296 lines
32 KiB
XML
296 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="2EEBB7028E10C3CE5A3BDE3253F72438" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624287261" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Published, First" docDate="2007" docId="03CE87EB4943072BFF36FBA2FC69DDDD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01404p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1404" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paratendipes separata Published 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFF7FF9349730719FFA1FF88FFC8DE5F" masterDocTitle="Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698992602245" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E6DEB92CC7EF9732AAFDD47FF956DC59">
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<mods:title id="F3D0678AD4A452F93F78F3A6D220DB0C">Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B60640CF9CF0C1459470AC362AA2F3EF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E7FF8B12FCE4304A606682E4CC53A8FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A9AACF3CE773D11E6C69031CA3278624">Published, First</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="34388706F3494BA5D834959968AA176B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DD657A0D191A5E59451CCB9D780544D9">
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<mods:title id="6897F06D81BB283C53D3945F93755ABC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D6A6C9E1657ED9C99DAC9D0EA143C4BE">
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<mods:date id="62C874F3F55A2A6208DAEFA185496D47">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C3699D47BA3F09BD0509165E1F401E2E" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="6D2748369F8FA8261AF983070EE4A981">2007-02-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E6F2445EC91E12A7013DF9B3B8605C21" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3A25002A8586ABF7E38F1176CD797E26">1404</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="58A699952EF753350D683F35F5357130" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="CA453F9F35D559D0D3B8495AE8F1111E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1200CC48E1BB821E6CF47532832F57E4">66</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="02D2D4058EC6208561DE3925C984E963">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AB3F45F94E3A213764B2C130F06C1883" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CE87EB4943072BFF36FBA2FC69DDDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87EB4943072BFF36FBA2FC69DDDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87EB4943072BFF36FBA2FC69DDDD" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C37D657649430729FF36FBA2FE24DA1B" box="[151,492,1066,1092]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49430729FF36FBA2FE24DA1B" blockId="48.[151,562,1031,1127]" box="[151,492,1066,1092]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D090819149430729FF36FBA2FE24DA1B" bold="true" box="[151,492,1066,1092]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49430729FF36FBA2FE24DA1B" bold="true" box="[151,492,1066,1092]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49430729FF36FBA2FE6ADA1B" ID-CoL="8D79T" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,418,1066,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49430729FF36FBA2FE6ADA1B" bold="true" box="[151,418,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449430729FE08FBA2FE24DA1B" box="[425,492,1066,1092]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657649430729FF36FBC5FEFCDA38" box="[151,308,1101,1127]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49430729FF36FBC5FEFCDA38" blockId="48.[151,562,1031,1127]" box="[151,308,1101,1127]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135C2A7849430729FF3EFBC5FF37DA38" box="[159,255,1101,1127]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="49.[151,255,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1376,331,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-102@49.[210,1398,317,1862]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 45. Paratendipes separata n. sp., holotype PA 12425, photograph of habitus." pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs. 45</figureCitation>
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–47)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657649430729FF36FB15FC73DAE8" box="[151,955,1181,1207]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49430729FF36FB15FC73DAE8" blockId="48.[151,1439,1181,2016]" box="[151,955,1181,1207]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49430729FF36FB15FED6DAE8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1181,1207]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Etymology</emphasis>
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: This species is named for its separate hind tibial combs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657649430729FF67FB4DFE9EDB70" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49430729FF67FB4DFE9EDB70" blockId="48.[151,1439,1181,2016]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49430729FF67FB4DFE80DA80" bold="true" box="[198,328,1221,1247]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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13 flagellomeres; antennal ratio> 0.35; scutal tubercle absent; hind tibial combs separate; mid and hind tibial combs bearing spurs; anal point present; inferior volsella elongate, apically globular; median volsella present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657649430728FF67FAB5FA8BD9F5" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49430729FF67FAB5FDAAD8C5" blockId="48.[151,1439,1181,2016]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49430729FF67FAB5FEA9DB08" bold="true" box="[198,353,1341,1367]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description:</emphasis>
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Head
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FE0EFAB5FDC1DB08" box="[431,521,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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long; ocelli absent; antenna
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FCFFFAB5FC0EDB08" box="[862,966,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
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long, much longer than head, distinctly hairy, with 13 flagellomeres covered with long setae (shortest
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FCCEFAEDFC1FDB20" box="[879,983,1381,1407]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
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long, longest
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FBDCFAEDFB2DDB20" box="[1149,1253,1381,1407]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
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long), antennal ratio 0.75 (> 0.35), pedicel broad and short, rounded, 13
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<superScript id="7C129BB549430729FC8BFA05FCFEDBC4" attach="left" box="[810,822,1421,1435]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">th</superScript>
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flagellomere
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FC78FA18FB89DBF5" box="[985,1089,1424,1450]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
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long; eye bare but deformed, with strong dorsomedial extension, with 4 rows of ommatidia at minimum width; mouthparts lacking functional mandibles; 5 palpomeres with numerous setae; clypeus with few dorsal setae; postocular, frontal, inner vertical, and outer vertical setae absent. Thorax
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FD67F980FCE6D87D" box="[710,814,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FCD9F980FC28D87D" box="[888,992,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
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wide,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FB8FF980FB5ED87D" box="[1070,1174,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
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high; postnotum bare, with distinct longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum with 3 long setae; scutal tubercle absent; prealar and supraalar setae not visible; anterior acrostichal setae present, uniserial and decumbent; series of few dorsocentral setae; preepisternum bare.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49430728FF67F920FDAFDF5D" blockId="48.[151,1439,1181,2016]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1435,152,258]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Wing macropterous, apically rounded,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FD30F920FD1ED89D" box="[657,726,1704,1730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FC80F920FC41D89D" box="[801,905,1704,1730]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
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wide, hyaline, without macrotrichia but covered with microtrichia; anal vein An
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FDE3F968FD82D8B1" attach="left" box="[578,586,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">2</subScript>
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absent; radius with 3 branches R
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FC70F968FC11D8B1" attach="left" box="[977,985,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">1</subScript>
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, R
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FC5DF968FBDCD8B1" attach="left" box="[1020,1044,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">2+3</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FBC3F968FBB2D8B1" attach="left" box="[1122,1146,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">4+5</subScript>
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, R
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FB3CF968FB7ED8B1" attach="left" box="[1181,1206,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">2+3</subScript>
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not divided into R
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FA35F968FA54D8B1" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">2</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FF7CF883FF2DD946" attach="left" box="[221,229,1803,1817]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3</subScript>
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, and very nearly to R
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FE48F883FDCAD946" attach="right" box="[489,514,1803,1817]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">4+5</subScript>
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; costa ending at level of insertion of last branch of radius; only M
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FAB9F883FAF9D946" attach="left" box="[1304,1329,1803,1817]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">1+2</subScript>
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and M
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<subScript id="17E334B849430729FA22F883FA54D946" attach="left" box="[1411,1436,1803,1817]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3+4</subScript>
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present; crossvein MCu absent. Halter
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FDCCF8AEFD1ED91F" box="[621,726,1830,1856]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
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long. Fore femur
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FC11F8AEFBD1D91F" box="[944,1049,1830,1856]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
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long, tibia
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FB03F8AEFAC3D91F" box="[1186,1291,1830,1856]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31 mm</quantity>
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long, tarsus
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FF36F8C6FF36D937" box="[151,254,1870,1896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.30 mm</quantity>
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long; mid femur
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FE6DF8C6FDFCD937" box="[460,564,1870,1896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.46">0.46 mm</quantity>
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long, tibia
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FD18F8C6FCE8D937" box="[697,800,1870,1896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
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long, tarsus
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FC17F8C6FBD6D937" box="[950,1054,1870,1896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
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long; hind femur
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FB50F8C6FA91D937" box="[1265,1369,1870,1896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
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long, tibia
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FF72F8FEFEF4D9CF" box="[211,316,1910,1936]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
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long, tarsus
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FE75F8FEFDF4D9CF" box="[468,572,1910,1936]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.76">0.76 mm</quantity>
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long; fore tibial scale bearing spine but not spur; hind tibial combs separate; mid and hind tibiae with 2 spurs, 1 on each comb; ta4 of all legs cylindrical, not cordiform; claw of all legs simple; pulvilli absent. Abdomen
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FDCFF84EFD12D9BF" box="[622,730,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.03">1.03 mm</quantity>
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long; gonostylus with long setae,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FB21F84EFB24D9BF" box="[1152,1260,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849430729FA9CF84EFA57D9BF" box="[1341,1439,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02mm</quantity>
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wide; fused to gonocoxite, gonocoxite
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849420728FDC2FF10FD04DEED" box="[611,716,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849420728FCB9FF10FC48DEED" box="[792,896,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
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wide, with long setae; anal point conical and long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849420728FF7BFF48FE89DE85" box="[218,321,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849420728FE2DFF48FE3DDE85" box="[396,501,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
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wide at base; inferior volsella elongate, apically globular and with strong setae,
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<quantity id="4C9F9B1849420728FF36FF60FF37DF5D" box="[151,255,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
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long; median volsella present.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF18667549420728FF36F8C5FBF0D93B" box="[151,1080,1869,1893]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,255,1869,1893]" targetBox="[223,1376,331,1849]" targetPageId="49">
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49420728FF36F8C5FBF0D93B" blockId="49.[151,1347,1869,1962]" box="[151,1080,1869,1893]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49420728FF36F8C5FEEED93A" bold="true" box="[151,294,1869,1893]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49420728FE8CF8C5FDD7D93B" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,543,1869,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49420728FE8CF8C5FDD7D93B" box="[301,543,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449420728FD87F8C5FDA9D93B" box="[550,609,1869,1892]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype PA 12425, photograph of habitus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD836FD49420728FF36F8E7FB49D9D8" blockId="49.[151,1347,1869,1962]" box="[151,1153,1903,1927]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B913EAEF49420728FF36F8E7FEEED9D8" bold="true" box="[151,294,1903,1927]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49420728FE8CF8F8FDD7D9D8" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,543,1904,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49420728FE8CF8F8FDD7D9D8" box="[301,543,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449420728FD87F8F8FDA9D9D8" box="[550,609,1904,1927]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F49420728FDCDF8F8FD01D9D8" box="[620,713,1904,1927]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 12425, photograph of male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD49420728FF36F81AFA8BD9F5" blockId="49.[151,1347,1869,1962]" box="[151,1347,1938,1962]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49420728FF36F81AFEEED9F5" bold="true" box="[151,294,1938,1962]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49420728FE8CF81BFDD7D9F5" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,543,1939,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49420728FE8CF81BFDD7D9F5" box="[301,543,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449420728FD87F81BFDA9D9F5" box="[550,609,1939,1962]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F49420728FDCDF81BFD01D9F5" box="[620,713,1939,1962]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 12425, drawing of male genitalia (scale bar =
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B1849420728FB40F81BFAFFD9F5" box="[1249,1335,1939,1962]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D65764941072BFF67FF1FFD39DD05" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4941072BFF67FF1FFC4DDFFD" blockId="50.[151,1438,151,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFF67FF1FFE9CDEEE" bold="true" box="[198,340,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
The subfamilial and tribal placement of this fossil in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFBAEFF10FB6DDEED" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[1039,1189,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on features stated above.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFE97FF48FD88DE86" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[310,576,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFE97FF48FD88DE86" box="[310,576,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFCABFF48FC6EDE86" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[778,934,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFCABFF48FC6EDE86" box="[778,934,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the following reasons, according to the key of Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFEFAFF60FE47DF5E" box="[347,399,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989): wing apically rounded, antenna with 13 flagellomeres, fore tibial scale bearing spine but not spur, antennal ratio 0.75 (> 0.35), median volsella present, mid and hind tibiae with their two combs bearing a spur, and anal point present.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFD12FEB0FC76DF0E" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[691,958,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFD12FEB0FC76DF0E" box="[691,958,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from recent species of this genus by its hind tibial combs being clearly separated (its mid tibial combs are fused, as in recent species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFA95FEE8FF1DDFFE" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFA95FEE8FF1DDFFE" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This difference would at least justify specific separation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4941072BFF67FE38FCDEDD55" blockId="50.[151,1438,151,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4941072BFE9CFE38FDABDF95" author="Cranston, P. S. & Hare, L." box="[317,611,432,458]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="247 - 264" refId="ref36810" refString="Cranston, P. S. & Hare, L. (1995) Conochironomus Freeman: an Afro-Australian Chironomini genus revised (Diptera: Chironomidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 247 - 264." type="journal article" year="1995">Cranston & Hare (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFDD0FE38FCC5DF96" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[625,781,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFDD0FE38FCC5DF96" box="[625,781,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of genera that comprise the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFF36FE50FDC2DFAD" authority="Kieffer, 1919" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,522,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stictochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFF36FE50FEAADFAE" box="[151,354,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stictochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer, 1919
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFDB9FE50FCE8DFAD" authority="Townes, 1945" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1945" box="[536,800,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Omisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFDB9FE50FDB8DFAE" box="[536,624,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Omisus</emphasis>
|
||
Townes, 1945
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFC8FFE50FB84DFAD" authority="Freeman, 1961" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[814,1100,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFC8FFE50FC47DFAE" box="[814,911,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Skusella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4941072BFC39FE50FB84DFAD" author="Freeman, P." box="[920,1100,472,498]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref37695" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFB2DFE50FEDFDC45" authority="Freeman, 1961" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Conochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFB2DFE50FA9DDFAE" box="[1164,1365,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Conochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4941072BFAFFFE50FEDFDC45" author="Freeman, P." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref37695" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFE85FD88FEB4DC46" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1945" box="[292,380,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Omisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFE85FD88FEB4DC46" box="[292,380,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Omisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFE19FD88FD4BDC46" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1919" box="[440,643,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stictochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFE19FD88FD4BDC46" box="[440,643,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stictochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are excluded, based on the key of Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFB36FD88FB04DC46" box="[1175,1228,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFA9BFD88FA53DC46" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1338,1435,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFA9BFD88FA53DC46" box="[1338,1435,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Skusella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has fused mid and hind tibial combs, each pair with one long spur, instead of two, as in in our fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4941072BFA95FDA0FF1EDC35" author="Freeman, P." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref37695" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The mid and hind tibial combs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFDDCFDD8FC8EDC36" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[637,838,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Conochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFDDCFDD8FC8EDC36" box="[637,838,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Conochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are slightly separated, each bearing a spur, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFF19FDF0FE0DDCCE" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[184,453,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFF19FDF0FE0DDCCE" box="[184,453,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the former genus has a male antennal ratio of 2.03.0, instead of 0.75, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFF36FD28FE6ADCE6" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,418,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFF36FD28FE6ADCE6" box="[151,418,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes separata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it has a scutal tubercle, unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFCD4FD28FBD9DCE6" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[885,1041,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFCD4FD28FBD9DCE6" box="[885,1041,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and our fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4941072BFB6FFD28FF1EDCBD" author="Cranston, P. S. & Hare, L." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="247 - 264" refId="ref36810" refString="Cranston, P. S. & Hare, L. (1995) Conochironomus Freeman: an Afro-Australian Chironomini genus revised (Diptera: Chironomidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 247 - 264." type="journal article" year="1995">Cranston & Hare 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As we have no information on the female adult, larva, and pupa of our fossils, we prefer to place the specimens in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFE97FD78FE1ADD56" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[310,466,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFE97FD78FE1ADD56" box="[310,466,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than in a new genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4941072BFF67FC90FD39DD05" blockId="50.[151,1438,151,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4941072BFF67FC90FEAADD6E" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[198,354,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFF67FC90FEAADD6E" box="[198,354,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide distribution in the Holarctic, Oriental, and Afrotropical regions. Its presence in the Early Eocene amber of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370766D4941072BFE77FCC8FDEDDD05" box="[470,549,832,858]" name="France" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
is not surprising.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D65764941072BFF67FCEFFC69DDDD" box="[198,929,871,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4941072BFF67FCEFFC69DDDD" blockId="50.[151,1438,151,898]" box="[198,929,871,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4941072BFF67FCEFFEF5DDDE" bold="true" box="[198,317,871,897]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Material:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F4941072BFEE5FCE0FE79DDDD" box="[324,433,872,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 12425,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F4941072BFD9BFCE0FD57DDDD" box="[570,671,872,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 4321, both males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |