treatments-xml/data/0D/75/16/0D7516E16016BB98C42B994E2D72A5BC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.11501" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a277665-e2b5-4344-ad62-e2579232f9aa" ID-PMC="PMC5396569" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-658-81" ID-PubMed="28435385" ID-ZBK="BCAE3E159A8E4791BC20C6747491C88C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-658-81" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 658" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Poropoea Foerster from Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Trichogrammatidae)" checkinTime="1487846613845" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Laudonia, Stefania, Viggiani, Gennaro &amp; Biondi, Silvano" docDate="2017" docId="0D7516E16016BB98C42B994E2D72A5BC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 658: 81-87" docOrigin="ZooKeys 658" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.11501" docTitle="Poropoea africana Laudonia &amp; Viggiani, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E2FA26B9-B944-4572-ABA3-902EAF14C926" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="1A58DE55FFF8F47DB25CFFDE4772FFFA" masterDocTitle="A new species of Poropoea Foerster from Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Trichogrammatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668164262878" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Poropoea Foerster from Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Trichogrammatidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Laudonia, Stefania</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Viggiani, Gennaro</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Biondi, Silvano</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>658</mods:number>
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
<mods:end>87</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.11501</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.11501</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-658-81</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BCAE3E159A8E4791BC20C6747491C88C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127889403" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2FA26B9-B944-4572-ABA3-902EAF14C926" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D7516E16016BB98C42B994E2D72A5BC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E2FA26B9-B944-4572-ABA3-902EAF14C926" authority="Laudonia &amp; Viggiani" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Poropoea africana Laudonia &amp; Viggiani</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-6
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
♀ (on slide). Gabon: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Ivindo">Ogooue-Ivindo</normalizedToken>
, Parc N. Ivindo, Station de Recherche de Ipassa, m a.s.l 500; 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="0.5119445">0°30'43&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="12.803333">12°48'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), June 2016, leg. Silvano Biondi. Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype. Holotype and paratype will be deposited in the Entomological collection of the Dipartimento di Agraria 
<normalizedToken originalValue="dell'Università">dell'Universita</normalizedToken>
degli Studi &quot;Federico II&quot;, Portici, Napoli, Italia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="82" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
The new species is easily distinguished from the known members of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Poropoea</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: female antennal club unsegmented; premarginal vein of the fore wing with a basal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“knot”">&quot;knot&quot;</normalizedToken>
and stigma of the stigmal vein black; lack of RS1 track in the fore wing; front and hind legs more robust than the middle ones, and with coxa and femur markedly enlarged; and ovipositor exserted for 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="83" start="start">one-third</pageBreakToken>
of the gaster length. For the lack of the RS1 track on fore wing, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Poropoea africana</taxonomicName>
shares this character only with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea bella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">Poropoea bella</taxonomicName>
Hayat et Poorani, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea longicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">Poropoea longicornis</taxonomicName>
Viggiani, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea orientalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Poropoea orientalis</taxonomicName>
Subba Rao, but it is unique in having the club unsegmented, a nodular premarginal vein, and the coxa and femur of the front and hind legs markedly enlarged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Female (Fig. 1): Body length 1.18 mm. Body dark brown and shiny, ocelli and eyes red; antennae, legs (except the yellow-ochraceous tarsi, front tibia, distal part of middle and hind legs), and exserted part of the ovipositor, concolourous with the body. Fore wing hyaline but with basal half of the sub costal vein, base of premarginal vein and stigma of the stigmal vein dark brown. Head lenticular, 2.6 wider than long. Maxillary palps 2-segmented and labial palps vestigial. Mandibles with two external acute teeth. Antennal formula 1,1,(2), 2,1 (Fig. 6); scape narrow, three times as long as wide; pedicel small, almost as long as wide; two small anelli present; first funicular segment clearly wider than the second one and 1.3 as long as wide; second funicular segment smaller than the first, 1.2 as long as wide; club coniform, unsegmented, 1.6 as long as the second funicular segment; antennal segments with short and scanty setae; funicular segments with two and club with three rows of longitudinal sensilla. Mesosoma rather flat, same plane and slightly longer than metasoma; pronotum short, mid lobe of mesoscutum as long as scutellum but slightly longer and wider, both with a shallow reticulate sculpture and with two pairs of setae; mid lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum without a longitudinal median groove; metanotum very short, with 2-3 transversal thickenings; propodeum medially slightly longer than metanotum with a pair of large, ovoid spiracles near the anterior margin of the sclerite and a thickened strand starting from the internal spiracle margin and reaching the middle of the propodeum. Fore wing (Fig. 5), twice as long as broad, with subcostal, premarginal, marginal, and stigmal vein ratios 23:10:8:8, premarginal vein with a basal nodule and with one seta; arched marginal vein which fails to attain the anterior wing margin, with three setae, stigmal vein with a short seta in the middle; blade without cilia from base to below the level of stigmal vein, with 15 rows of cilia distinct reaching the distal margin of the wing and with few small cilia between them, vein track RS1 lacking; fringe very short, the longest cilia 12.5 times shorter than discal area width. Hind wing with two rows of cilia along anterior margin and two rows of cilia along the posterior margin. Fore leg (Fig. 2) evidently enlarged, with coxa and femur each 1.8 times as long as broad; femur with an outer margin convex; tibia as long as femur length, with its distal end provided with a single spine and a short and bifid apical spur; tarsus shorter than tibia (30:40) with first two tarsomeres sub-equal, approximately twice as long as wide, third tarsomere slightly longer. Middle leg (Fig. 3) thinner than the fore leg, with femur 3.6 times as long as wide; tibial spur a little shorter than basitarsus, the latter narrow and a little shorter than the following two segments combined. Hind leg (Fig. 4) with femur enlarged, twice as long as broad; tibia 1.2 times the femur length and distally provided with a whorl of short, coniform spines, and with a robust spur, shorter than basitarsus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Metasoma shorter than mesosoma (48:41); ovipositor inserted at level of the first segment of gaster with the exserted part one-third as long as metasoma length; third valvulae nearly one-third the total length of the ovipositor; stylets very long.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="84" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
. unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
Figure 1-6. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Poropoea africana</taxonomicName>
, holotype female. 1 adult 2 fore leg 3 middle leg 4 hind leg 5 fore wing 6 antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">The name refers to the continent of the collection site.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Gabon, West-Central Africa.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
The new species is easily distinguished from the known members of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Poropoea</taxonomicName>
The markedly enlarged coxa and femur of the front and hind legs is an interesting character which appears to be clear adaptations to host parasitisation [probably for body stability and propulsive efficiency of the ovipositor], and not reported for any other species of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Poropoea</taxonomicName>
Similar features of the legs are present in the male of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Blastophaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blastophaga psenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psenes">Blastophaga psenes</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="superfamily" superfamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Agaonidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="family">Agaonidae</taxonomicName>
), a well-known gall maker and pollinator of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus carica" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">Ficus carica</taxonomicName>
and in other fig-wasps only (
<bibRefCitation author="Grandi, G" journalOrPublisher="Istituto Superiore Agrario di Bologna" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 147" title="Studio morfologico e biologico della Blastophagapsenes (L). 2 a edizione riveduta. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia del R." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/136308" volume="2" year="1929">Grandi 1929</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Hill, D S" journalOrPublisher="Leiden" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 55" title="Fig-wasps (Chalcidoidea) of Hong Kongs I. Agaonidae. Zoologische Verhandlingen." url="http://dare.uva.nl/cgi/arno/show.cgi?fid=149169" volume="100" year="1967">Hill 1967</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
Some characters of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Poropoea africana</taxonomicName>
, such as the antennal formula, the nodular premarginal vein, and the and modified legs, may suggest the inclusion of this species at least in a new subgenus, but this proposal is deferred until more material, including males, could be collected for a proper evaluation of these characters.
</paragraph>
<subSection pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="key to females of poropoea species lacking of the rs1 track in the fore wing">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
Key to females of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Poropoea</taxonomicName>
species lacking of the Rs1 track in the fore wing
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<table pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea longicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">Poropoea longicornis</taxonomicName>
Viggiani
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea orientalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Poropoea orientalis</taxonomicName>
Subba Rao
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea bella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">Poropoea bella</taxonomicName>
Hayat &amp; Poorani
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Poropoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poropoea africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Poropoea africana</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>