434 lines
52 KiB
XML
434 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="7ADB30D9A5ECF526AA8D9942C6E19955" ID-CLB-Dataset="34069" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5127" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8301a2c2-de33-41df-9ca8-be44bef2a179" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-115" ID-ZooBank="976CE346480942C284D3414EABFD2217" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-115" ModsDocOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2)" ModsDocTitle="Life in the spray zone – overlooked diversity in West African torrent-frogs (Anura, Odontobatrachidae, Odontobatrachus)" checkinTime="1438012427719" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barej, Michael F., Schmitz, Andreas, Penner, Johannes, Doumbia, Joseph, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Hirschfeld, Mareike, Brede, Christian, Emmrich, Mike, Kouame, N'Goran Germain, Hillers, Annika, Gonwouo, Nono L., Nopper, Joachim, Adeba, Patrick Joel, Bangoura, Mohamed A., Gage, Ceri, Anderson, Gail & Roedel, Mark-Oliver" docDate="2015" docId="3343B251128D3F906EAC9E9909F997FE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 91(2): 115-149" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5127" docTitle="Odontobatrachus ziama Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Hirschfeld, Brede, Bangoura & Roedel, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="89BB73CC-EC8E-42E9-A075-990A52E711C5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="FFF6FF8E8676FFE6FFBAFF8C4B3DFFD5" masterDocTitle="Life in the spray zone - overlooked diversity in West African torrent-frogs (Anura, Odontobatrachidae, Odontobatrachus)" masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="115" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1701377864723" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="00D82FE3FFD531FD384A3AB6712EDEF0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7A9B2AD9413C045B26B21F156713DD0D">
|
||
<mods:title id="8680876BA37DAE02E7F1E7CE383CA83A">Life in the spray zone - overlooked diversity in West African torrent-frogs (Anura, Odontobatrachidae, Odontobatrachus)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="1CF72CE0C4D9CA52FC2A33587CE47AAB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2CEB6EFAB7778E05A26993CFFFF63131">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6837B12645C7EF333BA3E4A0514D4C62">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="46EA220919242A75C92D1D62209425E4">Barej, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="97782DA170C42247F34CA244968A560B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E9070A870060E5E02FD3FCAC1F8ADA3D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BC8015015F1F452DF3EAD8EBBFB168D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B013810628A8B7AC5778202B1605834E">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C84B4A4C936C044A33D307F6A95B4459" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="90F2300BC88F08899299FAF8F7039A9B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0F50F81DBAFCB58534EA50DB00609E7B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="66932B839488D9AE1662E56BC1F8F476">Penner, Johannes</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9E6CFC93113896401282C15313ABBA71" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="331C0D574A076FD63E703125EF0C524F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F5935AD181C6C19C1C3DD97EFE1E7896">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4950A82E7FF1FB04880D917DA1E67A12">Doumbia, Joseph</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FD286332E68A77FC22E10EDA558E079E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D324214AB965F40909D7B95070161B8B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4B10831CFE7090CEDC1A4D2DCBCFA05C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6A87828AF7D728CF6CE14F38C80B0CC2">Sandberger-Loua, Laura</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0C72ED6FFA1B2F950231B6466ED6F507" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B9631595497DB065AC459922459AA668">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="29348CA8BB52153F14C121AD74F13D00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="55D1192711143FD6202D805081244940">Hirschfeld, Mareike</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7624EF99245726B4DF4E1D2FC20C0624" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4F7AA17E03F498BB994FCEB326495591">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0ADB21CD140101B22AE46F529316349B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2335B4F01B7D0A9991D8C6B85F2B1D96">Brede, Christian</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="104EA08EEBB6B8E93F9B5CAEFC6ADA2F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="09D6F5A0F6D63FFFB8D6766AE14F9BF9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9D1ADD8FBC2D105A1B153122285ECE24">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D72C69616A00D0665D086704290BF74D">Emmrich, Mike</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="747E003B7613D2FD80EFCDFB82D52E97" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DE3E30AE37384FDA7C2F89E0B0891B8C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BD0AD6A4BB761AA94A283DF33EF1345F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8FAE3DD42FB9D5657BCA83CC2F5FF29E">Kouame, N'Goran Germain</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0409271E2F0CA341987A9016E3D50271" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C75D5D3638C8313CD04CB7C32FBE04DF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2292D3735E4B8224D2A67A92CD7859CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FE3A1FBBF2144BB117C1B20C862B8AA9">Hillers, Annika</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D9597EC9A357DAE38EB58661CE935AE9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D549785FFA6F65EC6CEAD4B778DA37E5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="382FA71A9BC06A37CF2FC4E06099BDA4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="AEE01DE50FDC3564F7CC6687A3924AA1">Gonwouo, Nono L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="26346362111C0040384550450ED028B8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4B1101B187E8131D00B56538E52BA5A1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9FC13769706A430421EA17FA096F91BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9C4F6CC2DD61B7AC0AB0BC2BE3980002">Nopper, Joachim</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7F05AE2A2D525234ABEBB9D90DDFCE90" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="494493D350593CFDBA76C07BF39572D5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E453ABEDAE38253538ED69551105C17B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="90DAB39FD5875EDD8EC6136F70D4EDC3">Adeba, Patrick Joel</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9328A8F79E1ABC6CF56C257C58A2C894" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="857B064CD1EF334AAF3E4C53D3D25BB5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D8E445EAC14F7ED04FA5BEE4F0CF59DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D48322F15FE9D38456A00AB8122F8083">Bangoura, Mohamed A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D234EABDAA115CBB85796E7BAA7FF4C5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8EE6984A1A76AEE39D8C521116A8D89D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="24346162E9E19108AD42FE371026D249">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A808D38DABEC8074AAB54FBB5D9A03C3">Gage, Ceri</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7E449D0C9CB61969DE9DC4B3FD60FC79" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1FD1A45F9CF520568D7BEC64032483BC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="798D1F176B0A3F0F6023F4A2C6C0B69B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0CEAEEF320DFA9DE480CC9DCCFCED811">Anderson, Gail</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AB42AA955FB8C886FF2101341EA75EC7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FC355D46DC47AF7ACDE98E4010D53FCD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FE8B37872EA8ADE7F63A1858242D3207">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5A772088E3107560FBE79D9448FFAA3E">Roedel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AB2F56A9C958683D07FFF3E0492C9BFF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="DD3A13A16AB46BFACEA2A2BB07079FC3" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5DE876F65E343538B27D8292FC4CFB13">
|
||
<mods:title id="1FD7CFDEEDE863185C6788D16E9B2B8F">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6771BDBD1FC2E822A0C12A1044350217">
|
||
<mods:date id="E9C784C2BE8F2EEA578BC5F240F70F80">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0746626B70A1211BBF4BA2B0B8C92083" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D313A3F54307B7B51E3E18587203CAED">91</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2718BEEB5163038C9876AE3287749A22" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3C0AB2655BC9AD589CCB16EA97153D83">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1BF785B42D30C4F2DDD82A5B6F963752" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="CD1FCF7BAE59578987543626BC41EF1B">115</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="422BCE756247ACDD43924071E3F9B6BD">149</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="F402C37AD2923BDFAFF622726D3A459D">
|
||
<mods:url id="88C9EA68234C5F391296B2A5BE64699E">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5127</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="12E7A60C9F37929C7E7190D4FECA31E4">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="41F331468E7189DC16E088523235A384" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5127</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="57076DE012EFC339CE34E70665E01CA2" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-115</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CCD237E617684E56CEA29A2EEB1EE69D" type="ZooBank">976CE346480942C284D3414EABFD2217</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="3343B251128D3F906EAC9E9909F997FE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127890133" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:89BB73CC-EC8E-42E9-A075-990A52E711C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3343B251128D3F906EAC9E9909F997FE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<subSubSection id="0CDA17F38BCAAA9A14B5D53E75DB1667" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="A5F3928C367437736051F16A4765F389" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Taxon classification Animalia Anura Odontobatrachidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E30EDBAD59F1F391F5520F33EC3CA542" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A4E154E975180DF0E51CCC482F3F72F" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D74E4C063F24DB169433CFF073ADD1AC" ID-CoL="48P5H" LSID="http://zoobank.org/89BB73CC-EC8E-42E9-A075-990A52E711C5" authority="Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Hirschfeld, Brede, Bangoura & Roedel" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">
|
||
Odontobatrachus ziama Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Hirschfeld, Brede, Bangoura &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D4D2E9273E854A09A872CE5E7DA832B1" originalValue="Rödel">Roedel</normalizedToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="21E0E38E735303C68B724F58DCB94AEB" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB8FFF7BF10A29AD39AE40F60C696B18" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0D724580BD81231E853B16C2E87F1A4" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="283433BCF1CAE6A94AF24ABD790BDF36" LSID="http://zoobank.org/89BB73CC-EC8E-42E9-A075-990A52E711C5" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
OTU1 sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="11C709A3DFD6ADD20CCD521E94BA6284" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7299192085D743B8F1D2F9739C34E1B" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="429FDEFF63DE3F42E88B4C51E9103CD0" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37D030DFC4F47870B8BF1870F0A8C68A" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">ZMB 78300 (male), Republic of Guinea, Ziama Classified Forest (Latitude: 8.35790; Longitude: -9.29993), 668 m a.s.l., 22 November 2008, coll. C. Brede, M.A. Bangoura and J. Doumbia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7E585803CC8A8698CA81421AE159ADDE" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA3342B32F6EFD8130159751E8D389F4" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F870BF6F085522002E3E9AC9015F2E99" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Guinea: ZMB 78298 (female),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E9F28DAED208141CFA018F66A0F39C49" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.36; -9.31), 878 m a.s.l., 11 July 2011; ZMB 78299 (female), same data as holotype; ZMB 78301, ZFMK 95464-65, MHNG 2731.46 (4 females),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B3B0BDF8463A90420E435D534F8489AA" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.36; -9.29), 558 m a.s.l., 30 July 2010; ZMB 78302, MHNG 2731.45 (2 males),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DE63673245454F308ED06660F9A02F12" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.49; -9.31), 960 m a.s.l., 5 August 2010.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC5CFF822F8FF778C7DAAE98AED236D6" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DFA5CD2F32ECBCBA3B093C5097767374" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C24C4F7D9E664107EF5D7F4BC62733DF" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Guinea: ZMB 78251 (male), ZMB 78252 (female), Kankan Region (9.21; -8.93), 1119 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78253-58 (5 females),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CAF557255BB3D2EA3FFBE7415C12DC67" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (7.98; -9.12), 472 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78259 (female), Kankan Region (8.982; -8.96), 606 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78260, ZMB 78263, ZMB 78264 (juvenile), ZMB 78265-7 (5 females), ZMB 78261-2, ZMB 78268-9 (4 males), Kankan Region (9.26; -8.93), 754 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78271 (juvenile),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB478C35856B3AC2A77D4AC28A9F90F8" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.55; -9.08), 529 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78272 (male), Kankan Region (9.16; -8.93), 999 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78273 (male), ZMB 78274-5 (2 females),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B6CB6D931CE3525F887A763B215498A" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.89; -8.62), 646 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78276-7 (2 females), ZMB 78278 (juvenile),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C8CD559ED001301E663823FBC30121A1" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.55; -8.90), 1201 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78279-80 (2 females),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="382E14AE344D01A93D730C65760BA112" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.85; -8.89), 937 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78281 (female), ZMB 78282 (male),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BB9E59D867B280C6671E9F245AF1CED8" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.82; -8.86), 726 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78283 (juvenile),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0940261EB293C84D33C6DD19E32CE22A" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.52; -8.94), 600 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78284 (male), ZMB 78285-6, ZMB 78288 (3 females), ZMB 78287 (juvenile),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2404B5C7F38C1C89919CE4339937AADC" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.53; -8.91), 1310 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78289-91 (3 males) ZMB 78292 (female),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C73887F5936BAC990DE89E28F57309FB" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.14; -8.57), 622 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78295 (female),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2608B6BDA747A88F42CECC3081BB13B5" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.28; -8.74), 908 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78296 (male), ZMB 78297 (female),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BFDCC8C511C665599285B8C43C96B380" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (8.33; -8.71), 701 m a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E919E1C38142EC6C242AA7C78758ACE2" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="86931AC286FBBBA0F608AFAA49ED1C45" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24E05F65F0F45B959039DF1B137A3790" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Medium sized frogs, robust body shape; head narrow, smallest tympanum diameter/eye diameter ratio in the family, webbing fully developed, leaving up to 0.5 of the distal phalange free at the inner side of toe II, leaving up to 0.5-0.75 of the distal phalange free at toe IV; male femoral glands dark orange; glandular lines on tibia contain minuscule to small conic glands forming a pretty continuous line, belly pattern highly variable. Genetically
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F31C3F4207B5AB70A532EDCC52007111" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by a minimum of 2.89% in the mitochondrial 16S gene from its congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23F299AC928ED63CABDA7725D49304C0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="92C037BFA2AA25BD1654AEC61BF1783C" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE4763951664DBAF028D2EC8E9401D69" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AACBBE86D872D5007B6CF274E475E5E" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters (for all significant differences see Table 5): SUL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A233990F6E7C647093A667DCDCC1B4A5" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88EC1248B16F0C8B2853FDA8AA3F5CAD" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A7C8871CFBE3C5DB721F4BF0D32E98" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tables 1 and 2); male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CCFD32EA62BEA876C73D516D9703E5" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from their congeners in the following ratios (Table 1): HW/SUL smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECD4C4A7AC0E7D7451F5E3D91EEE226F" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24FB0DA98D9EC097FA0601C968C6A706" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F4240B0C8754F4851C16065F9D742AD" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
; TD/O smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0AC7A1A87CE634615C0AE480CF4DD84" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6C2A248B7534CB8EF49C0C1E152F24D" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; O/EN larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="755DE6927735213780EBEE9584DEB59A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04B1562F30D268F617E5A7254B8E5B9F" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; TD/SUL smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9EA5F286D0FD14ED46A8F88EBE0FA4" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
; GL/GW smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A425DF79BCB8A0B21DB7AA78F89701E" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
but larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4D4F4286A7C6949DFDD0931972EA26F" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
; female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6C096B62A6BC4EA4D628EAFB0745142" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from their congeners by the following ratios (Table 2): HW/SUL smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC04A963FC1F38973A94246F95112894" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16D738C157D86287B6AAA36FAA1BA25A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F391E649F9CA17AAF6A9B643267636CD" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
; TD/O smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64D8105E46DA2DED38E23F56BE4B435E" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E30D392F64E30FB0903C76996E813B48" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA02EF7D817E8B53C23C618B4338F4C9" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFF3BC4B024991EFA2D488AF344F2600" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||
; O/EN larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C2D86B99BDD83398F50D5F72E3646D" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9877ACF07B798C5C36E68306C2DD3A15" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D80161892B229460115B2EC1BB7D234A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
; TD/SUL smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F45FBBCA0B6072E4059905D09ED881A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D764D205BD72D41C34D257BC10D30461" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="784E55D74C2ECB76CE1029A37FEE9176" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Webbing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3494778B084D7B2ED9DAD6E4BEAF648E" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more more extensive than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86842722662092B66A6AE8F244DF94B1" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
, less extensive than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1983B4FF17DAC0F7AD16A6D33C40DB5D" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AAC15718A023F742CCDF57F063802CC" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
and possesses a similar extent to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BB54A31D2697D88AB50B699807FD4DD" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 7). Femoral glands are dark orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="431974BDCCA89ED2FC2D889523CE9D9D" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
but rose-coloured in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C48254945F1ABFBB8C830B385796947A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pale orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C7A345E23673327828A0B8895B9BF1A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and bright orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A5F88F3ED842C469FDC3A15394620D1" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 4, 6, 8, 10). Glandular lines on tibia contain minuscule to small conic glands forming almost continuous lines (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4A986566B480876D50E618636D08EB86" originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
), while small to large glands form more or less interrupted lines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C39BC542EC40878D51804EAC133C49BC" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F3C8945402826D32BC6AE25958110857" originalValue="a–e">a-e</normalizedToken>
|
||
), small to mean conic glands form predominantly interrupted lines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B2226275E58A5CF98C3BC70204D9885" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 8a, b), small to large glandular conic glands, rather interrupted lines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="682F791C17028C7EB7C7594DFAA9C1C8" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 10b, c). and similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="174A20CF4D0BBE0ACCE19BDBE2CA7019" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
small to mean glandular conic glands form hardly interrupted lines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9091DAA16F707D69C7B8529F7A470FB0" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 12b, c). Morphologically the species is most similar in size and colour pattern to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E430803FA7A6FC56325F7AF8BA618C0" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 7); however, they differ in several mensural characters: male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8F7EBB8869CF450EDA03BD7A396B62" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
have larger SUL, but smaller HW, TD, O and extremities (FM, TI,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8BAD230D9891A205F3CBE38234F99038" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" start="start">FL</pageBreakToken>
|
||
); female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86118BFE07FCA997226A697720F379A7" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
have smaller HW, O, ID and extremities (FM, TI, FL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1177E8B57B3A533034A3FBB25337AB43" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" type="genetics">
|
||
<paragraph id="351DD132E21CE05F81A02A19A8E5DF3A" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Genetics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="45A2481C76EDF41A19601E9CE36E599E" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
The species is genetically well differentiated from all congeners and known populations form a well-supported and monophyletic clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D3D810EEAB85F3F00F45552C800E30E" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Uncorrected 16S p-distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9996CB5BABAFA9463818A8F84C58ED7" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB6715EDFE4240850A6798DE59E06C7" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Odontobatrachus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species range from 2.89-5.41%, while maximum intrataxon differences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68DDF9FDCDF07DA984F4CAB2DA9A634E" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
add up to 0.38% (mean value 0.18%; N = 496; Appendix 1: Table A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DD4BD7065C67309293CA9E72528ACA2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" type="holotype description">
|
||
<paragraph id="89995A48B2981AC76920BA16CA4242B6" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Holotype description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B89BEACDFA5CD5F8964F160B22BA3D8B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
The male holotype has been correctly assigned to this taxon in both DCA analyses (absolute values and ratios). The holotype is an adult male with a moderately robust body shape (Fig. 5): snout-urostyle length of 46.1 mm; head width 15.5 mm; head slightly longer than broad; snout in lateral view short, flattened and slightly pointed at the snout tip; snout in dorsal view pointed; lower jaw with sharp tusk-like prolongations and single small knob at lower jaw symphysis with corresponding socket in between
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="AC508CF3A76757722CE4812624F3C83B" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" start="start">premaxillae</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; upper premaxillae and maxillae with numerous teeth, posteriorly curved; vomerine teeth present, arranged in two small odontophores, closer to each other than to choanae; tongue broadly heart shaped; horizontal eye diameter 6.5 mm; interorbital distance 4.8 mm; pupil horizontally elliptical; eye diameter distinctly larger than tympanum diameter; tympanum indistinct (horizontal diameter 3.5 mm); nares closer to snout than to eye; snout as long as eye diameter; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region concave; paired lateral vocal sacs; forelimbs moderately slender, forearms slightly hypertrophied, fingers slender; prepollex absent; relative finger lengths III>IV>II>I; velvety nuptial excrescences on finger I weakly developed; subarticular tubercles large, subconical; supernumerary tubercles absent; fingertips dilated, triangular, notched in the middle; femur length 24.1 mm; tibia length 24.4 mm; femoral glands large (length
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD0A80102327E42FF36E45409C238293" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width: left: 12.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AD4500093E03429B3D31BE05C152CE06" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.6 mm, right: 12.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2ECCF885F1A9A2575E4DEA715FD3FF8F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.5 mm); femoral glands positioned on the posterior part of the ventral side of femur; relation femoral gland length to femur length: 0.53; minuscule circular glands running along upper side of tibia; foot length (incl. longest toe) 32.0 mm; relative toe lengths IV>III≥V>II>I; shortest toe 5.5 mm; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical; toe tips broadened forming triangular dilated discs; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent (3.7 mm); number of subconical subarticular tubercles on toes I-V: 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; supernumerary tubercles absent; prominent skin fold on posterior side of feet; dorsal skin texture heterogeneous; dorsum and flanks covered with slender dorsal ridges of app. 2.6 mm length (partially flattened, but recognisable as darker spots); venter smooth; flank texture as on dorsum; webbing fully developed (0-0.25/0-0.75/0-1/1.25-0); webbing between toes hardly concave. Damage to the male holotype: left femur (in dorsal view) with short cut; third toe of left foot (in dorsal view) clipped for tissue sample; glandular dorsal ridges partially not recognisable due to preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="25E00029CB8622485E207E0563EECCFE" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<paragraph id="726E286A6832061971916FBC876A8FC0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Figure 5. Male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C94DAFC862DF9E2EF091A60050AE5FFC" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (ZMB 78300) in ventral and dorsal view (top from left to right, scale bar: 10 mm); head in lateral view, details of pedal webbing, details of hand (bottom left to right, scale bar: 5 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81025C475C549E80C484179984F4D066" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="colouration of holotype in alcohol">
|
||
<paragraph id="9502B6BB38E9B15180980209EF8374B6" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Colouration of holotype in alcohol</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8417FB3EA20FA0033AB17967FF00DD22" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">(Fig. 5). Dorsum brownish, marbled with small dark spots (partially indicating presence of former dorsal gland ridges), a pale marking between shoulders; hind limbs on upper side with large dark blotches, surrounded with blurred pale lines; throat dark showing pale markings of scratches (scars); venter dark; femoral glands pale, clearly contrasted against femora, with few minuscule dark dots; femora and tibia dark as belly.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24C41454E5F861E91CD1306553F39A83" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="14146807CD11B5293A59442FBFC765B8" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C6E8319A5376B7F6B2B5E4C392AC0FA3" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Females are significantly larger than males (SUL: Z = -4.164, p <0.001, Nmales = 11, Nfemales = 30), mean SUL in females 52.1 mm and 45.1 mm in males, and consequently possess longer extremities (FM: Z = -3.649, p <0.001; TI: Z = -4.665, p <0.001; FL: Z = -3.694, p <0.001), broader heads (HW: Z = -3.638, p <0.001), longer snouts (EN: Z = -3.261, p <0.01; ES: Z = -2.402, p <0.05) and larger eyes (O: Z = -2.431, p <0.05) in absolute measurements (Tables 1 and 2). However, ratios are predominantly similar between the two sexes, although males show higher values in FL/SUL (Z = -2.119, p <0.05), FM/SUL (Z = -1.883, p = 0.06), HW/SUL (Z = -3.119, p <0.01) and TD/SUL (Z = -1.942, p = 0.52). Both sexes possess enlarged tusk-like prolongations in the lower jaw as well as the name-bearing
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DDDAD6B10C690DDB2197220F941B1A5D" originalValue="‘teeth’">'teeth'</normalizedToken>
|
||
on the upper jaw. Male secondary sexual characters are femoral glands, velvety nuptial excrescences on finger I and presence of vocal sacs. Male femoral glands are dark orange (Fig. 6f). Several specimens marked as males in the field lacked obvious secondary sexual characters (femoral glands) and flanks were opened to assess primary sexual characters. Probably due to preservation, femoral glands were not contrasted against the femora, and skin of vocal sacs shrivelled and retracted; however, one male showed no trace of skin modification on femora even if the typical gland position was cut open (ZMB 78262). Webbing formulae show very extensive webbing (Table 7). However, few specimens show a little reduced webbing on toe IV leaving almost the whole distal phalange free (1/1). Dorsal ridges are either long and slender (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0DEECFC78D2FFB3DCD8EE43573EDA3BC" originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
) or are roundish and knob-like (Fig. 6d). Number of distinct dorsal ridges (counted from spine to flank) ranges between three and seven, usually four to five ridges per body site. However, both characters were not recognisable due to preservation artefacts in many specimens. Glandular ridges on tibia are usually built of small to large conic glands and form more or less interrupted lines (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A72E6D50BA0AB0FC650C74EC4B4940A0" originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Dorsal colouration (in life) varies from uniform dark brown or olive, to dark brownish with pale irregular markings, to ochre with brownish spots and dorsal ridges are set off in terms of colour by usually being darker than the remaining dorsum (Fig. 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D631EABAE78B8592075FF94B6F22A971" author="Roedel, M-O" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" pagination="201 - 232" title="A conservation assessment of amphibians in the Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (AmphibiaAnuraRanidae)." url="10.1080/03946975.2004.10531206" volume="17" year="2004">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42ADECEB1FD1B292BF65B9D7430B0F79" originalValue="Rödel">Roedel</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Bangoura 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Male femoral glands are dark orange (Fig. 6f). Belly colouration (in alcohol) is very variable, ranging from completely pale, to dirty smeared pale-dark, to pale reticulation on dark belly, to dark throat and pale belly, to dark throat and belly with pale longitudinal lines to dark with few pale markings, to completely dark, showing no sex-dependant differentiation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="070CAD3CBEB4500B4651C973542A7E13" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<paragraph id="CFBEB658113CAFC8E9D2F4CBCF12B611" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B746C4E5321D08EAD412B85F2BE91" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in life: a) female paratype ZFMK 95465 Ziama Forest, Guinea; b) female paratype MHNG 2731.46, from Ziama Forest, Guinea; c) female ZMB 78267, Kankan Region, Guinea; d) female ZMB 78263, Kankan Region, Guinea; e) ventral view of ZFMK 95465; f) colouration of femoral glands in male ZMB 78269. Mind the variation in shape of snout in lateral view from rounded (b) to pointed (d) and the variation in shape of dorsal ridges ranging from sub-elliptical (a, b), elongated (c) to conic (d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="21B568A920A4EADAF452DBC634899760" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B05EC38EA25897E613F698D7ADB6836A" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="30F2CC01467E498C91408314DDEEB056" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A8F3302AFE7FD95EE4DAB0EDD7E9FEE" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to isolated mountains north of the Nimba Mts. in south-eastern Guinea (Fig. 1). Its range apparently overlaps with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1C4FA47A4220B91521055D5899B44F9" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the latter is found in proximity to the Simandou Mountain Range, Massif du Ziama or Mt. Going. However, no syntopic populations are known so far. At present no differing habitat requirements or ecological adaptations are known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5400DF55DC09D91FD853CEE328A538AE" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which could explain their spatial separation. Presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D68D81C6B487AB2F41CB6AB03DE70C40" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lower altitudes (e.g. Liberia, Grand Gedeh 250-500 m a.s.l.) could be a factor but both species co-occur in altitudes of app. 500-1300 m a.s.l. in the distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FFBA6975EF0994DAB0F01BFA1BF3DD3" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58BA519F7BAED0AA6A9E5F29E88CFB86" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" type="natural history remark">
|
||
<paragraph id="52C0CBE265F4F44BC6ED45551BB436D5" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="73DA20B42CBE43E3D4160AD596080CE2" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" start="start">Natural</pageBreakToken>
|
||
history remark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A2D9845BE8992E94969AF1001D38F" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41556FE7CCBCD41FFED0F977184A08CA" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known as a host of the endoparasitic mite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8118C500A6CE4B88548EC043BDA068E9" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Endotrombicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Endotrombicula pillersi" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pillersi">Endotrombicula pillersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, otherwise known from members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01572BBE8C1B3B929F5B30FBA7AC5CF6" family="Phrynobatrachidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rank="family">Phrynobatrachidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB0176840B86AD587C144C372C60114D" author="Wohltmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Folia Parasitologica" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" pagination="225 - 235" title="Endoparasitic mites of the genus Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona: Trombiculidae) from African an Madagascan anurans, with description of a new species." url="10.14411/fp.2007.031" volume="54" year="2007">Wohltmann et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F85710EE6F80D9ABBC83A32C4FFECE6E" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C7F43F165C43E4321AC7F71F016CE1BF" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BBAC7DC68A341620E091A5662C9AA14E" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">The species epithet ziama is a noun in apposition, therefore invariable, referring to the species' type locality, the Ziama Forest, in eastern Guinea.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4783E73A67C741D257707715E1FFD1DA" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" type="common name">
|
||
<paragraph id="32A0E5766C909EAA7F1415F0D2178D6B" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Common name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B225C17997D90AD1EF8E561F6944A37" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
|
||
We advise to use the term
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E3459C74515AA1B8FC9294561A9164E1" originalValue="‘‘">''</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ziama
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9222AF33699A38D4A8B8D58AD2B5AFBC" originalValue="torrent-frog’’">torrent-frog''</normalizedToken>
|
||
in English and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F79001C9430C8E554E48AC1B1CB29E9F" originalValue="‘‘">''</normalizedToken>
|
||
grenouilles des torrents de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="089F93DF4D3BD8B8CD0B4DC50C1C85DD" originalValue="Ziama’’">Ziama''</normalizedToken>
|
||
in French.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDE132B0B732D4E7D47248771A289AC5" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="930568A82388CB8FFE1D9DE32FF98054" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="10921B973F31D8F2A5B67AFDABB56888" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
|
||
The EOO of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03C62930CC821626C94FEEC84B4D2F5E" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 7797 km2, placing the species in the category "Vulnerable (VU)" while the AOO of 104 km2 classifies the species as "Endangered (EN)" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3AD9AAB93889FAC0AE986DC5E4D72EB6" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |