154 lines
17 KiB
XML
154 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="A467332C39C09809C5F33B605871D0EE" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629634115413" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Adalsteinsson, Solny A., Branch, William R., Trape, Sébastien, Vitt, Laurie J. & Hedges, S. Blair" docDate="2009" docId="0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E357CFB6AF85A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02244p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2244" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Epictina Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch, New Subtribe" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="F21DFF9BFF9CFFB0FF993047FF95FFD5" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1699087815032" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4F58EFE3D639474A4FE1469946B553F3">Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E78B185E7072006037EE6D9F268CEF93" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79627B531A9B208DACE246B62519B1BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7961CA15954E6D223E89E9003764CFBB">Adalsteinsson, Solny A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C3DFAF10DDE19800006AA0F5C0402509">Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 - 5301 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="12EDE725D70175C108C169E1D4459E0F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A46A7B6E35979095950473B1A6BE0FBA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="13AC8D190FC668156EE371180F1DF5A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EDC99FAFBCFB1C9297F94CE4AC2E4996">Branch, William R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB6265DF87CE3E92998C48A31992A82E">Bayworld, P. O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D54F0E5136132C8643398A60F7902979">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6E393BA7406767449D7DBF383E76E848">Trape, Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8952D19B02D13AE59B3AD2477FAC4F81">Laboratoire ECOLAG, UMR 5119, Université Montpellier II, cc 093, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D621C39DF0ECF411601BEE2033B36706" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8F934151A01EFA257656923F20243CF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2C54CFB16BEA7F00324594ECC62F4A17">Vitt, Laurie J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3493FED6CE454B78202702E75CE72931">Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Zoology Department, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, OK 73072, USA Corresponding author. E-mail: sbh 1 @ psu. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BE19148E05FF401AAB635C483E575C60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CFE492D5848842DAED9721D0A545FF4F">Hedges, S. Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="872B424BE360DE425F67BFB023BAEDE0">Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 - 5301 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AFA45BD3E4BEA5B2CFAEA6A5723258F3" type="email">sbh1@psu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4C0A834C4725E238ED96C2F063A6A6BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A8C4015A469970A13F512034774A48A6">
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<mods:date id="97AB83A6CDB9FF5540AA6B6907B76D4D">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="53642D7144DDA3C8598AF348EC85775E">2009-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5F7E6CFF3A415B00C06D24905B7C2739">2244</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="62FFF0B20B1D49EEF72AB18DE942BD96">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="644405B8B2F40DD184EA7BC181612DC8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E357CFB6AF85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E357CFB6AF85A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E357CFB6AF85A" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF0E357CFC4DFA80" box="[151,984,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF0E357CFC4DFA80" blockId="14.[151,984,1339,1365]" box="[151,984,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="DD7A8199FF92FFBEFF0E357CFC4DFA80" bold="true" box="[151,984,1339,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF0E357CFC4DFA80" bold="true" box="[151,984,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Subtribe
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFE92357CFC8AFA80" authority="Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch" authorityName="Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch" box="[267,799,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" status="subtrib. nov." subTribe="Epictina">Epictina Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFCA579CFF92FFBEFCB5357CFC4DFA80" box="[812,984,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subTribe">New Subtribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF0E35C3FDBEFA49" box="[151,555,1412,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF0E35C3FDBEFA49" blockId="14.[151,555,1412,1436]" box="[151,555,1412,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF0E35C3FE88FA49" bold="true" box="[151,285,1412,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<typeStatus id="59368857FF92FFBEFF0E35C3FF44FA49" box="[151,209,1412,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFEBD35C2FDB2FA49" authority="Gray, 1845: 139" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1845" box="[292,551,1413,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFEBD35C2FEE4FA49" box="[292,369,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Epictia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E21C4B04FF92FFBEFEEE35C2FDB2FA49" author="Gray" box="[375,551,1413,1436]" firstAuthor="Gray" page="139" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref24039" refString="Gray, J. E. (1845) Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collections of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 289 pp." type="book" year="1845">Gray, 1845: 139</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF0E358CFD79F91B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF0E358CFBF8F972" blockId="14.[151,1436,1483,1935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF0E358CFE8DFA30" bold="true" box="[151,280,1483,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Epictina is distinguished from the subtribe
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFCB8358BFCE0FA33" box="[801,885,1484,1510]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Renina">Renina</taxonomicName>
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(see below) by having absent or normal-sized supraoculars (small in
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFE0635B5FE61F9D9" box="[415,500,1522,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" status="subtrib. nov." subTribe="Renina">Renina</taxonomicName>
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) and by having a striped pattern and brightly colored dorsum, often with red and yellow (Table 2). Among other leptotyphlopids, only four West Indian species have stripes, and in three of those species the stripes are dull yellow. Epictina is distinguished from the subtribe
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFB093607FAE0F98F" box="[1168,1397,1600,1626]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Tetracheilostomina">Tetracheilostomina</taxonomicName>
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by having 2 supralabials (
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<quantity id="41759B10FF92FFBEFE3A3621FE7AF955" box="[419,495,1638,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFE6E3621FD4BF955" box="[503,734,1638,1664]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" status="subtrib. nov." subTribe="Tetracheilostomina">Tetracheilostomina</taxonomicName>
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). The support for this group was 69% BP and 100% PP for the four-gene tree (
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF92FFBEFEEF36CAFE29F972" box="[374,444,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,188,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-173@6.[179,1407,184,1660]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A phylogeny of leptotyphlopid snakes based on sequences of four mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA, tRNA- Valine, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b). Maximum likelihood tree of 91 samples and 2,971 sites. Values are ML bootstrap values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities. Outgroups are not shown, but included Typhlopidae (Ramphotyphlops), Boidae (Boa), Pythonidae (Python), and Elapidae (Dendroaspis and Naja). The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study. See Table 1 and Figure 12 for the new classification proposed here." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) and 87% BP and 100% PP for the nine-gene tree (
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF92FFBEFB8E36CAFBF5F972" box="[1047,1120,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1282,1306]" captionTargetBox="[252,1334,313,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-366@7.[252,1335,310,1258]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A phylogeny of leptotyphlopid snakes based on sequences of nine genes: five nuclear genes nine (amelogenin, BDNF, C-mos, NT3, and RAG1) and four mitochondrial and nuclear genes (12S rRNA, tRNA-Valine, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b). Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the nine-gene data set (24 species; 5,563 sites). Values are ML bootstrap values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities. Outgroups are not shown, but included Typhlopidae (Ramphotyphlops), Boidae (Boa), Pythonidae (Python), and Elapidae (Dendroaspis and Naja). The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study. See Table 1 and Figure 12 for the new classification proposed here." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF5C36F4FD79F91B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1483,1935]" box="[197,748,1715,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF5C36F4FEA4F918" bold="true" box="[197,305,1715,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Content.</emphasis>
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Two genera and 29 species (
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<tableCitation id="CB0F034EFF92FFBEFD1B36F3FD4EF91B" box="[642,731,1716,1742]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,240,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Classification of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae. The arrangement used in this study is compared with that in previous classifications (e.g., McDiarmid et al. 1999; Uetz et al. 2009). Abbreviations for geographic regions are: AR (Arabia), CAF (Central Africa), EAF (East Africa), MAM (Middle America), NAM (North America), SAF (South Africa), SAM (South America), SOC (Socotra Island), SWA (Southwest Asia), WAF (West Africa), and WI (West Indies). Species in bold were sampled in the molecular analyses. Undescribed species used in this study are not listed." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF5F369DFAC6F8BD" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF5F369DFAC6F8BD" blockId="14.[151,1436,1483,1935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF5F369DFEF2F921" bold="true" box="[198,359,1754,1780]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The subtribe is distributed from southern
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFCC1369DFC24F921" box="[856,945,1754,1780]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="4449F817FF92FFBEFC5B369DFB88F921" box="[962,1053,1754,1780]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colima</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4449F817FF92FFBEFBB0369DFB06F921" box="[1065,1171,1754,1780]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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) through the lowlands of Middle America, south to
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFE773746FDF7F8CE" box="[494,610,1793,1819]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFD053746FC97F8CE" box="[668,770,1793,1819]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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in South America, but excluding the high Andes. It also occurs on San
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFEC9376FFD81F897" box="[336,532,1832,1858]" name="Salvador Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Salvador Island</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFDBF376FFD0BF897" box="[550,670,1832,1858]" name="Bahamas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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), Cozumel Island (
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFC12376FFC65F897" box="[907,1008,1832,1858]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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), Islas de Bahia and Swan Islands (
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFF063709FE82F8BD" box="[159,279,1870,1896]" name="Honduras" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="4449F817FF92FFBEFEB23709FE26F8BD" box="[299,435,1870,1896]" country="Colombia" name="Providencia y Santa Catalina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">San Andres</collectingRegion>
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and Providencia Islands (
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFD783709FCCEF8BD" box="[737,859,1870,1896]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFCF63709FC5AF8BD" box="[879,975,1870,1896]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
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, Margarita Islands, and
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFB713709FAC5F8BD" box="[1256,1360,1870,1896]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF5C3732FB6AF85A" box="[197,1279,1909,1935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF5C3732FB6AF85A" blockId="14.[151,1436,1483,1935]" box="[197,1279,1909,1935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF5C3732FEABF85A" bold="true" box="[197,318,1909,1935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This subtribe comprises the major radiation of leptotyphlopids in South America.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |