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<document id="83B62D6BF5543AFA32BBC32DCE5E1AA6" ID-CLB-Dataset="29001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84973bd6-9d66-4172-8f50-2a482edccf2a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1459506" ID-ZooBank="DB841017-698F-4D44-A633-461D350DC984" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539326878349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan &amp; Hong, Ki-Jeong" docDate="2018" docId="0974884CB651FFF2FF6CF8930032F830" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4460.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4460 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paralecanium COckerell in COckerell &amp; ParrOtt 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="F54DF034B673FFD1FFFBFFA5024BFFD6" masterDocTitle="Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698579179695" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3D9583AEBDC2D6F3352666CCE134D8F7">Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="85F4C9497F4A6DCD5491941B3803E866">Choi, Jinyeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54666AB8E4360DB599F6FE452943BE27">Soysouvanh, Pheophanh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="676EF64C3F55497156A8C8D657F6AAF4">Lee, Seunghwan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1526E824A225C05375913258EFFE628B">Hong, Ki-Jeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5CEFEB8EBF91C369BD8149D1BA7A81FF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="22C57165CC319E275B1483A936626784">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1619756AB3A57BB200778D47671EA70D">2018-08-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0974884CB651FFF2FF6CF8930032F830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966452" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148695351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0974884CB651FFF2FF6CF8930032F830" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0974884CB651FFF2FF6CF8930032F830" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B651FFF3FF6CF89301CFF886" box="[151,900,1846,1872]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8162395AB651FFF3FF6CF89301CFF886" blockId="34.[151,900,1846,1872]" box="[151,900,1846,1872]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="DA2A8E36B651FFF3FF6CF89301CFF886" bold="true" box="[151,900,1846,1872]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B651FFF3FF6CF89301CFF886" bold="true" box="[151,900,1846,1872]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B651FFF3FF15F89301CFF886" ID-CoL="6F6N" ID-ENA="759724" authority="Cockerell in Cockerell &amp; Parrott, 1899" authorityName="COckerell in COckerell &amp; ParrOtt" authorityYear="1899" box="[238,900,1846,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B651FFF3FF15F89303D2F886" bold="true" box="[238,409,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paralecanium</emphasis>
Cockerell in
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB651FFF3FDC4F89301CFF886" box="[575,900,1846,1872]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref24081" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. &amp; Parrott, P. J. (1899) Contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae. The Industrialist, 25, 159 - 165, 227 - 237." type="journal article">Cockerell &amp; Parrott, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B651FFF3FF6CF8DB0136F845" box="[151,893,1917,1939]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8162395AB651FFF3FF6CF8DB0136F845" blockId="34.[151,893,1917,1939]" box="[151,893,1917,1939]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B651FFF3FF6CF8DB0355F845" box="[151,286,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B651FFF3FEDFF8DB00C8F845" authority="Maskell, 1891 b" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1891" box="[292,643,1917,1939]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frenchii">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B651FFF3FEDFF8DB0397F845" box="[292,476,1917,1939]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Lecanium frenchii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB651FFF3FE18F8D800C8F845" box="[483,643,1917,1939]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref26905" refString="Maskell, W. M. (1891 b) Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new species from New Zealand, Australia, and Fiji. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 23, 1 - 36." type="journal article">Maskell, 1891b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B651FFF2FF6CF81C01BFFF2E" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8162395AB651FFF2FF6CF81C01BFFF2E" blockId="34.[151,1436,1977,2038]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B651FFF3FF6CF81C035AF804" bold="true" box="[151,273,1977,2002]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsum with irregular quadrate patterns or radial lines from margin inwards; anal plates each with 3–5 short setae (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB651FFF3FEDBF87803C1F820" box="[288,394,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 33E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB651FFF3FE6CF87B038CF820" box="[407,455,2014,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1383,210,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[196,1392,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 34. Paralecanium quadratum (Green, 1904), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, marginal seta; B, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; C, small simple pore; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; G, clear area with preopercular pores; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pores; K, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459574/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">34F</figureCitation>
); dorsal tubular ducts absent. Marginal setae fan-shaped, each with radial striations in outer area of seta (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB650FFF2FE89FF320394FF66" box="[370,479,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="36.[151,249,1248,1270]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 32. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, leg stub near antenna; E, groups of preopercular pores. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 50 µm; D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459570/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 32C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB650FFF2FE15FF3D006AFF66" box="[494,545,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">33H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB650FFF2FDD4FF3D002FFF66" box="[559,612,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1383,210,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[196,1392,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 34. Paralecanium quadratum (Green, 1904), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, marginal seta; B, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; C, small simple pore; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; G, clear area with preopercular pores; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pores; K, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459574/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">34A</figureCitation>
). Stigmatic clefts distinct and sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB650FFF2FBAAFF3206F4FF66" box="[1105,1215,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 33A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB650FFF2FB35FF3D074BFF66" box="[1230,1280,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1383,210,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[196,1392,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 34. Paralecanium quadratum (Green, 1904), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, marginal seta; B, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; C, small simple pore; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; G, clear area with preopercular pores; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pores; K, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459574/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">34B</figureCitation>
). Venter with multilocular disc-pores each with 10 loculi (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB650FFF2FD73FF1900A2FF02" box="[648,745,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Figs
<date id="F5631F9AB650FFF2FD3AFF1900A2FF02" box="[705,745,188,212]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1933-01">33I</date>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB650FFF2FD0EFF190162FF02" box="[757,809,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1383,210,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[196,1392,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 34. Paralecanium quadratum (Green, 1904), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, marginal seta; B, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; C, small simple pore; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; G, clear area with preopercular pores; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pores; K, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459574/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">34H</figureCitation>
); tubular ducts and microducts absent; and legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB650FFF2FDE8FF7A017FFF2E" box="[531,820,223,248]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref29081" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Watson, G. W. (1990) The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 267 pp." type="book">Williams &amp; Watson 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB650FFF2FCC4FF7A01A3FF2E" box="[831,1000,223,248]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref25777" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D5A269D2B650FFF2FF6CF94400C7F8E2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459568/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1761,1783]" targetBox="[361,1245,305,1735]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="8162395AB650FFF2FF6CF94400C7F8E2" blockId="35.[151,1436,1761,1844]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B650FFF2FF6CF944036BF920" bold="true" box="[151,288,1761,1783]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B650FFF2FEDDF944009EF921" authority="(Signoret, 1873)" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1873" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[294,725,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eucalymnatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellatus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B650FFF2FEDDF944006DF921" box="[294,550,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eucalymnatus tessellatus</emphasis>
(Signoret, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
, adult female, from Williams &amp; Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal seta; C, dorsal microduct; D, anal plates; E, multilocular disc-pore; F, ventral microduct; G, leg; H, spiracular disc-pore; I, stigmatic spines and marginal setae; J, antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B650FFF2FF3CF8C40032F830" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8162395AB650FFF2FF3CF8C40032F830" blockId="35.[151,1436,1889,2022]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B650FFF2FF3CF8C40370F8AC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1889,1914]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B650FFF2FEB9F8C403AAF8AF" authorityName="COckerell in COckerell &amp; ParrOtt" authorityYear="1899" box="[322,481,1889,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B650FFF2FEB9F8C403AAF8AF" box="[322,481,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of 29 described species, most of which are from the
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B650FFF2FB6FF8C406BBF8AC" box="[1172,1264,1889,1914]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Oriental</collectingRegion>
and Australian regions (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB650FFF2FF02F82003E9F848" box="[249,418,1925,1950]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref25777" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB650FFF2FE55F82300AAF848" box="[430,737,1925,1950]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B650FFF2FD9FF82300DDF84B" box="[612,662,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Adult females of the genus are easily recognized by the fanshaped marginal setae.
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B650FFF2FE61F80C003BF817" authorityName="Tao, Wong &amp; Chang" authorityYear="1983" box="[410,624,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Podoparalecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B650FFF2FE61F80C003BF817" box="[410,624,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Podoparalecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares this character with
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B650FFF2FC62F80C0673F817" authorityName="COckerell in COckerell &amp; ParrOtt" authorityYear="1899" box="[921,1080,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B650FFF2FC62F80C0673F817" box="[921,1080,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from it in having an asymmetrical body shape (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB650FFF2FE39F8680027F830" box="[450,620,1997,2022]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref25777" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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