613 lines
74 KiB
XML
613 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="0C6BB2221196456746DBF2F7F64DA93F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3884.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23092a32-4f97-4be9-b796-b6616775c45a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252155" ID-ZooBank="2F61B0CD-9FBA-42CB-958D-28008232F2BF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460968568621" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shinohara, Akihiko, Saito, Takeshi, Ibuki, Shin-Ichi & Hara, Hideho" docDate="2014" docId="039187A68A48FFBF5198F95456B74666" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03884p318.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3884 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Emphytopsis vernalis Shinohara, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="316" masterDocId="FFA8FFDE8A40FFB0510FFF8E5243421B" masterDocTitle="Sawflies of the genus Emphytopsis (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) associated with Stewartia (Theaceae) in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="309" updateTime="1698558365289" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="085B6F164D46A994BF6E95A605D43C9F">
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<mods:title id="DB007EA4590CB200674DA1AE8325A5E0">Sawflies of the genus Emphytopsis (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) associated with Stewartia (Theaceae) in Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D194007C993A0327E5388CC4CBE1E86F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D452C83E116FFCDF074E7403454D87DC">Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FA300BDFF7DFF346C653AAC083B18934">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="212AF46D6FF381BA7A92BDC6B547C2B9">Saito, Takeshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB49B8A307AEEC7B97332A362F0537E3">Ibuki, Shin-Ichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E77B4BB6D22F88F27322A255232B0696">Hara, Hideho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2CEFE2EADC2DE37DC263330393F3CF3D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5B8A06872077794FFEB315A2DDA97766">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D3FE0690F1DEA58749CF229754785BCE">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A98D058B7134C524E5F854549B1908D4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2121FDA490F50D8EAC23CBDDA15618D7">3884</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039187A68A48FFBF5198F95456B74666" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6144110" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119593523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6144110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187A68A48FFBF5198F95456B74666" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187A68A48FFBF5198F95456B74666" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<subSubSection id="C322653B8A48FFB85198F9545083450D" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A48FFB85198F954503044EE" blockId="8.[151,704,1754,1814]" box="[151,627,1754,1781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<heading id="D0CF81DC8A48FFB85198F954503044EE" bold="true" box="[151,627,1754,1781]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB85198F954503044EE" bold="true" box="[151,627,1754,1781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A48FFB85198F954506744EE" authority="Shinohara" authorityName="Shinohara" box="[151,548,1754,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB85198F95453DA44EF" bold="true" box="[151,409,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Emphytopsis vernalis</emphasis>
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Shinohara
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F57D98A48FFB8533EF955503044EE" box="[561,627,1755,1781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A48FFB85198F9735083450D" blockId="8.[151,704,1754,1814]" box="[151,704,1789,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13032A358A48FFB85190F97352A4450D" box="[159,231,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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F–K, 2G–L, 3H–M, 7, 8, 9E–H, L–N, 10)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322653B8A48FFBE5198F8CB50F443B6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A48FFBB5198F8CB57424755" blockId="8.[151,1436,1861,2030]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,1117,2033]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB85198F8CB52AF4545" box="[151,236,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="548388128A48FFB851F5F8CB53204545" box="[250,355,1861,1886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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). Length
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<quantity id="4CC09B558A48FFB850C1F8CB506B4546" box="[462,552,1861,1886]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
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. Brownish white (pale olive green in life) with black marks (
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<figureCitation id="13032A358A48FFB855EFF8CB57684545" box="[1248,1323,1861,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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K, 2G–I). Head with large spot on upper surface, covering frons and large part of vertex, and most of occiput black (
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<figureCitation id="13032A358A48FFB85460F8E752E745BD" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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H–J). Entire antenna and mandible (except for base) black. Pronotum with elongate mark along anterodorsal margin (medially interrupted) and large posteroventral spot black; propleuron and median part of prosternum black; mesoscutum black with whitish marking along borders of median and lateral lobes; mesopostnotum black; mesopleuron black, except for dorsal and median part of mesepisternum; metascutum and metapostnotum black; metapleuron black, except for large part of metepisternum. Legs brownish white with following black: Apical parts of fore and mid femora dorsally, apical parts of fore and mid tibiae, apical parts of fore and mid tarsomeres 1 and all other fore and mid tarsomeres (but not claws), apical 1/3 of hind femur, hind tibia (except for narrow base and basal dorsal surface), hind tarsus (except for very narrow base of tarsomere 1 and claws). Wings hyaline, very feebly stained with blackish brown; veins and stigma blackish brown; veins C and 1A and stigma basally narrowly pale. Abdomen black above, except for pale median longitudinal line; apical ovipositor sheath black.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4766388A49FFB95198F80C511545CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" targetBox="[167,1410,199,1880]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A49FFB95198F80C511545CE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1922,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A49FFB95198F80C5351458C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1922,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A49FFB95017F80C504E4583" box="[280,525,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinoharai">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A49FFB95017F80C504E4583" box="[280,525,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Emphytopsis shinoharai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, lancets, Nanokawagoe, Shikoku, paratype (A–D) and Fudounomine, Honshu (E–H).—A, E, Whole lancets; B, F, 1st to 5th serrulae; C, 6th to 10th serrulae; D, apex of lancet, showing 10th to terminal serrulae; G, 5th to 10th serrulae; H, apex of lancet, showing 11th to terminal serrulae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF4766388A4AFFBA5198F8A453A54566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" targetBox="[151,1426,193,1794]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4AFFBA5198F8A453A54566" blockId="10.[151,1436,1834,1917]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4AFFBA5198F8A453504524" bold="true" box="[151,275,1834,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4AFFBA5014F8A453B5455B" box="[283,502,1834,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4AFFBA5014F8A453B5455B" box="[283,502,1834,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Emphytopsis vernalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, lancets, Honshu, Nakagawa (A–D) and Kanuma (E–G), paratypes.—A, E, Whole lancets; B, F, 1st to 5th serrulae; C, 6th to 9th serrulae; D, apex of lancet, showing 10th to terminal serrulae; G, apical part of lancet, showing 6th to terminal serrulae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF4766388A4BFFBB5198FC7250F9462A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252162/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" targetBox="[151,1433,192,994]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4BFFBB5198FC7250F9462A" blockId="11.[151,1435,1020,1073]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4BFFBB5198FC725350460A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1020,1042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4BFFBB5014FC7253B64609" box="[283,501,1020,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4BFFBB5014FC7253B64609" box="[283,501,1020,1042]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Emphytopsis vernalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, lancet, Mt. Gokaharadake, Kyushu, paratype.—A, Whole lancet; B, 1st to 5th serrulae; C, apical part of lancet, showing 6th to terminal serrulae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4BFFBB51C8FAD7537D4470" blockId="11.[151,1437,1117,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Dorsal and lateral parts of head smooth, with very sparse indistinct punctures; frontal and supraclypeal areas slightly rugose; paraantennal field coriaceous, with dense minute punctures; clypeus rather densely punctured, interspaces smooth. Dorsum of thorax with rather dense, small punctures, interspaces smooth; sunken areas of mesoscutum coriaceous, without punctures; mesoscutellum and its appendage densely punctured with feebly shiny interspaces; metascutellum densely punctured and transversely microsculptured; metapostnotum polished; mesepisternum generally smooth, shallowly rugose dorsally, with rather dense small punctures; mesepimeron impunctate, dorsal part somewhat rugose; metapleuron mostly shallowly rugose. Abdominal segments coriaceous, feebly shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4BFFBB51C8F9FB500A45EA" blockId="11.[151,1437,1117,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
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Anterior margin of labrum triangularly protruding (
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<figureCitation id="13032A358A4BFFBB520CF9FB51064495" box="[771,837,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
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Fig.
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<date id="FF8610708A4BFFBB5238F9F851064495" box="[823,837,1654,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">3</date>
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</figureCitation>
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I); anterior margin of clypeus incised to 0.43× clypeal length, lateral lobes rather stout, rounded at apex; malar space about 0.5× diameter of median ocellus; postocellar area weakly elevated, about as long as wide, lateral furrows weakly curved, subparallel, each with posterior half distinctly deepened to form longitudinal pit (
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<figureCitation id="13032A358A4BFFBB5383F951508D44E3" box="[652,718,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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H); head behind eyes in dorsal view about as long as eye, lateral sides roundly convex, about as wide as across eyes. Antenna hardly tapering toward apex, relative lengths of antennomeres 1–9 about 7: 4: 14: 11: 9: 7: 6: 6: 6 (Fig. 2G–I). Mesoscutellum slightly convex in lateral view, with anterior slope shorter than posterior slope.
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<collectingCountry id="F32F76208A4BFFBB538FF8C450FB4578" box="[640,696,1866,1891]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Hind</collectingCountry>
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tarsomere 1 about 0.85× length of tarsomeres 2–5 together (Fig. 2G–I). Ovipositor sheath about 1.4× length of hind tarsomere 1, apical sheath about as long as basal sheath; apical sheath with both dorsal and ventral margins rounded and apex roundly produced (
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<figureCitation id="13032A358A4BFFBB552AF81F562445B2" box="[1061,1127,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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M). Lancet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4BFFBB55FDF81F570245B2" box="[1266,1345,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,193,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Emphytopsis vernalis, lancets, Honshu, Nakagawa (A – D) and Kanuma (E – G), paratypes. — A, E, Whole lancets; B, F, 1 st to 5 th serrulae; C, 6 th to 9 th serrulae; D, apex of lancet, showing 10 th to terminal serrulae; G, apical part of lancet, showing 6 th to terminal serrulae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252161/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4BFFBB5443F81F571945B2" box="[1356,1370,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1020,1042]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,192,994]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,177,999]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Emphytopsis vernalis, lancet, Mt. Gokaharadake, Kyushu, paratype. — A, Whole lancet; B, 1 st to 5 th serrulae; C, apical part of lancet, showing 6 th to terminal serrulae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252162/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">8</figureCitation>
|
||
) with about 19 serrulae, membrane between serrulae weakly convex; each serrula basally convex and gradually lowered apically, with 8 to 20 minute denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4766388A4CFFBC5198F8D9506E45B1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252163/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" targetBox="[151,1424,193,1856]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4CFFBC5198F8D9506E45B1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1879,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4CFFBC5198F8D953564577" bold="true" box="[151,277,1879,1901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4CFFBC50CFF8D650304576" box="[448,627,1879,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4CFFBC50CFF8D650304576" box="[448,627,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">E. nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–D, I–K) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4CFFBC5226F8D651DC4576" box="[809,927,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4CFFBC5226F8D651D84576" box="[809,923,1879,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratypes (E–H, L–N).—A, E, Genital capsules, dorsal view; B, F, do., ventral view; C, G, I–N, penis valves, lateral view (left dorsal); D, H, valviceps. A–D, K, Nikko; E–J, L, Nakagawa; M, Kanuma; N, Shin-onsen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4766388A4DFFBD5198FC9851D14151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252164/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" targetBox="[153,1430,193,768]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4DFFBD5198FC9851D14151" blockId="13.[151,1436,790,842]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4DFFBD5198FC9853604130" bold="true" box="[151,291,790,812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Number of adult specimens of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4DFFBD53A3FC98516E4137" box="[684,813,790,812]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4DFFBD53A3FC98516E4137" box="[684,813,790,812]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Emphytopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species collected at Wami, Nakagawa, Tochigi Prefecture, showing different timing of emergence. Combined data from 2010 to 2014.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4DFFBD51C8FCF953054793" blockId="13.[151,1437,887,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4DFFBD51C8FCF95342418B" box="[199,257,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A4DFFBD501FFCF953314194" box="[272,370,887,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Nakagawa). Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4DFFBD5391FCF950BB4194" box="[670,760,887,912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Brownish white (pale olive green in life) with black marks (Fig. 2J–L). Head with large spot on upper surface, covering frons and large part of vertex, and most of occiput black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD51EAFC31536B41CC" box="[229,296,959,984]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
K, L). Antenna (except for pale brownish ventral side of flagellum) and mandible (except for base) black. Pronotum with elongate mark along anterodorsal margin and large posteroventral spot black; propleuron except for pale inner ventral margin and median part of prosternum black; mesoscutum black with whitish marking along borders of median and lateral lobes; mesoscutellum brownish white, with anteromedian part black; mesopostnotum black; mesopleuron black, except for dorsal and median parts of mesepisternum; metascutum, metapostnotum and metapleuron black; metascutellum anteriorly black and posteriorly brownish white. Legs brownish white with following black: Narrow apical parts of fore and mid femora dorsally, apical part of fore tibia, apical and ventral parts of mid tibia, apical part of fore tarsomere 1 and all other fore and mid tarsomeres (but not claws), wide dorsal part and apical 1/2 of hind femur, hind tibia, hind tarsus (except for very narrow base of tarsomere 1 and claws). Wings hyaline, very feebly stained with blackish brown; veins and stigma blackish brown; veins C and 1A and stigma basally narrowly pale. Abdominal terga black, except for brownish white median longitudinal line and lateral margins (on ventral side); sterna entirely brownish white; genitalia mostly blackish brown to black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4DFFBD51C8FA1D535A44D7" blockId="13.[151,1437,887,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
Structure and punctuation generally similar to female. Anterior margin of labrum nearly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD543AFA1D573947B0" box="[1333,1402,1427,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
L); anterior margin of clypeus incised to 0.5× clypeal length; malar space about 0.2× diameter of median ocellus; postocellar area length about 0.9× width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD5362FA5550F347E8" box="[621,688,1499,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
K); head behind eyes in dorsal view much shorter than eye, lateral sides roundly convex, much narrower than across eyes; relative lengths of antennomeres 1–9 about 6: 4: 13: 9: 8: 6: 6: 5: 6; hind tarsomere 1 about 0.72× length of tarsomeres 2–5 together (Fig. 2J–L). Subgenital plate very broadly rounded with nearly truncate apex. Genitalia as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD53ECF9C951654444" box="[739,806,1607,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, E. nigromaculata (A – D, I – K) and E. vernalis, paratypes (E – H, L – N). — A, E, Genital capsules, dorsal view; B, F, do., ventral view; C, G, I – N, penis valves, lateral view (left dorsal); D, H, valviceps. A – D, K, Nikko; E – J, L, Nakagawa; M, Kanuma; N, Shin-onsen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H, L–N; harpe broad, with inner basal part strongly produced; valviceps in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD533AF9E5503A4498" box="[565,633,1643,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, E. nigromaculata (A – D, I – K) and E. vernalis, paratypes (E – H, L – N). — A, E, Genital capsules, dorsal view; B, F, do., ventral view; C, G, I – N, penis valves, lateral view (left dorsal); D, H, valviceps. A – D, K, Nikko; E – J, L, Nakagawa; M, Kanuma; N, Shin-onsen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F) with outer apical margin almost angled, and in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD5460F9E552E744BC" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, E. nigromaculata (A – D, I – K) and E. vernalis, paratypes (E – H, L – N). — A, E, Genital capsules, dorsal view; B, F, do., ventral view; C, G, I – N, penis valves, lateral view (left dorsal); D, H, valviceps. A – D, K, Nikko; E – J, L, Nakagawa; M, Kanuma; N, Shin-onsen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
G, H, L–N) with ventral margin rather strongly convex and thus anteroventral and posterodorsal margins subparallel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4DFFBD51C8F9565134459B" blockId="13.[151,1437,887,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4DFFBD51C8F956534944F4" box="[199,266,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
. Five molts before becoming prepupa in reared specimens of unknown sex. Last feeding instar (probably fifth) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD51EBF975536B4508" box="[228,296,1787,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F): About
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4DFFBD50A6F97550654508" box="[425,550,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; head pale brown with round black spot including eye; trunk entirely greenish white; whole insect covered with rather thick wax and consequently appearing whitish. Prepupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4DFFBD544DF89157C3452C" box="[1346,1408,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G, H) similar to last feeding instar but shorter, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4DFFBD53C6F8CD515A4540" box="[713,793,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and more vivid in color and with no wax covering; a few basal thoracic segments inconspicuously darkened dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4DFFBE51C8F80250F443B6" blockId="13.[151,1437,887,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4DFFBD51C8F802536C45B8" box="[199,303,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4DFFBD504CF80553D445BF" box="[323,407,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: The length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4DFFBD53C1F805513D45B8" box="[718,894,1931,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5 to 9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The coloration is quite stable in the Tochigi specimens examined. The only female from Kyushu is darker; the apices of clypeal lateral lobes are blackish, the mesoscutum is entirely black, and the mesopleuron is entirely black, except for the large pale posterodorsal spot on the mesepisternum. The length/width ratio of the postocellar area ranges from 0.85 to 1 (average 0.92) and the ratio of the depth of ventral incision of the clypeus to the entire length of the clypeus ranges from 0.36 to 0.50 (average 0.42). The length of the malar space is about 0.4–0.6× diameter of the median ocellus. The length of the tarsomere 1 is about 0.82–0.91× lengths of the tarsomeres 2–5 together.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE5247FE8A51C14306" box="[840,898,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: The length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4EFFBE5593FE8A57654307" box="[1180,1318,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5 to 9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The basic color pattern is stable. Very dark specimens have the mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metascutellum mostly black and the ventral sides of the abdominal terga are blackish. The length/width ratio of the postocellar area ranges from 0.87 to 1 (average 0.92) and the ratio of the depth of ventral incision of the clypeus to the entire length of the clypeus ranges from 0.38 to 0.52 (average 0.46).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A4EFFBE51C8FE39574B41BE" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8FE39574B41BE" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE51C8FE39538A43CB" bold="true" box="[199,457,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A4EFFBE50DCFE36504943CB" box="[467,522,440,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A4EFFBE538EFE3950AD43CB" box="[641,750,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: ♀, Bambi Farm,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4EFFBE52CDFE36564F43D4" box="[962,1036,440,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., 3646’58
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB538A4EFFBE55A9FE39575343CB" box="[1190,1296,439,464]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N14010" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="EnaNcbi">N 14010</accessionNumber>
|
||
’29E, Wami, Nakagawa, Tochigi Pref., Honshu,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE532BFE5250F143EF" box="[548,690,476,500]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2010-04-29">29. IV. 2010</date>
|
||
, Malaise trap, S. Ibuki.
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A4EFFBE52CDFE53567043EE" box="[962,1075,477,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: HONSHU—Tochigi Pref.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE547DFE5257D543EF" box="[1394,1430,476,500]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Mino,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4EFFBE51ECFD8E5368400C" box="[227,299,512,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., Kanuma, one of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE532AFD8E50CD4003" box="[549,654,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="larva">13 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
coll.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE53DFFE7151274003" box="[720,868,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2008-06-15">15. VI. 2008</date>
|
||
, mat.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE52A5FE715665400C" box="[938,1062,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1916-06-23">16–23. VI.</date>
|
||
, em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE556BFD8E56A44003" box="[1124,1255,512,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-04">4. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE543EFD8E53ED4026" authority="T. Saito" authorityName="T. Saito" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE543EFD8E53044026" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
, T. Saito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE50B5FDAA539D4027" box="[442,478,548,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE53B4FDAA51794027" box="[699,826,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-05">5. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5249FDAA51294027" box="[838,874,548,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5548FDAA56844027" box="[1095,1223,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-06">6. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE55DDFDAA56B54027" box="[1234,1270,548,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE51C9FDC65307407B" box="[198,324,584,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-07">7. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5040FDC65330407B" box="[335,371,584,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5341FDC65099407B" box="[590,730,584,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-10">10. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE53EAFDC6514A407B" box="[741,777,584,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE52EBFDC65633407B" box="[996,1136,584,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-12">12. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5575FDC656DC407B" box="[1146,1183,584,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5476FDC652B9409F" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-13">13. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
; 4♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5029FDE2530D409F" box="[294,334,620,644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE5310FDE35103409E" box="[543,832,620,645]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE5310FDE35103409E" box="[543,832,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5241FDE2519F409F" box="[846,988,620,644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-12">12. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
, T. Saito; 10♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5573FDE256E0409F" box="[1148,1187,620,644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">9♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE545FFDE2529040B3" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-18">18. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
; 2♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE51F1FD1E536640BC" box="[254,293,656,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE50DEFD01501E40B3" box="[465,605,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-26">26. IV. 2009</date>
|
||
; 4♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5385FD1E50F240BC" box="[650,689,656,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5252FD1E51AA40B3" box="[861,1001,656,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-04-21">21. IV. 2012</date>
|
||
; 2♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE551AFD01567E40BC" box="[1045,1085,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Itaga,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4EFFBE5581FD1E569640BC" box="[1166,1237,656,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., Kanuma,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5476FD0152BA40D7" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2011-04-26">26. IV. 2011</date>
|
||
, T. Saito;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5064FD3A53CC40D7" box="[363,399,692,716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Bambi Farm,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4EFFBE5338FD3A503C40D7" box="[567,639,692,716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., 3646’58
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB538A4EFFBE521CFD3A513840D7" box="[787,891,692,717]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N14010" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="EnaNcbi">N 14010</accessionNumber>
|
||
’29E, Wami, Nakagawa, larva coll.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5407FD3A57D440D7" box="[1288,1431,692,716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2011-06-10">10. VI. 2011</date>
|
||
, mat.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE51DFFD56536240F4" box="[208,289,728,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">11. VI.</date>
|
||
, em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5050FD5953AD40EB" box="[351,494,727,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-04-16">16. IV. 2012</date>
|
||
, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE5337FD56518440EB" authority="S. Ibuki" authorityName="S. Ibuki" box="[568,967,727,752]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE5337FD56511840EB" box="[568,859,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
, S. Ibuki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE52DCFD5651BA40EB" box="[979,1017,728,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE55A7FD56577440EB" box="[1192,1335,728,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-04-12">12. IV. 2012</date>
|
||
, Malaise trap, S. Ibuki; 2♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5053FD7253C2410F" box="[348,385,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE533BFD725080410F" box="[564,707,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-04-15">15. IV. 2012</date>
|
||
; 3♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE53E0FD725156410F" box="[751,789,764,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE52C7FD725614410F" box="[968,1111,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-04-16">16. IV. 2012</date>
|
||
; 14♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE559EFD72568B410F" box="[1169,1224,764,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">28♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5476FD7252B84123" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-04-18">18. IV. 2012</date>
|
||
; 3♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5023FCAE530D412C" box="[300,334,800,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE530DFCAE50384123" box="[514,635,800,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-05-01">1. V. 2012</date>
|
||
; 2♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5250FC9151944123" box="[863,983,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-05-05">5. V. 2012</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE55B3FCAE57004123" box="[1212,1347,800,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-05-14">14. V. 2012</date>
|
||
; 1♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5461FC9157D4412C" box="[1390,1431,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5032FCCA538E4147" box="[317,461,836,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2013-04-10">10. IV. 2013</date>
|
||
; 5♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE50F4FCCA50634147" box="[507,544,836,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE53D9FCCA51254147" box="[726,870,836,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2014-04-12">12. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
; 4♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE529BFCCA51FA4147" box="[916,953,836,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5560FCCA57434147" box="[1135,1280,836,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2014-04-13">13. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
; 2♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5422FCCA57164147" box="[1325,1365,836,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5001FCE653F7419B" box="[270,436,872,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2014-04-17">17. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED29AE758A4EFFBE50C6FCE65056419B" box="[457,533,872,896]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vy23-a9cj" name="Museum of Nature and Human Activities" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Hyogo</collectionCode>
|
||
Pref.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5377FCE650DE419B" box="[632,669,872,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Kiritaki, Mt. Oginosen, Shin-onsen,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5572FCE65754419B" box="[1149,1303,872,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2013-05-13">13. V. 2013</date>
|
||
, T. Naito. KYUSHU—Nagasaki Pref.: Mt. Gokaharadake,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4EFFBE53B6FC02514B41BE" box="[697,776,908,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050m</quantity>
|
||
alt., Tarasan Mts.,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE52D1FC02562241BF" box="[990,1121,908,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1997-05-16">16. V. 1997</date>
|
||
, A. Shinohara.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A4EFFBE51C8FC2150C741D3" box="[199,644,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8FC2150C741D3" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,644,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE51C8FC21532341D3" bold="true" box="[199,352,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F76208A4EFFBE5068FC3E53E441DC" box="[359,423,944,967]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Honshu, Kyushu).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A4EFFBF51C8FC5A56D6410E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8FC5A5366460B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE51C8FC5A530D41F6" bold="true" box="[199,334,980,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE5331FC5A50DB41F6" box="[574,664,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE5331FC5A50DB41F6" box="[574,664,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, refers to the relatively early, spring appearance of the adults of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8FB92510F462E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,844,1052,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE51C8FB925308462E" bold="true" box="[199,331,1052,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE505DFB925383462E" box="[338,448,1052,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE50C4FB93510F462E" authority="Maxim." authorityName="Maxim." box="[459,844,1052,1077]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE50C4FB9350AF462E" box="[459,748,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
Maxim.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8FBB157C246F3" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE51C8FBB150C64643" box="[199,645,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Field observations and rearing records</emphasis>
|
||
. Saito observed feeding larvae on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE551BFBCE577B4643" box="[1044,1336,1087,1112]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE551BFBCE577B4643" box="[1044,1336,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Mino (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4EFFBE5190FBEA52AB4667" box="[159,232,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.), Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture, in 2007 but no attempt was made to rear them. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE55F9FBEB57DB4667" box="[1270,1432,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2008-06-15">June 15, 2008</date>
|
||
, Saito collected
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4EFFBE5041FB0653F846BB" box="[334,443,1159,1184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="larva">13 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
in the same site. All of them stopped feeding, executed extra molt, thus becoming prepupae, and entered the soil during the period from
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE53F3FB2351DF46DF" box="[764,924,1196,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">June 16 to 23.</date>
|
||
In the soil, the prepupa made an earthen cell and stayed there. A total of nine male adults emerged from
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE523FFB41564546F3" box="[816,1030,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-04" valueMax="2009-04-13" valueMin="2009-04-04">April 4 to 13, 2009</date>
|
||
(see the list of specimens above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8FB7B572747FE" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
In Mino, adults were found visiting the host plant on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE523FFB7A519F4717" box="[816,988,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2009-04-12">April 12, 2009</date>
|
||
, and many adults were observed in the same site on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5022FA9953CC472B" box="[301,399,1303,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1918-04">April 18</date>
|
||
, when the adults were frequently found on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE5514FA97571D472B" authority="Thunb." authorityName="Thunb." box="[1051,1374,1303,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE5514FA975746472B" box="[1051,1285,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Euonymus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
Thunb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4EFFBE5461FA9952E2474F" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
K), possibly licking secretions of the larvae of a zygaenid moth,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4EFFBE5274FAB356F5474F" authority="Moore, 1877" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1877" box="[891,1206,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Pryeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4EFFBE5274FAB35659474F" box="[891,1050,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Pryeria sinica</emphasis>
|
||
Moore, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE55E5FAB25708474E" box="[1258,1355,1340,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1926-04">April 26</date>
|
||
, only a few adults were found, probably because the adult emergence season was close to the end. Eggs and some young larvae were also found and collected. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5364FA0B50F54787" box="[619,694,1412,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">May 9</date>
|
||
, no adults were found but feeding larvae were common. A few of the larvae collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE50ADFA29504147DB" box="[418,514,1447,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1926-04">April 26</date>
|
||
matured on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE539AFA2750B747DB" box="[661,756,1448,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">May 23.</date>
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5227FA2751C247DB" box="[808,897,1448,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2011-06">June 11</date>
|
||
, several additional larvae were collected in the same site and they became prepupae and entered the soil on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5234FA43518147FF" box="[827,962,1484,1508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2013-06-27">June 13–27.</date>
|
||
They all died during the hibernation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8FA7E567C4436" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE51FEFA7F53C64413" box="[241,389,1519,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2010-05-05">May 5, 2010</date>
|
||
, some feeding larvae were found but no adults. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE52DEFA61563B4413" box="[977,1144,1519,1544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2011-04-26">April 26, 2011</date>
|
||
, many adults occurred on very new spring leaves of the host plant; Saito collected two females and six males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8F9B653BB44A6" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE51FDF9B953DF444B" box="[242,412,1591,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-04-21">April 21, 2012</date>
|
||
, many adults, but no eggs, were found at the same site. A female adult was collected and kept alive in a cage with small twigs of the host plant. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5227F9D251CA446F" box="[808,905,1628,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1929-04">April 29</date>
|
||
, the female died and many eggs were found on the leaves in the cage. Twenty-one eggs hatched on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE53D3F90F516F4483" box="[732,812,1664,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">May 1.</date>
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5253F90F51E44483" box="[860,935,1664,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">May 4</date>
|
||
, no adults were found at the site in Mino but some young larvae were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51C8F949562944FB" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1130,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Saito reared the larvae hatched on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE5345F947509844FB" box="[586,731,1736,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="2012-05-01">May 1, 2012</date>
|
||
, in six containers (A–F) as follows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE5190F96257DF451F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[159,1436,1772,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
A (one larva): Two exuviae were found in the container on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE524FF96351C8451F" box="[832,907,1773,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">May 7</date>
|
||
, one exuvia each was collected on May 10, 14
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51CCF88151A14533" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[195,994,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
and 21, respectively. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE50D6F89F50724533" box="[473,561,1808,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1921-05">May 21</date>
|
||
, the larva (prepupa) went into the soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51AEF8BB57DF4556" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[161,1436,1844,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
B (one larva): One exuvia each was collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE53EFF8BB516E4557" box="[736,813,1845,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">May 7</date>
|
||
, 8, 11, 16 and 23, respectively. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE55C1F8BB576A4557" box="[1230,1321,1844,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1923-05">May 23</date>
|
||
, the larva
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51CCF8D95336456B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[195,373,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">entered the soil.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51AEF8F257DF458E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[161,1436,1916,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
C (one larva): One exuvia each was collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE53EFF8F3516E458F" box="[736,813,1917,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">May 7</date>
|
||
, 8, 11, 16 and 23, respectively. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4EFFBE55C1F8F3576A458F" box="[1230,1321,1916,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" value="1923-05">May 23</date>
|
||
, the larva
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4EFFBE51CCF82E533645A2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[195,373,1952,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">entered the soil.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51AEFF1657DF42AB" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[161,1436,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
D (one larva): One exuvia each was collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF53EEFF16516D42B4" box="[737,814,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">May 7</date>
|
||
, 8, 11, 15 and 23, respectively. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF55C1FF16576942AB" box="[1230,1322,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="1923-05">May 23</date>
|
||
, the larva
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51CCFF32533642CE" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[195,373,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">entered the soil.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51AEFF6E57DF42E3" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[161,1436,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
E (one larva): One exuvia each was collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF53D0FF6E516F42EC" box="[735,812,224,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">May 7</date>
|
||
, 8, 12, 16 and 23, respectively. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF55C1FF6E576A42E3" box="[1230,1321,224,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="1923-05">May 23</date>
|
||
, the larva
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51CCFE8A53364306" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[195,373,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">entered the soil.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51AFFEA657DF4324" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[160,1436,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
F (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A4FFFBF51CEFEA95373435B" box="[193,304,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="larva">16 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
): Exuviae were not collected. Five larvae (prepupae) went into the soil on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF5585FEA656A6435B" box="[1162,1253,296,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="1924-05">May 24</date>
|
||
, eight larvae on
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51CCFEC3510A437F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[195,841,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF51CCFEC35358437E" box="[195,283,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="1925-05">May 25</date>
|
||
, one larva on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF50B6FEC35052437E" box="[441,529,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="1926-05">May 26</date>
|
||
, and two larvae on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF53E3FEC3510A437F" box="[748,841,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">May 28.</date>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51C8FEE151514393" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,786,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">These 21 individuals all died during the hibernation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51C8FE1A571A43B6" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,1369,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF51FFFE1B53C243B7" box="[240,385,404,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="2012-06-01">June 1, 2012</date>
|
||
, Saito found many late-instar larvae staying on the trunk of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF5545FE1B56F743B7" box="[1098,1204,405,428]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF5545FE1B56F743B7" box="[1098,1204,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Stewartia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees in Mino.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51C8FE3650C5407B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
In Wami (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4FFFBF5037FE3653C243D4" box="[312,385,440,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.), Nakagawa Town, Tochigi Prefecture, Ibuki collected seven larvae (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4FFFBF55B4FE36577543D4" box="[1211,1334,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">10–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF5198FE53537543EF" box="[151,310,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="2011-05-23">May 23, 2011</date>
|
||
, but all died by
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF50E3FE53500943EF" box="[492,586,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">May 29.</date>
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF5374FE53509143EF" box="[635,722,476,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="2010-06">June 10</date>
|
||
of the same year, five larvae were collected and they went into the soil on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF501CFD8E53334003" box="[275,368,512,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">June 11.</date>
|
||
From this series, two male adults emerged on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF5273FE7156674003" box="[892,1060,511,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="2012-04-16">April 16, 2012</date>
|
||
. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF5557FD8E56A94003" box="[1112,1258,512,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="2012-05-04">May 4, 2012</date>
|
||
, Ibuki collected five larvae, four of which grew to the length of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4FFFBF53F3FDAA510F4027" box="[764,844,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF5277FDAB51944027" box="[888,983,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">May 22.</date>
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF5506FDAB56204026" box="[1033,1123,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="1925-05">May 25</date>
|
||
, they became prepupae and entered the soil. No adults emerged in 2013.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51C8FDE250E640D6" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
The egg is inserted into the tissue on the underside of a leaf in its median part or near (but not on) the margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A4FFFBF5190FD0152A240B3" box="[159,225,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
J), usually one egg per leaf. The larva is solitary and does not leave the leaf even if it is disturbed. The prepupa is quite active before entering the soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51C8FD5656D6410E" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
In Kanuma City, the larvae of this species heavily infested the foliage of the host plant almost skeletonizing some of the host trees in
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A4FFFBF50A0FD72501B410F" box="[431,600,764,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" value="2007" valueMax="2008">2007 and 2008</date>
|
||
, but the infestation was not conspicuous thereafter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A4FFFBF51C8FC9156B74666" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51C8FC915710460B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF51C8FC9153784123" bold="true" box="[199,315,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the keys to the world species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A4FFFBF53D5FC9151DE4123" box="[730,925,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Wei, M. - C., Xu, Y. & Niu, G. - Y. (2011) Revision of Emphytopsis. Wei & Nie (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with descriptions of seven new species from China and Japan. Zootaxa, 2803, 1 - 20" type="journal article">
|
||
Wei
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF5200FCAF51014123" box="[783,834,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A4FFFBF52A5FC9156C84123" author="Wei" box="[938,1163,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Wei, M. - C. & Zhou, P. - P. (2012) A new species of Emphytopsis Wei & Nie (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with a key to world species of the genus. Entomotaxonomia, 34, 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="2012">Wei & Zhou (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A4FFFBF55CAFC9157D44123" author="Wei" box="[1221,1431,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Wei, M. - C. & Niu, G. - Y. (2013) A new species of the genus Emphytopsis Wei et Nie (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) feeding on Stewartia gemmata. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38, 134 - 137. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2013">Wei & Niu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this new species does not agree with either of the first couplets. Because of its small size (length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A4FFFBF55D3FCCA57274147" box="[1244,1380,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and comparatively shallow ventral incision of the clypeus (depth 0.36–0.50 times the entire clypeal length),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF542CFCE757DF419B" box="[1315,1436,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF542CFCE757DF419B" box="[1315,1436,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may agree with the first part of the couplet leading to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF5214FC03519B41BF" authority="Wei, 2011" authorityName="Wei" authorityYear="2011" box="[795,984,908,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF5214FC03511541BE" box="[795,854,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E. lii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A4FFFBF526FFC02519B41BF" author="Wei" box="[864,984,908,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Wei, M. - C., Xu, Y. & Niu, G. - Y. (2011) Revision of Emphytopsis. Wei & Nie (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with descriptions of seven new species from China and Japan. Zootaxa, 2803, 1 - 20" type="journal article" year="2011">Wei, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Zhejiang,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F76208A4FFFBF5591FC0256A741BE" box="[1182,1252,908,933]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, whereas in the entirely pale ventral parts of the abdominal terga and basal ovipositor sheath, the long tarsomere 1 (about 0.82–0.91 times the lengths of the tarsomeres 2–5 together) and the short malar space (about 0.4–0.6 times the diameter of the middle ocellus),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF505DFC775388460B" box="[338,459,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF505DFC775388460B" box="[338,459,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not agree with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF53BBFC7750A9460B" box="[692,746,1015,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF53BBFC7750A9460B" box="[692,746,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E. lii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but it better agrees with the second part of the couplet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A4FFFBF51C8FB9356B74666" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
From the other congeners from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F76208A4FFFBF5347FB9350C8462F" box="[584,651,1053,1076]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF5393FB935158462E" box="[668,795,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF5393FB935158462E" box="[668,795,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily separated by the dark color pattern and the comparatively shallow ventral incision of the clypeus, as noted in the key below. For the moment, we are not able to distinguish the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF50B3FBEB50764666" box="[444,565,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF50B3FBEB50764666" box="[444,565,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A4FFFBF53C6FBEB51CF4666" box="[713,908,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A4FFFBF53C6FBEB51CF4666" box="[713,908,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E. nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which feeds on the same plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |