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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c4802ba-4c6b-47d2-9cb7-2aacb9f5c218" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" ID-ZooBank="9E52FBF7700E4FC3A62E0334CE3DE926" ModsDocID="1860-1324-70-1-175" checkinTime="1683131457736" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aspoeck, Horst &amp; Aspoeck, Ulrike" docDate="2023" docId="86522D12A8A75E0FAA963FE39BDFF4E6" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 70(1): 175-218" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559" docTitle="Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" masterDocTitle="The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1683132186139" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-3566</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria &amp; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4FPQ7" LSID="86522D12-A8A7-5E0F-AA96-3FE39BDFF4E6" authority="(H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammi" subGenus="Magnoraphidia">
Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi (H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspock &amp; U. Aspock" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia (Magnoraphidia) flammi" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammi" subGenus="Magnoraphidia">Raphidia (Magnoraphidia) flammi</taxonomicName>
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
, 1973 (odescr): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammi" subGenus="Magnoraphidia">Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi</taxonomicName>
(H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
, 1973): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="67 - 111" refId="B43" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1989. The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 15: 67 - 111" title="The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis." volume="15" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr, distr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon); 
<bibRefCitation author="Popov, A" editor="Canard, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Bagneres-de-Luchon, Haute-Garonne (France), 24 - 27 June 1991. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera)" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 330" refId="B165" refString="Popov, A, 1992. Zoogeographical analysis of Neuropteroidea (Insecta) of the Balkan Peninsula. In: Canard, M, Aspoeck, H, Mansell, MW, Eds., Current Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Bagneres-de-Luchon, Haute-Garonne (France), 24-27 June 1991. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera): 319 - 330" title="Zoogeographical analysis of Neuropteroidea (Insecta) of the Balkan Peninsula." volumeTitle="Current Research in Neuropterology." year="1992">Popov 1992</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Canard, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera). Cairo, Egypt, 2 - 7 May 1994" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="31 - 86" refId="B37" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, 1996. The Neuropteroidea of North Africa, Mediterranean Asia and of Europe: a comparative review (Insecta). In: Canard, M, Aspoeck, H, Mansell, MW, Eds., Pure and Applied Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera). Cairo, Egypt, 2-7 May 1994: 31 - 86" title="The Neuropteroidea of North Africa, Mediterranean Asia and of Europe: a comparative review (Insecta)." volumeTitle="Pure and Applied Research in Neuropterology." year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hölzel">Hoelzel</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
(distr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 606" refId="B47" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, Aspoeck, U, 2001. Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis. Denisia 02: 1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="02" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
(anncat); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="101 - 260" refId="B14" refString="Aspoeck, H, 2012. Ulrike Aspoeck zum 70. Geburtstag: Ein wissenschaftshistorischer Blumenstrauss. Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 19: 101 - 260" title="Ulrike Aspoeck zum 70. Geburtstag: Ein wissenschaftshistorischer Blumenstrauss." volume="19" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
(cat); 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 155" refId="B32" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2013. Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 9 - 155" title="Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera)." volume="20" year="2013">
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
(cat, etymol), 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
(cat).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="taxonomy">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Taxonomy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. (1991)
</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) flammi" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammi" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) flammi</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, larva. Italy, Calabria, Sila Grande. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♀. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica, ♂. Cyprus, Troodos Mountain. Foto: H. Aspoeck; e. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, ♂. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major; ♀. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; g. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, larva. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi, larva. Greece, Pilion. Foto: H. Bruckner." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845501" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">3h</figureCitation>
) forms together with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) horticola" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horticola" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) horticola</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) robusta" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) robusta</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) wewalkai" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wewalkai" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) wewalkai</taxonomicName>
a group of closely related species within the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">major</emphasis>
complex. These species can be differentiated only by characters of the genitalia, which is usually an easy task. However, on the island of Euboea where two of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
species - 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) flammi" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammi" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) flammi</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) wewalkai" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wewalkai" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) wewalkai</taxonomicName>
- occur in a small area around the village of Seta in the Dirphys mountains intermediate individuals between 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. flammi" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Ph. flammi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. wewalkai" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wewalkai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Ph. wewalkai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found, which we interpret as hybrids between the two species. On all other places on Euboea as well as on the continent the populations are homogenous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Larvae (probably exclusively) corticolous on a great variety of deciduous trees and conifers in altitudes of 100 m (Skopelos) to 1100 m (Euboea). Development two to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
(or more) years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: V-VI.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="records on mediterranean islands">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Records on Mediterranean islands</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. a. Records of Ornatoraphidia christianodagmara, Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, Ph. (M.) flammi, Ph. (Pontoraphidia) setulosa aegea, and of Ph. (Superboraphidia) minois, on Mediterranean islands; b. Records of Phaeostigma (Grecoraphidia) divina retsinata, and of species of Aegeoraphidia, Ph. (Aegeoraphidia) raddai, Ph. (Ae.) prophetica, Ph. (Ae.) karpathana, and of Ph. (Ae.) biroi, on Mediterranean islands." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845507" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9a</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Skopelos, Euboea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Continental distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Confined to a small part of Greece (Sterea Ellas: Othrys, Pilion mountains).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biogeography">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biogeography.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Extremely stationary, monocentric Balkanopontomediterranean faunal element with several isolated populations confined to single mountain ranges.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>