treatments-xml/data/03/F9/E1/03F9E128591CFF88FF49FE03FE78FF4C.xml
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<document ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.13.159" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3694a5b6-d12b-4bdf-ad8c-aea2000cec4e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975707" ID-ISSN="13132970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576466" ID-ZooBank="94FB118C-4FD6-49AB-ADA6-80313E2B6212" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="2" checkinTime="1587964629843" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Engel, Michael" docDate="2009" docId="03F9E128591CFF88FF49FE03FE78FF4C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2000.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 13 (13)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@21183fb3" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Leptofoeninae Handlirsch 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFC09950591FFF8BFFC5FFE0FF92FA22" masterDocTitle="The first fossil leptofoenine wasp (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae): A new species of Leptofoenus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="57" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1636536738237" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The first fossil leptofoenine wasp (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae): A new species of Leptofoenus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Kansas, Natural History Museum, Lawrence, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-07-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>66</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.13.159</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3694a5b6-d12b-4bdf-ad8c-aea2000cec4e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">13132970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576466</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">94FB118C-4FD6-49AB-ADA6-80313E2B6212</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F9E128591CFF88FF49FE03FE78FF4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9E128591CFF88FF49FE03FE78FF4C" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection box="[140,658,483,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,658,448,509]" box="[140,658,483,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<heading box="[140,658,483,509]" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,658,483,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName authority="Handlirsch, 1924" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1924" box="[269,658,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptofoeninae">
Leptofoeninae
<bibRefCitation author="Handlirsch A" box="[448,658,483,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="377 - 1143" refId="ref3451" refString="Handlirsch A (1924) Systematische Ubersicht. In: Schroder C (Ed) Handbuch der Entomologie, Band 3: Geschichte, Literatur, Technik, Palaontologie, Phylogenie, Systematik. Fischer, Jena, 377 - 1143 [total volume pages viii + 1201 pp.]." type="book chapter" year="1924">Handlirsch, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,553,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName box="[140,292,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecinellinae">Pelecinellinae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Ashmead WH" box="[304,554,553,580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="230 - 233" refId="ref3164" refString="Ashmead WH (1895) On the genus Pelecinella Westwood, and its position among the Chalcididae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3 (4): 230 - 233." type="journal article" year="1895">Ashmead, 1895: 231</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[569,624,554,580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName authority="Westwood, 1868" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1868" box="[721,1046,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pelecinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[721,834,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Pelecinella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[845,1046,554,580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refId="ref3649" refString="Westwood JO (1868) Descriptions of new genera and species of Chalcididae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 7: xxxv-xxxvii." type="journal volume" year="1868">Westwood, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Not to be given precedence over Leptofoenidae
<bibRefCitation author="Handlirsch A" box="[681,883,589,615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="377 - 1143" refId="ref3451" refString="Handlirsch A (1924) Systematische Ubersicht. In: Schroder C (Ed) Handbuch der Entomologie, Band 3: Geschichte, Literatur, Technik, Palaontologie, Phylogenie, Systematik. Fischer, Jena, 377 - 1143 [total volume pages viii + 1201 pp.]." type="book chapter" year="1924">
Handlirsch,
<quantity box="[824,883,589,615]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88696" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="1924.0">1924</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
in accordance with ICZN (1999, Art. 40.2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,553,686]" box="[140,1006,659,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
Leptofoenidae
<bibRefCitation author="Handlirsch A" box="[309,571,659,685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="377 - 1143" refId="ref3451" refString="Handlirsch A (1924) Systematische Ubersicht. In: Schroder C (Ed) Handbuch der Entomologie, Band 3: Geschichte, Literatur, Technik, Palaontologie, Phylogenie, Systematik. Fischer, Jena, 377 - 1143 [total volume pages viii + 1201 pp.]." type="book chapter" year="1924">Handlirsch, 1924: 744</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[581,636,660,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName authority="Smith, 1862" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" box="[723,1001,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Leptofoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[723,849,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Leptofoenus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Smith F" box="[856,1001,659,685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="29 - 44" refId="ref3593" refString="Smith F (1862) Descriptions of new species of aculeate Hymenoptera, collected at Panama by R. W. Stretch, Esq., with a list of described species, and the various localities where they have previously occurred. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1: 29 - 44." type="journal article" year="1862">Smith, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,729,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,267,729,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis box="[140,262,729,755]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Large, elongate species (
<quantity box="[553,662,729,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="5.0">5-27 mm</quantity>
in length); head subcubic, with parascrobal crests; inner orbits of compound eyes parallel or slightly divergent toward lower tangents; antenna 13-segmented (except see below), without true anellus, toruli situated above lower tangent of compound eyes; malar space short; mandible blunt, with large truncate apex, sometimes with a small ventral truncation or tooth; mesosoma elongate, with pronotum dorsally twice as long as wide; legs slender and elongate; petiole elongate; ovipositor elongate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,729,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,324,976,1002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis box="[185,319,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" reason="1">Comments</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The family-group name based on
<taxonomicName authority="Westwood, 1868" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1868" box="[726,839,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pelecinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[726,839,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Pelecinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
predates that based on
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" box="[140,266,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Leptofoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,266,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Leptofoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and accordingly holds priority for usage. Although
<taxonomicName authority="Westwood, 1868" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1868" box="[861,974,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pelecinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[861,974,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Pelecinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" box="[410,536,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Leptofoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[410,536,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Leptofoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Brues CT" box="[553,695,1047,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="302 - 304" refId="ref3272" refString="Brues CT (1924) The identity of Leptofoenus F. Smith and Pelecinella Westwood (Hymenoptera). Psyche 31 (6): 302 - 304." type="journal article" year="1924">Brues, 1924</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="LaSalle J &amp; Stage GI" box="[709,985,1046,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="285 - 298" refId="ref3564" refString="LaSalle J, Stage GI (1985) The chalcidoid genus Leptofoenus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Systematic Entomology 10 (3): 285 - 298." type="journal article" year="1985">LaSalle and Stage, 1985</bibRefCitation>
), this does not affect the availability of the family-group name based upon it (ICZN, 1999: Art. 40.1). However, reverting to
<taxonomicName box="[463,615,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecinellinae">Pelecinellinae</taxonomicName>
for the subfamily is not in the general interest of nomenclatural stability given that a family-group name based on
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" box="[938,1064,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Leptofoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[938,1064,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Leptofoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been in universal usage since at least 1958 (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek Z" box="[681,835,1187,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="353 - 404" refId="ref3198" refString="Boucek Z (1958) Eine Cleonyminen-Studie; Bestimmungstabelle der Gattungen mit Beschreibungen und Notizen, eingeschlossen einige Eupelmidae (Hym. Chalcidoidea). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 32: 353 - 404." type="journal article" year="1958">Bouček 1958</bibRefCitation>
). Accordingly, the name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1924" box="[140,302,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptofoeninae">Leptofoeninae</taxonomicName>
is retained as the name for this subfamily in accordance with the spirit, if not the precise letter, of Art. 40.2 (ICZN, 1999).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,729,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<bibRefCitation author="LaSalle J &amp; Stage GI" box="[185,466,1293,1320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="285 - 298" refId="ref3564" refString="LaSalle J, Stage GI (1985) The chalcidoid genus Leptofoenus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Systematic Entomology 10 (3): 285 - 298." type="journal article" year="1985">LaSalle and Stage (1985)</bibRefCitation>
provided a revision of the species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" box="[883,1009,1293,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Leptofoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[883,1009,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Leptofoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[including at that time
<taxonomicName authority="(Dodd)" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[324,695,1327,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Doddifoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis box="[324,596,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Doddifoenus australiensis</emphasis>
(Dodd)
</taxonomicName>
], while
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek Z" box="[783,952,1328,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refId="ref3234" refString="Boucek Z (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species. CAB International, Wallingford, [ii] + 832 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bouček (1988)</bibRefCitation>
characterized the two species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[347,483,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Doddifoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[347,483,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Doddifoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>