0A5864A7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gelrebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagnon & G.P. Lewis (8),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24137ACEE849A6880B131C290234793B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD5B1338535C978A951D857A382EEEE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (up to 20),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EB77483BF0EE2A75BE0481D7021567B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Haematoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haematoxylum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="68B87D500063B1853A10BCF7C29CAB7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haematoxylum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (5),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F3B69B7931380362EC69CA430F2941C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hererolandia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hererolandia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="087EEE0020BF76DF4AAA4148B247308D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hererolandia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagnon & G.P. Lewis (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85265BA3D999638C509B221D7E6324C8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hoffmannseggia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hoffmannseggia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="11F5C8268E40E30FE69BE1C04BBB05C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoffmannseggia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cav. (23),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A48AE1D27467AE9536C3DA5A32DE9A4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="35393714763705402F07263D222ADFB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagnon & G.P. Lewis (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD4D0A55D662BC1295B4F327FEEC9FD5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Libidibia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Libidibia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F784574A6F2F78BE8CFBDA7C5402B83B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Libidibia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DC.) Schltdl. (7),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A47DC8CCAB13A958225C92D19DBD7E1E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lophocarpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophocarpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0441311E6AF841F9FAB8E7480A28DC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lophocarpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Burkart (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0208DED7AC74D5CFBE9FEE3BE8E423F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Mezoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mezoneuron" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4BEFDB23A879FD4FD2A8BCEC47E2F31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mezoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Desf. (24),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D762F711C15BB952EC8CCCD89C9B0E3B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Moullava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Moullava" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E953A2344E68F909CF834EC31A5D5147" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moullava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Adans. (4),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75C07FD12BAB05887405334A81A46DB6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Paubrasilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paubrasilia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12B9FCED23C831FA2F6FB70F49945B16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paubrasilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagnon, H.C. Lima & G.P. Lewis (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="424929EF7499A07BE377FC258FBF2BF6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pomaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pomaria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CAC313DE740251CED05E3B10A44DF66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pomaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cav. (16),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B54AEC387EBA5CBC26B390F9D2EB4B57" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterolobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterolobium" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEECFF490BFECCCC3E1F02AA421A9901" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pterolobium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
R. Br. ex Wight & Arn. (10),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4267F235A382A6C2193AD8D03B26F24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Stenodrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenodrepanum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="349507966AECA560895C4BF72D10F827" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stenodrepanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harms (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4678C826E398BD1BE75D52FDF58C612E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Stuhlmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stuhlmannia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD1E8CBFF09AEBC43BEFE575EF24DFC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stuhlmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Taub. (1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FABCE6E1DD668B3E695E3C03F4D00CA0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Tara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tara" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B98E1DC3322CFF0A47A78B766D141904" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Molina (3),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C1BC1B5D40D989F89215133595B4FD2" family="Leguminosae" genus="Ticanto" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ticanto" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BB2659C46B9E78D8DDE90186386449C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ticanto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Adans. (9),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E1FE15DC04F596CC1FD72544C476725" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zuccagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zuccagnia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0868470E7FED9A9C1B4711C58536A89B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zuccagnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cav. (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31446DF811E2FDB9AFB02F6AF2092AB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E64759B3A20AFCEDCDB581A304E6B32" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC59756A2DE113A82E5F6B4D7E728A1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Trees, shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, sometimes scandent, often with prickles, thorns, glands, or glandular hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="452B997F6765F0F19C497F309A200E7E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipules</emphasis>
|
||
(best seen on young flush foliage and on seedlings) variable across the tribe, ranging from minute, lanceolate-deltate to triangular, ovate, or orbicular, sometimes foliaceous, the margins sometimes ciliate-fimbriate, persistent, caducous, or apparently lacking (at least on mature leaves).
|
||
<emphasis id="DF897F1622DE9227587057E145C16CC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
pinnate or bipinnate.
|
||
<emphasis id="A0B9A967A1C0798C0AC6D85865B9A48C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
terminal and/or axillary racemes or panicles; bracteoles absent; pedicels often jointed.
|
||
<emphasis id="AA9C14EBC53CC3D989FD22E21953AFF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
zygomorphic, or rarely almost actinomorphic; hypanthium usually present (rarely a short calyx tube); sepals generally free to hypanthium-rim, the lowermost sepal modified, often forming a hood (cucullate) over the other four sepals in bud, imbricate to valvate; petals 5, the median (innermost) petal usually clearly differentiated; stamens 10, all similar, the filaments usually hairy, especially basally, and sometimes glandular, anthers mostly dorsifixed, introrse; pollen tricolporate monads, mostly spherical, surface reticulate and with granular-membraned margos surrounding weakly developed colpi (a margocolpus); ovary subsessile to short-stipitate, stigma usually crateriform.
|
||
<emphasis id="DC0254F6FB2A4C635F48713B0420217E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
diverse, 1-several-seeded.
|
||
<emphasis id="24B381B7E5C7AA9AB32FEA75FDEB5514" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
, flattened, or globose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C1D01F10FC186D2638DF834648A26A2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C2810EE19DDE8B044C5E43653CC5D405" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="881293A4BB51DF5BBF8821151635AE1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The tribe is pantropical, found predominantly in seasonally dry tropical forests and shrublands, but extending in a subset of clades into tropical and warm temperate savannas, tropical wet forests, and tropical coastal habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6FEC62883E34A8FEC0D602012C882AF0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1994 - 2008" refId="B300" refString="Gagnon, E, Ringelberg, JJ, Bruneau, A, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2019. Global succulent biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). New Phytologist 222 (4): 1994 - 2008, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633" title="Global succulent biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633" volume="222" year="2019">Gagnon et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7918C65CD6D672C9DE2F57066B2D6333" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="clade-based definition">
|
||
<paragraph id="822CDF01AD257E49655E369C4F068433" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clade-based definition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AFD21B2EBAE3C66B4AECCFE8084ADC2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The most inclusive crown clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BF099D6E3FE2AE852724ED93011B2E5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia brasiliensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A75A24BE419CF4154F688EB5A0CE8B9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="338E6F755AE6D4B458A65BDE012F9447" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon gilliesii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilliesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="92CA08789B1789A72552409A8C7FAD96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon gilliesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.) Klotzsch, but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFEFC2395E33558EB696E6D8DB2F26AE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cassia fistula" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fistula">
|
||
<emphasis id="E35D8A1E540E91B999B0DB10DE45B4F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cassia fistula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97BDF4D3E6D0E17459605AEDAE19EB4B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Dimorphandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dimorphandra conjugata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conjugata">
|
||
<emphasis id="582BBAC881FE72B819967156D10C98B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dimorphandra conjugata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Splitg.) Sandwith or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65388D40B3E9C4798700396812F073C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Mimosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mimosa sensitiva" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sensitiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FF4719B592CE6B21A610C04305B18F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mimosa sensitiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="97C6D62E24659183F8F93794D1AF4678" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 34. Generic relationships in tribe Caesalpinieae. The most likely positions of the unsampled genera Stenodrepanum and Hultholia are indicated with dashed lines [following Gagnon et al. (2019)]. For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F9581EEF777B927FEAC59D1840ADF682" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 34" startId="F41">
|
||
<paragraph id="C023E971BFE4CD329CDE367ED64AC1C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE640D6A728328867E7DDD6AEBAB4B46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 34.</emphasis>
|
||
Generic relationships in tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06AAC3EBA1AF9809461FFBE2C2D51ACA" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The most likely positions of the unsampled genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F8833890AB71D3B384392664C7FE73" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Stenodrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenodrepanum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E58752E58AC037A14BEC0AA96197C4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stenodrepanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD0BECCE3CF5BB0E293E646A82F0215B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="875A2766071EFC5EBE32475BBF61F990" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indicated with dashed lines [following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="889E6EF5DA3262E137148315EE6F3345" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1994 - 2008" refId="B300" refString="Gagnon, E, Ringelberg, JJ, Bruneau, A, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2019. Global succulent biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). New Phytologist 222 (4): 1994 - 2008, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633" title="Global succulent biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633" volume="222" year="2019">Gagnon et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="15EEF474C21AD893625C42E4059920E3" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 6. Generic relationships in tribe Ceratonieae. Left part of figure shows complete genus-level Caesalpinioideae phylogeny with the Ceratonieae indicated with a red rectangle. Branch lengths are expressed in coalescent units and terminal branches were assigned an arbitrary uniform length for visual clarity. Support for relationships is based on fractions of supporting and conflicting gene trees: pie charts show gene tree support and conflict per node (blue representing supporting gene trees, green gene trees supporting the most common alternative topology, red gene trees supporting further alternative topologies, grey gene trees uninformative for this node), and numbers above pie charts are Internode Certainty All support values [both calculated with PhyParts (Smith et al. 2015)]. If present, red numbers below pie charts are non-significant (i. e.> 0.05) outcomes of ASTRAL's polytomy test (Sayyari and Mirarab 2018), which tests for each node whether the polytomy null model can be rejected. Monophyletic genera are represented by single branches; see Suppl. material 2 for a phylogeny with all accessions. See Suppl. material 3 for gene tree support across the phylogeny. The phylogeny is a pruned version of the backbone phylogeny of Ringelberg et al. (2023), where full details of the data and phylogenomic analysis methods are presented." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
caption (page 63).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57BD68A695FAE7A922B7D3911761DA5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="9FB083511AF1518641362E2A69E33663" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A95C2A81A3D54BBA43A3029E5353FB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The tribe comprises ca. 223 species (the number of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7EB0016808629C84CD649DD878217CB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="35571420486881E8783EA50CD37E1EFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unresolved) in 27 genera. The tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83C08214927532BCA631185CF4222B1A" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C6462EA57C95FACEB50739978315AD7" author="Reichenbach, HGL" journalOrPublisher="Flora Germanica Excursoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination=": 544" refId="B697" refString="Reichenbach, HGL, 1832. Tribe Caesalpinieae Rchb., Tribe Ceratonieae Rchb. Flora Germanica Excursoria 2 (2): 544" title="Tribe Caesalpinieae Rchb., Tribe Ceratonieae Rchb." volume="2" year="1832">Reichenbach (1832)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="15DA1A1E390783611B205F2281FD6E56" author="Bentham, G" editor="Bentham, G" journalOrPublisher="1. London, L. Reeve & Co." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="434 - 600" refId="B70" refString="Bentham, G, 1865. Leguminosae. In: Bentham, G, Hooker, JD, Eds., Genera Plantarum, vol. 1. London, L. Reeve & Co.: 434 - 600" title="Leguminosae." volumeTitle="Genera Plantarum, vol." year="1865">Bentham (1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 562) recognised the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82FB89817F00A5BA304B880EB8D7BB1A" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a suborder comprising 12 tribes, one of which, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="847BD63F6D8E320B0DA8169BC0E89B27" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Eucaesalpinieae">Eucaesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, included 16 genera, six of which are retained in the present circumscription of tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08178A5504A077B7246FB10DF85E9518" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="18294A5F677AE1C20FF86448229BFDB3" author="Bentham, G" editor="Bentham, G" journalOrPublisher="1. London, L. Reeve & Co." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="434 - 600" refId="B70" refString="Bentham, G, 1865. Leguminosae. In: Bentham, G, Hooker, JD, Eds., Genera Plantarum, vol. 1. London, L. Reeve & Co.: 434 - 600" title="Leguminosae." volumeTitle="Genera Plantarum, vol." year="1865">Bentham (1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 566) divided the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA835D78506832169A618115C08A4D94" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B2C21A6DD26DC061F5243BD436B2800" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into ten sections, six of which have become additional genera currently recognised in tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D3F09A7C141D68548C27494738F5C93" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13ECA640E03F7F231208B76ECCE52648" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA2EB61C7DBCCA940EE1543E4B8873" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE26011E19CA7E8D9ED6DEECC90DAA5B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A29F4FD206783CEC118B319F3F157CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E36CA45F452EE2B046B84EA855F194EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pomaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pomaria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82009DCCC1E88F6DE96CBEC0E10DE742" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pomaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16EA4DB02892777B74573A6D0569854A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Balsamocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balsamocarpon" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEF69ADE6A59F7F9139738799B5BC492" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Balsamocarpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69A182DFF4DDECD69088D4B1D054C2C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Coulteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coulteria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42127355FB02041C192EEC79EEB8186B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coulteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E3D31050383EEEFE53F50459011B69" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Libidibia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Libidibia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="33A46BC9B99B32FE16FABF6AAD1679CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Libidibia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="83CD8E5F050804B753DBAC6EBC9EA39D" author="Polhill, RM" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 95" refId="B669" refString="Polhill, RM, Vidal, JE, 1981. Tribe 1. Caesalpinieae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 81 - 95" title="Tribe 1. Caesalpinieae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1." year="1981">Polhill and Vidal (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
divided the tribe into eight informal generic groups, one of which, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99A16A106683DA2E7C50FD2E9A15D68A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caesalpinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, comprised 16 genera. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3CE01DF9516200AEA3268FBD499F3CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caesalpinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
group was defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22D8C79F88820684D8BA08DB69259B04" author="Polhill, RM" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 95" refId="B669" refString="Polhill, RM, Vidal, JE, 1981. Tribe 1. Caesalpinieae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 81 - 95" title="Tribe 1. Caesalpinieae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1." year="1981">Polhill and Vidal (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to include genera with species that have a large variety of glandular trichomes, prickles and spines as a defense mechanism, and possessing zygomorphic flowers with a somewhat modified lower sepal and stamens crowded around the pistil. This informal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D47BA1027D28E07D171CBD34E2FA8B89" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caesalpinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
group remained largely intact in the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A61E9E6073FB1BB9A18728A9118B2C03" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8EF5961A967CE91D50D3A7DAF462848F" author="Lewis, GP" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B471" refString="Lewis, GP, 2005b. Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127-161." title="Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127 - 161." year="2005 b">Lewis (2005b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although a handful of additional segregate genera were recognised from within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33392BDDE0F50D6A551028B27C1EAD24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2FB6CAD124E8A269FDBCAE3B53E57C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu lato, and three genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F3F9F87406D37A4100FE70A4F885A90" author="Polhill, RM" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 95" refId="B669" refString="Polhill, RM, Vidal, JE, 1981. Tribe 1. Caesalpinieae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 81 - 95" title="Tribe 1. Caesalpinieae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1." year="1981">
|
||
Polhill and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="180E10760A0088E29F74AA01963FE7E7" originalValue="Vidal’s">Vidal's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1981)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
group were transferred to the core
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C063823074C73ECE02EC5B7EE6326EEB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Peltophorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peltophorum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Peltophorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
group [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E387D048185027F2042B91C9104D5F98" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Conzattia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conzattia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BB1683580E2F0D79FA30464B2EC79CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conzattia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rose,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE23D9726E15C92B919BCAB4CBBAB5EB" authorityName="H.Perrier de la Bathie" authorityYear="1939" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lemuropisum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lemuropisum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C50954D7B613F6BCD5FE8815D2DCF2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lemuropisum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
H. Perrier (now a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E17645997BC1425BEB21C09AD5067C7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Delonix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Delonix" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EAFCAC70F10B6F06FDE5E3A404C08A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Delonix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Raf.) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C97B62AA164441DD3B28CF375CCD4957" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Parkinsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parkinsonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A15A4C6CF9B0B288BF86421B7BAFA56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Parkinsonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., now tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69FE6C8AC4E6A516B59F0134A686CBB3" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Schizolobieae">Schizolobieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see page 146], so that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D48B5CCB205ACECF76759A612C228FAA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caesalpinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
group then comprised 21 genera. Studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F47BFEF022E3FD6621DE96A444108C4D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.027" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="111 - 127" refId="B297" refString="Gagnon, E, Lewis, GP, Sotuyo, JS, Hughes, CE, Bruneau, A, 2013. A molecular phylogeny of Caesalpinia sensu lato: Increased sampling reveals new insights and more genera than expected. South African Journal of Botany 89: 111 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.027" title="A molecular phylogeny of Caesalpinia sensu lato: Increased sampling reveals new insights and more genera than expected." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.027" volume="89" year="2013">Gagnon et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="898DC7D20F94FEA75A43519AEDBEC844" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/643.6" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="468 - 490" refId="B298" refString="Gagnon, E, Hughes, CE, Lewis, GP, Bruneau, A, 2015. A new cryptic species in a new cryptic genus in the Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae) from the seasonally dry inter-Andean valleys of South America. Taxon 64 (3): 468 - 490, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/643.6" title="A new cryptic species in a new cryptic genus in the Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae) from the seasonally dry inter-Andean valleys of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/643.6" volume="64" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) demonstrated the non-monophyly of some of these 21 genera and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7508D1F761D77E6598926795EBCD58F0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B299" refString="Gagnon, E, Bruneau, A, Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, 2016. A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" title="A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" volume="71" year="2016">Gagnon et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and a robust species-level sampling, published a new generic system for the pantropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="904317B6B1696050940561F5CBE1885A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caesalpinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="832BD0C210F26CF8C2EAE56A825A88F3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B299" refString="Gagnon, E, Bruneau, A, Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, 2016. A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" title="A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" volume="71" year="2016">Gagnon et al.'s (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25A5617E30F317FF521C5B0224B9FCA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caesalpinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
group clade is strongly supported by the study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A838EC321CC20718E60CD1A3B864FA0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" author="Ringelberg, JJ" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 58" refId="B712" refString="Ringelberg, JJ, Koenen, EJM, Iganci, JR, Queiroz, LP, Murphy, DJ, Gaudeul, M, Bruneau, A, Luckow, M, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2022. Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" title="Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Ringelberg et al. (2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EF8F537B6B77681457B8559CE889AE1E" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 34. Generic relationships in tribe Caesalpinieae. The most likely positions of the unsampled genera Stenodrepanum and Hultholia are indicated with dashed lines [following Gagnon et al. (2019)]. For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is here reinstated as tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8863DCFF2928C30840609F32DD7A3F7" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the type genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9856660B1CFC839AF472AF840F052DDC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E00F7078AEFE23316770D6247F3A3CDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nested.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7E5C2F8D146D1614A50FE1154C24F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Although there are no unique diagnostic morphological synapomorphies for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CD8E66725B6C8BAC5C490BA822E5C53" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it can be recognised by a combination of features, including the presence of glandular trichomes, prickles or spines, bilaterally symmetrical flowers with a somewhat modified lower sepal, and free stamens crowded around the pistil, although none of these characters are ubiquitous within the tribe. Flowers vary greatly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="795521015B110A6068CE2088F51B5F22" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 35. Flowers of Caesalpinieae A Tara spinosa Britton & Rose, Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 3043) B Cenostigma pluviosum (DC.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis var. pluviosum, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Wood et al. 26552) C Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., Cuba (Lewis 1853) D Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India E Pomaria burchellii (DC.) B. B. Simpson & G. P. Lewis, Botswana Ghanzi district F Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) G Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Honduras H Erythrostemon melanadenius (Rose) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Hughes et al. 2091) I Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Africa J Guilandina bonduc L., India K Gelrebia trothaei (Harms) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Tanzania. Photo credits A E Gagnon B, F-H CE Hughes C GP Lewis D VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / group / wild _ orchids _ of _ india / observation / show / 335155), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides E O Bourquin, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127200 & image _ id = 6) I P Van Wyk J M Sanjappa K PJ Cribb." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35</figureCitation>
|
||
) and can be strongly modified depending on pollination system, and fruits across the tribe are extremely diverse (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C452E901AF586D7971A662ED76F799B5" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 36. Fruits of Caesalpinieae A Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon B Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico (Lewis 2057) C Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart, Paraguay, (Fortunato 8650) D Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Ulibarri, Peru, Arequipa, (Hughes et al. 2342) E Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos, Chile (Baxter et al. DCI 1859) F Zuccagnia punctata Cav., Argentina, Mendoza G Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Somalia H Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) I Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil J Libidibia paraguariensis (Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) K Coulteria mollis Kunth, Guatemala (Lewis et al. 1714) L Cenostigma pluviosum var. cabralianum (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil (Lewis et al. 2019) M Pomaria jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., USA. Photo credits A AA Dreyer B, I, K, L GP Lewis C RH Fortunato D, H, J CE Hughes E P Baxter F Italo Specogna, Flora mendocina (http: // www. floramendocina. com. ar / clase _ 3 / zuccagnia _ punctata _ p 9558. html) G M Thulin M P Alexander, SEINet Arizona Chapter (https: // swbiodiversity. org / seinet / imagelib / imgdetails. php? imgid = 253949)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014709" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CD4C0727BC18EEE5A61B59C2A68F9327" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 37. Fruits of the Caesalpinieae A Gelrebia rubra (Engl.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia B Moullava spicata (Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharashtra C Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India D Guilandina bonduc L., Madagascar E Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Zimbabwe F Ticanto sinensis (Hemsley) R. Clark & Gagnon, China (Clark 415) G Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 2227) H Mezoneuron kauaiense (H. Mann) Hillebr. I Mezoneuron andamanicum Prain, Thailand (Clark 251). Photo credits A Dave U, iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / photos / 41085094) B P Awale, Flowers of India (http: // www. flowersofindia. net /) C VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / observation / show / 335158), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides D GP Lewis E BT Wursten, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127190 & image _ id = 1) F, I P Suksathan G CE Hughes H D Eickhoff, https: // www. flickr. com / photos / dweickhoff / 4822012867 / in / photostream /." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014710" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37</figureCitation>
|
||
) reflecting a striking variation in seed dispersal strategies. Some leaf, armature and fruit characteristics can be used to distinguish genera and delimit the major clades of the tribe (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FC077B40BF2DCD103B61BBAA90A83D0E" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 38. Vegetative traits of the Caesalpinieae A Hoffmannseggia minor (Phil.) Ulibarri, Bolivia B Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon C Moullava spicata (Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharastra D Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., undersurface of leaflets showing glands, Somalia E Pomaria austrotexana B. B. Simpson, USA, Texas F Small tree of Erythrostemon nicaraguensis (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (Hawkins et al. 4) G Leopard bark of Libidibia paraguariensis (D. Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) H Lenticelled bark of Erythrostemon nicaraguensis (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (Hawkins et al. 4) I Young flush of leaves of Cenostigma pluviosum var. intermedium (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (Lima et al. 7901) J Fluted trunk of Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico, Oaxaca, (Hughes 1947) K Prickles on woody protuberances on a young trunk of Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (Lima et al. 7909) L Recurved spines of Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash, (Hughes et al. 3055). Photo credits A GP Lewis B AA Dreyer C Shivaprakash, iNaturalist (https: // inaturalist. ca / observations / 81864757) D M Thulin E WR Carr F-H, J CE Hughes I, K, L E Gagnon." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014711" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38</figureCitation>
|
||
). The phylogenomic analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7FE7C1CAFD6278F302B0107A49E4000" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" author="Ringelberg, JJ" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 58" refId="B712" refString="Ringelberg, JJ, Koenen, EJM, Iganci, JR, Queiroz, LP, Murphy, DJ, Gaudeul, M, Bruneau, A, Luckow, M, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2022. Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" title="Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Ringelberg et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
support two major clades in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18A50C829117E60080DE7A5903F3CD24" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also largely resolved in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66B3B3812F7C997AABA33BFA682CE848" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B299" refString="Gagnon, E, Bruneau, A, Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, 2016. A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" title="A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" volume="71" year="2016">Gagnon et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, one primarily composed of species with bipinnate leaves [clade I of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="293334B9CFDCB19B6100B745DF4684AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B299" refString="Gagnon, E, Bruneau, A, Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, 2016. A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" title="A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" volume="71" year="2016">Gagnon et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FFA71BBDD2FAFAC94E5E31A7BDE35D9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A65073DD4EF5D954EC477D0689CFEE2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.s.] and the other grouping species with a terminal pinna [clade II of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F805A56C7B010ECB8715A060C81B2369" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B299" refString="Gagnon, E, Bruneau, A, Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, 2016. A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" title="A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" volume="71" year="2016">Gagnon et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A520763706076F5420AE658390783A4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cenostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenostigma" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD710DDB6D69CC8FB4CD0E8F974D1C22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sister genera] (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3375F4BBF6AA1249B6C6041BD8C9369B" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 34. Generic relationships in tribe Caesalpinieae. The most likely positions of the unsampled genera Stenodrepanum and Hultholia are indicated with dashed lines [following Gagnon et al. (2019)]. For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
). The two clades above also have differing defence strategies. With the exception of the unarmed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7868C4CBEA27C91CD7ABF367D14907C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Coulteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coulteria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36945FC308F66BF33E20D04D363C6475" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coulteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the bipinnate leaf clade is characterised by the presence of spines and prickles along the branches, as well as having idioblasts. Although unresolved in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A70B89DBEE58E5E8F489E3734CB59" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B299" refString="Gagnon, E, Bruneau, A, Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, 2016. A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" title="A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" volume="71" year="2016">Gagnon et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the spinescent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5678EF83EB907A172F750DCD24ED074" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lophocarpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophocarpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2E3F33AAB69709507758B559A5811A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lophocarpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9495D2A460F47159158837E451BCAEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Haematoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haematoxylum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA4E63A8F59E92D9A5942F3AE01660FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haematoxylum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C95E1A4C81FB09FD72F9A28269499BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hererolandia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hererolandia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E65A4431E6E777F242CA3380CE7C7F55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hererolandia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are now also shown to be resolved as sister to this clade in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17290355DFBD4F7F695BAA1233702F89" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" author="Ringelberg, JJ" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 58" refId="B712" refString="Ringelberg, JJ, Koenen, EJM, Iganci, JR, Queiroz, LP, Murphy, DJ, Gaudeul, M, Bruneau, A, Luckow, M, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2022. Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" title="Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Ringelberg et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Likewise, the other clade is characterised by the lack of thorns, and the presence of multicellular glandular structures on the stems, leaves and/or inflorescences (very rarely found elsewhere in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37233E28CD8742B5BD9B9CB5A0F03AFA" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDDDC48815B8C06F2BFF3D91805285C8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Coulteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coulteria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6DE98AC0F08CD078D4DB15A036F4513" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coulteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5535684DF78541A59130FD8E4770B0F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Tara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tara" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E90A610F1983402CBCBB8C01D9C7A5DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38575483B22470EE3A35EDC5BF594EFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F40CE4AB75B9AEFCE76CF1841402556" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and is here shown to also include the unarmed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB6238F9608AF4C153AAE020966728C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Stuhlmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stuhlmannia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C55BE4F5F048BC617C62126BF34DCF7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stuhlmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A51BC4D2E77850352541561A35268D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Cordeauxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordeauxia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB4C5508A3AC126E7E404522552A7AE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordeauxia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two taxa that were unresolved in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D73E433475F39A458C017074B791118" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B299" refString="Gagnon, E, Bruneau, A, Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, 2016. A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" title="A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203" volume="71" year="2016">Gagnon et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The nearly mutually exclusive distribution of external glands vs. spines+idioblasts gives some support to the idea that these structures constitute alternative plant defense strategies against herbivory (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="593A729313A50AC1C67F4DBB1ADFE90A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986254" author="Lersten, NR" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 255" refId="B464" refString="Lersten, NR, Curtis, JD, 1994. Leaf anatomy in Caesalpinia and Hoffmannseggia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with emphasis on secretory structures. Plant Systematics and Evolution 192: 231 - 255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986254" title="Leaf anatomy in Caesalpinia and Hoffmannseggia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with emphasis on secretory structures." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986254" volume="192" year="1994">Lersten and Curtis 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A20ABDDC2D2BA99A00F094B27F9A281E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984746" author="Lersten, NR" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 39" refId="B465" refString="Lersten, NR, Curtis, JD, 1996. Survey of leaf anatomy, especially secretory structures, of tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 200: 21 - 39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984746" title="Survey of leaf anatomy, especially secretory structures, of tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984746" volume="200" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), even though the role and function of idioblasts and secretory glands in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFE2E3303D3FAE212C2BCCF9064DECAE" family="Caesalpiniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have yet to be studied in detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9C008177CCAEE5065CED5570A8B1F4FA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 35" startId="F42">
|
||
<paragraph id="4EF37857DC1974ACC87EBA05F0700014" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF4E45512FB1B10608C1FC2FFD4DA511" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 35.</emphasis>
|
||
Flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="258186D24291B51F44489ABE94354D32" family="Caesalpiniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5D9267E5ABF458147C21AFA89FF437FE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="563D36A7573E519332A42A247132F665" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Tara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tara spinosa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AAA6E28F82B482FC3E6C1FD18E7AC39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tara spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Britton & Rose, Peru, Ancash (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DA7B38A104379ECE1EA96124956976B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes et al. 3043</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="3BBA2103F0BE1DA20190D81022C5233D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DE31670523D6FF04C78357B637296D8" authority="(DC.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis var. pluviosum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cenostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenostigma pluviosum subsp. var. var. pluviosum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pluviosum" subSpecies="var." variety="pluviosum">Cenostigma pluviosum (DC.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis var. pluviosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (
|
||
<emphasis id="81B5F7C2BADAB8F54E2911E065E38ABA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood et al. 26552</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A51677A758BD9703C8B62866778CB606" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="155D061C30DD0916C5BB02710A4D4268" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia bahamensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5231A172944C919D2EF8AB2A4434813" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia bahamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lam., Cuba (
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE160D119E219FD077ABB121E89A05B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis 1853</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="83200FC98C60876CBD53F237E8458454" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="994C7F61D78FE02AA570490AD6A07600" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia mimosoides" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mimosoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA234A7F50496A521B5F7143508B4EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia mimosoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lam.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, India
|
||
<emphasis id="9CE28065DCE7A7A81CD82798699519DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E38753F387B9401BD8D235BCFE98F7C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pomaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pomaria burchellii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D0E0082A204C469ECC531A0C9E760CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pomaria burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DC.) B.B. Simpson & G.P. Lewis, Botswana Ghanzi district
|
||
<emphasis id="F3C91628430F20877986255525D3ECAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19DF8A5CD004841607D9003BB27FF206" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon coccineus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8323CA0492D5856108A493315DB6774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon coccineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.P. Lewis & J.L. Contr.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5B51BB6A9117F1DBCA772DB391381CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 1802</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="52402AC093DA20026CD362A8DB380CF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C1902A769B19FC6A312C13AE875D70B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia pulcherrima" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="07A0D7C43D657D9B25F98CA5B4994507" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Sw., Honduras
|
||
<emphasis id="E33331CE7D2BB7FC47CE9E43E2A97315" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC5A4EC6D9E858E795365F55F6CC13B5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon melanadenius" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanadenius">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F1B8E92A15CC5EDA9DC52B9FBAD536C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon melanadenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rose) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (
|
||
<emphasis id="7D4675ECAB3B1E6270A3A6F5EB3FC35E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes et al. 2091</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="75944F3BF07667F59EA295BDF770E75D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADC0B927CAE6DD0DB394067F57B1CA64" authorityName="Bruneau & de Queiroz & Ringelberg & Borges & Bortoluzzi & Brown & Cardoso & Clark & Conceição & Cota & Demeulenaere & de Stefano & Ebinger & Ferm & Fonseca-Cortés & Gagnon & Grether & Guerra & Haston & Herendeen & Hernández & Hopkins & Huamantupa-Chuquimaco & Hughes & Ickert-Bond & Iganci & Koenen & Lewis & de Lima & de Lima & Luckow & Marazzi & Maslin & Morales & Morim & Murphy & O’Donnell & Oliveira & Oliveira & Rando & Ribeiro & Ribeiro & Santos & Seigler & da Silva & Simon & Soares & Terra" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterolobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterolobium stellatum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BC5738DC55C8390DD64577B54F6D7CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pterolobium stellatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Forssk.) Brenan, Africa
|
||
<emphasis id="BA298621053F1CC28AEC74204CCEF6D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB23D7A7700B1BE08A803744EF937B83" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina bonduc" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bonduc">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5DF94A04DE80FBA44187938C7E336E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina bonduc</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., India
|
||
<emphasis id="12020E38BDF459E09C25A8397163F10F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C773E614922949AF275FAE6C52A0BAB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gelrebia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gelrebia trothaei" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trothaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="23F3F37B452C830504BF99F9FBFA47F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gelrebia trothaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Harms) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Tanzania. Photo credits
|
||
<emphasis id="E781D26AE0545D139BE639B096BBAF22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
E Gagnon
|
||
<emphasis id="66D59844EFBD3B65E8DD27C1A0C94A92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, F-H</emphasis>
|
||
CE Hughes
|
||
<emphasis id="DBD8B17B12F017AB65F4E9B898BF6E78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
GP Lewis
|
||
<emphasis id="95D8CBE06C83886F3ACD13C3AD78DE60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https://indiabiodiversity.org/group/wild_orchids_of_india/observation/show/335155), the basionym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A543F1F32C53B54C945B6D75E7247A60" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia mimosoides" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mimosoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C3284BA3B12EBFE5416AD94AE164B52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia mimosoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97779FEADB5CB2583C4BACC38D2EDDF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
O Bourquin, Flora of Zimbabwe (https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/image-display.php?species_id=127200&image_id=6)
|
||
<emphasis id="62293AF94024696F888C4CA48CA98586" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
P Van Wyk
|
||
<emphasis id="0926BE360B9184CDAFFEF8612F29DAED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
M Sanjappa
|
||
<emphasis id="E0DB25391313791C8309930CBF8ADA0E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
PJ Cribb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5BAF275CA7228AD507EA46CF5587E6CA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014709" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 36" startId="F43">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9F16890B4C775021320B45456E97A7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA8E8C82ACB79081758228C2C6FA19C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 36.</emphasis>
|
||
Fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="369AE2BC58CCDCDBD01DD6CDB00A09AB" family="Caesalpiniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B831ACBEEB71BF5984D4CB9926C38D56" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09A249D843AE90E803C491E37454BE76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hererolandia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hererolandia pearsonii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pearsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="10163318B5245E53B596E5DCF07BD6CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hererolandia pearsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L. Bolus) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon
|
||
<emphasis id="2CE5CA9785A9C5E3152E9A05723CBC35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4656EF1E0DB479D35C7C93B6150F79FB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Haematoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haematoxylum brasiletto" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiletto">
|
||
<emphasis id="A949CCE44D99CF92819BF0AE77B5F404" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haematoxylum brasiletto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
H. Karst., Mexico (
|
||
<emphasis id="22FD0A09552E67BD089B4633D4F47ADC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis 2057</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="8DA3FB47C2D27FF97822C1222527FA0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A5B31FC5C6F57860BD5ACAEB5A5E4F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lophocarpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2289C2F50776527E34E55C529ECF5BBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Burkart) Burkart, Paraguay, (
|
||
<emphasis id="409CF84D43D651C65A126A7EC34E6D73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fortunato 8650</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ABB06E758AAC4B34FCC9D03502601F8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5A6DE6D350664823FA1C5803842DFD8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hoffmannseggia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hoffmannseggia arequipensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arequipensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0938BB171277E6A6FB1798478A28D5AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoffmannseggia arequipensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ulibarri, Peru, Arequipa, (
|
||
<emphasis id="D14C3D0F72FB7508613D6BEFCD788496" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes et al. 2342</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="3936D314C27709B87A8FD681F5921425" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFD4581FAD43C7CD2F00055E15C5B084" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Balsamocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balsamocarpon brevifolium" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC86A8A9255BCF7D2CA31D8BDE02E75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Balsamocarpon brevifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clos, Chile (
|
||
<emphasis id="823E070BA78249BD48AA37970B0018AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baxter et al. DCI 1859</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1D2318465C9A4A2014D574E2C7893722" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9290B07ABD6429158DD5E796D6AA6A7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zuccagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zuccagnia punctata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFFED9270BC64037D923ED302B9F3B0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zuccagnia punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cav., Argentina, Mendoza
|
||
<emphasis id="2C66F74CDBC08C1BEC55643BC6EB019A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E5252842250A57C852D32FAC60EDFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Cordeauxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordeauxia edulis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18F1CB933169B6540E5982ACE331CC0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordeauxia edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hemsl., Somalia
|
||
<emphasis id="45C05BC1F66042343972DFEA1FA90212" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37C7A7D2B3652ABA272BAB92B94EB176" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon coccineus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A98AC7CA16A73DF9D36B867DF1E2F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon coccineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.P. Lewis & J.L. Contr.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (
|
||
<emphasis id="FCB9AE22D67FDE01AA71BFA6DF2E0B4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 1802</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="E5736133464343576B0F4E5BCF5FC4E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE73FE78DF2D8D5AC47A18CC1E4F590" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Paubrasilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paubrasilia echinata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="31DE7B3BD78B32FAF3948AB8C7E5555F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paubrasilia echinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lam.) Gagnon, H.C. Lima & G.P. Lewis, Brazil
|
||
<emphasis id="4AADADC8CB3F5E00AA0060EF64A7DA49" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A6E255CD50C79B9E3BC5E08B5A601E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Libidibia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Libidibia paraguariensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3F7C49F7AEB6EEE0CE9099FA0A86EAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Libidibia paraguariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Parodi) G.P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (
|
||
<emphasis id="6DCF233FCF7C1436778BA31E6ED8725F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes 2475</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="9E4A16C54772CAEE6A108A3D7222D663" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45152A1A103FAA7B9F07C8951A6FF5A8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Coulteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coulteria mollis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3156D4358A52BCD0A32494D352ACB195" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coulteria mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth, Guatemala (
|
||
<emphasis id="E10CEBB992C419F23381F17BB173B6C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 1714</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="BF56B06720AA3B4152F6DC521D9ABA3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E42DEEF1C04645E2C0E4ADA511AFB60B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cenostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenostigma pluviosum subsp. var. var. cabralianum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pluviosum" subSpecies="var." variety="cabralianum">Cenostigma pluviosum var. cabralianum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.P. Lewis) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Brazil (
|
||
<emphasis id="48E3F47F8B2B48271164D9D75832C111" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 2019</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1D492172CE711F75DB52EE9D2B12B061" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8777D5CA852B497276B0A3AB1138B4B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pomaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pomaria jamesii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B75C6CB291E12386211283B3432FFD19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pomaria jamesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., USA. Photo credits
|
||
<emphasis id="B6DDE724154860814BB3C5772CEFCFCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
AA Dreyer
|
||
<emphasis id="61A33C9ACCD8D00944374375C506C1EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, I, K, L</emphasis>
|
||
GP Lewis
|
||
<emphasis id="FD41169EE7478F9FDCA938C68B3135F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
RH Fortunato
|
||
<emphasis id="20E3DBF383CE6881059E0A06CBA5F15E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, H, J</emphasis>
|
||
CE Hughes
|
||
<emphasis id="ABA1C89E508F4CFB1637F8BEECA9F558" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
P Baxter
|
||
<emphasis id="2B26607619DD0ACCF94411843B2EC33E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
Italo Specogna, Flora mendocina (http://www.floramendocina.com.ar/clase_3/zuccagnia_punctata_p9558.html)
|
||
<emphasis id="FA63CEBE37B3BFC3F73EA07C6F9A1C30" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
M Thulin
|
||
<emphasis id="41AF10EFF9C3807233228A6558ED78DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||
P Alexander, SEINet Arizona Chapter (https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/imagelib/imgdetails.php?imgid=253949).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="98759E61E9D1064B0FF4C614929590D4" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014710" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 37" startId="F44">
|
||
<paragraph id="050DAD1607E3ED44E772AECD059746CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="254E14C48E7F6A9273E6045A82AF184F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 37.</emphasis>
|
||
Fruits of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="678A9EDBB86D53CFF3C4288720F60D7E" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FAB9C448224C61042CFD86EF7581AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC1AA678084BE3AB334A628EA568FCAE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gelrebia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gelrebia rubra" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D1FD436357EF96531A6ED12AAD1E7FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gelrebia rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Engl.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Namibia
|
||
<emphasis id="32ABEC3FE8A6DC27DB4ED660DC8F0EEE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47AFE173B7761C5851397A9DF51692F2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Moullava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Moullava spicata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="511F231F0B675553134D3F265D6A5D46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moullava spicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharashtra
|
||
<emphasis id="C01B82283E11DD7EFB8AB90147F63BE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A311356B4FCA7AE0DB3F242F002E2EA7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia mimosoides" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mimosoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="76AC52BFA099AF65970403CB0F45375C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia mimosoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lam.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, India
|
||
<emphasis id="FA82E90B2FD4623FD2ACBCF48C6D6C5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F741D15BE6FD0EBFC5A1D68E9FF612E2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina bonduc" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bonduc">
|
||
<emphasis id="FCD337B32A6CF03FA0C16D0514D14303" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina bonduc</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., Madagascar
|
||
<emphasis id="10341566DDFB1F57A093FA0466F451DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="611E07A1B3E65A7F50EA3B66EFC92F1A" authorityName="Bruneau & de Queiroz & Ringelberg & Borges & Bortoluzzi & Brown & Cardoso & Clark & Conceição & Cota & Demeulenaere & de Stefano & Ebinger & Ferm & Fonseca-Cortés & Gagnon & Grether & Guerra & Haston & Herendeen & Hernández & Hopkins & Huamantupa-Chuquimaco & Hughes & Ickert-Bond & Iganci & Koenen & Lewis & de Lima & de Lima & Luckow & Marazzi & Maslin & Morales & Morim & Murphy & O’Donnell & Oliveira & Oliveira & Rando & Ribeiro & Ribeiro & Santos & Seigler & da Silva & Simon & Soares & Terra" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterolobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterolobium stellatum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="319B5D5C881AB410D45C89D858FEEF81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pterolobium stellatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Forssk.) Brenan, Zimbabwe
|
||
<emphasis id="00E7535ED21B1DA56964D95694C13983" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE6F3C60C6A93779C299A13256DD1E1D" family="Leguminosae" genus="Ticanto" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ticanto sinensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E4F478C3ED8DFF0F409B0D8D18C7E4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ticanto sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hemsley) R. Clark & Gagnon, China (
|
||
<emphasis id="AB8B42A1E877D87DCA125E6456BCA62F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clark 415</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="4360F2CDE19412B428DE7B27FB04C6F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2FBE1A82FBA02AE6C13FFD2FA8B262F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Biancaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Biancaea decapetala" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decapetala">
|
||
<emphasis id="11AF623F0763390CA8A156E417205B5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biancaea decapetala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash (
|
||
<emphasis id="6C691C47D2D4E3C176152E777FEDE04F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes et al. 2227</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1780F3AD05FE891D7ED048ACA4F53AF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4759BF845D6A361B36CFDCBA2270D928" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Mezoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mezoneuron kauaiense" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kauaiense">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B6FAD0087F90DDF9D43B4B8BD5F2F7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mezoneuron kauaiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H. Mann) Hillebr.
|
||
<emphasis id="ABEB692B6B1C33D3744B2BF564EFB100" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="706610B2F12DB7223D541993E3D40835" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Mezoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mezoneuron andamanicum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andamanicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A5B477F09EF5D89B7794FA518CF6FB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mezoneuron andamanicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prain, Thailand (
|
||
<emphasis id="98CD675127513CF43EB426EB4DD35D69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clark 251</emphasis>
|
||
). Photo credits
|
||
<emphasis id="DA6F7E366BBB238C7B74D0427ECA6E71" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
Dave U, iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/41085094)
|
||
<emphasis id="9A86E990F3B0CBA62E31C9C73D97C20C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
P Awale, Flowers of India (http://www.flowersofindia.net/)
|
||
<emphasis id="05858AD2B747388D3FEAE1820AD43356" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https://indiabiodiversity.org/observation/show/335158), the basionym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA12418CD31EA55E5FAE26305673A0FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia mimosoides" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mimosoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B59536FFEC10AA03FAAA6C39257E33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia mimosoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9588C1DE715B23839ECCDB16FC524D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
GP Lewis
|
||
<emphasis id="BC886C67D037B1AA88A73F8D682FC5A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
BT Wursten, Flora of Zimbabwe (https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/image-display.php?species_id=127190&image_id=1)
|
||
<emphasis id="AF99F8D30F59BB6100C80194883EB987" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, I</emphasis>
|
||
P Suksathan
|
||
<emphasis id="B5C0B63A54319AF4307079C6E4F472DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
CE Hughes
|
||
<emphasis id="78295946931883E4B9DF35AE639C0B56" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
D Eickhoff, https://www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/4822012867/in/photostream/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="ED00B7B1C6475D11F3CED263D024B4C8" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014711" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 38" startId="F45">
|
||
<paragraph id="D97A541D8125653A7BA6D7CCEE7C2458" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="27FB8FBF1AFAAD17911226E40888025D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 38.</emphasis>
|
||
Vegetative traits of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AFE2E8FC2FFD1E3C654782F821F4BD" family="Caesalpiniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="66CF282A06ABF55EBB20763B8532AC24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A7167D4407B57EE9ED6C0396BE87F7B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hoffmannseggia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hoffmannseggia minor" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="575598B8776FD37867619755E8C98C6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoffmannseggia minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Phil.) Ulibarri, Bolivia
|
||
<emphasis id="E1514A20CF2F117261AD5F4ADC867279" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49A55DDE3243BD02FF3F3150303BC929" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hererolandia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hererolandia pearsonii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pearsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="47E278110D03DF68B5DC55911744A913" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hererolandia pearsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L. Bolus) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon
|
||
<emphasis id="BD45E6820BA95F1F2CFBDFB87FDC82A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="142985B1EAC3560034EF55D14B1946B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Moullava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Moullava spicata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="99696B0FA534ED83FCF014FC55BB6EB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moullava spicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharastra
|
||
<emphasis id="9820C84DE3F35C8801D667EDCCB908A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AD9B7BD2A46C2A82DC3209C53D566D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Cordeauxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordeauxia edulis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6776BF31144F68D38FFB2FE0EE8B17A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordeauxia edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hemsl., undersurface of leaflets showing glands, Somalia
|
||
<emphasis id="A3ED7CAE454B4D9CB3B123A4A8D737E0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0699D293995EB31DF451A71F1532CC0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pomaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pomaria austrotexana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austrotexana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0206A2A30150202D93A07D5FC332B26C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pomaria austrotexana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B.B. Simpson, USA, Texas
|
||
<emphasis id="335D2329BDC8C702EB25E62DE81EB5BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
Small tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58E2897B2DF3C01D0098C495DD51F8FA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon nicaraguensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ED07BA785F7BE0EBAF14813583961D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon nicaraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.P. Lewis) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (
|
||
<emphasis id="8BE8E0D48E014D0304FED3A0ACBED8CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hawkins et al. 4</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="27D942BBAFD98861EDF96A6D28B3A43D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
Leopard bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84E51BF12DF3A9557D55653EB6C0AF71" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Libidibia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Libidibia paraguariensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2ACE3B05881234451FD2124BFFE4ED47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Libidibia paraguariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D. Parodi) G.P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (
|
||
<emphasis id="F2271DD67D12321140A238AD9522FDC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes 2475</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="97588D86ACFEEA2A98140231DF4EAB97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
Lenticelled bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="946293F276EF2D89F24267DC3B3DF92D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon nicaraguensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE1712D22E02735DCFC3764B466C272D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon nicaraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.P. Lewis) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (
|
||
<emphasis id="29A044CA652E51CE7CD7DEF3E17177A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hawkins et al. 4</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AACA5374034FB3EA9F79A86E019163F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
Young flush of leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA3BE61D8111B74F21E2A6C145059190" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cenostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenostigma pluviosum subsp. var. var. intermedium" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pluviosum" subSpecies="var." variety="intermedium">Cenostigma pluviosum var. intermedium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.P. Lewis) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (
|
||
<emphasis id="B3811C852EF3FC7BA8CBFE89DBE5FD3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lima et al. 7901</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B735C1CBD03AEA434ADE1AD5346F85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
Fluted trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="351A8A6A907F216B293157E80D73C799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Haematoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haematoxylum brasiletto" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiletto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BF1AB2D3CAAB4BD4D313AEC1A5C83CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haematoxylum brasiletto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
H. Karst., Mexico, Oaxaca, (
|
||
<emphasis id="2B65F54BD792245FB39C7C049DA56736" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes 1947</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AE51536C8960A1B6836A882F8EB90F53" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
Prickles on woody protuberances on a young trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A3D95A5454D75BC22B9927282571D43" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Paubrasilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paubrasilia echinata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="15C3C6C624DCD5DEEE3C4D4E69448678" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paubrasilia echinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lam.) Gagnon, H.C. Lima & G.P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (
|
||
<emphasis id="3C77D21E973CCE7CAF52DD2A51F97A8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lima et al. 7909</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="044B3FF858B848B2C77E075B94A705CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||
Recurved spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C6B57C67EF37677FA71A43DB101B544" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Biancaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Biancaea decapetala" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decapetala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C77E3D31393F35EC3376A62EA0481742" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biancaea decapetala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash, (
|
||
<emphasis id="06AC741E19C2BA3EDF9FEBC1C46D354F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hughes et al. 3055</emphasis>
|
||
). Photo credits
|
||
<emphasis id="866FFFF962E3C104AC11902C90B9CDBA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
GP Lewis
|
||
<emphasis id="255ADC79F29ADE631F401706036BA069" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
AA Dreyer
|
||
<emphasis id="BA0871C09564515AD5270E532406802C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
Shivaprakash, iNaturalist (https://inaturalist.ca/observations/81864757)
|
||
<emphasis id="F4C2F03AE6A1934E573D2A53DB3DDFFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
M Thulin
|
||
<emphasis id="80840C6704E586B9991808402F753532" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
WR Carr
|
||
<emphasis id="1B167AF66386A221F78DFCBD10305E2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-H, J</emphasis>
|
||
CE Hughes
|
||
<emphasis id="E4E37196E326F77C1B96D6897BD07E74" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I, K, L</emphasis>
|
||
E Gagnon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D479DB12182F0C8141954C2B1C45DA31" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
At the generic level, fruits are highly variable and taxonomically more useful than flowers. Several of the genera can be differentiated based on fruit characteristics. For example, the fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D10EDCBE4ED5C1007D4BF11AB9820DCF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Balsamocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balsamocarpon" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CDC5FA9CB85D4882CAC2196B0731AAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Balsamocarpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08DBEEA7C021CC0B611C876412AE8C9B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Cordeauxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordeauxia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3698E5F4EBD8192121DBDFBD910213F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordeauxia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="723399EDDFD49C453945B0E26402139D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Coulteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coulteria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70609A43314C8144A9E202A24746F256" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coulteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB1F461364E91C12FE06C9EA15DDC7FC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Cenostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenostigma" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECCFCA6A8E25E546EF7B2EFE6D287986" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ECF4BC057E8958ECB065CA62FE104C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDA68C9AACE9292AED79E26C7163893" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B5BD777490A829BC9ED433CB3D5098C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Haematoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haematoxylum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D0DD993C43028E41DC9DFB14E447A04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haematoxylum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="890FCE8449A32DB8D9FCE412DA415C4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hererolandia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hererolandia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC56EDFD4B45FAB9D7F8C8CBECE8D6A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hererolandia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F50DC0CD6875175237D57ACBC4B4494" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" genus="Hultholia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hultholia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9908678E7DA1C520F474D029E1EEC97F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hultholia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="166A6E7E7678F0B97D3CCD9F9FCE56C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Libidibia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Libidibia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86673B8073089AABFB57059BC346D5E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Libidibia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10D227D39CCA86343980A4797BB7EDFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lophocarpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophocarpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="238ED7E01EA11132892D8C724741E3E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lophocarpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9A8155B65C565AF97285EB76404B3BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Moullava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Moullava" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFC376665F7636516D06ADEB2E7FEF13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moullava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E196EE06FF85BE13B2E4ED155E15ECAF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Paubrasilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paubrasilia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B7E6B3811441AB605665F599162F45F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paubrasilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="963E9864074E175A6BABACD9A71C31DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterolobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterolobium" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEB658141BDAE8BC8F8175CA751C33CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pterolobium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BE153CDD0926BBF3CEAF6E8B7CF8640" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zuccagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zuccagnia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60433E8EC48376E9036BB742E5B05AE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zuccagnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all distinctive and provide useful diagnostic synapomorphies for these genera (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="455F9661023B1B37F73587F5E3900537" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 36. Fruits of Caesalpinieae A Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon B Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico (Lewis 2057) C Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart, Paraguay, (Fortunato 8650) D Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Ulibarri, Peru, Arequipa, (Hughes et al. 2342) E Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos, Chile (Baxter et al. DCI 1859) F Zuccagnia punctata Cav., Argentina, Mendoza G Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Somalia H Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) I Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil J Libidibia paraguariensis (Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) K Coulteria mollis Kunth, Guatemala (Lewis et al. 1714) L Cenostigma pluviosum var. cabralianum (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil (Lewis et al. 2019) M Pomaria jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., USA. Photo credits A AA Dreyer B, I, K, L GP Lewis C RH Fortunato D, H, J CE Hughes E P Baxter F Italo Specogna, Flora mendocina (http: // www. floramendocina. com. ar / clase _ 3 / zuccagnia _ punctata _ p 9558. html) G M Thulin M P Alexander, SEINet Arizona Chapter (https: // swbiodiversity. org / seinet / imagelib / imgdetails. php? imgid = 253949)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014709" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="23FE1271703417F0980C32BF49BE58B9" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 37. Fruits of the Caesalpinieae A Gelrebia rubra (Engl.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia B Moullava spicata (Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharashtra C Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India D Guilandina bonduc L., Madagascar E Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Zimbabwe F Ticanto sinensis (Hemsley) R. Clark & Gagnon, China (Clark 415) G Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 2227) H Mezoneuron kauaiense (H. Mann) Hillebr. I Mezoneuron andamanicum Prain, Thailand (Clark 251). Photo credits A Dave U, iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / photos / 41085094) B P Awale, Flowers of India (http: // www. flowersofindia. net /) C VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / observation / show / 335158), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides D GP Lewis E BT Wursten, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127190 & image _ id = 1) F, I P Suksathan G CE Hughes H D Eickhoff, https: // www. flickr. com / photos / dweickhoff / 4822012867 / in / photostream /." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014710" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, only a few floral synapomorphies are diagnostic at the generic level: for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A39CCF044AAA3055DA1317F63CAD309F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F89C5F6B385D13D47FE012B518886B72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have sepals that are valvate in bud; unisexual flowers are only present in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ACDFDF93B28423FA813B44FEA16CAB9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Coulteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coulteria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8325B31F17E53995DD20B098CBD2B2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coulteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFC3ED8EA63E33D6FDF83483C4945DE5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BC872CB81D531E799BFFC4AB3CD6E81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BE34A06EB72E35E343A6BDB53C31BE7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Balsamocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balsamocarpon" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F034C0AE3BA3C177F3225988F3F86066" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Balsamocarpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8DE4D5B144EE009DF510C1324A914C1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zuccagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zuccagnia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D6A29C0FCAAAB205325798011D15F7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zuccagnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB1F041AFEE0A6EDC2B7853A75CE5088" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hoffmannseggia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hoffmannseggia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCCE924E91781657DA5068329F8F3B91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoffmannseggia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sepals are persistent until fruiting (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="863856FAC14618B2C42FAAC97A4049C3" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 36. Fruits of Caesalpinieae A Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon B Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico (Lewis 2057) C Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart, Paraguay, (Fortunato 8650) D Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Ulibarri, Peru, Arequipa, (Hughes et al. 2342) E Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos, Chile (Baxter et al. DCI 1859) F Zuccagnia punctata Cav., Argentina, Mendoza G Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Somalia H Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) I Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil J Libidibia paraguariensis (Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) K Coulteria mollis Kunth, Guatemala (Lewis et al. 1714) L Cenostigma pluviosum var. cabralianum (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil (Lewis et al. 2019) M Pomaria jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., USA. Photo credits A AA Dreyer B, I, K, L GP Lewis C RH Fortunato D, H, J CE Hughes E P Baxter F Italo Specogna, Flora mendocina (http: // www. floramendocina. com. ar / clase _ 3 / zuccagnia _ punctata _ p 9558. html) G M Thulin M P Alexander, SEINet Arizona Chapter (https: // swbiodiversity. org / seinet / imagelib / imgdetails. php? imgid = 253949)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014709" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36</figureCitation>
|
||
); and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEB34EEEDF06EAA390009A8A6D73FBDD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pomaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pomaria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C61802E3419A1EEB5924D5203BC338" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pomaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the androecium and gynoecium are cupped in the lower cucullate sepal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A626F763BECD78B6455504B0760CA9CC" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 35. Flowers of Caesalpinieae A Tara spinosa Britton & Rose, Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 3043) B Cenostigma pluviosum (DC.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis var. pluviosum, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Wood et al. 26552) C Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., Cuba (Lewis 1853) D Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India E Pomaria burchellii (DC.) B. B. Simpson & G. P. Lewis, Botswana Ghanzi district F Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) G Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Honduras H Erythrostemon melanadenius (Rose) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Hughes et al. 2091) I Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Africa J Guilandina bonduc L., India K Gelrebia trothaei (Harms) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Tanzania. Photo credits A E Gagnon B, F-H CE Hughes C GP Lewis D VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / group / wild _ orchids _ of _ india / observation / show / 335155), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides E O Bourquin, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127200 & image _ id = 6) I P Van Wyk J M Sanjappa K PJ Cribb." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In general, however, floral morphology within subclades of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE702EBAEA911DE2FAFFC0875F835F23" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly variable reflecting differences in pollination syndromes, including examples of melittophily, chiropterophily, psychophily, phalaenophily and ornithophily, sometimes occurring among closely related congeneric species (e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9A0BC127567647CCAFA241802A43E96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="942C3276A5158B0E98473FDA5856D028" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.s. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A1A3B260E0DBEAD94C7CEFCA53BB313" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrostemon" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="282F021CA3C7FA7A648162AD079F8795" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrostemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="27FF1DBECC0EE835A2E421032B2FB5CE" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 35. Flowers of Caesalpinieae A Tara spinosa Britton & Rose, Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 3043) B Cenostigma pluviosum (DC.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis var. pluviosum, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Wood et al. 26552) C Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., Cuba (Lewis 1853) D Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India E Pomaria burchellii (DC.) B. B. Simpson & G. P. Lewis, Botswana Ghanzi district F Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) G Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Honduras H Erythrostemon melanadenius (Rose) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Hughes et al. 2091) I Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Africa J Guilandina bonduc L., India K Gelrebia trothaei (Harms) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Tanzania. Photo credits A E Gagnon B, F-H CE Hughes C GP Lewis D VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / group / wild _ orchids _ of _ india / observation / show / 335155), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides E O Bourquin, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127200 & image _ id = 6) I P Van Wyk J M Sanjappa K PJ Cribb." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35</figureCitation>
|
||
). These repeated floral morphologies across disparate members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87F7710E7D7F2C3E64BC454AE0DF0E4E" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest convergent evolution of similar pollination modes in multiple genera across the tribe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="803B50481119CB62E84A0BD33CDC5CF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The pollen details of individual genera are not easily extracted from the literature because so many generic names have been reinstated from within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F2F68ED0355B810BBC58C966A6DED21" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DB6E0DD2644BF7CAAC3F2AD06DEE5B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.l., or new genera described, since the palynological study of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A59EF08945D8814A7F668471A8E1B8C3" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2274AA9E94B6747A568158A4D5C56CA" author="Graham, A" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="801 - 834" refId="B320" refString="Graham, A, Barker, G, 1981. Palynology and tribal classification in the Caesalpinioideae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 801 - 834" title="Palynology and tribal classification in the Caesalpinioideae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2." year="1981">Graham and Barker (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In addition, the surface ornamentation of the pollen varies according to pollinator type and structural similarities occur in the pollen of species in distinct genera within the tribe. In consequence, pollen type is not recorded in the generic descriptions of this treatment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90971AEB746A8576E8FCB2D79B9D9E33" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
For an exhaustive list of accepted species names and synonyms in tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7E62CCE25ECC26BA7FC99A530B3B1E2" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Caesalpinieae">Caesalpinieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with their currently accepted equivalents see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0211EE4CEC3552BFD769FA9F92A12BF6" author="LPWG, [Legume Phylogeny Working Group]" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2304/about" refId="B506" refString="LPWG, [Legume Phylogeny Working Group], 2022. The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): Fabaceae (Govaerts R (Ed.), 2022.v2). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2304/about" title="The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): Fabaceae (Govaerts R (Ed.), 2022. v 2). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." url="https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2304/about" year="2022">LPWG (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |