157 lines
18 KiB
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157 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="0C2F756BA6D6F054066E309BD12A547C" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629634115413" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Adalsteinsson, Solny A., Branch, William R., Trape, Sébastien, Vitt, Laurie J. & Hedges, S. Blair" docDate="2009" docId="0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E31B4FBE8FB37" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02244p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2244" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Epictini Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch, New Tribe" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="F21DFF9BFF9CFFB0FF993047FF95FFD5" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1699087815032" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="006385AA27F83F983BC95B5D8E1E842A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="841D6CE3868F356BCAEC693FB4EC054E">
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<mods:title id="C4428A8F547E4C6C9E3A435BA2EEB1E8">Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="58BDAE420777FC7313F65A8A1BEE4B13" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="39F60BDB726D02BD9CD7831CA713DDDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F373785047D580FCA7B5A7008A0F76CB">Adalsteinsson, Solny A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB1EF2A67F35440A09C77249C1A41887">Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 - 5301 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="559FE8DB07FC9CEA29F503426CA232CE">Branch, William R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4D19876E4F965BF70DB21224622D3708">Bayworld, P. O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="530D47A19289FBD183160A3F43E2C21A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8D9CCECD2CF241B484D080881C3EC57F">Trape, Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB0E8349F7423D85E69B9E62545FDB91">Laboratoire ECOLAG, UMR 5119, Université Montpellier II, cc 093, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1BD5EF8A9C14BBFFEB889569559D11A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FD29D851C153B38A75CB638512550F16">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="79AC97BE01F48B0C7F79D886707127D3">Vitt, Laurie J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DBD52023F59718C10EA204507D92873F">Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Zoology Department, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, OK 73072, USA Corresponding author. E-mail: sbh 1 @ psu. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="0E20D1651009233FBA92CE0A96207849" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6B880ABDB4E80B5F5A0A66336F868886">Hedges, S. Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0BF7E36485292A441C6201769D90292E">Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 - 5301 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B229A40D491994283C5104FD7EA4FFEA" type="email">sbh1@psu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="131194F6AA864F35914CABD229CA0349">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="26883B74A53B74F3871B3FB95F8EB0FC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B469D4C78C11EDD96DA31131134BC10B">
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<mods:date id="691F429E5E01D0A8E32FE327EA1EF34B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="367221817B64BAFF03659B6D950E5D37" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="92DACEE43D0BCB02BE946B558452E43E">2009-10-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="B48D6FF093462756FF87E7E47A678111" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F92900714FDEDD74F35130DC0F2C8801">2244</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="3D93A7C1B281FEE8A54A3E645A429638" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="10C9C7AA689AA6597C9AC78FE93447AF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7BB4F77CB2921560AC0596087B11A619">50</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8F4863DDC9E76C814FDF8597B8815537">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0976DA1FF4A996E1C950E05D4483DD3D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E31B4FBE8FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333922" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E31B4FBE8FB37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E2487E3FF92FFBEFF0E31B4FBE8FB37" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF0E31B4FC15FDD8" box="[151,896,499,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF0E31B4FC15FDD8" blockId="14.[151,896,499,525]" box="[151,896,499,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="DD7A8199FF92FFBEFF0E31B4FC15FDD8" bold="true" box="[151,896,499,525]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF0E31B4FC15FDD8" bold="true" box="[151,896,499,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFF7B31B4FD7AFDD8" authority="Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch" authorityName="Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch" box="[226,751,499,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Epictini">Epictini Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFCA579CFF92FFBEFD6431B4FC15FDD8" box="[765,896,499,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="tribe">New Tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF0E327BFDBEFD81" box="[151,555,572,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF0E327BFDBEFD81" blockId="14.[151,555,572,596]" box="[151,555,572,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF0E327BFE88FD81" bold="true" box="[151,285,572,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<typeStatus id="59368857FF92FFBEFF0E327BFF44FD81" box="[151,209,572,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFEBD327AFDB2FD81" authority="Gray, 1845: 139" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1845" box="[292,551,573,596]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFEBD327AFEE4FD81" box="[292,369,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Epictia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E21C4B04FF92FFBEFEEE327AFDB2FD81" author="Gray" box="[375,551,573,596]" firstAuthor="Gray" page="139" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref24039" refString="Gray, J. E. (1845) Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collections of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 289 pp." type="book" year="1845">Gray, 1845: 139</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF0E32C4FC32FC2F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF0E32C4FA00FC06" blockId="14.[151,1436,643,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF0E32C4FE82FD48" bold="true" box="[151,279,643,669]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Members of this tribe have moderate or large anterior supralabial scales, with only two out of 55 species possessing small anterior supralabial scales (
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFC8532EDFC63FD16" authorityName="SAM" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[796,1014,682,707]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unguirostris">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFC8532EDFC63FD16" box="[796,1014,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rena unguirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFBAA32EDFADEFD16" authorityName="SAM" baseAuthorityName="Bailey & Carvalho" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1075,1355,682,707]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Siagonodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupinensis">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFBAA32EDFADEFD16" box="[1075,1355,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Siagonodon cupinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). This contrasts with all other leptotyphlopids (except for six African species) which have small anterior supralabial scales (Table 2). Because the West African members of the
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFCF932BFFC45FCC7" box="[864,976,760,786]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epictinae">Epictinae</taxonomicName>
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(except
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFBAE32BFFB22FCC4" authorityName="Mcdiarmid, Campbell & Toure" authorityYear="1999" box="[1079,1207,760,785]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sundewalli">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFBAE32BFFB22FCC4" box="[1079,1207,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sundewalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) all have the small anterior supralabial, the moderate and large scale conditions appear to be derived (see biogeography section for discussion on hypothesized evolutionary history). Members of two of the three subtribes in this tribe also have species with striped patterns and multiple colors (including yellow, and in some cases, red) (
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF92FFBEFABB332BFAF9FC53" box="[1314,1388,876,902]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1576]" captionTargetId="figure-168@17.[151,1436,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Representatives of the snake Family Leptotyphlopidae from the New World. (A) Epictia albifrons (Brazil, Tocantins, Parque Estadual de Cantão); photograph by Laurie J. Vitt. (B) Epictia alfredschmidti (Peru: Ancash; Malvas); photograph by E. Lehr. (C) Epictia cf. diaplocia (Brazil: Amazonas; Reserva Adolfo Ducke, 30 km N Manaus); photograph by Laurie J. Vitt. (D) Siagonodon brasiliensis (Brazil: Tocantins; Lalapão); photograph by Laurie J. Vitt. (E) Siagonodon septemstriatus (Brazil: Roraima; Fazenda Nova Esperança); photograph by Laurie J. Vitt. (F) Epictia columbi (Bahamas: San Salvador); photograph by S. Blair Hedges." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). In contrast, other leptotyphlopids lack stripes and usually have a brown dorsum. The support for this group was 70% BP and 100% PP for the four-gene tree (
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF92FFBEFD3E33FEFD79FC06" box="[679,748,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,188,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-173@6.[179,1407,184,1660]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A phylogeny of leptotyphlopid snakes based on sequences of four mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA, tRNA- Valine, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b). Maximum likelihood tree of 91 samples and 2,971 sites. Values are ML bootstrap values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities. Outgroups are not shown, but included Typhlopidae (Ramphotyphlops), Boidae (Boa), Pythonidae (Python), and Elapidae (Dendroaspis and Naja). The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study. See Table 1 and Figure 12 for the new classification proposed here." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) and 79% BP and 100% PP for the nine-gene tree (
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF92FFBEFAD933FEFA1DFC06" box="[1344,1416,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1282,1306]" captionTargetBox="[252,1334,313,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-366@7.[252,1335,310,1258]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A phylogeny of leptotyphlopid snakes based on sequences of nine genes: five nuclear genes nine (amelogenin, BDNF, C-mos, NT3, and RAG1) and four mitochondrial and nuclear genes (12S rRNA, tRNA-Valine, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b). Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the nine-gene data set (24 species; 5,563 sites). Values are ML bootstrap values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities. Outgroups are not shown, but included Typhlopidae (Ramphotyphlops), Boidae (Boa), Pythonidae (Python), and Elapidae (Dendroaspis and Naja). The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study. See Table 1 and Figure 12 for the new classification proposed here." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF5F3398FC32FC2F" blockId="14.[151,1436,643,1250]" box="[198,935,991,1018]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF5F3398FEA7FC2C" bold="true" box="[198,306,991,1017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Content.</emphasis>
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Three subtribes, six genera, and 56 species (
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<tableCitation id="CB0F034EFF92FFBEFCA733A7FC00FC2F" box="[830,917,992,1018]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,240,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Classification of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae. The arrangement used in this study is compared with that in previous classifications (e.g., McDiarmid et al. 1999; Uetz et al. 2009). Abbreviations for geographic regions are: AR (Arabia), CAF (Central Africa), EAF (East Africa), MAM (Middle America), NAM (North America), SAF (South Africa), SAM (South America), SOC (Socotra Island), SWA (Southwest Asia), WAF (West Africa), and WI (West Indies). Species in bold were sampled in the molecular analyses. Undescribed species used in this study are not listed." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF5C3441FEA1FB6E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF5C3441FEA1FB6E" blockId="14.[151,1436,643,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF5C3441FEF8FBF5" bold="true" box="[197,365,1030,1056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The tribe is distributed in the New World from North America (California, Utah, and Kansas) south through Middle and South America (exclusive of the high Andes) to
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFBFC346AFB5EFB92" box="[1125,1227,1069,1095]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFA9A346AFAE2FB92" box="[1283,1399,1069,1095]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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on the Atlantic side. It also occurs on San
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFDF13413FCB5FBBB" box="[616,800,1108,1134]" name="Salvador Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Salvador Island</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFCA93413FC37FBBB" box="[816,930,1108,1134]" name="Bahamas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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), Cozumel Island (
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFB183413FB74FBBB" box="[1153,1249,1108,1134]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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), Islas de Bahia and Swan Islands (
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFEE1343DFE64FB41" box="[376,497,1146,1172]" name="Honduras" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="4449F817FF92FFBEFD9E343DFD05FB41" box="[519,656,1146,1172]" country="Colombia" name="Providencia y Santa Catalina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">San Andres</collectingRegion>
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and Providencia Islands (
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFC5F343DFBD4FB41" box="[966,1089,1146,1172]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFBCF343DFB22FB41" box="[1110,1207,1146,1172]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
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, Margarita Islands, and
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF92FFBEFF5134E6FEA5FB6E" box="[200,304,1185,1211]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF92FFBEFF5C3480FBE8FB37" box="[197,1149,1223,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF92FFBEFF5C3480FBE8FB37" blockId="14.[151,1436,643,1250]" box="[197,1149,1223,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF92FFBEFF5C3480FEABFB34" bold="true" box="[197,318,1223,1249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This tribe comprises the New World clade of the Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF92FFBEFB9E348FFBECFB37" box="[1031,1145,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epictinae">Epictinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |