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<mods:title id="CB44F64A31279C351FE2A2C2408A89C0">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFF75917EFCCDA4A4" ID-CoL="8VM47" authority="Kobayashi, Johns &amp; Kawahara" authorityName="Kobayashi, Johns &amp; Kawahara" box="[151,836,1399,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF75917EFE3BA4A4" bold="true" box="[151,434,1399,1426]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Philodoria obamaorum</emphasis>
Kobayashi, Johns &amp; Kawahara
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBB075AFF759195FEAFA480" box="[151,294,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,206,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-20@37.[159,1429,201,1638]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19. Adults of Philodoria neraudicola (Swezey, 1920) and P. obamaorum sp. n. A P. neraudicola lectotype male, B Forewings of lectotype female, host Pipturus albidus, Maui, C P. obamaorum holotype male, D Paratype female, E Female (CLV017). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681851/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs. 19C–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBB075AFED39195FE02A480" box="[305,395,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,186,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-23@50.[201,1387,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 27. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. A P. dubauticola, male (CJ402/SK812), B P. dubautiella, male CJ524a/SK686), C P. hibiscella, female (CJ399/SK723), D Same species, male (CJ089/SK724), lateral view, E Same species, dorsal view, F Philodoria sp., male, host: Dubautia plantaginea, Maui (CJ352c/SK770), G Philodoria sp., female (CJ500), host: Dubautia plantaginea, Oahu, H P. naenaeiella (CJ188), abdomen missing, I P. neraudicola, female (CJ336/SK838), host: Pipturus albidus, J Same species, female (CJ369), host: Pipturus sp., K P. obamaorum, female (CJ423/SK844), L Same species, left forewing, M Same species, female (CJ403a/SK735), N P. touchardiella, female (CJ401a/SK764), O Same species, male (CJ401b/SK765), P P. marginestrigata, male (CJ165/SK760), host: Lipochaeta rockii, Q Same species, male (CJ187/SK771), host: Abutilon menziesii, R Same species, male (CJ379c), host: Sida fallax. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681869/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">27K–M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBB075AFE749195FE63A481" box="[406,490,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-23@92.[151,1436,181,1650]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 50. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E–J, L: Left valva, B, D, K, M: Right valva. A, B P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, C, D P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, E P. urerana, Oahu, paralectotype, SK671, F P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, G P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, H P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, I P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, J, K P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662, host: unknown, L Same species, Molokai, SK771, host: Abutilon menziesii, M Same species, Kauai, SK784, host: Sida, fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681919/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">50C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBB075AFE179195FDAEA481" box="[501,551,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,203,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@93.[207,1381,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681921/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">51B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBB075AFDD09195FDEAA481" box="[562,611,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">52B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBB075AFD8D9195FD4BA481" box="[623,706,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">59C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBB075AFD2F9195FCABA480" box="[717,802,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="114.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[170,1420,185,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-23@114.[164,1423,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 63. BPBM paratype, genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A, B: P. hesperomanniella paratype female, Oahu, Z-V-17-61 C, D: P. obamaorum paratype female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-V-18-61, E–G: P. obamaorum paratype male, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-1-26-61(3), H: P. haelaauensis, paratype female, Maui, Z-XII-19-62-24. A, C, H Female genitalia, ventral view, B, D, G Abdominal segments, E Male genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view, F Phallus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681945/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">63C–G</figureCitation>
.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFBB075AFF7591D2FD09A4C5" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[151,640,1499,1523]" page="386" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="1920">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFF7591D2FD09A4C5" authority="Swezey, 1920: 385 - 386" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="385 - 386" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,640,1499,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF7591D2FE0DA4C5" box="[151,388,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Gracilaria neraudicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBB075AFE6991D2FD09A4C5" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[395,640,1499,1523]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="376 - 386" refId="ref102521" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1920) Some new Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 4 (2), 376 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16149" type="journal article" year="1920">Swezey, 1920: 385–386</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBB075AFF7591F2FD6AA724" blockId="85.[151,971,1499,1615]" box="[151,739,1530,1554]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFBB075AFF7591F2FD6AA724" box="[151,739,1530,1554]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFF7591F2FD9EA724" authority="Swezey, 1920" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,535,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF7591F2FE09A724" box="[151,384,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Parectopa neraudicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBB075AFE6591F3FD9EA724" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[391,535,1530,1554]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="376 - 386" refId="ref102521" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1920) Some new Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 4 (2), 376 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16149" type="journal article" year="1920">Swezey, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFBB075AFDC391F3FD56A724" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[545,735,1530,1554]" page="191" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBB075AFDC391F3FD56A724" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[545,735,1530,1554]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey 1928: 191</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBB075AFF759211FC42A706" blockId="85.[151,971,1499,1615]" box="[151,971,1560,1585]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFBB075AFF759211FC42A706" box="[151,971,1560,1585]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFF759211FDA5A707" ID-CoL="4G8NP" authority="(Swezey, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[151,556,1560,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF759211FE0CA706" box="[151,389,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Philodoria neraudicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBB075AFE719210FDACA707" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[403,549,1561,1585]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="376 - 386" refId="ref102521" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1920) Some new Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 4 (2), 376 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16149" type="journal article" year="1920">Swezey, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFBB075AFDD59211FCA7A706" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[567,814,1560,1585]" page="689" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBB075AFDD59211FCA7A706" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[567,814,1560,1585]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 689</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 449, 458.
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBB075AFF75923EFDC3A779" blockId="85.[151,971,1499,1615]" box="[151,586,1591,1615]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFF75923EFE8CA779" ID-CoL="8V6FQ" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,261,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF75923EFE8CA779" box="[151,261,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 16;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBB075AFEB7923EFD8AA779" author="Johns, C. A. &amp; Toussaint, E. F. A. &amp; Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y." box="[341,515,1591,1615]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
Johns
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFE779231FE4BA779" box="[405,450,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBB075AFF759271FD9FA7A5" box="[151,534,1656,1683]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBB075AFF759271FD9FA7A5" blockId="85.[151,1437,1656,2043]" box="[151,534,1656,1683]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBB075AFF759271FD9BA7A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273396" box="[151,530,1656,1683]" location="Pahoa" municipality="Big Island" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF759271FEBFA7A4" bold="true" box="[151,310,1656,1682]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBB075AFF759271FF5BA7A4" box="[151,210,1656,1682]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EF66006FFBB075AFEDE9271FE09A7A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBB0759FF75917EFC49A71B:8EF66006FFBB075AFEDE9271FE09A7A4" box="[316,384,1656,1682]" municipality="Big Island" name="Pahoa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pahoa</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFBB075AFE729271FD83A7A5" box="[400,522,1656,1683]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Big Island</collectingMunicipality>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBB075AFF259295FE9EA671" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBB075AFF259295FE9EA671" blockId="85.[151,1437,1656,2043]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF259295FEC7A780" bold="true" box="[199,334,1692,1718]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFDA09295FD40A780" box="[578,713,1692,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFDA09295FD40A780" box="[578,713,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">obamaorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is named after Barack Hussein Obama II, the 44th president of the
<collectingCountry id="F33E764DFFBB075AFF2392C9FED2A7EC" box="[193,347,1728,1754]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">United States</collectingCountry>
, born in Honolulu,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFBB075AFDD592C9FD02A7EC" box="[567,651,1728,1754]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
, and his wife, First Lady Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama. They have have continued to support nature conservation efforts in
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFBB075AFC8292EDFC3DA7C8" box="[864,948,1764,1790]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
. Following recommendation 31.1.2. of the International Code of Zoological nomenclature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBB075AFD559301FCC8A614" author="ICZN" box="[695,833,1800,1826]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
) the specific name is treated as a noun in the genitive plural case.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBB0759FF259359FE37A0E4" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBB075AFF259359FE55A6CD" blockId="85.[151,1437,1656,2043]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFF259359FEFDA65C" bold="true" box="[199,372,1872,1898]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBB075AFE9B9359FE80A6B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273429" collectingDate="1918-09-20" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" county="Pahoa" location="Big Island" municipality="Puna" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBB075AFE9B9359FE68A65C" box="[377,481,1872,1898]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♂,
<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FFBB075AFDEA9359FDC6A65C" box="[520,591,1872,1898]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pahoa</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFBB075AFDBB9358FD1DA65D" box="[601,660,1873,1899]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Puna</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFBB075AFD7C9359FD66A65C" box="[670,751,1872,1898]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(
<location id="8EF66006FFBB075AFD1E9359FCFDA65D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBB0759FF75917EFC49A71B:8EF66006FFBB075AFD1E9359FCFDA65D" box="[764,884,1872,1899]" county="Pahoa" municipality="Puna" name="Big Island" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Hawaii">Big Island</location>
),
<date id="FF97101DFFBB075AFC649359FB89A65C" box="[902,1024,1872,1898]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1918-09-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBB075AFC649359FB89A65C" box="[902,1024,1872,1898]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1918-09-20">20.ix.1918</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBB075AFBE89359FB17A65C" box="[1034,1182,1872,1898]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">O.H. Swezey</collectorName>
, host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFB069358FA15A65C" authorityName="A. Gray ex H. Mann (Swezey" authorityYear="1920" box="[1252,1436,1872,1898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFB069358FA15A65C" box="[1252,1436,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pipturus albidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFBB075AFF56937DFE80A6B8" box="[180,265,1908,1934]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBB075AFEF0937CFA11A6B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273405" box="[274,1432,1908,1935]" collectingDate="1918-09-20" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" county="Pahoa" location="Big Island" municipality="Puna" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="714" specimenCount-female="714" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBB075AFEF0937CFEFDA6B9" box="[274,372,1909,1935]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
14 (4♂,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBB075AFE35937DFE72A6B8" box="[471,507,1908,1934]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, 7 sex unknown): 1♂,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBB075AFD1B937DFC95A6B8" box="[761,796,1908,1934]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and data as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBB075AFBA5937DFB25A6B8" box="[1095,1196,1908,1934]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBB075AFB3C937DFA95A6B8" box="[1246,1308,1908,1934]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">710♀</specimenCount>
, in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFBB075AFAA1937DFA11A6B8" box="[1347,1432,1908,1934]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBB075AFF759391FA10A684" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273369" box="[151,1433,1944,1971]" collectingDate="1921-07-25" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Swezey" location="Hilo" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="BPBM34242" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
3♂,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBB075AFF2B9391FF64A684" box="[201,237,1944,1970]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 2 (sex unknown), S. of
<location id="8EF66006FFBB075AFDE79391FDB0A684" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBB0759FF75917EFC49A71B:8EF66006FFBB075AFDE79391FDB0A684" box="[517,569,1944,1970]" name="Hilo" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Hawaii">Hilo</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFBB075AFDA49391FD13A684" box="[582,666,1944,1970]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFBB075AFD479391FCAEA685" box="[677,807,1944,1971]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1921-07-25">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBB075AFD479391FCAEA685" box="[677,807,1944,1971]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1921-07-25">25.vii.1921</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBB075AFCD69391FC02A684" box="[820,907,1944,1970]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Swezey</collectorName>
coll.,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFC319390FBBAA684" box="[979,1075,1945,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFC319390FBBAA684" box="[979,1075,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
34248, SK709♂,
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FFBB075AFAE39391FA10A684" box="[1281,1433,1944,1970]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="Museum">BPBM34242</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBB075AFF7593B4FE51A6CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273357" collectingDate="1919-08-14" collectionCode="BPBM" location="Judd Trail" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="BPBM34252" specimenCount="61" specimenCount-female="61" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
no. 4257 |Z-1-26-61(3) ♂, Z-V-18-
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBB075AFDD093B5FDD5A6E0" box="[562,604,1980,2006]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">61♀</specimenCount>
; 2 (sex unknown),
<location id="8EF66006FFBB075AFCDF93B5FC3AA6E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBB0759FF75917EFC49A71B:8EF66006FFBB075AFCDF93B5FC3AA6E0" box="[829,947,1980,2006]" name="Judd Trail" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Hawaii">Judd Trail</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFBB075AFC2393B5FB9CA6E0" box="[961,1045,1980,2006]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
, 13&amp;
<date id="FF97101DFFBB075AFBB793B5FB57A6E0" box="[1109,1246,1980,2006]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1919-08-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBB075AFBB793B5FB57A6E0" box="[1109,1246,1980,2006]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1919-08-14">14.viii.1919</collectingDate>
</date>
, OHS,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBB075AFAD793B4FF6CA6CD" authority=", BPBM" authorityName="BPBM" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBB075AFAD793B4FA1CA6E0" box="[1333,1429,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pipturus</emphasis>
, BPBM
</taxonomicName>
34251,
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FFBB075AFEA293E9FE51A6CD" box="[320,472,2016,2043]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="Museum">BPBM34252</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF25949FFE37A0E4" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF25949FFE33A186" bold="true" box="[199,442,150,176]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Additional material.</emphasis>
4 (1♂,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FDED949EFDB8A187" box="[527,561,151,177]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
) 1♂,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FD91949EFD11A187" box="[627,664,151,177]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, Mauna Ulu Havo,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FC96949EFC41A187" box="[884,968,151,177]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FC31949FFBC8A187" box="[979,1089,150,177]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2015-05-21">21.v.2015</date>
(stored), C.A. Johns leg., host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FF7594B2FF7EA1E2" box="[151,247,187,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF7594B2FF7EA1E2" box="[151,247,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FECD94B3FE18A1E3" box="[303,401,186,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2015-05-03">3.v.2015</date>
, CJ423 / SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FDC794B2FDEBA1E3" box="[549,610,187,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">844♀</specimenCount>
, 403M / SK736♂, 403O(b-2) / SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FC1394B2FBA4A1E3" box="[1009,1069,187,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">739♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB80759FBB194B2FB2DA1E3" box="[1107,1188,187,213]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FB5394B2FB5DA1E3" box="[1201,1236,187,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Upper Hamakua Ditch trail,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FEF594D6FEE2A1CF" box="[279,363,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FE9794D7FE6AA1CF" box="[373,483,222,249]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2016-05-15">15.v.2016</date>
em., C.L.-Vaamonde &amp; C. Doorenweerd leg., host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FBC594D6FB0EA1CE" box="[1063,1159,223,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FBC594D6FB0EA1CE" box="[1063,1159,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FB5E94D6FABBA1CC" box="[1212,1330,223,250]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2016-04-24">24.iv.2016</date>
(cocoon), CLV0017, SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FEDF950AFEF1A02B" box="[317,376,259,285]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">823♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB80759FE43950AFE7BA02B" box="[417,498,259,285]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FDE2950AFDADA02B" box="[512,548,259,285]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, Puu Makkaala Natural Reserve,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FC4A950AFC75A02B" box="[936,1020,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FBE8950BFBFDA02B" box="[1034,1140,258,285]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2015-06-09">9.vi.2015</date>
(stored), C.A. Johns leg., host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FF36952EFEBDA076" box="[212,308,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF36952EFEBDA076" box="[212,308,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (B),
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FE76952FFD8CA077" box="[404,517,294,321]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2015-05-25">25.v.2015</date>
, CJ423 / SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FD71952EFD59A077" box="[659,720,295,321]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">844♀</specimenCount>
, CJ
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FD1B952EFCB6A077" box="[761,831,295,321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08458" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="in" value="427.0">427 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB80759FCA7952EFC1FA077" box="[837,918,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
. In
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB80759FC5C952EFBA5A077" box="[958,1068,295,321]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
: 1♂,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FB84952EFB3EA077" box="[1126,1207,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
2800’, Kau District, Ocean View,
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FED19542FE24A053" box="[307,429,331,357]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1976-06-23">23.vi.1976</date>
, K. &amp; E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FCD19542FC25A053" box="[819,940,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FCD19542FC25A053" box="[819,940,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 25 cf
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FBCA9542FAC0A050" authority="(Hawaii)" baseAuthorityName="Hawaii" box="[1064,1353,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginestrigata">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FBCA9542FB52A052" box="[1064,1243,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">marginestrigata</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FB0F9542FAC8A050" box="[1261,1345,331,358]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
)
</taxonomicName>
Sattler Coll., D.C. Lees
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FEB29566FE4BA0BF" box="[336,450,367,393]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
, BMNH(E)1621262;
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB80759FD519566FD5FA0BF" box="[691,726,367,393]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FD019566FCBDA0BF" box="[739,820,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
1300’, S. Hilo District, Upper Waiakea F. R., Stainback Highway,
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FEEF959AFE06A09B" box="[269,399,403,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1976-07-12">12.vii.1976</date>
, K. &amp; E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FCF1959AFC05A09B" box="[787,908,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FCF1959AFC05A09B" box="[787,908,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 21 (
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FC0F959AFBC8A098" box="[1005,1089,403,430]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
) Sattler Coll., D.C. Lees
<date id="FF97101DFFB80759FA89959AFF5BA0E7" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
, BMNH(E)1621128.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB80759FF2595D3FDAAA30B" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF2595D3FDAAA30B" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF2595D3FECBA0C2" bold="true" box="[199,322,474,500]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FDCE95D2FD59A0C3" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[556,720,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FDCE95D2FD59A0C3" box="[556,720,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. neraudicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a triangular white patch at 3/4 and two white dorsal streaks that are nearly the same width as in the forewing (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FCFC95F6FC2FA32F" box="[798,934,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,206,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-20@37.[159,1429,201,1638]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19. Adults of Philodoria neraudicola (Swezey, 1920) and P. obamaorum sp. n. A P. neraudicola lectotype male, B Forewings of lectotype female, host Pipturus albidus, Maui, C P. obamaorum holotype male, D Paratype female, E Female (CLV017). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681851/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 19C, D</figureCitation>
); saccus and coecum half the length of those of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FF54962AFED1A30B" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[182,344,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF54962AFED1A30B" box="[182,344,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. neraudicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FE8A962AFE51A30B" box="[360,472,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,203,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@93.[207,1381,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681921/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 51B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FE06962BFD9FA30B" box="[484,534,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">52B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB80759FF25964FFDB7A597" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF25964FFC5CA2FF" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF25964FFE2AA356" bold="true" box="[199,419,582,608]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Description: Adult</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FE50964EFDB1A357" box="[434,568,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,206,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-20@37.[159,1429,201,1638]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19. Adults of Philodoria neraudicola (Swezey, 1920) and P. obamaorum sp. n. A P. neraudicola lectotype male, B Forewings of lectotype female, host Pipturus albidus, Maui, C P. obamaorum holotype male, D Paratype female, E Female (CLV017). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681851/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 19C–E</figureCitation>
). Wingspan
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FD22964FFC9CA357" box="[704,789,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB80759FCD4964EFC12A357" box="[822,923,583,609]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 7.0–
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FC35964FFBA2A357" box="[983,1067,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB80759FBAF964EFB38A357" box="[1101,1201,583,609]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
; forewing length 3.3, 3,4 mm in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB80759FEED9662FEFDA3B3" box="[271,372,619,645]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 3.0–
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FE529663FD8DA3B3" box="[432,516,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB80759FDC59662FD02A3B3" box="[551,651,619,645]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Head creamy white; frons white mixed with fuscous scales; maxillary palpus white mixed with fuscous scales; labial palpus white, median joint fuscous at apex, terminal joint with fuscous band at middle and at apex. Antenna brownish, basal segment white. Thorax brownish fuscous, pale in middle and posteriorly. Forewing brownish fuscous with white patches: two outwardly-curved white dorsal streaks:
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FA8396DEFA0AA3C1" bold="true" box="[1377,1411,727,759]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB80759FA9996E0FA0AA3C1" attach="left" box="[1403,1411,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
at 1/4, slightly widened at base,
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FE0B96F2FD85A22D" bold="true" box="[489,524,763,795]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB80759FDE69704FD85A22D" attach="left" box="[516,524,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
at 1/2, almost same width; a triangular white patch (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FB8196F2FB0FA22D" bold="true" box="[1123,1158,763,795]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB80759FB9C9704FB0FA22D" attach="right" box="[1150,1158,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
) at 3/4, not reaching the middle of wing; a white slender outwardly-oblique
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FD2D9716FD66A209" bold="true" box="[719,751,799,831]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB80759FD059738FD66A209" attach="left" box="[743,751,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
at 3/5; all streaks and patch margined with a few black scales; apical portion orangish ocherous; a round black
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FD54974AFD46A26B" bold="true" box="[694,719,835,861]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
with a few pale blue scales, a few pale blue scales between this spot and
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF1F976EFE96A2B1" bold="true" box="[253,287,871,903]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB80759FEF59770FE96A2B1" attach="left" box="[279,287,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
; cilia brown with three white costal spots; apical and terminal cilia paler near base with black
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FAA5976EFAEFA2B1" bold="true" box="[1351,1382,871,903]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
dl
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB80759FABC9770FAEFA2B1" attach="left" box="[1374,1382,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, tornal cilia very paler at apex. Hindwing and cilia pale brown. Abdomen pale brownish, white below. Legs ocherous, anterior and middle tibiae fuscous, and middle and posterior tarsi fuscous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF2597DAFCADA56F" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF2597DAFEF8A2DA" bold="true" box="[199,369,978,1005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FE6297DAFD9BA2DB" box="[384,530,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-23@92.[151,1436,181,1650]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 50. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E–J, L: Left valva, B, D, K, M: Right valva. A, B P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, C, D P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, E P. urerana, Oahu, paralectotype, SK671, F P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, G P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, H P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, I P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, J, K P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662, host: unknown, L Same species, Molokai, SK771, host: Abutilon menziesii, M Same species, Kauai, SK784, host: Sida, fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681919/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 50C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FDFE97DBFDC7A2DB" box="[540,590,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,203,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@93.[207,1381,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681921/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">51B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FDBA97DBFD03A2DB" box="[600,650,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">52B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FD7797DAFD69A2DB" box="[661,736,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="114.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[170,1420,185,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-23@114.[164,1423,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 63. BPBM paratype, genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A, B: P. hesperomanniella paratype female, Oahu, Z-V-17-61 C, D: P. obamaorum paratype female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-V-18-61, E–G: P. obamaorum paratype male, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-1-26-61(3), H: P. haelaauensis, paratype female, Maui, Z-XII-19-62-24. A, C, H Female genitalia, ventral view, B, D, G Abdominal segments, E Male genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view, F Phallus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681945/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">63E, F</figureCitation>
) (n=3). Capsule
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FC7997DAFC7CA2DB" box="[923,1013,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 µm</quantity>
. Tegumen 0.9 x length of valva; valva
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FF7597FFFEAEA527" box="[151,295,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="490.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="480.0">480–500 µm</quantity>
long, tapering along costal margin from 2/5 to apex, similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FC1897FEFB17A527" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1018,1182,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FC1897FEFB17A527" box="[1018,1182,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. neraudicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FB4D97FEFAB3A527" box="[1199,1338,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-23@92.[151,1436,181,1650]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 50. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E–J, L: Left valva, B, D, K, M: Right valva. A, B P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, C, D P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, E P. urerana, Oahu, paralectotype, SK671, F P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, G P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, H P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, I P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, J, K P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662, host: unknown, L Same species, Molokai, SK771, host: Abutilon menziesii, M Same species, Kauai, SK784, host: Sida, fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681919/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 50C, D</figureCitation>
). Saccus rather short and pointed at apex in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FD519012FC90A503" box="[691,793,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,203,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@93.[207,1381,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681921/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
). Phallus
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FC679013FC55A503" box="[901,988,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="520.0">520 µm</quantity>
long and nearly straight with developed coecum; two series of minute cornuti in vesica (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FD529036FC9EA56F" box="[688,791,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 52B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF25906AFDB7A597" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF25906AFE05A54A" bold="true" box="[199,396,1122,1149]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FE7E906AFDA6A54B" box="[412,559,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 59C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB80759FDD8906AFDE3A548" box="[570,618,1123,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="114.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[170,1420,185,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-23@114.[164,1423,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 63. BPBM paratype, genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A, B: P. hesperomanniella paratype female, Oahu, Z-V-17-61 C, D: P. obamaorum paratype female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-V-18-61, E–G: P. obamaorum paratype male, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-1-26-61(3), H: P. haelaauensis, paratype female, Maui, Z-XII-19-62-24. A, C, H Female genitalia, ventral view, B, D, G Abdominal segments, E Male genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view, F Phallus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681945/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">63C</figureCitation>
) (n=5). Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FCDF906AFC56A54B" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[829,991,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FCDF906AFC56A54B" box="[829,991,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. neraudicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FC0C906AFB03A54B" box="[1006,1162,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="0.89" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1035.0" valueMax="1180.0" valueMin="890.0">890–1180 µm</quantity>
long. Lamella antevaginalis
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FF31908EFEA4A597" box="[211,301,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
. Corpus bursae
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FE02908FFDB3A597" box="[480,570,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="570.0">570 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB80759FF2590A3FDC4A5F0" box="[199,589,1194,1222]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF2590A3FDC4A5F0" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" box="[199,589,1194,1222]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF2590A3FEE8A5F2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1194,1220]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FE8590A2FE31A5F3" box="[359,440,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(Big Island).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB80759FF2590C6FF7AA44F" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF2590C6FB79A5DF" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" box="[199,1264,1231,1257]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF2590C6FEDFA5DF" bold="true" box="[199,342,1231,1257]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FEBF90C6FE50A5DF" box="[349,473,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FE0690C6FBA4A5DF" authority="A. Gray ex H. Mann (Swezey 1920)" authorityName="A. Gray ex H. Mann (Swezey" authorityYear="1920" box="[484,1069,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FE0690C6FD14A5DF" box="[484,669,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus albidus</emphasis>
A.Gray ex H.Mann (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB80759FC6890C6FBAFA5DF" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[906,1062,1231,1257]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="376 - 386" refId="ref102521" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1920) Some new Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 4 (2), 376 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16149" type="journal article" year="1920">Swezey 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FB8A90C6FB41A5DE" box="[1128,1224,1231,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FB8A90C6FB41A5DE" box="[1128,1224,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF2590FBFF7AA44F" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF2590FBFEAEA43A" bold="true" box="[199,295,1266,1292]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Biology.</emphasis>
C.L.-Vaamonde and C. Doorenweerd collected larvae from leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FBCD90FAFB06A43A" box="[1071,1167,1267,1292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FBCD90FAFB06A43A" box="[1071,1167,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in 2016. Larvae formed blotch mines and made six cocoons on the adaxial leaf surface; the orange oval cocoon is 6.0 mm in length and
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB80759FF259133FE94A463" box="[199,285,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
in width. Two adults emerged from the cocoons, one was
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FC499132FBC7A463" box="[939,1102,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FC499132FBC7A463" box="[939,1102,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. obamaorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and another
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FB039132FF7AA44F" authority="Walsingham." authorityName="Walsingham." class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FB039132FADCA463" box="[1249,1365,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. floscula</emphasis>
Walsingham.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB80759FF25918AFC49A71B" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB80759FF25918AFC49A71B" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF25918AFEB2A4AB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species and other
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FDA8918AFD23A4AA" box="[586,682,1411,1436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FDA8918AFD23A4AA" box="[586,682,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
miners occur together on
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FC35918AFBA1A4AB" box="[983,1064,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(Big Island). It is unclear which species of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FEF391AEFEF8A4F6" box="[273,369,1447,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FEF391AEFEF8A4F6" box="[273,369,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these moths were on at
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB80759FD6E91AEFD54A4F7" box="[652,733,1447,1473]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
Volcanoes National Park, the site that was surveyed in 2016. Some
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FF3F91C2FEDFA4D3" box="[221,342,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FF3F91C2FEDFA4D3" box="[221,342,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species may prefer certain species of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FD1491C2FCDFA4D2" box="[758,854,1483,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FD1491C2FCDFA4D2" box="[758,854,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the determination of host preference is impeded by the unsettled taxonomy of this host plant genus. Future studies of these moths should focus on rearing different species of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FEEF921AFE0FA71B" box="[269,390,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FEEF921AFE0FA71B" box="[269,390,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB80759FE29921AFDA2A71A" box="[459,555,1555,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB80759FE29921AFDA2A71A" box="[459,555,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to understand host plant specificity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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