210 lines
31 KiB
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210 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="308F4BD87A9EEAB8CDD13BD7C66140A7" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00314.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432328" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630429767966" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sinclair, Bradley J., Borkent, Art & Wood, D. Monty" docDate="2007" docId="0E458F02FF87B245FBEFFDC2FE90F8F5" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2007.00314.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00314.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Thaumaleidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="726" masterDocId="F27CF77AFF89B255FFEFFF95FFA1FF85" masterDocTitle="The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance" masterLastPageNumber="742" masterPageNumber="711" pageNumber="725" updateTime="1699266673815" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="680161AA7BF57EB07895EE2E9B0565B0">
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<mods:title id="120CA650757D2D49F2B107FEC77AE163">The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="76E60915E384275BE241C851463374D1">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E17D6BADC83402204B9BF673B93E1981" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="05EC0D272A646B059B445B6983F961D1">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16D891F6155A82CD1E08CC9E79AAB898">Wood, D. Monty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7DB617CFD35936C3B8FD1071B9885786">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="10668A703F22798B0BB96A3348ACC1F9">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4C44184D072EB8E36705D537CC629C71">
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<mods:date id="59CED6DF1D42ACA282CE92BAA3A1E7CE">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="09C954C693BD43C99E8843EF57AFED73" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="4C1A429C108C6A91C4478A93509B2831">2007-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8AE27293A7BA5E60CB90DF5EC31FD1D4">150</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="2987C6F44F2ED5B612750BCEB711A918">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00314.x</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="EFB91BD3DBB82323CB2310BB02D42801" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0E458F02FF87B245FBEFFDC2FE90F8F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E458F02FF87B245FBEFFDC2FE90F8F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E458F02FF87B245FBEFFDC2FE90F8F5" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="726" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<subSubSection id="CEF66D9FFF87B25BFBEFFDC2FB15FDEB" box="[1024,1204,599,623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="86533E14FF87B25BFBEFFDC2FB15FDEB" blockId="14.[1024,1204,599,623]" box="[1024,1204,599,623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<heading id="DD1B8978FF87B25BFBEFFDC2FB15FDEB" box="[1024,1204,599,623]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF87B25BFBEFFDC2FB15FDEB" ID-CoL="H5H" ID-ENA="41814" baseAuthorityName="Wood & Borkent" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1024,1204,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">THAUMALEIDAE</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEF66D9FFF87B245FCC9FD15FE90F8F5" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="727" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" type="description">
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<paragraph id="86533E14FF87B25BFCC9FD15FB06FD10" blockId="14.[806,1191,640,661]" box="[806,1191,640,661]" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFCC9FD15FB06FD10" box="[806,1191,640,661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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Description (
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFC5BFD15FBACFD10" box="[948,1037,640,661]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[142,220,1269,1288]" captionTargetBox="[305,1262,194,1237]" captionTargetId="figure-333@12.[302,1262,194,1237]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Trichocera sp. (Trichoceridae). B, Dixa yamatoma (Dixidae). C, Dixa yamatoma (Dixidae). D, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae). E, Austrosimulium furiosum group (Simuliidae). F, Chironomus plumosus (Chironomidae). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432338/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFBF7FD15FBF7FD10" box="[1048,1110,640,661]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[142,220,1586,1605]" captionTargetBox="[303,1261,194,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[302,1262,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Androprosopa japonica (Thaumaleidae). B, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5D). C, Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) (Ceratopogonidae) [modified from Pomerantzev (1932)]. D, Chironomus plumosus (L.) (Chironomidae) [modified from Wensler & Rempel (1962)]. E, Austrosimulium furiosum species group (Simuliidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5E). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432342/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">7A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFB8DFD15FB3EFD10" box="[1122,1183,640,661]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[162,240,1024,1043]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,992]" captionTargetId="figure-423@17.[322,1282,193,992]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Male external terminalia. A, Androprosopa americana (Thaumaleidae) (posterior view). B, Androprosopa americana (Thaumaleidae) (posterior view). C, Dixella nicholsoni (Dixidae) (lateral view). D, Dixella nicholsoni (Dixidae) (posterior view; gonostyli removed). aed, aedeagus; cerc, cercus; gst, gonostylus; hyprct, hypoproct; pm, paramere; v pl, ventral plate. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except in B scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432344/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">8A, B</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86533E14FF87B25BFCC9FD3AFC53FCA5" blockId="14.[806,1422,686,800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFCC9FD3AFCCCFD41" box="[806,877,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Testis:</emphasis>
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Each testis is rounded and oval, often thickly clothed with pigment granules (fat cells) and lying along the lateral margin of the accessory gland complex or lying free.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86533E14FF87B25BFCC9FCADFB31FCCB" blockId="14.[806,1168,824,846]" box="[806,1168,824,846]" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFCC9FCADFC11FCC8" box="[806,944,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Epididymis:</emphasis>
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Not differentiated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86533E14FF87B25BFCC9FCF2FB4AFB69" blockId="14.[806,1422,870,1260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFCC9FCF2FC1AFCFE" box="[806,955,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Vas deferens:</emphasis>
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The apical third of each of the ducts is enlarged in
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<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF87B25BFC2EFC10FAE0FC1E" authority="(Okada)" baseAuthorityName="Okada" box="[961,1345,901,923]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Androprosopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFC2EFC10FB73FC1F" box="[961,1234,901,922]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Androprosopa japonica</emphasis>
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(Okada)
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</taxonomicName>
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, filled with spermatozoa and terminates near the anterior margin of the first chamber of the accessory gland complex (
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFC7EFC74FC44FC72" box="[913,997,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[142,220,1586,1605]" captionTargetBox="[303,1261,194,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[302,1262,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Androprosopa japonica (Thaumaleidae). B, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5D). C, Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) (Ceratopogonidae) [modified from Pomerantzev (1932)]. D, Chironomus plumosus (L.) (Chironomidae) [modified from Wensler & Rempel (1962)]. E, Austrosimulium furiosum species group (Simuliidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5E). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432342/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
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). The vasa deferentia are fused medially only for a short distance, prior to entering the gland. In other species, the ducts unite along the midline, lying on the dorsal surface of the fused accessory gland complex (
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFC0BFBCEFB99FBF4" box="[996,1080,1115,1137]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[142,220,1586,1605]" captionTargetBox="[303,1261,194,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[302,1262,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Androprosopa japonica (Thaumaleidae). B, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5D). C, Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) (Ceratopogonidae) [modified from Pomerantzev (1932)]. D, Chironomus plumosus (L.) (Chironomidae) [modified from Wensler & Rempel (1962)]. E, Austrosimulium furiosum species group (Simuliidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5E). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432342/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
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). The ducts enter the gland complex either just posterior to the anterior margin at the base of small apical lobes (
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<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF87B25BFB94FB0CFC1AFB48" authority="Theischinger" authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zentae">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFB94FB0CFA2CFB2B" box="[1147,1421,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Austrothaumalea zentae</emphasis>
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Theischinger
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</taxonomicName>
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) or near the midpoint of the anterior section (
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<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF87B25BFC8CFB43FB46FB69" authority="(Bezzi))" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" box="[867,1255,1238,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Androprosopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFC8CFB43FB25FB69" box="[867,1156,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Androprosopa americana</emphasis>
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(Bezzi))
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86533E14FF87B25BFCC9FA91FB24F963" blockId="14.[806,1422,1284,1766]" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFCC9FA91FB7AFA9C" box="[806,1243,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Accessory gland and seminal vesicle:</emphasis>
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The accessory gland complex is divided into a multichambered gland, comprising enlarged, elliptical sacs, united medially, and appearing to be divided into three to four pairs of chambers. In both
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<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF87B25BFB7AFAEAFA2CFA10" box="[1173,1421,1407,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Androprosopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFB7AFAEAFA94FA11" box="[1173,1333,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Androprosopa</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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examined, the anterior-most chambers are much larger. In
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<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF87B25BFC79FA29FB3FFA57" box="[918,1182,1468,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Androprosopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFC79FA29FB3FFA57" box="[918,1182,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Androprosopa japonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the middle and posterior pairs of chambers are oval and rather stout (
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFCC1FA6CFC20F98A" box="[814,897,1529,1551]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[142,220,1586,1605]" captionTargetBox="[303,1261,194,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[302,1262,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Androprosopa japonica (Thaumaleidae). B, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5D). C, Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) (Ceratopogonidae) [modified from Pomerantzev (1932)]. D, Chironomus plumosus (L.) (Chironomidae) [modified from Wensler & Rempel (1962)]. E, Austrosimulium furiosum species group (Simuliidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5E). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432342/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
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, the middle chamber is hidden by the curvature of the vasa deferentia). The opaque condition of the genital tract of the other two species prevented clear determination of the inner divisions of the gland.
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<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF87B25BFCC9F9E1FB9BF90F" authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" box="[806,1082,1652,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zentae">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFCC9F9E1FB9BF90F" box="[806,1082,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Austrothaumalea zentae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was characterized by a small apical pair of chambers or swellings on the anterior end of the accessory gland complex (
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFB22F924FA8BF942" box="[1229,1322,1713,1735]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[142,220,1269,1288]" captionTargetBox="[305,1262,194,1237]" captionTargetId="figure-333@12.[302,1262,194,1237]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Trichocera sp. (Trichoceridae). B, Dixa yamatoma (Dixidae). C, Dixa yamatoma (Dixidae). D, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae). E, Austrosimulium furiosum group (Simuliidae). F, Chironomus plumosus (Chironomidae). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432338/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF87B25BFAD8F927FAF9F942" box="[1335,1368,1714,1735]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[142,220,1586,1605]" captionTargetBox="[303,1261,194,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[302,1262,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Androprosopa japonica (Thaumaleidae). B, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5D). C, Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) (Ceratopogonidae) [modified from Pomerantzev (1932)]. D, Chironomus plumosus (L.) (Chironomidae) [modified from Wensler & Rempel (1962)]. E, Austrosimulium furiosum species group (Simuliidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5E). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432342/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">7B</figureCitation>
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). No seminal vesicle was identified.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86533E14FF87B25AFCC9F96BFEBEF9AB" blockId="14.[806,1422,1790,1904]" lastBlockId="15.[162,778,1499,1582]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="726" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">
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<emphasis id="B498E206FF87B25BFCC9F96BFC4AF896" box="[806,1003,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="725">Ejaculatory duct:</emphasis>
|
|
The modified accessory gland complex empties posteriorly into broad, paired ejaculatory ducts. The ejaculatory ducts fuse to form a single, wide duct just prior to the external genitalia. The duct appears to be encircled by a layer of circular muscle and is characterized by a deep Z-like bend near the midlength.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="D2936E9CFF86B25AFF4DFA9AFBECFA12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432340/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" startId="15.[162,240,1295,1314]" targetBox="[323,1281,195,1262]" targetPageId="15">
|
|
<paragraph id="86533E14FF86B25AFF4DFA9AFBECFA12" blockId="15.[162,1443,1295,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFF4DFA9AFEABFAA7" bold="true" box="[162,266,1295,1314]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFCADFA85FBF5FAA7" box="[834,1108,1295,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Dixidae" genus="Dixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamatoma">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFCADFA85FC4BFAA7" box="[834,1002,1296,1314]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Dixa yamatoma</emphasis>
|
|
(Dixidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5B). B,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFE73FAB9FD46FABA" box="[412,743,1324,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFE73FAB9FDB3FABA" box="[412,530,1324,1343]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
|
sp. (Corethrellidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[modified from
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E27D43E5FF86B25AFC7BFAB8FBEAFABA" author="McKeever S" box="[916,1099,1324,1344]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" pagination="354 - 363" refId="ref22521" refString="McKeever S. 1985. Morphology of the male reproductive system of Corethrella (Diptera: Chaoboridae). International Journal of Entomology 27: 354 - 363." type="journal article" year="1985">McKeever (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
]. C,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFB94FAB9FEB5FAD8" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFB94FAB9FA00FABA" box="[1147,1441,1324,1343]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Anopheles quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|
(Culicidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[modified from
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E27D43E5FF86B25AFE29FADFFD6BFAD8" author="Hodapp CJ & Jones JC" box="[454,714,1354,1373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" pagination="832 - 844" refId="ref21633" refString="Hodapp CJ, Jones JC. 1961. The anatomy of the adult male reproductive system of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Culicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 54: 832 - 844." type="journal article" year="1961">Hodapp & Jones (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
]. D,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFCEFFADFFCDAFAD8" box="[768,891,1354,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFCEFFADFFCDAFAD8" box="[768,891,1354,1373]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Ptychoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
nr
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFC47FADFFB18FAD8" box="[936,1209,1354,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Androprosopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFC47FADFFBA0FAD9" box="[936,1025,1354,1372]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">japonica</emphasis>
|
|
(Ptychopteridae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(scale bar = 0.1 mm). E,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFF2FFAF2FDF3FAFF" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[192,594,1383,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFF2FFAF2FE3CFAFF" box="[192,413,1383,1402]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Ptychoptera lacustris</emphasis>
|
|
(Ptychopteridae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[modified from
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E27D43E5FF86B25AFD13FAFDFCD7FAFF" author="Just JP" box="[764,886,1383,1403]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" pagination="305 - 388" refId="ref21818" refString="Just JP. 1973. Die Anatomie der Postabdomina von Phlebotomus garnhami Heisch, Guiggsberg und Teesdale, Pericoma palustris Meigen und Liriope lacustris Meigen (Diptera, Nematocera). Zoologische Jahrbucher Anatomie 91: 305 - 388." type="journal article" year="1973">Just (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
]. acc gl, accessory gland; acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; sem ves, seminal vesicle; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="86533E14FF86B25AFF4DF9D3FBFEF9AB" blockId="15.[162,778,1606,1904]" lastBlockId="15.[826,1443,1499,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFF4DF9D3FCABF9DE" box="[162,778,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Ejaculatory apodeme, sperm pump, and aedeagus:</emphasis>
|
|
The aedeagus is represented by a flexible membranous tube (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF86B25AFECEF916FED5F91C" box="[289,372,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[162,240,1024,1043]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,992]" captionTargetId="figure-423@17.[322,1282,193,992]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Male external terminalia. A, Androprosopa americana (Thaumaleidae) (posterior view). B, Androprosopa americana (Thaumaleidae) (posterior view). C, Dixella nicholsoni (Dixidae) (lateral view). D, Dixella nicholsoni (Dixidae) (posterior view; gonostyli removed). aed, aedeagus; cerc, cercus; gst, gonostylus; hyprct, hypoproct; pm, paramere; v pl, ventral plate. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except in B scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432344/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
|
), and the sperm pump and ejaculatory apodeme are absent. Dorsally, the aedeagus and flexible phallotrema are supported by the parameres, and ventrally by the ventral or gonocoxal plate (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1ED72291FF86B25AFF45F96BFEBDF896" box="[170,284,1790,1812]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[162,240,1024,1043]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,992]" captionTargetId="figure-423@17.[322,1282,193,992]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Male external terminalia. A, Androprosopa americana (Thaumaleidae) (posterior view). B, Androprosopa americana (Thaumaleidae) (posterior view). C, Dixella nicholsoni (Dixidae) (lateral view). D, Dixella nicholsoni (Dixidae) (posterior view; gonostyli removed). aed, aedeagus; cerc, cercus; gst, gonostylus; hyprct, hypoproct; pm, paramere; v pl, ventral plate. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except in B scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432344/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The parameres are normally paired structures, articulated with the gonocoxal apodemes. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFF4DF8AEFEE9F8D4" baseAuthorityName="Wood & Borkent" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[162,328,1851,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumaleidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the ventral plate (= gonocoxal plate) is a simple, rectangular, thinly sclerotized plate broadly fused laterally to the gonocoxites (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E27D43E5FF86B25AFB3FFA4EFAD3FA75" author="Sinclair BJ" box="[1232,1394,1499,1521]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" pagination="53 - 74" refId="ref23502" refString="Sinclair BJ. 2000. Morphology and terminology of Diptera male genitalia. In: Papp L, Darvas B, eds. Contributions to a manual of palaearctic Diptera, Vol. 1 General and applied dipterology. Budapest: Science Herald, 53 - 74." type="book chapter" year="2000">Sinclair, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 17). This plate lies nearly parallel to the gonocoxites, angled obliquely dorsally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="86533E14FF86B25AFCD5F9D3FB95F891" blockId="15.[826,1442,1606,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFCD5F9D3FC04F9DE" box="[826,933,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
|
The male genital tract of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFB0FF9D3FA25F9D9" baseAuthorityName="Wood & Borkent" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1248,1412,1606,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumaleidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is here described and illustrated in detail for the first time. The configuration of the male tract was briefly described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E27D43E5FF86B25AFC20F937FB27F93D" author="Sinclair BJ" box="[975,1158,1698,1720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" pagination="491 - 499" refId="ref23433" refString="Sinclair BJ. 1992 a. A new species of Trichothaumalea (Diptera: Thaumaleidae) from eastern North America and a discussion of male genitalic homologies. Canadian Entomologist 124: 491 - 499." type="journal article" year="1992">Sinclair (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, but no figures were provided. In this study, three species were examined in detail and the configuration of each conforms to that of other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFC90F96BFB91F891" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[895,1072,1790,1812]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="738" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chironomoidea">Chironomoidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="86533E14FF86B245FCBCF888FE90F8F5" blockId="15.[826,1442,1606,1904]" lastBlockId="16.[142,758,1759,1904]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="727" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">
|
|
The homology of the anterior-most chamber in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF86B25AFA80F888FB88F8D4" authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zentae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B498E206FF86B25AFA80F888FB88F8D4" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="726">Austrothaumalea zentae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
remains uncertain. This small chamber is probably associated with the subapical position of the vas deferens and may function as a seminal vesicle. The subapical termination of the vasa deferentia in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF99B245FEC1F888FE73F8B6" baseAuthorityName="Wood & Borkent" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[302,466,1821,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumaleidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is similar to that of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF99B245FF61F8AEFF49F8D4" box="[142,232,1851,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Dixidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dixidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, whereas in other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EC4597FF99B245FE22F8AEFDDAF8D4" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[461,635,1851,1873]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="738" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chironomoidea">Chironomoidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
the ducts enter apically.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |