223 lines
20 KiB
XML
223 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.11.5409" ID-GBIF-Dataset="048a6a5f-08d4-4afc-8aec-c05e0cef0a1a" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023134" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-11-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-4049-11-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 11" ModsDocTitle="New species in CortinariussectionCortinarius (Agaricales) from the Americas and Australasia" checkinTime="1451252953632" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Harrower, Emma, Bougher, Neale L., Winterbottom, Caitlin, Henkel, Terry W., Horak, Egon & Matheny, P. Brandon" docDate="2015" docId="00616255DFFA048281009061A0AC4829" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 11: 1-21" docOrigin="MycoKeys 11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.11.5409" docTitle="Cortinarius altissimus Harrower & T. W. Henkel, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF9FFF8F4251AE12FF86FF9DB26FBB45" masterDocTitle="New species in CortinariussectionCortinarius (Agaricales) from the Americas and Australasia" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1643516217160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species in CortinariussectionCortinarius (Agaricales) from the Americas and Australasia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harrower, Emma</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bougher, Neale L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Winterbottom, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Henkel, Terry W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horak, Egon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Matheny, P. Brandon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>21</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.11.5409</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.11.5409</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-11-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00616255DFFA048281009061A0AC4829" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/00616255DFFA048281009061A0AC4829" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Fungi Agaricales Cortinariaceae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName LSID="MycoBank MB 811658" authority="Harrower & T. W. Henkel" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius altissimus" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="altissimus">Cortinarius altissimus Harrower & T.W. Henkel</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 1, 2g, 3c, 4c
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius kerrii" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kerrii">Cortinarius kerrii</taxonomicName>
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Singer & I.J.M.Araujo but differs by its larger basidia and less frequent, much larger pleurocystidia. Unique molecular synapomorphies at pos. 46, 108, 156, 212, 216, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264 (ITS1), 440, 503, 506, 532, 545, 554, 583, 617 (ITS2) are present in our alignment.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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GUYANA. Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni: Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River Basin, vicinity of Potaro base camp at
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="5.301111">5°18'04"N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-59.911114">59°54'40"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 710 m alt., on lateritic soils; 2 km southeast of base camp near
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicymbe" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicymbe</taxonomicName>
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plot 1, on humic mat of forest floor under
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicymbe corymbosa" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">Dicymbe corymbosa</taxonomicName>
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, May 25 2001, T.W.Henkel 8211 (holotype: BRG 41220; isotype TENN 069829, HSU G1168)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Refers to the exceptionally tall basidiomata of the species, due to the long stipe.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Pileus 24-56 (-87) mm wide, 17-29 mm tall, convex to plano-convex with a low, broad umbo with age, surface dry, erect tomentulose-squamulose throughout, especially over disc, under hand lens squamules subpyramidal and subacuminate, 0.5 mm tall, dark violet (16F7-16F8, 17F7-17F8), lighter concolorous (16E8) near margin, red in KOH; margin entire, broadly undulating with age. Lamellae subclose, shallowly adnexed with short decurrent tooth, subthick, 2 mm broad at margin, 8-10 mm centrally, 7 mm at stipe, concolorous (16F5-17F5), browning with basidiospore development; edges concolorous, hispid under hand lens; lamellulae usually 3 (2 short at 1-3 mm, 1 long at 6-21 mm), occasionally 5, rarely 7. Stipe 132
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–220(–">-220(-</normalizedToken>
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263) mm long, (2-) 5-11 mm thick at apex, (3-) 7-17 mm thick at center, (7-) 12-24 mm thick at base, subequal, tapering gradually from base to apex, concolorous (16F5-16F6) or slightly lighter concolorous (16D7-16E7, 17D7-17E7) over lower 4/5, apex slightly more greyish violet (15D6-15D7), finely longitudinally striate throughout, with appressed longitudinal fibrils visible under hand lens, cartilaginous, snapping easily, red with KOH. Partial veil cortinate, rather scant, concolorous, minimally retained as scattered, rust-brown fibrils on upper stipe and occasionally pileus margin. Basal mycelium a pale purple (16B3-16B4) matted tomentum. Pileus context subsolid, off white to light purple (17A4-17B4), unchanging, 0.5-1 mm thick at margin, 1-1.5 mm centrally, 6 mm above stipe. Stipe context cartilaginous and concolorous in outer rind, core hollow and off-white, reddening instantly with KOH. Smell mild, slightly fruity to musty. Taste minimal, indistinct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Basidiospores dark
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<normalizedToken originalValue="orange–brown">orange-brown</normalizedToken>
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(7E7-7E8) in heavy deposit, 10-16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-11 (-13)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, means = 12-14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9.5-11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, Q = (1.0-) 1.10-1.44 (-1.56), Q means = 1.18-1.33 (70 spores, 5 specimens), ellipsoid to amygdaloid, verrucose, plage present under SEM. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, (40-) 50-60 (-65)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(8-) 9-15 (-16)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Cheilocystidia scattered to abundant, ventricose-rostrate to lageniform, opaque greyish or brown in KOH, (60-) 70-90 (-100)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(10-) 20-30 (-40)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Pleurocystidia infrequent, ventricose to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ventricose–rostrate">ventricose-rostrate</normalizedToken>
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, grey or rarely brown in KOH, (60-) 70-110 (-125)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(10-) 25-40 (-45)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Pileipellis a trichoderm, organized into discrete, suberect fascicles; hyphae (10-) 15-30 (-35)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, (225-) 270-500 (-550)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high, light brown in KOH, multiseptate; terminal cells undifferentiated, rounded at apex, or occasionally subclavate. Clamp connections present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="ecology and distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Solitary to scattered on humic mat of forest floor in forests dominated by
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicymbe corymbosa" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">Dicymbe corymbosa</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Caesalpinioideae" lsidName="Caesalpinioideae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
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) on lateritic soils; also occurring in forests dominated by
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicymbe altsonii" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altsonii">Dicymbe altsonii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Aldina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aldina insignis" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">Aldina insignis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Papilionoideae" lsidName="Papilionoideae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Papilionoideae">Papilionoideae</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Papilionoideae" lsidName="Papilionoideae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicymbe jenmanii" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jenmanii">Dicymbe jenmanii</taxonomicName>
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on white sand soils; known only from the Upper Potaro and Upper Mazaruni River Basins in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana, in the central Guiana Shield.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="other specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Guyana, Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni: Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River Basin, within a 15 km radius of Potaro base camp at
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="5.301111">5°18'04"N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-59.911114">59°54'40"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 710 m alt., on lateritic soils; 1 km SE of Potaro base camp on
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benny’s">Benny's</normalizedToken>
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Ridge, (Dicymbe corymbosa), 7 July 2003, T.W.Henkel 8539 (BRG; HSU G1169; TENN 069831). ~15 km E of Potaro base in vicinity of Tadang base camp, (Dicymbe altsonii, Aldina insignis), 30 Dec 2009, T.W.Henkel 9180 (BRG; HSU G1170; TENN 069830). 200 m southwest of Tadang base camp (Dicymbe corymbosa, Dicymbe altsonii, Aldina insignis), 6 June 2013, T.W.Henkel 9752 (BRG; HSU G1171). Region 7 Mazaruni-Cuyuni: Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Mazaruni River Basin, within 1 km radius of base camp at
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="5.4391665">5°26'21"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-60.07861">60°04'43"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ~800 m alt., on white sand soils; 1 km SW of base camp in monodominant stand of Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea, 25 Dec 2010, T.W.Henkel 9543 (BRG; HSU G1172). Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Mazaruni River Basin, within 1 km radius of base camp at
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="5.4391665">5°26'21"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-60.07861">60°04'43"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ~800 m alt., on white sand soils; 1 km SW of base camp in monodominant stand of Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea, 5 June 2012, T.W.Henkel 9690 (BRG; HSU G1173).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius altissimus" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="altissimus">Cortinarius altissimus</taxonomicName>
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was treated as '
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Cortinarius</taxonomicName>
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sp. SA1' in
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<bibRefCitation author="Harrower, E" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="697 - 709" title="Long-distance dispersal and speciation of Australasian and American species of Cortinariussect. Cortinarius." volume="107" year="2015">Harrower et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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. The species has an exceptionally long stipe compared to the width of its pileus, and overall one of the longest stipe lengths recorded in the genus. The size of its basidiospores overlaps with that of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius kerrii" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kerrii">Cortinarius kerrii</taxonomicName>
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, which is known from Amazonia. However, the size of the basidia and cystidia are twice that of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius kerrii" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kerrii">Cortinarius kerrii</taxonomicName>
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. Additionally, pleurocystidia are infrequent in
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius altissimus" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="altissimus">Cortinarius altissimus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. whereas they are abundant in
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius kerrii" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kerrii">Cortinarius kerrii</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius altissimus" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="altissimus">Cortinarius altissimus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is a prominent member of the ECM fungal assemblage associated with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicymbe" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicymbe</taxonomicName>
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monodominant forests in Guyana. In a long-term
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicymbe corymbosa" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">Dicymbe corymbosa</taxonomicName>
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plot study of
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<bibRefCitation author="Henkel, TW" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="2195 - 2220" title="Ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp diversity and discovery of new taxa in Dicymbe monodominant forests of the Guiana Shield." url="10.1007/s10531-011-0166-1" volume="21" year="2012">Henkel et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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, basidiomata of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius altissimus" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="altissimus">Cortinarius altissimus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. occurred in 5.2% of 630 quadrats sampled during the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="May–July">May-July</normalizedToken>
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rainy seasons over seven years. Phylogenetically (Fig. 1),
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius altissimus" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="altissimus">Cortinarius altissimus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is most closely related to other taxa of the
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Cortinarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cortinarius violaceus" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="violaceus">Cortinarius violaceus</taxonomicName>
|
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group that also occur in the Americas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |