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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cf5e4880-6924-4fa1-b8d6-188a3486a52f" ID-PMC="PMC8828588" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1085-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C99BE364CA04525987A9530445AF208F" ID-PubMed="35210901" ID-ZooBank="12FC8134F5CA4EA997D1711DB7643E2C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1085-1" checkinTime="1643895581789" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gittenberger, Edmund, Gyeltshen, Choki &amp; Stelbrink, Bjoern" docDate="2022" docId="F032CDD57F2023AB78B4319C043F4BFB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1085: 1-9" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1085" docPubDate="2022-02-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900" docTitle="Erhaia norbui Gittenberger &amp; Gyeltshen &amp; Stelbrink 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="07BF6064-F69D-44FB-BFBA-34E849962BAF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="C99BE364CA04525987A9530445AF208F" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C99BE364CA04525987A9530445AF208F" masterDocTitle="The genus Erhaia (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Amnicolidae), with a new species from Bhutan" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668151467547" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Erhaia (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Amnicolidae), with a new species from Bhutan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gittenberger, Edmund</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands &amp; GiMaRIS, Rijksstraatweg 75, NL- 2171 AK Sassenheim, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">egittenberger@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gyeltshen, Choki</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6790-6278</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stelbrink, Bjoern</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4992</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Ecology &amp; Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (IFZ), D- 35392 Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-02-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1085</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>9</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1085-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">12FC8134F5CA4EA997D1711DB7643E2C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C99BE364CA04525987A9530445AF208F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="systematics">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193255109" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07BF6064-F69D-44FB-BFBA-34E849962BAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F032CDD57F2023AB78B4319C043F4BFB" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/07BF6064-F69D-44FB-BFBA-34E849962BAF" authority="Gittenberger &amp; Gyeltshen &amp; Stelbrink, 2022" authorityName="Gittenberger &amp; Gyeltshen &amp; Stelbrink" authorityYear="2022" class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia norbui" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="norbui" status="sp. nov.">Erhaia norbui</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitat of E. norbui sp. nov. at the type locality. Photo by Mr. Sangay Norbu." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 35" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 5. Erhaia norbui sp. nov. from the type locality, district Haa, Uesu, Naychu, ca. 2700 m a. s. l. 3 holotype, NBCB 1239 (H = 2.3 mm) and paratypes used for DNA analyses (4 UGSB 25956, H = 1.5 mm 5 UGSB 25957, H = 1.8 mm). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figures3-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3-5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Erhaia species described for Bhutan. Note that E. jannei and E. pelkiae were found to occur syntopically." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641074" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Sangay Norbu" country="Bhutan" county="District" elevation="2700" latitude="27.375834" location="Naychu" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="89.2875" municipality="Uesu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Haa" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 35" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 5. Erhaia norbui sp. nov. from the type locality, district Haa, Uesu, Naychu, ca. 2700 m a. s. l. 3 holotype, NBCB 1239 (H = 2.3 mm) and paratypes used for DNA analyses (4 UGSB 25956, H = 1.5 mm 5 UGSB 25957, H = 1.8 mm). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figures3-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
)
<collectingCountry name="Bhutan">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
<collectingCounty>District</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion country="Bhutan" name="Ha">Haa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Uesu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F032CDD57F2023AB78B4319C043F4BFB:F1EE76849F3544D66286ABFC17C17C30" country="Bhutan" county="District" latitude="27.375834" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="89.2875" municipality="Uesu" name="Naychu" stateProvince="Haa">Naychu</location>
, ca.
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="27.375834">27°22'33&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="89" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="89.2875">89°17'15&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectorName>Sangay Norbu</collectorName>
leg. 2020 (NBCB 1239).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 35" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 5. Erhaia norbui sp. nov. from the type locality, district Haa, Uesu, Naychu, ca. 2700 m a. s. l. 3 holotype, NBCB 1239 (H = 2.3 mm) and paratypes used for DNA analyses (4 UGSB 25956, H = 1.5 mm 5 UGSB 25957, H = 1.8 mm). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figures3-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Erhaia species described for Bhutan. Note that E. jannei and E. pelkiae were found to occur syntopically." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641074" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
) 3 shells (NBCB 1240), 2 shells (RMNH.MOL.511432).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell pale greyish, large for the genus (H&gt; 2 mm), with a globular body whorl and a roundish aperture.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shell obliquely ovoid, with
<normalizedToken originalValue="3½-3¾">31/2-33/4</normalizedToken>
regularly convex whorls that are separated by a deep suture; clearly higher than broad; pale greyish with fine irregular growth lines and some blackish-brown periostracal ridges, one of which runs from the apertural columellar border into the umbilicus. Aperture nearly circular in fully grown specimens, with a continuous, free peristome that is thickened, not reflected; with a minute umbilicus. Protoconch encrusted in all specimens; teleoconch without spiral sculpture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Measurements of shells with thickened apertural border (n = 6): H 2.3-2.6 mm, B 1.6-1.8 mm. Holotype 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.7 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shells of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. jannei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jannei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. jannei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are most similar in shape, are yellowish-brown and a little narrower, with the aperture slightly compressed laterally. The other Bhutanese
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erhaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species known, i.e.,
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Gittenberger &amp; Gyeltshen" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia pelkiae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pelkiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erhaia pelkiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. wangchucki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wangchucki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. wangchucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gittenberger, Sherub &amp; Stelbrink, 2017, are smaller, i.e. H &lt;2 mm and H &lt;2.2 mm, respectively; their shells are less pale, of an elongated ovoid shape and with an elliptical aperture in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pelkiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pelkiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. pelkiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or conical shape with a piriform aperture in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. wangchucki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wangchucki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. wangchucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitat of E. norbui sp. nov. at the type locality. Photo by Mr. Sangay Norbu." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
The species was found in spring water among abundant watercress. The annual temperature of the water is 9-12 °C, with pH of 7-8.5 and 6.5 mg/l oxygen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="molecular data">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molecular data</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 7. Maximum likelihood tree reconstructed with RAxML BlackBox (Stamatakis et al. 2008; GTR + G substitution model for each partition and 100 bootstrap replicates) based on the COI and 16 S rRNA dataset of Liu et al. (2014) and Guan et al. (2008), with new data in red. Numbers on branches denote bootstrap values&gt; 50." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641075" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Both of the individuals (paratypes) that we analyzed genetically shared an identical haplotype for both COI (GenBank acc. no.: OM135616) and 16S rRNA (GenBank acc. no.: OM135244). The uncorrected genetic p-distances between
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. norbui" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="norbui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. norbui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs.
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. jannei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jannei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. jannei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. wangchuki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wangchuki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. wangchuki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were 3.97% and 5.19%, respectively, for COI, and 1.42% and 1.22%, respectively, for 16S rRNA.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/641075" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree reconstructed with RAxML BlackBox (Stamatakis et al. 2008; GTR+G substitution model for each partition and 100 bootstrap replicates) based on the COI and 16S rRNA dataset of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" author="Liu, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B16" refString="Liu, L, Huo, G-N, He, H-B, Zhou, B, Attwood, SW, 2014. A phylogeny for the pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: e29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" title="A phylogeny for the pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: e 29." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" year="2014">Liu et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
and Guan et al. (2008), with new data in red. Numbers on branches denote bootstrap values&gt; 50.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The three
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erhaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Bhutan form a highly supported clade, with
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erhaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from China as the sister-group. Interestingly, the species called
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. jianouensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jianouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. jianouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from China, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Habe" authorityYear="1958" class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Akiyoshia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Akiyoshia kobayashii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kobayashii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Akiyoshia kobayashii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Japan, form the highly supported sister-group of the remaining
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erhaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (see foregoing notes for
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erhaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). For additional notes regarding the truncatelloidean gastropods of N. India, Nepal, Bhutan, and S. China, in particular the species of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erhaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see also
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.929.49987" author="Gittenberger, E" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B8" refString="Gittenberger, E, Leda, P, Wangchuck, J, Gyeltshen, C, Stelbrink, B, 2020. The genera Erhaia and Tricula (Gastropoda, Rissooidea, Amnicolidae and Pomatiopsidae) in Bhutan and elsewhere in the eastern Himalaya. ZooKeys 929: 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.929.49987" title="The genera Erhaia and Tricula (Gastropoda, Rissooidea, Amnicolidae and Pomatiopsidae) in Bhutan and elsewhere in the eastern Himalaya." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.929.49987" volume="929" year="2020">Gittenberger et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The epithet
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">norbui</emphasis>
refers to Mr. Sangay Norbu, who discovered this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>