487 lines
50 KiB
XML
487 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762456" ID-ZooBank="057285E1-92C9-4D76-921A-CE3C85D0D3B1" checkinTime="1679558471249" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Neethling, J. A. & Neethling, C." docDate="2023" docId="EB305F51B50BF660FF1EF91CFCCDFBB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5256.6.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5256 (6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gymnobisium megalodontum Neethling & Neethling 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="524" masterDocId="17092729B518F677FF89FF81FFD1FF85" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of the South African Gymnobisiidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="543" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="520" updateTime="1679591149964" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A systematic revision of the South African Gymnobisiidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neethling, J. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1702-9566</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Terrestrial Invertebrates Department, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. ja. neethling @ nasmus. co. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1702 - 9566</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ja.neethling@nasmus.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neethling, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0009-0003-6492-4798</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Research Quality and Support, Clinglobal Limited, P. O. Box 11186, Bloemfontein 9321, South Africa. carmen. neethling @ clinglobal. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0003 - 6492 - 4798</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">carmen.neethling@clinglobal.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5256</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>501</mods:start>
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<mods:end>543</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7762456</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">057285E1-92C9-4D76-921A-CE3C85D0D3B1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762516" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B50BF660FF1EF91CFCCDFBB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB305F51B50BF660FF1EF91CFCCDFBB0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<subSubSection box="[151,610,1693,1720]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,610,1693,1755]" box="[151,610,1693,1720]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,610,1693,1720]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,610,1693,1720]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<taxonomicName authority="Neethling & Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling & Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,509,1693,1720]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalodontum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,509,1693,1720]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Gymnobisium megalodontum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[516,610,1693,1719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[151,277,1729,1755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,610,1693,1755]" box="[151,277,1729,1755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<figureCitation box="[151,277,1729,1755]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 14" captionStart-1="FIGURE 15" captionStart-2="FIGURE 16" captionStart-3="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="20.[151,250,1876,1900]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionStartId-3="23.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetBox-1="[172,1415,1307,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,1101,1562]" captionTargetId-0="figure-96@20.[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetId-1="figure-521@21.[172,1416,1306,1955]" captionTargetId-2="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetId-3="figure-414@23.[151,1436,1101,1562]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 14. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov., Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Dorsal view; B, D. Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 15. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. right chela: Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Retrolateral view; B, D. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 17. Anterior retrolateral views of movable chelal fingers showing differences in isolated teeth at base of venom tooth. A. Gymnobisium octoflagellatum Beier, 1947, with small tooth; B. G. megalodontum sp. nov. with enlarged tooth." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762502" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762504" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762512" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7762502/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7762504/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7762512/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Figs 14–17</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,1801,2007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-03-14" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="J. A. Neethling" country="South Africa" elevation="1967" latitude="-28.266666" location="Platberg Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="29.183332" municipality="Harrismith" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="NMBAP 00346" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Free State" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,269,1801,1827]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<typeStatus box="[151,264,1801,1827]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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♂,
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<collectingCountry box="[313,518,1801,1827]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[530,646,1801,1828]" country="South Africa" name="Free State" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Free State</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[658,782,1801,1827]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Harrismith</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B50BF660FF1EF91CFCCDFBB0:6646B89CB50BF664FC93F888FBE1F8A1" box="[794,1072,1801,1828]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.266666" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="29.183332" municipality="Harrismith" name="Platberg Nature Reserve" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" stateProvince="Free State">Platberg Nature Reserve</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1084,1175,1803,1830]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="-28.266666">28°16′S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1187,1279,1803,1830]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="29.183332">29°11′E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation box="[1292,1431,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9669999999999999" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1967.0">
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<quantity box="[1292,1370,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9669999999999999" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1967.0">1967m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectorName box="[151,251,1838,1864]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Montane</collectorName>
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bushveld,
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<collectorName box="[373,424,1837,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Leaf</collectorName>
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litter sifting, leg.
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<collectorName box="[625,790,1837,1864]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">J.A. Neethling</collectorName>
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,
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<date box="[801,928,1837,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="2012-03-14">
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<collectingDate box="[801,928,1837,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="2012-03-14">14.III.2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<specimenCode box="[942,1124,1837,1863]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">NMBAP 00346</specimenCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,1801,2007]" box="[199,844,1873,1902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<materialsCitation box="[199,840,1873,1902]" collectingDate="2012-03-14" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="J. A. Neethling" country="South Africa" elevation="1967" latitude="-28.266666" location="Platberg Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="29.183332" municipality="Harrismith" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="NMBAP 00345" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Free State" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,1873,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<typeStatus box="[199,323,1873,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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2♂, Same data as holotype (
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<specimenCode box="[650,832,1873,1900]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">NMBAP 00345</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,1801,2007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,335,1909,1936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name is a compound of the ancient Greek words
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<emphasis box="[1048,1130,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">megálo</emphasis>
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, meaning great, and
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<emphasis box="[1372,1430,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">dónti</emphasis>
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, meaning tooth. The name refers to the lightly sclerotized tooth at the posterior base of the venom tooth on the movable chelal finger, which is significantly enlarged in this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="521" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,150,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Moderately sized species (chela length
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<specimenCount box="[793,814,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[825,994,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.245" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="1.245" valueMax="1.27" valueMin="1.22">1.22–1.27 mm</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1010,1091,151,179]" degrees="1.12" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" precision="555" value="-1.12">
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♂
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<quantity box="[1042,1091,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="1.12" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="1.175" valueMax="1.23" valueMin="1.12">1.12</quantity>
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</geoCoordinate>
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–1.23 mm), with chelae more bulbous in females than in males (chela ratio
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<specimenCount box="[652,673,187,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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2.95–2.97 versus
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<geoCoordinate box="[875,951,186,215]" degrees="3.32" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" precision="555" value="-3.32">♂ 3.32</geoCoordinate>
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–3.50 times longer than broad); fixed finger multi-toothed structure with five strongly sclerotized teeth; cheliceral hand with five setae; galea with six rami; rallum with eight blades. Differs from all congeners by having a distinctly enlarged tooth just preceding the venom tooth of the movable chelal finger.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762502/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" startId="20.[151,250,1876,1900]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1853]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,1876,1937]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1876,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
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Digital microscope photographs of
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<taxonomicName authority="Neethling & Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling & Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[652,950,1877,1901]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalodontum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[652,950,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">Gymnobisium megalodontum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[956,1036,1877,1901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[956,1036,1877,1901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, Female (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1139,1157,1876,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1170,1187,1877,1901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">B</emphasis>
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) and Male (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1311,1329,1876,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1341,1359,1877,1901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">D</emphasis>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1399,1876,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1876,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">C.</emphasis>
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Dorsal view;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[288,305,1913,1937]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">B</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[317,342,1913,1937]" pageId="20" pageNumber="521">D.</emphasis>
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Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[199,337,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis box="[199,319,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Carapace:</emphasis>
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Somewhat broader than long in females, somewhat longer than broad in males, subquadrate, overall smooth and without furrow. Brown in colouration in both sexes. Two pairs of eyes located dorso-laterally at the front (
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<figureCitation box="[159,297,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-96@20.[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov., Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Dorsal view; B, D. Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762502/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
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). Small seta located on the dorso-anterior margin of each of the posterior eyes. Female carapace with 28, male carapace with 27 setae, arranged 4: 6: 2: 4: 4: 8(7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis box="[199,314,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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Tergites and sternites smooth, undivided and uniseriate, brown in both sexes (
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||
<figureCitation box="[1197,1335,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-96@20.[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov., Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Dorsal view; B, D. Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762502/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
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). In both sexes the lateral and posterior edges of tergites I–XI are distinctly lighter in colour, tergite XII uniform brown. The tergal setae are located on the posterior edge of each tergite, within the lighter coloured band. In both sexes sternites X–XI same colour as tergites; III–IX lighter brown; I & II tan (
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<figureCitation box="[857,994,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-96@20.[151,1436,345,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov., Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Dorsal view; B, D. Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762502/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Fig. 14B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternites I and II are fused and hardly distinguishable. Female operculum with seven setae loosely grouped in the centre of the posterior margin of sternite II. Males with 20 setae at the operculum cluster on sternites II, seven situated centrally along the posterior margin of sternites II with another 13 clustered centrally just anteriorly. Male sternites III with 13 setae situated centrally along the anterior margin, at the genital opening. Pleural membrane cream to light yellow in colour, faintly papillate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1436,649,712]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Tergal chaetotaxy: 7(7): 10(10): 11(11): 12(13): 12(12): 12(12): 12(13): 11(12): 11(11): 10(9): 11(10): 2(2). Sternal chaetotaxy: 7(20):?(?): 17(18): 18(17): 14(16): 14(16): 14(16): 13(13): 12(15): 11(11): 11(10): 2(2).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,752,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,300,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Pedipalp</emphasis>
|
||
: All segments smooth and dark orange-brown in colour in both sexes. Trochanter cone-shaped and rounded anteriorly, curved slightly posteriorly. Base narrow, widening distally. Setae present on the anterior surface. Femur slender, 3.30–3.55 (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[462,480,824,850]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) to 3.67–3.75 (♂) times longer than wide, somewhat constricted basally, widening just distal of base. Deep disto-prolateral excavation present. Setae absent from base, though distributed evenly over rest of surface. Patella constricted and slightly angled at base, widening markedly distal at around a third segment length, 2.32 (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[308,326,932,958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) to 2.48–2.66 (♂) times longer than wide. Several small lyriform fissures present on the dorsal surface, just distal of base. Two larger lyriform fissures present latero-dorsally from these, where the segment starts to widen. Very shallow disto-prolateral excavation present. Setae sparse at base, more numerous on wide part of patella (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[241,344,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,752,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,266,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Chela</emphasis>
|
||
: In both sexes smooth and uniformly dark orange-brown. Female hand larger, prolateral surface more convex, than those of males. Male hand smaller, markedly less convex prolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1188,1329,1112,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,1307,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-521@21.[172,1416,1306,1955]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. right chela: Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Retrolateral view; B, D. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762504/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Fig. 15B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Viewed retrolaterally, female chelal hand presents a somewhat rectangular shape, less pronounced in males (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1285,1423,1148,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,1307,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-521@21.[172,1416,1306,1955]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. right chela: Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Retrolateral view; B, D. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762504/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Fig. 15A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicel regular in both sexes, retrolateral condyle small but distinct and rounded. Fingers thicker, shorter than hand (without pedicel) in females, same length as hand (without pedicel) in males, and curved slightly prolaterally. Fixed and movable chelal fingers with eight and four trichobothria respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[984,1088,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762504/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" startId="21.[151,250,1979,2003]" targetBox="[172,1415,1307,1955]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1436,1979,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,287,1979,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Digital microscope photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling & Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling & Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[647,945,1979,2003]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalodontum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[647,945,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Gymnobisium megalodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[950,1029,1979,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[950,1029,1979,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
right chela: Female (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1243,1261,1979,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1273,1290,1979,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and Male (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1979,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,169,2015,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[191,209,2015,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[222,246,2015,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Retrolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[441,458,2015,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[471,495,2015,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Terminal multi-toothed structure extends slightly beyond venom tooth of movable finger in females, equidistant with venom tooth in males. In both sexes this structure is small, containing five strongly sclerotized teeth; front tooth significantly larger than the four teeth behind it (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[786,892,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both fingers with rounded, juxtadentate teeth situated on flexible lamellae. Lamellae originating roughly one third finger length from base on both female fingers. Lamella on male fixed finger originating just over one third finger length from base, on movable finger just distal of finger midpoint. Female fixed finger with 36–38 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, eight to nine proximal to lamella base, together with five strongly sclerotized teeth on distal structure. Male fixed finger with 41–43 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, 13–14 proximal to lamella base, together with five strongly sclerotized teeth on distal structure. Female movable finger with 35–36 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, eight to nine proximal to lamella base. Male movable finger with 43–45 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, 17–19 proximal to lamella base. Both sexes possess a distinctly enlarged, lightly sclerotized, tooth situated between the terminal lamellae teeth and the venom tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[307,410,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two thickened, spine-like setae present on distal end of movable finger in both sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" startId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" targetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1910,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,282,1910,1934]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">FIGURE 16</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling & Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling & Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[296,594,1911,1935]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalodontum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[296,594,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Gymnobisium megalodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[601,715,1910,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[601,682,1911,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female right chela, retrolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1107,1130,1911,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Female right pedipalp, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[213,237,1946,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[734,758,1947,1971]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Female left chelicera, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1115,1138,1947,1971]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Galea;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1215,1234,1947,1971]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,309,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Chelicera</emphasis>
|
||
: Hand with five long and acuminate setae,
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,824,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">es</emphasis>
|
||
shorter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[926,1032,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female fixed finger with 12 teeth, male with 11. Female moveable finger with eight teeth, male with six. Galea of both sexes divided into six rami (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rallum of both sexes with eight long, acuminate blades (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[856,956,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,604,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-223@22.[151,1436,597,1887]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Gymnobisium megalodontum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; D. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; E. Galea; F. Rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, D: 0.20 mm; E, F: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762508/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Fig. 16F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lamina exterior absent in both sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,372,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Coxae and legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Pedipalpal coxae same colour, or slightly lighter, than rest of pedipalps. Coxae I–IV cream to tan. Legs I–IV light brown to tan in colour. All legs diplotarsate with subterminal tarsal setae dentate distally; claws simple; arolium shorter than claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,455,366,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Measurements (mm):</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<specimenCount box="[607,628,367,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
1.86–
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[697,775,367,395]" degrees="2.10" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-2.1">2.10 ♂</geoCoordinate>
|
||
1.75–1.80; Carapace
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1019,1040,367,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.58–0.59 x 0.60–0.62 (0.95–0.97)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,230,402,431]" degrees="0.53" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.53">♂ 0.53</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.58 x 0.52–0.56 (1.02–1.03); Chelicera
|
||
<specimenCount box="[712,733,403,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.43–0.45 x 0.22–0.23 (1.95–1.96)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1149,1228,402,431]" degrees="0.35" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.35">♂ 0.35</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.38 x 0.19–0.20 (1.84–1.90), movable finger length
|
||
<specimenCount box="[558,579,439,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.26–
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[652,730,439,467]" degrees="0.28" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.28">0.28 ♂</geoCoordinate>
|
||
0.20–0.22; Pedipalps: femur
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1069,1090,439,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.64–0.66 x 0.18–0.20 (3.30– 3.55)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[219,299,475,503]" degrees="0.60" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.6">♂ 0.60</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.66 x 0.16–0.18 (3.67–3.75), patella
|
||
<specimenCount box="[750,771,475,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.58 x 0.25 (2.32)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1000,1080,474,503]" degrees="0.56" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.56">♂ 0.56</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.57 x 0.21–0.23 (2.48–2.66), chela
|
||
<specimenCount box="[219,240,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
1.22–1.27 x 0.41–0.43 (2.95–2.97)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[650,729,511,539]" degrees="1.12" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-1.12">♂ 1.12</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–1.23 x 0.32–0.37 (3.32–3.50), hand
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1152,1173,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.67–0.69 x 0.41–0.43 (1.60–1.63)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[290,368,547,575]" degrees="0.60" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.6">♂ 0.60</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.67 x 0.32–0.37 (1.81–1.87), movable finger length
|
||
<specimenCount box="[986,1007,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.49–
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1079,1156,546,575]" degrees="0.51" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.51">0.51 ♂</geoCoordinate>
|
||
0.52–0.56; Leg I: femur
|
||
<specimenCount box="[151,172,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.31–0.32 x 0.08–0.09 (3.55–3.87)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[593,672,583,611]" degrees="0.27" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.27">♂ 0.27</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.30 x 0.08 (3.37–3.75), patella
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1063,1084,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.22–0.24 x 0.08–0.09 (2.67– 2.75)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[217,295,619,647]" degrees="0.19" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.19">♂ 0.19</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.22 x 0.08 (2.37–2.75), tibia
|
||
<specimenCount box="[645,666,619,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.26–0.28 x 0.08 (3.25–3.50)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1010,1087,619,647]" degrees="0.22" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.22">♂ 0.22</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.26 x 0.06–0.07 (3.14–3.71), metatarsus
|
||
<specimenCount box="[278,299,655,681]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.15–0.16 x 0.06 (2.50–2.67)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[640,717,654,683]" degrees="0.13" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.13">♂ 0.13</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.15 x 0.06 (2.17–2.50), tarsus
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1081,1102,655,681]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.17–0.19 x 0.05 (3.40–3.80)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,228,691,719]" degrees="0.18" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.18">♂ 0.18</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.20 x 0.06 (3.00–3.33); Leg IV femoropatella
|
||
<specimenCount box="[775,796,691,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.56–0.58 x 0.12–0.14 (4.14–4.67)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1203,1281,690,719]" degrees="0.52" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.52">♂ 0.52</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.57 x 0.12– 0.14 (4.07–4.33), tibia
|
||
<specimenCount box="[414,435,727,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.47–0.49 x 0.08–0.09 (5.44–5.87)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[847,924,726,755]" degrees="0.45" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.45">♂ 0.45</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.50 x 0.07–0.08 (6.25–6.42), metatarsus
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1415,1436,727,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.18–0.19 x 0.07 (2.57–2.71)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[487,564,762,791]" degrees="0.15" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.15">♂ 0.15</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.20 x 0.07 (2.14–2.86), tarsus
|
||
<specimenCount box="[931,952,763,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
0.26–0.28 x 0.06 (4.33–4.67)
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1296,1373,763,791]" degrees="0.22" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="555" value="-0.22">♂ 0.22</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–0.26 x 0.06 (3.67–4.33).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,835,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling & Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling & Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[456,796,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalodontum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[456,796,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Gymnobisium megalodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[814,915,835,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[814,915,835,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[940,1086,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inukshuk">
|
||
<emphasis box="[940,960,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[986,1086,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">inukshuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1947" box="[1111,1332,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octoflagellatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1111,1332,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">G. octoflagellatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling & Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling & Neethling" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionotogladiatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">G. prionotogladiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[369,460,871,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[369,460,871,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
all have an isolated, lightly sclerotized tooth at the posterior base of the venom tooth, those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling & Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling & Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[318,519,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalodontum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[318,338,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[353,519,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">megalodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[526,616,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[526,616,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are significantly larger (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[891,1026,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-414@23.[151,1436,1101,1562]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior retrolateral views of movable chelal fingers showing differences in isolated teeth at base of venom tooth. A. Gymnobisium octoflagellatum Beier, 1947, with small tooth; B. G. megalodontum sp. nov. with enlarged tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762512/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,572,942,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-03-20" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="J. A. Neethling" country="South Africa" elevation="1799" latitude="-28.6" location="Meiringskloof" longLatPrecision="1231" longitude="28.216667" municipality="Fouriesburg" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" specimenCode="NMBAP 00334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Free State">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[583,800,942,968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[583,800,942,968]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[818,937,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[818,937,943,969]" country="South Africa" name="Free State" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Free State</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 1♂,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1009,1147,943,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Fouriesburg</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B50BF660FF1EF91CFCCDFBB0:6646B89CB50FF660FB03FC2EFAFCFC4C" box="[1162,1325,943,969]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.6" longLatPrecision="1231" longitude="28.216667" municipality="Fouriesburg" name="Meiringskloof" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" stateProvince="Free State">Meiringskloof</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1340,1432,944,971]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="925" value="-28.6">28°36′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,244,980,1007]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="925" value="28.216667">28°13′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[255,393,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.799" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="1799.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[255,333,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.799" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="1799.0">1799m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[405,505,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Montane</collectorName>
|
||
bush,
|
||
<collectorName box="[578,629,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Leaf</collectorName>
|
||
litter sifting, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[829,994,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">J.A. Neethling</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1005,1131,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" value="2017-03-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1005,1131,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" value="2017-03-20">20.III.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1145,1327,979,1005]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">NMBAP 00334</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1346,1380,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-03-14" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="J. A. Neethling" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" elevation="1967" latitude="-28.266666" location="Platberg Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="29.183332" municipality="Harrismith" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" specimenCode="NMBAP 00335" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Free State">
|
||
6♂, 3
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[171,318,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Tritonymphs</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[329,453,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Harrismith</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B50BF660FF1EF91CFCCDFBB0:6646B89CB50FF660FE46FC76FD33FB94" box="[463,738,1015,1041]" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" latitude="-28.266666" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="29.183332" municipality="Harrismith" name="Platberg Nature Reserve" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" stateProvince="Free State">Platberg Nature Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[749,840,1016,1043]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="925" value="-28.266666">28°16′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[852,943,1016,1043]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" precision="925" value="29.183332">29°11′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[955,1093,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9669999999999999" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="1967.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[955,1033,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9669999999999999" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="1967.0">1967m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1105,1205,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Montane</collectorName>
|
||
bushveld,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1325,1376,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Leaf</collectorName>
|
||
litter sifting, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[285,450,1051,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">J.A. Neethling</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[462,588,1051,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" value="2012-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[462,588,1051,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" value="2012-03-14">14.III.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[602,784,1050,1077]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">NMBAP 00335</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |