treatments-xml/data/03/CD/F2/03CDF20CFF89FFA57C86FBF15CE4FBD7.xml

<document id="2CD713AAB5A4C34BD9C349D191780848" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0decfbda-e8a6-49f2-b975-fad74b250010" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249321" ID-ZooBank="0476AFF3-92EC-4649-8FFE-758275EC14E1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460691168538" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mahony, Stephen, Teeling, Emma C. &amp; Biju, S. D." docDate="2013" docId="03CDF20CFF89FFA57C86FBF15CE4FBD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p169.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megophrys ancrae Mahony, Teeling &amp; Biju, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="FFF48A74FF8BFFAD7C11FFC35F7DFFC4" masterDocTitle="Three new species of horned frogs, Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from northeast India, with a resolution to the identity of Megophrys boettgeri populations reported from the region" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1698351809794" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="734122643E647FF56CD60CEC523ECFCE">Three new species of horned frogs, Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from northeast India, with a resolution to the identity of Megophrys boettgeri populations reported from the region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9AEE805F2915E64BB3AF5D6DF4EA22F">Mahony, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69B7D9D6C322167C3922A7A70E637FEA">Teeling, Emma C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F6FC9E3AF9555DBC72264520DA557ED7">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CDF20CFF89FFA57C86FBF15CE4FBD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696840" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119579540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696840" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CDF20CFF89FFA57C86FBF15CE4FBD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDF20CFF89FFA57C86FBF15CE4FBD7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF89FFAF7C86FBF15EEDFBAA" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF89FFAF7C86FBF15EA0FB89" blockId="2.[151,477,1074,1134]" box="[151,477,1074,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<heading id="D093F476FF89FFAF7C86FBF15EA0FB89" bold="true" box="[151,477,1074,1101]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7C86FBF15EA0FB89" bold="true" box="[151,477,1074,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7C86FBF15E05FB88" ID-CoL="3Z29T" box="[151,376,1074,1100]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7C86FBF15E05FB88" bold="true" box="[151,376,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF89FFAF7D6EFBF05EA0FB89" box="[383,477,1075,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF89FFAF7C86FB965EEDFBAA" blockId="2.[151,477,1074,1134]" box="[151,400,1109,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF89FFAF7C8FFB965E55FBAA" box="[158,296,1109,1134]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2. A – D" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1162,1184]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,908,1873]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,908,1874]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A – D. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. in life. A. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male), dorsolateral view, B. paratype (BNHS 5599, adult female), lateral view, C – D. referred specimen (SDB. DU 2009.727, adult male): C. lateral view, D. anterior view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Map of northeastern India (shaded grey) and adjoining countries (white) showing the collection localities of the three new species. Blue spots— Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., orange spots— Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., green spot— Megophrys vegrandis sp. nov." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/249323/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/249325/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6E676A1FF89FFAF7D25FB965EF8FBAA" box="[308,389,1109,1134]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="20.[119,207,491,514]" captionTargetBox="[119,1926,573,1665]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for the type series and adult referred specimens of Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., and Megophrys vegrandis sp.. Measurements in mm. HT. holotype, PT. paratype, RS. referred specimen, (ind). indistinct, * measurements taken on left side." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF89FFAF7C86FB5E5A5CFA3E" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF89FFAF7C86FB5E5B7AFB3A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1181,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7C86FB5E5E76FB72" bold="true" box="[151,267,1181,1206]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF89FFAF7C86FB5E5E7BFB72" box="[151,262,1181,1206]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male (ZSI A 11606), from 6th mile (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF89FFAF7F10FB5D5CE9FB72" box="[769,916,1182,1206]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="27.497217">27°29.833’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF89FFAF7F8DFB5E5B50FB72" box="[924,1069,1181,1206]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="96.39111">96°23.467’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF782AFB5D5BF9FB71" box="[1083,1156,1182,1206]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="420.0">420 m</quantity>
asl.) approx. 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF7933FB5D5A20FB72" box="[1314,1373,1181,1206]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
from Deban Guest House, Deban, Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve, Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh state, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF89FFAF7D57FB265EFFFB3A" box="[326,386,1253,1278]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by the Systematics Lab members, 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF89FFAF7F6BFB255B79FB3A" box="[890,1028,1254,1278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" value="2011-06-02">2 June 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF89FFAF7CD6FACA5A43FA4A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1181,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7CD6FACA5E3BFAE6" bold="true" box="[199,326,1289,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF89FFAF7CD6FACA5E3CFAE6" box="[199,321,1289,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male (ZSI A 11607), collected along with the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF89FFAF7FADFACA5B5FFAE6" box="[956,1058,1289,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Four adult males (BNHS 5598, BNHS 5600–5602), one subadult and one adult female (ZSI A 11608, BNHS 5599, respectively), from Bornulla forest stream (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF89FFAF7D2FFA925EACFAAE" box="[318,465,1361,1386]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="27.53945">27°32.367’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF89FFAF7DCAFA925D10FAAE" box="[475,621,1361,1386]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="96.4775">96°28.650’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF7E6DFA915DBBFAAD" box="[636,710,1362,1386]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="790.0">790 m</quantity>
asl.), Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve, Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh state, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF89FFAF7E6CFAB65DC4FA4A" box="[637,697,1397,1422]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by the Systematics Lab members, 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF89FFAF78A1FAB55A46FA4A" box="[1200,1339,1398,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" value="2011-05-03">3 May 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF89FFAF7CD6FA5A5A5CFA3E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1181,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7CD6FA5A5ECCFA76" bold="true" box="[199,433,1433,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
Two adult males (SDB.DU 2009.727, 2009.730), from approx. 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF7876FA595BE2FA76" box="[1127,1183,1433,1458]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
before reaching Deban Guest House (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF89FFAF7D20FA7E5EC2FA12" box="[305,447,1469,1494]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="27.497433">27°29.846’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5025DDFF89FFAF7DD7FA7E5D2EFA12" box="[454,595,1469,1494]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="96.39117">96°23.470’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF7E4FFA7D5DDEFA11" box="[606,675,1470,1494]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="330.0">330 m</quantity>
asl.), Deban, Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve, Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh state, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF89FFAF7E7BFA225DD9FA3E" box="[618,676,1505,1530]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by the Systematics Lab members, 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF89FFAF7898FA215A60FA3E" box="[1161,1309,1506,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" value="2009-06-20">20 June 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF89FFAE7CD6F9C65D1CFC29" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF89FFAF7CD6F9C65DAFF8DE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1181,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7CD6F9C65E3CF9DA" bold="true" box="[199,321,1541,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7D40F9C65D51F9D9" box="[337,556,1541,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7D40F9C65D51F9D9" box="[337,556,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF89FFAF7E2DF9C65DE3F9DA" box="[572,670,1541,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7E2DF9C65DE3F9DA" bold="true" box="[572,670,1541,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is diagnosable from geographically relevant congeners by the following combination of characters: medium-sized slender species, adult-male SVL 39.1–45.0 mm (N=8), adultfemale SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF7D36F98D5EF1F9A1" box="[295,396,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.89" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="48.9">48.9 mm</quantity>
(N=1); HL&gt;HW, HW/SVL 30.0–35.8% (N=10); SHL/SVL 46.0–55.3% (N=10); tympanum clearly defined, 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF89FFAF7D5AF9B15EF9F94E" box="[331,388,1650,1674]" name="Chad" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 50.0–63.2% (N=10); vomerine ridges small to medium-sized, weakly raised and circular; distinct dorsolateral folds present; subarticular, palmar and metatarsal tubercles absent; lateral fringes on toes absent; webbing between toes rudimentary; digit tips distinctly expanded terminally; protruding projection posterior to cloaca of males absent; dark spots on the throat present on most specimens; small, sharp, horn-like tubercle present on the eyelids of most individuals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF89FFAE7CD6F8E65D1CFC29" blockId="2.[151,1436,1181,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,2026]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7CD6F8E65E10F8FA" bold="true" box="[199,365,1829,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7D69F8E65D2DF8F9" box="[376,592,1829,1853]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7D69F8E65D2DF8F9" box="[376,592,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF89FFAF7E4AF8E65DC4F8FA" box="[603,697,1829,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7E4AF8E65DC4F8FA" bold="true" box="[603,697,1829,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the following large-sized species by considerably smaller adult male size, SVL 39.1–45.0 mm, N=8 (vs. adult male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF7FCFF88A5B4EF8A5" box="[990,1075,1865,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF782EF8895FD3F842" authority="Liu, Hu &amp; Yang, N" authorityName="Liu, Hu &amp; Yang, N" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantica">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF782EF8895BACF8A5" box="[1087,1233,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. gigantica</emphasis>
Liu, Hu &amp; Yang, N
</taxonomicName>
=6; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7CC8F8AD5D12F842" authority="Fei, Ye &amp; Huang, N" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Huang, N" box="[217,623,1901,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7CC8F8AD5E00F841" box="[217,381,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. glandulosa</emphasis>
Fei, Ye &amp; Huang, N
</taxonomicName>
=10; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7EB8F8AD5CE5F842" authority="Fei" authorityName="Fei" box="[681,920,1901,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jingdongensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7EB8F8AD5C11F841" box="[681,876,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. jingdongensis</emphasis>
Fei
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Ye, N=2; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7821F8AD5AE5F842" authority="Stuart, Chuaynkern" authorityName="Stuart, Chuaynkern" box="[1072,1432,1901,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lekaguli">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7821F8AD5BCCF841" box="[1072,1201,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. lekaguli</emphasis>
Stuart, Chuaynkern
</taxonomicName>
, Chan-ard &amp; Inger, N=8; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7DBEF8515DD6F86E" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[431,683,1937,1962]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7DBEF8515D65F86D" box="[431,536,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. major</emphasis>
(Boulenger)
</taxonomicName>
, N=8; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7EE9F8515CB0F86E" authority="Fei" authorityName="Fei" box="[760,973,1937,1962]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medogensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7EE9F8515CDCF86D" box="[760,929,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. medogensis</emphasis>
Fei
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Ye, N=16; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF787EF8515A16F86E" authority="Liu, N" authorityName="Liu, N" box="[1135,1387,1937,1962]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omeimontis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF787EF8515A6BF86D" box="[1135,1302,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. omeimontis</emphasis>
Liu, N
</taxonomicName>
=10; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7C86F8755EDBF80A" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[151,422,1973,1998]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7C86F8755E6EF809" box="[151,275,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. robusta</emphasis>
(Boulenger)
</taxonomicName>
, N=4; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAF7DE4F8755DE3F80A" authority="Liu" authorityName="Liu" box="[501,670,1973,1998]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinata">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7DE4F8755D13F809" box="[501,622,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. spinata</emphasis>
Liu
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Hu, N=2); from the following medium-sized species by smaller adult size, male SVL 39.1–45.0 mm, N=8, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF89FFAF7F0BF8195CFCF835" box="[794,897,2010,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.89" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="48.9">48.9 mm</quantity>
, N=1 (vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF89FFAE7FEDF8195E4AFF74" authority="Mahony, Sengupta, Kamei &amp; Biju" authorityName="Mahony, Sengupta, Kamei &amp; Biju" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF89FFAF7FEDF8195BC5F835" box="[1020,1208,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">M. megacephala</emphasis>
Mahony, Sengupta, Kamei &amp; Biju
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7DAAFF545D1CFF6B" box="[443,609,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.965" metricValueMax="5.34" metricValueMin="4.59" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="49.65" valueMax="53.4" valueMin="45.9">45.9–53.4 mm</quantity>
, N=7, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7F2EFF545CDBFF6B" box="[831,934,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.44" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="64.4">64.4 mm</quantity>
, N=1; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7FE5FF5A5BA4FF74" authority="Mahony" authorityName="Mahony" box="[1012,1241,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7FE5FF5A5B09FF74" box="[1012,1140,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. takensis</emphasis>
Mahony
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 47.3– 53.0 mm, N=3, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7DCEFF7F5D3AFF10" box="[479,583,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.29" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="72.9">72.9 mm</quantity>
, N=1), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7F22FF7E5C93FF10" box="[819,1006,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7F22FF7E5C93FF10" box="[819,1006,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. megacephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by considerably narrower head, HW/ SVL 30.0–35.8%, N=10 (vs. HW/SVL 40.2–45.1%, N=9), and further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7FE7FF225B0BFF3C" box="[1014,1142,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7FE7FF225B0BFF3C" box="[1014,1142,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. takensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by vomerine ridges small to medium-sized, weakly raised and circular (vs. elongated stalk-like projections); from the following small-sized species by larger adult size, male SVL 39.1–45.0 mm, N=8, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7FC4FEEB5B41FEFB" box="[981,1084,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.89" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="48.9">48.9 mm</quantity>
, N=1 (vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE78A2FEEA5F93FEA1" authority="Rao &amp; Yang" authorityName="Rao &amp; Yang" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daweimontis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE78A2FEEA5A1AFE84" box="[1203,1383,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. daweimontis</emphasis>
Rao &amp; Yang
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7D7EFE8F5E96FEA0" box="[367,491,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="34.0">34–37 mm</quantity>
, N=17, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7EC5FE8F5C2DFEA0" box="[724,848,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="40.0">40–46 mm</quantity>
, N=3; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7F8CFE8E5BD7FEA1" authority="Huang" authorityName="Huang" box="[925,1194,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyproctus">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7F8CFE8E5B25FEA0" box="[925,1112,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. pachyproctus</emphasis>
Huang
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE793DFE8F5FB8FE43" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.575" metricValueMax="3.62" metricValueMin="3.53" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="35.75" valueMax="36.2" valueMin="35.3">35.3–36.2 mm</quantity>
, N=2, female unknown; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7DFCFEB25D25FE4C" box="[493,600,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7DFCFEB25D25FE4C" box="[493,600,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 33.9–36.0 mm, N=2, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE786FFEB35A55FE43" box="[1150,1320,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.125" metricValueMax="4.14" metricValueMin="4.11" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="41.25" valueMax="41.4" valueMin="41.1">41.1–41.4 mm</quantity>
, N=2; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE796CFEB25E23FE68" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wuliangshanensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE796CFEB25E23FE68" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. wuliangshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ye &amp; Fei male SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7E5DFE575D8CFE68" box="[588,753,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.945" metricValueMax="3.16" metricValueMin="2.73" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="29.45" valueMax="31.6" valueMin="27.3">27.3–31.6 mm</quantity>
, N=10, female SVL 41.0– 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF88FFAE7808FE575B02FE68" box="[1049,1151,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="41.5">41.5 mm</quantity>
, N=2; 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE78DAFE565E3FFE14" authority="Mathew &amp; Sen" authorityName="Mathew &amp; Sen" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zunhebotoensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE78DAFE565AE1FE68" box="[1227,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. zunhebotoensis</emphasis>
Mathew &amp; Sen
</taxonomicName>
male SVL 30.0 mm, N=1, female SVL 39.0 mm, N=1), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7848FE7A5A71FE14" box="[1113,1292,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daweimontis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7848FE7A5A71FE14" box="[1113,1292,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. daweimontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by HL&gt;HW (vs. HW≥HL), palmar and metatarsal tubercles absent in life and in preservation (vs. inner and outer palmar tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercles distinct and red in life), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7823FDC25B8FFDDC" box="[1074,1266,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyproctus">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7823FDC25B8FFDDC" box="[1074,1266,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. pachyproctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by protruding projection posterior to cloaca of male absent (vs. present), and further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7814FDE65B13FDF8" box="[1029,1134,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7814FDE65B13FDF8" box="[1029,1134,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF88FFAE788CFDE75BABFDF8" box="[1181,1238,548,572]" name="Chad" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 49.2–63.2%, N=10 (vs. 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF88FFAE7D00FD8B5E37FDA4" box="[273,330,584,608]" name="Chad" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 40–48.9%, N=4), shanks considerably longer on males, SHL/SVL 46–55.3%, N=8 (vs. male SHL/SVL 42.8–43.7%, N=2); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7E27FDAE5C52FD41" authority="Liu" authorityName="Liu" box="[566,815,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nankiangensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7E27FDAE5D83FD40" box="[566,766,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. nankiangensis</emphasis>
Liu
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Hu and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7FA7FDAE5BE2FD41" authority="Liu" authorityName="Liu" box="[950,1183,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shapingensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7FA7FDAE5B12FD40" box="[950,1135,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. shapingensis</emphasis>
Liu
</taxonomicName>
by tympanum clearly defined (vs. tympanum concealed by supratympanic fold); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7F67FD525B41FD6C" box="[886,1084,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binchuanensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7F67FD525B41FD6C" box="[886,1084,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. binchuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ye &amp; Fei and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE78F6FD525AE1FD6C" box="[1255,1436,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wushanensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE78F6FD525AE1FD6C" box="[1255,1436,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. wushanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ye &amp; Fei by subarticular tubercles absent (vs. present), and lateral fringes on toes absent (vs. present); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE796CFD765EB7FD2B" authority="Bourret" authorityName="Bourret" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palpebralespinosa">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE796CFD765E1BFD34" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. palpebralespinosa</emphasis>
Bourret
</taxonomicName>
by webbing between toes rudimentary (vs. approx. half digit length); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE796CFD1A5EE2FCD1" authority="Jiang, Fei" authorityName="Jiang, Fei" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binlingensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE796CFD1A5E63FCD0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. binlingensis</emphasis>
Jiang, Fei
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Ye and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7E21FD3E5DE3FCD0" box="[560,670,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7E21FD3E5DE3FCD0" box="[560,670,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lateral fringes on toes absent (vs. present), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE796CFD3E5E63FCFC" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binlingensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE796CFD3E5E63FCFC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. binlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by vomerine ridges weakly raised and circular (vs. slender and not dilated at its posterior region), and further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7D39FC865EEDFC98" box="[296,400,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7D39FC865EEDFC98" box="[296,400,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by dark spots on the throat present on most specimens (vs. absent); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE78DAFC865E40FC44" authority="Fei, Jiang &amp; Zheng" authorityName="Fei, Jiang &amp; Zheng" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wawuensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE78DAFC865A17FC98" box="[1227,1386,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. wawuensis</emphasis>
Fei, Jiang &amp; Zheng
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7D62FCAA5E9EFC44" box="[371,483,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7D62FCAA5E9EFC44" box="[371,483,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ye &amp; Fei by dorsolateral folds distinct (vs. indistinct), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE78CAFCAA5A04FCBB" box="[1243,1401,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wawuensis">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE78CAFCAA5A04FCBB" box="[1243,1401,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. wawuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger tympanum, 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF88FFAE7D7CFC4F5EDBFC60" box="[365,422,908,932]" name="Chad" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED 49.2–63.2%, N=10 (vs. 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF88FFAE7EE6FC4F5C4DFC60" box="[759,816,908,932]" name="Chad" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">TYD</collectingCountry>
/ED ca. 33%), and further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE78BEFC4E5A59FC60" box="[1199,1316,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE78BEFC4E5A59FC60" box="[1199,1316,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lateral fringes on toes absent (vs. present); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF88FFAE7E75FC725CDBFC0C" authority="Mathew &amp; Sen" authorityName="Mathew &amp; Sen" box="[612,934,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serchhipii">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7E75FC725D85FC0C" box="[612,760,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M. serchhipii</emphasis>
Mathew &amp; Sen
</taxonomicName>
by dorsolateral folds always present, usually 2/3 to complete body length (vs. absent).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF88FFA87CD6FC345DBAF932" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF88FFAE7CD6FC345B84FAB4" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF88FFAE7CD6FC345D97FBD4" bold="true" box="[199,746,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF88FFAE7CD6FC345E49FBD4" box="[199,308,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
description (measurements in mm).
</emphasis>
Mature male (SVL 45.3) (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE7831FC345BF0FBD4" box="[1056,1165,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Figures 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE788CFC3B5BBEFBD4" box="[1181,1219,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – D" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – D. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. in life. A. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male), dorsolateral view, B. paratype (BNHS 5599, adult female), lateral view, C – D. referred specimen (SDB. DU 2009.727, adult male): C. lateral view, D. anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249323/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">2A</figureCitation>
). Head small (HW 14.6, HL 15.6, IFE 7.5, IBE 12.6), longer than wide; snout rounded in dorsal view, obtusely protruding in lateral view, without rostral appendage (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE7E00FBFD5DFAFB93" box="[529,647,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
); loreal region vertical and concave; canthus rostralis angular; dorsal region of snout slightly concave; eye (EL 5.4) twice as long as maximum tympanum diameter (
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF88FFAE78E6FBA15A4FFBBE" box="[1271,1330,1122,1146]" name="Chad" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">TYD</collectingCountry>
2.7) and subequal to snout (SL 5.5); eye-tympanum distance (TYE 2.7) equal to maximum tympanum diameter; tympanum slightly oval, orientated vertically, its upper approx. 5 percent concealed by supratympanic ridge (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE78C8FB645A31FB04" box="[1241,1356,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
); pupil in life oval, horizontally orientated when dilated; nostril orientated laterally, closer to eye than snout (EN 2.5, SN 3.4); internarial distance (IN 4.7) subequal to eyelid width (UEW 4.6), and greater than narrowest point between upper eyelids (IUE 4.2); pineal ocellus not visible externally; vomerine ridges present, circular and weakly raised with small vomerine teeth, positioned between choanae, separated from each other by distance equal to distance from choanae; tongue moderately large, weakly notched posteriorly, with no medial lingual process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF88FFAE7CD6FAB85AEBF969" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
Forelimbs moderately long and thin, forearm (FAL 10.3) slightly enlarged relative to upper forelimb, and shorter than hand (HAL 13.1); fingers long and narrow without lateral fringes (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE780DFA5D5BEEFA73" box="[1052,1171,1438,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
), finger length formula I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III (FIL 5.2, FIIL 5.7, FIIIL 9.7, FIVL 6.8); interdigital webbing, and subarticular, supernumerary and palmar tubercles absent; thenar tubercle weak; finger tips slightly expanded and flattened to oval pads; terminal grooves absent. Hindlimbs relatively long and thin, shanks overlap when thighs are held at right angle to body; thigh (TL 21.8) shorter than shank (SHL 22.5), and longer than foot (FOL 19.7); toes long and rounded without lateral fringes (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE7D51F98D5ECEF9A3" box="[320,435,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Figure 1E</figureCitation>
), relative toe lengths I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV; toe tips slightly dilated, with distinct pads; terminal groves absent; base of toes with rudimentary webbing; outer metatarsal tubercle, subarticular and supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metatarsal tubercle very weak; ridge of callous tissue absent on ventral surface of all digits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF88FFA97CD6F9745B0BFEF9" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2026]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,317]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
Skin of dorsal surfaces of body, limbs, and dorsal and lateral surfaces of head weakly granular; tympanum smooth with its borders slightly raised; small pointed tubercle present on outer edge of upper eyelid; supratympanic fold narrow anteriorly, widening posteriorly, extending from orbit and curving down around upper border of tympanum, terminating above axilla (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE7E41F8E25DB7F8FE" box="[592,714,1825,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
); flanks with small scattered tubercles; thin dorsolateral fold extending from behind supratympanic fold to approximately two-thirds distance to groin, longer on left side than right; a weak, “V”-shaped parietoscapular ridge present, its two sides extending posteriorly from above tympanum and meeting medially beyond level of axilla; a second inverted “V”-shaped ridge present on mid-dorsum which joins laterally with dorsolateral fold on left side only (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF88FFAE7EE6F86D5C13F803" box="[759,878,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
); small tubercles arranged into distinct transverse rows on dorsal surface of thighs, shanks and forearms. Gular region, chest and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; abdomen weakly granular; pectoral glands small, slightly raised, positioned on level with axilla (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF8FFFA97902FF545AF1FF74" box="[1299,1420,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
); femoral glands small, slightly raised, positioned subequally distant from knee and cloaca on posterior surface of thigh; white skin asperities forming narrow band circummarginally on lower jaw; black asperities on tubercles of posterior, and few on anterior half of back and flanks, on dorsal ridges, and tympanic regions, posterior parts of upper eyelids, and less densely on dorsal surfaces of upper forelimbs, thighs and shanks.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1B1392FF8FFFA97C86F8665B78F81D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" targetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8FFFA97C86F8665B78F81D" blockId="4.[151,1435,1956,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97C86F8665E2CF87E" bold="true" box="[151,337,1957,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">FIGURE 1. A–E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8FFFA97D49F8675D65F87F" box="[344,536,1956,1979]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97D49F8675D65F87F" box="[344,536,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8FFFA97E0EF8665D0DF87E" box="[543,624,1957,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97E0EF8665D0DF87E" bold="true" box="[543,624,1957,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97885F8665BD3F87E" bold="true" box="[1172,1198,1957,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">A.</emphasis>
dorsal view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97926F8665A33F87E" bold="true" box="[1335,1358,1957,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">B.</emphasis>
ventral view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97CC2F8005F96F81D" bold="true" box="[211,235,1987,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C.</emphasis>
profile view of head, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97DDAF8075E99F81D" bold="true" box="[459,484,1988,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">D.</emphasis>
ventral view of left hand, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8FFFA97EFEF8075C7BF81D" bold="true" box="[751,774,1988,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">E.</emphasis>
ventral view of left foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1B1392FF8EFFA87C86FB495FB3FB19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249323/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1140]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8EFFA87C86FB495FB3FB19" blockId="5.[151,1436,1162,1245]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87C86FB495E31FB5B" bold="true" box="[151,332,1162,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">FIGURE 2. A–D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8EFFA87D4BFB495D64FB64" box="[346,537,1162,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87D4BFB495D64FB64" box="[346,537,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8EFFA87E30FB495D0EFB5B" box="[545,627,1162,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87E30FB495D0EFB5B" bold="true" box="[545,627,1162,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in life. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87ED4FB495DA3FB5B" bold="true" box="[709,734,1162,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">A.</emphasis>
holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male), dorsolateral view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87937FB495A40FB5B" bold="true" box="[1318,1341,1162,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">B.</emphasis>
paratype (BNHS 5599, adult female), lateral view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87E2CFB6B5D09FB7A" bold="true" box="[573,628,1192,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">C–D.</emphasis>
referred specimen (SDB.DU 2009.727, adult male): 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA8789CFB6B5BDBFB7A" bold="true" box="[1165,1190,1192,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">C.</emphasis>
lateral view, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA8793FFB6A5A3AFB7A" bold="true" box="[1326,1351,1193,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">D.</emphasis>
anterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8EFFA87CD6FAC95DBAF932" blockId="5.[151,1436,1289,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87CD6FAC95EB4FAE5" box="[199,457,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF8EFFA87DC8FACA5D46FAE6" box="[473,571,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A – E" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A – E. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male) in preservation. A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. profile view of head, D. ventral view of left hand, E. ventral view of left foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249322/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Figure 1</figureCitation>
): Entire dorsal and lateral surfaces of head, body, forelimbs and hindlimbs brown; slightly darker brown triangular marking with light central blotch between eyes; dorsolateral and supratympanic folds and flank tubercles brownish-cream; front of snout and lateral canthus rostralis dark brown; wide vertical dark brown bar below eyes and dark brown blotch covering tympanum; two dark brown blotches on anterior lateral surface of forearms; dorsal surface of hands and feet with dark brown spots and speckles. Gular region, chest and anterior part of abdomen primarily dark brown, with white speckling along outer margin of ventral mandibles; dark colouration of chest lightening posteriorly on abdomen which is mottled light and dark brown; ventral surfaces of thighs and shanks with pale brown mottling; ventral surfaces of tarsus and feet dark grey brown; area surrounding vent and posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown; forelimbs ventrally mottled light and dark brown; grey-brown colouration of ventral side of hands extending as a blotch onto ventral surface of forearms; pectoral and femoral glands white. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87E21F9B15DB3F94E" box="[560,718,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Colour in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF8EFFA87ECEF9B25C26F94E" box="[735,859,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – D" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – D. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. in life. A. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male), dorsolateral view, B. paratype (BNHS 5599, adult female), lateral view, C – D. referred specimen (SDB. DU 2009.727, adult male): C. lateral view, D. anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249323/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
): Dorsally light greyish-brown; dorsal and ventral surfaces with orange speckling, most dense on groin region, on flank tubercles and granules of dorsum, and most noticeable on ventral surfaces where it contrasts with dark grey colouration; ventral surface of throat with feint, dark longitudinal stripes. Iris metallic mid-brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF8EFFAB7CD6F8C25C36FCFC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8EFFAB7CD6F8C25BCCFDDC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1289,2034]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8EFFA87CD6F8C25E42F8DE" bold="true" box="[199,319,1793,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Variation.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C6E676A1FF8EFFA87D6BF8C25EB2F8DE" box="[378,463,1793,1818]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="20.[119,207,491,514]" captionTargetBox="[119,1926,573,1665]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for the type series and adult referred specimens of Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., and Megophrys vegrandis sp.. Measurements in mm. HT. holotype, PT. paratype, RS. referred specimen, (ind). indistinct, * measurements taken on left side." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" tableUuid="DF1B1392FF9FFFB97C66FE285A91FDE6">Table 1</tableCitation>
for morphometric characters of eight adult males and two females. Vomerine ridges small to medium-sized. Of the ten examined specimens only the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF8EFFA87FA3F8E65B69F8FA" box="[946,1044,1829,1854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the two referred specimens (SDB.DU 2009.727 and SDB.DU 2009.730) possess visible, small vomerine teeth. Dorsolateral folds extend approximately 65–100 percent of the body length except on the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF8EFFA87F6CF8AE5CA2F842" box="[893,991,1901,1926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
which possesses one side that extends only ca. 50 percent body length. All specimens have a prominent pointed tubercle on the eyelid except BNHS 5601 on which tubercles are absent, and BNHS 5600 which possesses a tubercle on one side only. Most specimens possess a “V”-shaped parietoscapular ridge and a second inverted “V”-shaped ridge on the mid-dorsum which joins laterally with the dorsolateral folds, except BNHS 5600 and BNHS 5599 which do not possess the mid-dorsal ridge. The presence of dermal asperities on SDB.DU 2009.730, BNHS 5598, and BNHS 5601–5602 is similar to the state observed on the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF8DFFAB7DABFF1C5D5DFF3C" box="[442,544,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Dermal asperities on ZSI A 11607, like on the aforementioned specimens but considerably denser. On SDB.DU 2009.727 dorsal asperities are restricted to the posterior half to the back, upper flanks, and tympanic region; on BNHS 5600 asperities on the lower jaw are absent and only sparsely cover the posterior back and hindlimbs. The dark ventral regions on the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF8DFFAB7F5EFE8F5CCCFEA1" box="[847,945,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are lighter grey-brown on some individuals (e.g., ZSI A 11607, SDB.DU 2009.727, SDB.DU 2009.730). BNHS 5598–5602 and ZSI A 11608 have distinct dark longitudinal stripes on the throat, and feint crossbars dorsally on hindlimbs. BNHS 5598–5602, and SDB.DU 2009.730 have barely distinguishable dark brown blotches surrounding the “V” shaped dorsal folds; remaining specimens without distinct dorsal markings. Dorsal colouration in life varies from light to dark brown, with varying density of orange speckling which never predominates the overall colouration (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF8DFFAB781CFE3C5BD8FDDC" box="[1037,1189,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – D" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – D. Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. in life. A. holotype (ZSI A 11606, adult male), dorsolateral view, B. paratype (BNHS 5599, adult female), lateral view, C – D. referred specimen (SDB. DU 2009.727, adult male): C. lateral view, D. anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249323/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figure 2B–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8DFFAB7CD6FDE75C36FCFC" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8DFFAB7CD6FDE75D57FDF9" bold="true" box="[199,554,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
Males with slightly raised nuptial pads covered with black micro-granules, covering most of the dorsal surface of the base of finger I, narrowing distally and extending onto the base of the distal phalange on the inner dorsal side; nuptial pad small sized and oval shaped on finger II, only on the inner dorsal side of the base of the digit; external vocal sac distinct on some individuals, and indistinct on others; internal vocal slits present near the rear of the lower mandible; forearms slightly enlarged relative to upper forelimbs; extensive dermal asperities present; protruding fleshy projection posterior to cloaca absent. Female (BNHS 5599) with large unpigmented ova (diameter 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF8DFFAB7E4BFD3F5D9BFCD0" box="[602,742,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.7 mm</quantity>
, N=4); both examined females do not possess nuptial pads, enlarged forearms, vocal sac or slits, or any dermal asperities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1B1392FF8DFFAB7C86F8A45EB4F87E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249325/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" targetBox="[151,1436,908,1873]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8DFFAB7C86F8A45EB4F87E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1895,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8DFFAB7C86F8A45E69F8B8" bold="true" box="[151,276,1895,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Map of northeastern India (shaded grey) and adjoining countries (white) showing the collection localities of the three new species. Blue spots— 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8DFFAB7DF8F8465DD1F858" box="[489,684,1925,1948]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8DFFAB7DF8F8465DD1F858" box="[489,684,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8DFFAB7EA7F8455C77F85F" box="[694,778,1926,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8DFFAB7EA7F8455C77F85F" bold="true" box="[694,778,1926,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, orange spots— 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8DFFAB7FD2F8465BDBF85F" box="[963,1190,1925,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8DFFAB7FD2F8465BDBF85F" box="[963,1190,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8DFFAB78A1F8455A78F85F" box="[1200,1285,1926,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8DFFAB78A1F8455A78F85F" bold="true" box="[1200,1285,1926,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, green spot— 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8DFFAB7C86F8675E0EF87E" box="[151,371,1956,1978]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vegrandis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8DFFAB7C86F8675E0EF87E" box="[151,371,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Megophrys vegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8DFFAB7D68F8665EB4F87E" box="[377,457,1957,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1B1392FF8CFFAA7C86F9B95B2EF8CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249326/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1635]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8CFFAA7C86F9B95B2EF8CE" blockId="7.[151,1435,1658,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7C86F9B95E28F94B" bold="true" box="[151,341,1658,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">FIGURE 4. A–D.</emphasis>
Habitat images at the collection localities of the three new species: 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA780DF9B95B48F94B" bold="true" box="[1052,1077,1658,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">A.</emphasis>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8CFFAA7872F9B95A3CF954" box="[1123,1345,1658,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vegrandis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7872F9B95A3CF954" box="[1123,1345,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Megophrys vegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8CFFAA7958F9B95AE6F94B" box="[1353,1435,1658,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7958F9B95AE6F94B" bold="true" box="[1353,1435,1658,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
showing the point where the side stream meets the Sessa river (dark opening in vegetation, centre frame on the bank of the river), 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7CF1F9745F8AF908" bold="true" box="[224,247,1719,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">B.</emphasis>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8CFFAA7D38F9745D71F909" box="[297,524,1719,1741]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7D38F9745D71F909" box="[297,524,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8CFFAA7E07F9745D16F908" box="[534,619,1719,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7E07F9745D16F908" bold="true" box="[534,619,1719,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
showing the type locality showing Um Risa stream, in Malki Forest, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA794DF9745A09F909" bold="true" box="[1372,1396,1719,1741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C.</emphasis>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8CFFAA7C86F9165E05F92F" box="[151,376,1749,1771]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7C86F9165E05F92F" box="[151,376,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Megophrys oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8CFFAA7D91F9155EAFF92F" box="[384,466,1750,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7D91F9155EAFF92F" bold="true" box="[384,466,1750,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
showing a collection stream in Mawphlang Sacred Forest, 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA782AF9155B2EF92F" bold="true" box="[1083,1107,1750,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">D.</emphasis>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8CFFAA7890F9165A3CF928" box="[1153,1345,1749,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7890F9165A3CF928" box="[1153,1345,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF8CFFAA7958F9155AE6F92F" box="[1353,1435,1750,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7958F9155AE6F92F" bold="true" box="[1353,1435,1750,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
showing the stream at the type locality in Deban, Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF8CFFA57CD6F8F45D55FE17" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF8CFFAA7CD6F8F45EC1F81B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1847,2016]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7CD6F8F45E33F894" bold="true" box="[199,334,1847,1872]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF8CFFAA7E5CF8FB5DE6F88B" box="[589,667,1848,1871]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7E5CF8FB5DE6F88B" box="[589,667,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is Latin for “of the valley” as all collection localities for the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF8CFFAA797DF8FB5AE1F894" box="[1388,1436,1848,1872]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
series were along the foothills of the Noa-Dihing river valley in Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve. 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF8CFFAA7CD6F8BC5E1DF85C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1919,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is thus far known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF8CFFAA7F7CF8435CE0F85C" box="[877,925,1920,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
locality and surrounding foothill areas (
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF8CFFAA7973F8BC5F9CF87F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="560.0" valueMax="790.0" valueMin="330.0">330– 790 m</quantity>
asl.) in Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve in Changlang district of eastern Arunachal Pradesh, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF8CFFAA7D15F8045E43F824" box="[260,318,1991,2016]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">India</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF8CFFAA7D5DF8045ED3F81B" box="[332,430,1991,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,908,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,908,1874]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of northeastern India (shaded grey) and adjoining countries (white) showing the collection localities of the three new species. Blue spots— Megophrys ancrae sp. nov., orange spots— Megophrys oropedion sp. nov., green spot— Megophrys vegrandis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249325/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57CD6FF545D55FE17" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CD6FF545D5EFF74" bold="true" box="[199,547,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Habitat and natural history.</emphasis>
The primary habitat 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF83FFA57F31FF5B5C2DFF74" box="[800,848,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">type</typeStatus>
in Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve is broadly regarded as tropical lowland evergreen forest (see Proctor 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57F84FF7E5CADFF10" box="[917,976,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">et al.</emphasis>
1998, and references therein for further description of forest composition). 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57E3FFF235C79FF3C" box="[558,772,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57E3FFF235C79FF3C" box="[558,772,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF83FFA57F1FFF1C5C16FF3C" box="[782,875,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57F1FFF1C5C16FF3C" bold="true" box="[782,875,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was found to be relatively abundant at the 
<typeStatus id="54DFFDB8FF83FFA5797DFF235AE1FF3C" box="[1388,1436,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">type</typeStatus>
locality, however they were quite difficult to locate. ZSI A 11606–11607 were collected from leaf litter on the forest floor. BNHS 5598 was collected from a bush overhanging the Bornulla stream at ca. 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA57889FEEB5BBEFEFB" box="[1176,1219,296,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
above stream level (
<figureCitation id="135F5F9FFF83FFA57C8FFE8F5E65FEA0" box="[158,280,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – D" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – D. Habitat images at the collection localities of the three new species: A. for Megophrys vegrandis sp. nov. showing the point where the side stream meets the Sessa river (dark opening in vegetation, centre frame on the bank of the river), B. for Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. showing the type locality showing Um Risa stream, in Malki Forest, C. for Megophrys oropedion sp. nov. showing a collection stream in Mawphlang Sacred Forest, D. for Megophrys ancrae sp. nov. showing the stream at the type locality in Deban, Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249326/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Figure 4D</figureCitation>
). All specimens were active and collected between 18:30–19:30 h. The adult female BNHS 5599 was gravid and all males were calling when collected, indicating that the breeding season for this species extends at least between 
<date id="FFDA65DAFF83FFA57D27FE545D60FE6B" box="[310,541,403,432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">20th May to 20th July</date>
. Bornulla stream is a steep rocky torrent that flows through dense forest habitat with dense undergrowth vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E1091FF83FFA57CD6FE1D5CE4FBD7" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57CD6FE1D5A3BFD37" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57CD6FE1D5E46FE33" bold="true" box="[199,315,478,503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the past couple of decades the results of only a few herpetological surveys in Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve have been published (e.g., Pawar &amp; Birand 2001; Sarkar &amp; Ray 2006; Sarkar &amp; Sanyal 1985). From the 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57D4DFDE55E82FDFB" box="[348,511,550,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megophryinae">Megophryinae</taxonomicName>
subfamily, Pawar and Birand (2001) reported the species 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA578B3FDE45A00FDFB" box="[1186,1405,551,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA578B3FDE45A00FDFB" box="[1186,1405,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; a large bodied species which can not be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57EE1FD885CBEFDA6" box="[752,963,587,611]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57EE1FD885CBEFDA6" box="[752,963,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF83FFA57FDBFD895B58FDA7" box="[970,1061,586,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57FDBFD895B58FDA7" bold="true" box="[970,1061,586,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Though these authors mentioned that some specimens from their northeast Indian survey were collected for later identification, they do not provide specimen details, thus their locality reports must be considered anecdotal. Sarkar &amp; Ray (2006) report a single specimen which they identify as 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57E3FFD745D80FD0B" box="[558,765,695,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57E3FFD745D80FD0B" box="[558,765,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a brief description stating characters that clearly distinguish it from the species described here, i.e., SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA57F1BFD195C27FD36" box="[778,858,730,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="67.0">67 mm</quantity>
and toes “more or less one fourth webbed”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB431AFF83FFA57CD6FD3C5CE4FBD7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
A single adult female 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57DD6FD3C5D38FCD3" box="[455,581,767,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57DD6FD3C5D38FCD3" box="[455,581,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen (BMNH 1934.10.2.10) was collected by Captain Kingdon Ward from the Lohit Valley, Sadiya Frontier Tract, and discussed by Smith (1935) under the identification of 
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA5793EFCE05AE0FCFE" box="[1327,1437,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA5793EFCE05AE5FCFE" box="[1327,1432,803,826]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">M. minor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The Lohit River flows through the Lohit and Anjaw districts of Arunachal Pradesh and forms the adjacent 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA5794AFC855AE1FC9B" box="[1371,1436,838,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
drainage system to the north of that created by the Noa-Dihing river valley. The condition of the specimen is quite dehydrated making determination of soft characters unreliable, however it is not considered to be conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57C86FC705E13FC0E" box="[151,366,947,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57C86FC705E13FC0E" box="[151,366,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Megophrys ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2232273FF83FFA57D6BFC715EA5FC0F" box="[378,472,946,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57D6BFC715EA5FC0F" bold="true" box="[378,472,946,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
due to small adult female size (SVL 
<quantity id="4C9CEEFFFF83FFA57F8CFC715B74FC0F" box="[925,1033,946,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="34.5">34.5 mm</quantity>
), absence of vomerine ridges, and circular tympanum (Mahony, pers. obs.). Further fresh collections of the Lohit population are necessary to revise Smith’s identification, and thus the verification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C643899FF83FFA57EDAFC385C49FBD6" box="[715,820,1019,1042]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B9109F08FF83FFA57EDAFC385C49FBD6" box="[715,820,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F373038AFF83FFA57F46FC395CE9FBD7" box="[855,916,1018,1043]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>