211 lines
22 KiB
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211 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d6a55a29-30df-409c-9879-ecff3c19fbb2" ID-PMC="PMC3260909" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-139-45" ID-PubMed="22259309" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-139-45" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 139" ModsDocTitle="A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species" checkinTime="1451249759556" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jiang, Nan, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang" docDate="2011" docId="A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 139: 45-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 139" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308" docTitle="Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFFD4129FFDEFF9C9A7DFF89F61DFFD3" masterDocTitle="A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1668152443332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Han, Hongxiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>139</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>96</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-139-45</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Biston_betularia" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 13-1873, 74100, 101119, 120
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phalaena (Geometra) betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia" subGenus="Geometra">Phalaena(Geometra) betularia</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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, Syst. Nat., (Ed. 10) 1: 521. Syntype(s), Europe. (LSL)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phalaena (Noctua) p-graecum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="p-graecum" subGenus="Noctua">Phalaena (Noctua) p-graecum</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Poda, N" journalOrPublisher="Widmanstad, Graecii" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" title="Insecta Musei Graecensis, quae in ordines, genera et species juxta systema naturae Caroli Linnaei." year="1761">Poda, 1761</bibRefCitation>
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, Insecta Musei Graecensis: 90. Syntype(s). (Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Wehrli (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phalaena marmoraria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoraria">? marmoraria</taxonomicName>
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Sepp, 1792, Nederlandsche Insecten, 2: pl. 10, pl. 11, Syntype(s), Netherlands. (Treated as a synonym of Biston betularia betularia by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Parsons et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phalaena (Geometra) ulmaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmaria" subGenus="Geometra">Phalaena (Geometra) ulmaria</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Borkhausen, 1794</bibRefCitation>
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, Natur. eur. Schmett., 5: 181. Syntype(s), Europe. (Treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="betularia">Biston betularia betularia</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Parsons et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eubyja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eubyja betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Eubyja betularia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Huebner, J" journalOrPublisher="J. Huebner, Augsburg" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" title="Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge." year="1825">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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, 1825
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Verz. bekannter Schmett.: 318.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Amphidasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphidasis huberaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberaria">Amphidasis huberaria</taxonomicName>
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Ballion, 1866, Horae Soc. ent. ross., 4: 29, pl. 1, fig. 1. Syntype(s), Russia: Western Siberia, near Omsk. (ZISP) (Synonymized by Vijdalepp, (1979))
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Amphidasys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="betularia" variety="doubledayaria">Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Millière">Milliere</normalizedToken>
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, 1870
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Iconogr. Descr. Chenilles
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lépid">Lepid</normalizedToken>
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="inédits">inedits</normalizedToken>
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, 3: 117, pl. 111, fig. 1. Syntypes, including at least 3♂, 4♀, England. (Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Wehrli (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName genus="Eurbyjodonta" lsidName="Eurbyjodonta concinna" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="concinna">Eurbyjodonta concinna</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Warren, W" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Zoologicae" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 66" title="New species and genera of the families Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae from the Old-World Regions." volume="6" year="1899">Warren, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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, Novit. zool., 6: 50. Holotype ♂, Kazakhstan?: Ili district. (BMNH) (Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Wehrli (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Biston betularia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Prout, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 358, pl. 19: g.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston cognataria subsp. alexandrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cognataria" subSpecies="alexandrina">Biston cognataria alexandrina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 432, pl. 36: a. Syntypes 4♂, Kirghizstan: Alexander Mountains. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="betularia">Biston betularia betularia</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Parsons et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston (Eubyjodonta) huberaria subsp. tienschana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="huberaria" subGenus="Eubyjodonta" subSpecies="tienschana">Biston (Eubyjodonta) huberaria tienschana</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 435, pl. 36: d, g. Holotype ♂, China: Xinjiang,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ürümqi">Ueruemqi</normalizedToken>
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, Tian-shan. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston huberaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberaria">Biston huberaria</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Parsons et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston cognataria subsp. sinitibetica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cognataria" subSpecies="sinitibetica">Biston cognataria sinitibetica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 433, pl. 36: a. Syntypes ♂, ♀, China (west): Kangding. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. parva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="parva">Biston betularia parva</taxonomicName>
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Leech, 1897 by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Parsons et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">See the previous species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Material examineds.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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CHINA, Xinjiang (ZFMK): Urumtschi, Tian-schan, 1♂ (Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston huberaria subsp. tienschana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="huberaria" subSpecies="tienschana">Biston huberaria tienschana</taxonomicName>
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). Szetschwan [Sichuan] (ZFMK): Tachien-lu [Kangding], 1♂ (Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston cognataria subsp. sinitibetica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cognataria" subSpecies="sinitibetica">Biston cognataria sinitibetica</taxonomicName>
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Wehrli, 1941). Heilongjiang
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="55" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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IZCAS): Dailing, 390 m, 3-9.VII.1962, coll. Bai Jiuwei, 3♂; Jiamusi, 23.VIII.1970, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Wuchang, 8-10.VII.1970, 2♂2♀. Jilin (IZCAS): Changbaishan, 2-13.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, 10♂2♀; Beipiao, 1984, coll. Liu Jin, 1♂. Inner Mongolia (IZCAS): Wuchagou, 21.VII.1981, 1♂; Jiwen, 15-27.VII.1982, 1♂1♀; Genhe, 4.VII.1983, 1♂1♀; Xilin Gol, 1100 m, 21.VII.1985, coll. Liu Dajun, 2♂; Oragxan, 4.VII.1983, 1♀; Oragxan, 27.VI.1985, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Chen Barag, Bayan Hure, 2-3.VII.1986, 1♂1♀; Oroqen, Alihe, 31.VII.1986, coll. Gong Yushan, 1♂; Dayangshu, 20-23.VI.1983, coll. Xue Dayong, 2♂1♀. Beijing (IZCAS): Sanpu, 16.VII.1965, 1♂; Baihuashan, 16.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VII–">VII-</normalizedToken>
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1.VIII.1972, coll. Han Yinheng and Zhang Baolin, 8♂; Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, 1100 m, 23.VI.2001, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Mentougou, Liyuanling, 1100 m, 11-12.VIII.2004, coll. Li Hongmei, 1♂. Hebei (IZCAS): Chengde, 11.VI.1980, 2♂; Chicheng, Longmensuo, Liuzhuangzi, 10-11.VIII.2006, coll. Yang Chao, 1♂1♀. Shanxi (IZCAS):Yuncheng, Zhongtiaoshan, coll. Cao Tianwen, 4♂. Henan (IZCAS): Linxian, 1981, 1♂; Lingbao, Chuankou, 20.VII.1981, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS): Huangbaiyuan, 13.VII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yan’an">Yan'an</normalizedToken>
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, 5.VI.1981, 3♂2♀; Taibai, 3.VII.1981, 1♀; Liuba, 1020 m, 18.VII.1998, coll. Zhang Xuezhong, 2♂. Ningxia (IZCAS): Jingyuan, 1998-2295 m, 25.VI.-10.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 32♂1♀; Longde, 2165-2330 m, 3-5.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 11♂2♀. Gansu (IZCAS): Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, 20.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VII–">VII-</normalizedToken>
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15.VIII.1985, coll. Meng Feng, 2♂; Yongdeng, Tulugou, 2280 m, 25-29.VII.1991, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂3♀; Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, Tulugou, 2600 m, 8.VIII.2005, coll. Li Jing and Han Hongxiang, 2♂; Zhuoni, 2500 m, 4.IX.1990, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250-1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian, 1♂; Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2350 m, 4-5.VII.1998, coll. Wang Hongjian and Wang Shuyong, 18♂2♀; Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2357 m, 22.VIII.2001, coll. Cao Xiuwen, 1♂; Diebu, Anzigou, 20.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–">VI-</normalizedToken>
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20.VII.2000, 4♂; Dangchang, 1800 m, 7.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian, 3♂; Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2350 m, 7-22.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 3♂1♀; Wenxian, Tielou, 1450 m, 24.VII.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 8♂. Qinghai (IZCAS): Menyuan, Xianmi, 2800 m, 23-24.VII.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂5♀; Huanglin, 17.VII.1977, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Huzhu, Beishan, 2300 m, 30.VII.1991, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Huzhu, Beishan Linchang, Langshidang, 2600 m, 6-7.VIII.2005, coll. Xue Dayong, 4♂3♀; Tongren, Maixiu, 2950 m, 30.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VII–">VII-</normalizedToken>
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1.VIII.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 14♂2♀; Xining, 6.VII.1981, 1♀. Xinjiang (IZCAS):
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ürümqi">Ueruemqi</normalizedToken>
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, 21.VI.1965, 2♂;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ürümqi">Ueruemqi</normalizedToken>
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, 1974.VI.22, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♂; Aksu, 19.VII.1982, 1♂. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 5-9.VI.1983, coll. Wang Linyao, 4♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Batang, 1974, 8♂; Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 1.V.1957, coll. Huang Keren, 1♂; Kangding, 30.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–">VI-</normalizedToken>
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6.VII.1979, coll. Chen Tailu, 8♂1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS): Deqin, 3250 m, 15.VII.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong, 2♂; Xiaozhongdian, 3100 m, 31.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♀; Lijiang, Shiyan Linchang, 2460 m, V.1979, 1♂; Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2700-2850 m, 17-27.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin and Liu Dayun, 4♂1♀; Lijiang, Yuhu, 2700 m, 27.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dayun, 1♂; Lijiang, Gaoshan Zhiwuyuan, 3260 m, 15-18.VI.2009, coll. Qi Feng, 1♂; Cuishan, Shatanshao, 2300 m, 13.VIII.1980, 1♂; Kunming, Jinzhusi, 1880 m, 15.VIII.1980, 1♂; Yongping, Beidou, Qianmatang, 2200
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="56" start="start">m</pageBreakToken>
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, 10.VIII.1980, 1♂. Tibet (IZCAS): Qamdo, 19.VIII.1984, coll. Jiang Basang, 1♀; Markam, Pula, 23.VII.1984, coll. Jiang Basang, 2♂; Nyingchi, Shang
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zayü">Zayue</normalizedToken>
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, 1960 m, 21-23.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian, 6♂; Nyingchi, Bayi, 2999 m, 1-3.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 2♀; Mainling, Pai, Zhuanyunzhan, 2883 m, 4-6.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♀; Yadong, 2800 m, 8.VI.1961, coll. Wang Linyao, 1♂; Yadong, 14.VI.1983, coll. Wangjia Tsering, 1♀. MONGOLIA (IZCAS): Batshireet, Hentiy, 1108 m, 29.VI.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 20♂; Binder, Henity, 1032 m, 29.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–">VI-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 20♂5♀; Dadal, Hentiy, 944 m, 2.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 10♂; Choybalsan, Dornod, 733 m, 6.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 2♂. More material from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan in coll. ZFMK.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Russia, Mongolia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Europe, North America.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
There are two subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Biston betularia</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in China, they are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. parva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="parva">Biston betularia parva</taxonomicName>
|
||
Leech, 1897 (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. parva Leech, 1897, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 19: 323. Syntypes 1♂, 2♀, China: Kangding. (BMNH)) (Figs 13-16, 73, 100, 119) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. nepalensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="nepalensis">Biston betularia nepalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Inoue, 1982 (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. nepalensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="nepalensis">Biston betularia nepalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Inoue, 1982, Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom. Univ., 18: 175, figs 40a, b. Holotype ♂, Nepal: Tukcha, near Daulagiri. (BMNH)) (Figs 17-18, 74, 101, 120). In China, the former is widely distributed in the greater part of the country, the latter is distributed in Yunnan and Tibet, and can be distinguished from the former by the weaker transverse lines and the blunter projections of the postmedian lines on both wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |