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<mods:title id="64A0CACEFCAEECD437373FF5AFBA941E">The genus Errastunus in the Nearctic region (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B25A1F9BE1187C4166DAAC5742B78DC">Kits, Joel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06074DE15198FC166151F31358A0F3FF">Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BCA54F312C47524F2488131A702D224" type="email">joel.kits@agr.gc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSection id="A74FC0E01B1DDB82896D403DCC926B83" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="results">
<treatment id="B49D5EDF0AA2535CBEDEC40E47FE6BD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B49D5EDF0AA2535CBEDEC40E47FE6BD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B49D5EDF0AA2535CBEDEC40E47FE6BD5" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<subSubSection id="69202D7F217B98AD5B8D6CDEBE37001F" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E8332C6968F3A4955D06B876299FA340" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="B5E58F4A59E1512C13F7DA4801B10BAD" ID-CoL="9GCYJ" LSID="B49D5EDF-0AA2-535C-BEDE-C40E47FE6BD5" authority="(DeLong &amp; Sleesman)" baseAuthorityName="DeLong &amp; Sleesman" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Errastunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errastunus sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Errastunus sobrinus (DeLong &amp; Sleesman)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1921DA180C6ABE18C4038AE04194E2AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="description">
<paragraph id="1710EE1A7587547A1AFE74B3481D0A33" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<figureCitation id="7CF429F15EFA4CCA85D2ACC7DF1E2CD2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Errastunus dorsal habitus A-F Errastunus ocellaris A CNC 1317086 (Chatterton, ON) B CNC 1317151 (Igls, Austria, 900 m) C CNC 1317160 (Oxford, England) D CNC 1317521 (Obergurgl, Austria, 1950 m) E CNC 1317524 (Obergurgl, Austria, 1950 m) F CNC 1615789 (Richardson Mtns, YT, note the extended abdomen is an artifact of preservation) G, H Errastunus sobrinus G CNC # HEM 403281 (Parc de la Gaspesie, QC) H CNC 1317427 (Elkwater Park, AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1178.105566.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/901458" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Figs 1G, H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="915EA93AC9CDB395600B665702D1763F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Errastunus sobrinus, male genitalia A-C pygofer, lateral D-F aedeagus, lateral G-I connective and styles, dorsal A, D, G CNC 1317444 (Atlin, BC) B, E, H CNC 1317472 (Waskaganish, QC) C, F, I CNC 1317518 (Waterton Lakes, AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1178.105566.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/901460" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">; 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="26C21EFB51C6C88AA2C5671A2CECCCED" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Errastunus sobrinus, female genitalia A genital capsule, ventral B first valvula C second valvula D, E sternite 7, ventral A-D CNC 1317465 (Waskaganish, QC) E CNC 1317360 (La Plata Co., CO) F CNC 1317260 (Whitefox, SK) G CNC 1317270 (Rycroft, AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1178.105566.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/901462" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9578EBFBC76C5CB6BF4E4BBA51B2E0FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D4A70983434522A8A66D7E46605E4210" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="3C83619CA564D894A6A6382476F98CCC" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Latalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latalus ocellaris subsp. var. var. sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="ocellaris" subSpecies="var." variety="sobrinus">Latalus ocellaris var. sobrinus</taxonomicName>
DeLong &amp; Sleesman, 1929: 100. Type locality: Slave Lake, AB, Canada.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DAB65FB35F7CD00BE8BF153C8EAC195" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="8B0F01C6FBFBE075992DDF62D339C50F" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Deltocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocephalus sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Deltocephalus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
(DeLong &amp; Sleesman) -
<bibRefCitation id="58E62B2AE74E0669C000773651D1213C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent64152-7" author="Walley, GS" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="152 - 155" refId="B47" refString="Walley, GS, 1932. A second report on Hemiptera from the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Entomologist 64 (7): 152 - 155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent64152-7" title="A second report on Hemiptera from the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent64152-7" volume="64" year="1932">Walley 1932</bibRefCitation>
(revised status, comb. nov.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06CD374A8DB8D143277AD93694A6DF6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="ADCCC66E2729523807CDA867830183AD" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Errastunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errastunus sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Errastunus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
(DeLong &amp; Sleesman) -
<bibRefCitation id="5A867448971E6D60D2036817388AB63C" author="Oman, PW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Society of Washington, Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="B37" refString="Oman, PW, 1949. The Nearctic Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae): a Generic Classification and Check List. Entomological Society of Washington, Washington" title="The Nearctic Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae): a Generic Classification and Check List." year="1949">Oman 1949</bibRefCitation>
(comb. nov.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="312D2A812D5614479A9B5B85D4DE67AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E592E019D25835EB2025F9977984528A" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Errastunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errastunus ocellaris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellaris">Errastunus ocellaris</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="212B711F4B3757B845F7EC8BEAFE9E14" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Errastunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errastunus ocellaris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellaris">Errastunus ocellaris</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="447C5846C34008A27ED9007DB9481EBD" originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
) -
<bibRefCitation id="D656222F6CC07D6CEC4779B1F80FA75D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm8802fv" author="Beirne, BP" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="B1" refString="Beirne, BP, 1956. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Canada and Alaska. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 88(S2): 5-180. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm8802fv" title="Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Canada and Alaska. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 88 (S 2): 5 - 180." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm8802fv" year="1956">Beirne 1956</bibRefCitation>
(syn. nov.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D45D2F6F94ACB7A3038C5BFDF4B8251A" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="67D224747DD03FD68B5DEA6F2EB30698" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Sleesman" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Latalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latalus sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Latalus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
(DeLong &amp; Sleesman) -
<bibRefCitation id="6BE9758A63144561B699120F5489E4F3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent115473-5" author="Hamilton, KGA" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="473 - 511" refId="B19" refString="Hamilton, KGA, 1983. Introduced and native leafhoppers common to the Old and New Worlds (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Canadian Entomologist 115 (5): 473 - 511, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent115473-5" title="Introduced and native leafhoppers common to the Old and New Worlds (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cicadellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent115473-5" volume="115" year="1983">Hamilton 1983</bibRefCitation>
(restored status and comb.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46C67C091832B288594B42E9F9C9B453" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="477513581B0615E8D80DAACD11B2B2AB" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Sleesman" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Latalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latalus (Adarrus) sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus" subGenus="Adarrus">Latalus (Adarrus) sobrinus</taxonomicName>
(DeLong &amp; Sleesman) -
<bibRefCitation id="58E2E8BB3609A024DD7EEFF3721D71C3" author="Hamilton, KGA" editor="Danks, HV" journalOrPublisher="Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="337 - 375" refId="B20" refString="Hamilton, KGA, 1997. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the Yukon: dispersal and endemism. In: Danks, HV, Downes, JA, Eds., Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa: 337 - 375" title="Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the Yukon: dispersal and endemism." volumeTitle="Insects of the Yukon." year="1997">Hamilton 1997</bibRefCitation>
(comb. nov.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F811B653A95D0A374A4AE4295B45867" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="type material">
<paragraph id="00A347414A258DB1AEEE03064659F127" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3FD8E824B70DFC5D09E966325FB5DCB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
This species was described from six syntypes from Alberta and an unknown number of syntypes from New York, all females. I was only able to locate two of these, one (labelled as
<normalizedToken id="89CC557CCEF3F20EE347E9B49E83E769" originalValue="“holotype”">&quot;holotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
) in OSUC and one (labelled as
<normalizedToken id="D6CDAB94BCDBDC750646D0C33FD1B21F" originalValue="“paratype”">&quot;paratype&quot;</normalizedToken>
) in INHS. There are three specimens in the USNM collected between 1904-1908 in New York; DeLong and Sleesman cite other specimens from USNM in their paper which suggests they could have seen these, but they did not label the specimens or cite specific details so it is not clear if these are syntypes or not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20C6B368734D4DF726A5421208B2937F" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
In order to clarify the application of the name, the specimen in OSUC (OSUC 169881) is here designated lectotype. The labels on this specimen (individual labels separated by /) read: &quot;Slave L., Alta., Aug. 15, 1924, O. Bryant / Grizzly Mt., 3000 ft. / Holotype [red label, handwritten] /
<taxonomicName id="8D0461DEEEC5D767823B2C4428BA260B" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Latalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latalus ocellaris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellaris">Latalus ocellaris</taxonomicName>
var
<taxonomicName id="ED59A7269F6BC83C64F1913AF05D838C" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Latalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latalus ocellaris var. sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="ocellaris" variety="sobrinus">Latalus ocellaris sobrinus</taxonomicName>
DeL+S / HOLOTYPE,
<taxonomicName id="485CA901B2F79F449EB1DF8D287C4355" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Errastunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errastunus sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Errastunus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
[red label] / D.M.DeLong Collection /
<taxonomicName id="A7760BBE11CAFC253E3AEE81311BE655" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Errastunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errastunus sobrinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Errastunus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
(DeL.+S.)&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB7B929902382CFB6E47342F28B5B2B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">The specimen in INHS (INHS Insect Collection 679931), collected at Slave Lake on Aug 14, and any other former syntypes thus become paralectotypes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C02B164B1269C17E4D13BC2AFFF3FF18" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="307213819807DC02C1E5C135E30CA6FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0C511A7C9572C66613A22979F98A012" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<specimenCount id="18292CC5F67D8468B8679683A8FDDA81" type="generic">283 specimens</specimenCount>
(see Supplementary material)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4767858B7AC044226F440FC6B028CAB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4291E06B7B64002EEFB8AAE520866BE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="654FE2F89A5279DD8B899DA47FCF7DB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
Endemic to the Nearctic region, where it has a boreo-montane distribution. Occurs across most of Canada, from Labrador and Nova Scotia in the east to Alaska and British Columbia in the west, and south in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. Although this species was recorded from Yukon by
<bibRefCitation id="98DA762906AFB1D39E05ED650F75D9FC" author="Hamilton, KGA" editor="Danks, HV" journalOrPublisher="Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="337 - 375" refId="B20" refString="Hamilton, KGA, 1997. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the Yukon: dispersal and endemism. In: Danks, HV, Downes, JA, Eds., Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa: 337 - 375" title="Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the Yukon: dispersal and endemism." volumeTitle="Insects of the Yukon." year="1997">Hamilton (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, and likely occurs there based on occurrence in Alaska and British Columbia, all examined
<taxonomicName id="5FE739C41B35315D05E0359FF7696741" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Errastunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errastunus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7191F3E0E089AA71B02447DC757CA844" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Errastunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from that territory were
<taxonomicName id="AE112CB1E37DB4E39968F2E47CBE863C" lsidName="E. ocellaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="ocellaris">
<emphasis id="6B1EB48B6682C5637958BE7A17064AE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. ocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the east, the southernmost occurrences appear to be associated with higher elevations, with records from the Laurentian, Chic-Choc, Adirondack and White Mountains and the Cape Breton highlands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13A2D6D89FA2EBE1C52889093EDA7297" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="host">
<paragraph id="3813E63DC32B18064DEA8A7345803405" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D83BFAF55CDD978C38E5991444D6851" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">None of the examined specimens had specific host plants recorded. Unpublished collecting notes from K.G.A. Hamilton suggest this species is associated with grasses in wooded habitats.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30858FB6403D572858C72BCC838B21A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="885963E5E0F9618D11CA7DE85378E9D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6034A64165AAE59C34DB46B5266C0B4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
The combination of morphological, molecular, and distribution data strongly supports the validity of
<taxonomicName id="9C9B2888C721934067509A06EEDA934A" lsidName="E. sobrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="sobrinus">
<emphasis id="F2353232CE9289FAC62C7C819BB089AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. sobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species. Morphological differentiation is moderate, but comparable in degree to that found between species in other genera of
<taxonomicName id="3EE131F72B7ED8ED35F33F439EBCF1EF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
. The consistent difference in pygofer shape, along with weaker differences in other male genitalic characters, female characters, and external colour all support this interpretation, while the degree of divergence observed between the two clusters of COI sequences is higher than that seen in many morphologically distinct leafhopper species (unpublished data). The generally distinct distributions, with some overlap, also support this variation as specific rather than random variation within a species or geographic differentiation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D129310E216BE3F6F60D503FEDCA3304" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
The occurrence of some specimens that morphologically appear to belong to
<taxonomicName id="E3508BB45011310C589F81CC61F80545" lsidName="E. sobrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="sobrinus">
<emphasis id="A19246E900B899F1EB49D2993EF6D212" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. sobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but have COI sequences falling in the
<taxonomicName id="C0636F0F6D184D3EA23A2AC253494E09" lsidName="E. ocellaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="ocellaris">
<emphasis id="DE60D9462A6DFEE8FE98D085451D4A32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. ocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster suggests there has been historic introgression between these species. There is no indication that these specimens are first generation hybrids, as morphologically they appear typical of
<taxonomicName id="3BB39328BED6EC74584EC32C70B84CBF" lsidName="E. sobrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="sobrinus">
<emphasis id="70231D325214950202ECED991290A796" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. sobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All of these specimens were collected within the range of
<taxonomicName id="582B0C34A8301E8F5A25D328AC3E7114" lsidName="E. sobrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="sobrinus">
<emphasis id="78ED15994D36278279C3F99D556C18BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. sobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and outside the known current range of
<taxonomicName id="239C5206AAD1AA408DFE7F98FC8FBBE9" lsidName="E. ocellaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="ocellaris">
<emphasis id="7F596BCA22653DA9CDCC5C9EC91B5600" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. ocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The sequences of these apparent introgressed individuals fall within the cluster of sequences that includes northwestern North American specimens, suggesting this population is the source of these introgressed haplotypes. The most likely scenario appears to be historic introgression between these northwestern
<taxonomicName id="F95FF7AABC5C0BE8734AE8DA9ADF8A4B" lsidName="E. ocellaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="ocellaris">
<emphasis id="9FEA4ED0CB23E759FFE0595AECE25645" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. ocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="19E793EF78928D7E59E6CA75EDB3097A" lsidName="E. sobrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="sobrinus">
<emphasis id="736063BD32CE82B858FD70B8C7688CD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. sobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in an area of overlap, with some haplotypes being retained within populations of
<taxonomicName id="17645AFFB079F76FBE54DBCCA0A5D3ED" lsidName="E. sobrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="sobrinus">
<emphasis id="2A174700F28BFAD3A141663537413010" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">E. sobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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