158 lines
21 KiB
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158 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="F72D100B544B43231864D32EA0C580CF" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629582869304" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith, H. M." docDate="2006" docId="039787DFFF91062E5656FF41FBD4F875" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.58.1.43-96.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 58" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Poltys columnaris Thorell 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFAEFFA7FF82063D552BFFD8FFA4FF94" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Genus Poltys in Australasia (Araneae: Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1699081001337" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E87F779C934027D8AE4EE1860E5D962F">A Revision of the Genus Poltys in Australasia (Araneae: Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA7F244EF761A1E410003EF0BEEDD696">Smith, H. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B23EFA9CC4C18FC06B88F5336C6F7366">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D086379EF381927BD1C6E6BA61C2582">
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<mods:date id="677C887829D8F7B9C985889E84B2384C">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EF06EF9A76F8DA81F143CF278F08F141">58</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039787DFFF91062E5656FF41FBD4F875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5240604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5240604" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787DFFF91062E5656FF41FBD4F875" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787DFFF91062E5656FF41FBD4F875" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="C3246542FF91062E5656FF41FA8DFF25" box="[893,1321,153,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8136C9FF91062E5656FF41FA8DFF25" blockId="19.[893,1321,153,177]" box="[893,1321,153,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="D0C981A5FF91062E5656FF41FA8DFF25" box="[893,1321,153,177]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5656FF41FA8DFF25" bold="true" box="[893,1321,153,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5698FF41FB26FF25" ID-CoL="6W4S3" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[947,1154,153,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5698FF41FB26FF25" bold="true" box="[947,1154,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Poltys columnaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3246542FF91062E5631FF15FBD4F875" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8136C9FF91062E5631FF15FB1EFC68" blockId="19.[794,1422,205,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5660FF15FBA3FF70" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[843,1031,205,228]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5660FF15FBA3FF70" box="[843,1031,205,228]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Poltys columnaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group appears to be rather complex. The genitalia of the two Australian species are similar, especially in females, but the huge eye tubercle of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5009FED0FA29FE8B" authority="Smith, 2006" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2006" box="[1314,1421,264,287]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jujorum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5009FED0FA29FE8B" box="[1314,1421,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. jujorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957A0FF91062E5631FEFDFCEFFEA8" box="[794,843,293,316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is distinctive, being far longer than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E51E6FEFDFAE1FEA8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2006" box="[1229,1349,293,316]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milledgei">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E51E6FEFDFAE1FEA8" box="[1229,1349,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. milledgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. These two species are also well separated genetically, at least in COI sequences. At least six species from the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5190FEB8FAECFEE3" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[1211,1352,352,375]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5190FEB8FAECFEE3" box="[1211,1352,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. columnaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group have been described from SE Asia and the Asian mainland. Three of these species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E56D4FE43FB7CFE25" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[1023,1240,410,434]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E56D4FE43FB2CFE26" box="[1023,1160,411,434]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. columnaris</emphasis>
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Thorell
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E51CBFE43FA29FE25" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[1248,1421,410,434]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turriger">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E51CBFE43FAE2FE26" box="[1248,1350,411,434]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. turriger</emphasis>
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Simon
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E566DFE60FB8CFE5B" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1898" box="[838,1064,440,463]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squarrosus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E566DFE60FC76FE5B" box="[838,978,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. squarrosus</emphasis>
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Thorell
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</taxonomicName>
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, are similar in characters and may prove to be conspecific but the variation in eye position in these individuals almost bridges the gap between the two Australian species.Although existing names should be used if possible, both Australian species have been described as new because neither perfectly matches any of these
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<typeStatus id="5485886BFF91062E503AFD92FAECFDF5" box="[1297,1352,586,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
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and it may be many years before suitable material is available to resolve this problem. A single male from Borneo, which may belong to one of these Asian species, is discussed below; this is definitely distinct from the Australian species. Another closely related SE Asian
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<typeStatus id="5485886BFF91062E5107FD05FBFEFD60" box="[1068,1114,733,756]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5157FD05FAF4FD60" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[1148,1360,733,756]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pogonias">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5157FD05FB5EFD60" box="[1148,1274,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. pogonias</emphasis>
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Thorell
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<collectingCountry id="F3297659FF91062E566BFD22FC49FC85" box="[832,1005,762,785]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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. This subadult female is also close to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5051FD23FCDAFCBB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milledgei">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5051FD23FCDAFCBB" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. milledgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, except that there is no sign of the sclerotized eyespot-like maculae, which are visible on the abdomen of every other specimen examined (see below), and the eye arrangement is outside the variation seen in other specimens. Given the isolation of the
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<collectingCountry id="F3297659FF91062E5103FC55FB76FC30" box="[1064,1234,909,932]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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, and several other apparent cases of speciation seen in island
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E51F3FC73FABDFC56" box="[1240,1305,939,962]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E51F3FC73FABDFC56" box="[1240,1305,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Poltys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens examined during the course of this study, there is a good chance that this is an endemic species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136C9FF91062E5613FBDAFA2FF928" blockId="19.[794,1422,205,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">
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All
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E564EFBDBFB8FFB8E" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[869,1067,1027,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E564EFBDBFB8FFB8E" box="[869,1067,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Poltys columnaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group species females have an extremely short and broad epigyne and most have rows of shiny black maculae on the dorsal abdomen, just anterior to the spinnerets (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4CFF91062E56BBFB82FC45FBE5" box="[912,993,1114,1137]" captionStart="Figs 84–94" captionStartId="23.[121,163,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[124,1414,169,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-268@23.[121,1422,151,1423]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 84–94. Australian Poltys columnaris-group females. 84–88, P. jujorum: 84, carapace and coxae, dorsal; 85, eye region, lateral; 86–87, holotype abdomen, dorsal and lateral; 88, spination, leg I dorsal patella. 89–94, P. milledgei: subjects as 84–88, 94, abdominal maculae, posterodorsal. Horizontal scale: 3 mm for abdomens; 2 mm for Figs 84, 89, 94; 1 mm for Figs 85, 90. Vertical scale = 1 mm for patellae." pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Figs 94</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13052A4CFF91062E56C7FB82FBB3FBE5" box="[1004,1047,1114,1137]" captionStart="Figs 121–126. 121–124" captionStartId="28.[166,208,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[211,1421,151,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[211,1421,151,1686]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs 121–126. 121–124, Poltys jujorum female: 121–122, anterior carapace and eye tubercle (from moult), dorsal and lateral, showing tufts of setae; 123, flattened macroseta from dorsal patella; 124, posterodorsal abdomen showing maculae. 125–126, P. frenchi male palp: 125, terminal bulbus, ventral; 126, bulbus, retrolateral. Scale lines: Figs 121–124 = 100 µm; Figs 125–126 = 20 µm." pageId="19" pageNumber="62">124</figureCitation>
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). These “eyespots” are smooth clear cuticular lenses that lie over black pigment spots. In living and well-preserved specimens, these can be extremely prominent and they may be used to deter predators as (at least from a human perspective down a microscope) they resemble rows of black, beady eyes. Some
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5111FB35FB63FA90" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[1082,1223,1261,1284]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5111FB35FB63FA90" box="[1082,1223,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. columnaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group species also possess modified patellal spines, which as well as being flattened distally, are elongate and appear to have a weak fracture zone near the base of the shaft, at least in females (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4CFF91062E5609FABAFCDFFAED" box="[802,891,1378,1401]" captionStart="Figs 121–126. 121–124" captionStartId="28.[166,208,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[211,1421,151,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[211,1421,151,1686]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs 121–126. 121–124, Poltys jujorum female: 121–122, anterior carapace and eye tubercle (from moult), dorsal and lateral, showing tufts of setae; 123, flattened macroseta from dorsal patella; 124, posterodorsal abdomen showing maculae. 125–126, P. frenchi male palp: 125, terminal bulbus, ventral; 126, bulbus, retrolateral. Scale lines: Figs 121–124 = 100 µm; Figs 125–126 = 20 µm." pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
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, arrowed). Females of both Australian species have these spines, as well as most males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E51BCFA58FAAAFA03" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2006" box="[1175,1294,1408,1431]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milledgei">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E51BCFA58FAAAFA03" box="[1175,1294,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. milledgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Most of the older
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<typeStatus id="5485886BFF91062E5679FA45FC2CFA20" box="[850,904,1437,1460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
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are missing many spines and have not been assessed for this character. The two Australasian
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5191FA63FAECFA46" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[1210,1352,1467,1490]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5191FA63FAECFA46" box="[1210,1352,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. columnaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group species, and four out of the other six described species, have a rather elongate eye tubercle with an anterior protuberance between the anterior eyes (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4CFF91062E5100F9CAFB23F9BD" box="[1067,1159,1554,1577]" captionStart="Figs 121–126. 121–124" captionStartId="28.[166,208,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[211,1421,151,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[211,1421,151,1686]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs 121–126. 121–124, Poltys jujorum female: 121–122, anterior carapace and eye tubercle (from moult), dorsal and lateral, showing tufts of setae; 123, flattened macroseta from dorsal patella; 124, posterodorsal abdomen showing maculae. 125–126, P. frenchi male palp: 125, terminal bulbus, ventral; 126, bulbus, retrolateral. Scale lines: Figs 121–124 = 100 µm; Figs 125–126 = 20 µm." pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Figs 121</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13052A4CFF91062E51BAF9CAFAF1F9BD" box="[1169,1365,1554,1577]" captionStart="Figs 223–239" captionStartId="45.[121,163,1733,1754]" captionTargetBox="[126,1413,157,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-9@45.[121,1422,151,1722]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figs 223–239. SE Asian Poltys columnaris-group type specimens: carapace lateral, epigyne anterior (except P. pogonias), abdomen, dorsal. 223–225, P. columnaris; 226–228, P. squarrosus; 229–231, P. turriger; 232–234, P. turritus; 235–237, P. raphanus; 238–239, P. pogonias (juvenile). Scale lines: Figs 238 & 239 = 1.0 mm; scale below Fig. 228 applies to all other carapaces and abdomens, 1.0 mm for carapaces, 2.0 mm for abdomens; epigynes with individual lines, all = 0.5 mm." pageId="19" pageNumber="62">223, 226, 229, 238</figureCitation>
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). The remaining two species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E513CF9E8FB72F9D3" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1898" box="[1047,1238,1584,1607]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turritus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E513CF9E8FB25F9D3" box="[1047,1153,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. turritus</emphasis>
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Thorell
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5024F9E8FCC2F9F0" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raphanus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5024F9E8FA29F9D3" box="[1295,1421,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. raphanus</emphasis>
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Thorell
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</taxonomicName>
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(which will probably prove to be conspecific) have only a tiny bump between the PME (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4CFF91062E518EF9B2FA98F915" box="[1189,1340,1642,1665]" captionStart="Figs 223–239" captionStartId="45.[121,163,1733,1754]" captionTargetBox="[126,1413,157,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-9@45.[121,1422,151,1722]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figs 223–239. SE Asian Poltys columnaris-group type specimens: carapace lateral, epigyne anterior (except P. pogonias), abdomen, dorsal. 223–225, P. columnaris; 226–228, P. squarrosus; 229–231, P. turriger; 232–234, P. turritus; 235–237, P. raphanus; 238–239, P. pogonias (juvenile). Scale lines: Figs 238 & 239 = 1.0 mm; scale below Fig. 228 applies to all other carapaces and abdomens, 1.0 mm for carapaces, 2.0 mm for abdomens; epigynes with individual lines, all = 0.5 mm." pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Figs 232, 235</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the Australian species, at least, female abdominal shape is rather less variable than in the other species groups dealt with here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136C9FF91062E5613F91AFBD4F875" blockId="19.[794,1422,205,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Matched males are known only for the two Australasian species. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D4AFF91062E5680F938FBE6F963" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[939,1090,1760,1783]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Poltys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columnaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEADBFF91062E5680F938FBE6F963" box="[939,1090,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">P. columnaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group male mentioned above from Borneo (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0CFF91062E56EAF925FBB2F880" box="[961,1046,1789,1812]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
ex coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0CFF91062E51A8F925FB18F880" box="[1155,1212,1789,1812]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">CLD</collectionCode>
|
||
) has eye tubercle proportions quite different to the Australian species. The palpal organs of this specimen show the same general features as seen in the two Australian species, with a proportionately long MA, a broad, dorsal TA, and a reduced, prolaterally displaced, conductor. The palpal characters are intermediate between the two Australian species, but somatic features are distinctive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |