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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3ab2700-b888-4721-b7c1-fcb2d0bb38b2" ID-PMC="PMC8233300" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1045-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" ID-PubMed="34228772" ID-ZooBank="2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1045-1" checkinTime="1624048151249" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. &amp; Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2021" docId="2B870C4118EE4448ACC5E3B17FD4EB32" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1045: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1045" docPubDate="2021-06-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" docTitle="Ephydrolithus Giron &amp; Short 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" masterDocTitle="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150528805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA &amp; Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-06-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1045</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>236</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1045-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182959280" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B870C4118EE4448ACC5E3B17FD4EB32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B870C4118EE4448ACC5E3B17FD4EB32" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Giron &amp; Short, 2019" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Ephydrolithus
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2019
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of the Acidocerinae simplified from Short et al. (2021), indicating the distribution, preferred habitat, and currently described number of species for each genus. For habitat, filled black circles indicate that at least some species of the genus are commonly found in this habitat; light grey circles indicate the genus has been found in this habitat, but is rare or not typical for the group; white circles indicate no species have been recorded for the genus in this habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, Globulosis, Helobata, Helochares, Helopeltarium, Katasophistes, and Nanosaphes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Aedeagi of Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, and Globulosis spp. A C. ouboteri B C. toboganensis C C. sinuatus D C. vanessae E C. queneyi F E. teli G E. spiculatus H E. ogmos I E. minor J G. flavus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 30F-I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 31</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ephydrolithus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2019: 122.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gender">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gender.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Masculine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus hamadae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamadae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus hamadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2019: 130; by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Small beetles, body length 1.8-3.3 mm. Body shape oval in dorsal view, moderate to strongly convex in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31</figureCitation>
); with ground punctation usually moderately marked. Color yellowish brown to dark brown, usually uniform across body regions (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31</figureCitation>
). Shape of head trapezoid. Eyes relatively small, at most only slightly emarginated anteriorly, usually moderately projected from outline of head. Clypeus trapezoid, with anterior margin from broadly to only slightly emarginate. Labrum fully exposed. Mentum with strong median anterior depression sometimes limited by low transverse carina; surface of mentum mostly smooth and undulated. Antennae with nine antennomeres; cupule slightly asymmetric, with rounded outline. Maxillary palps short, nearly 2/3 width of head, and stout (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31C</figureCitation>
); inner margin of maxillary palpomere 2 nearly straight, outer margin strongly curved along apical half. Elytra without sutural striae, and only rarely with impressed striae; ground punctures moderate to sharply marked, uniformly and rather densely distributed; systematic punctures slightly larger and deeper than remainder punctures; serial punctures usually not clearly differentiated; outer margins of elytra only slightly flared (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31A, D</figureCitation>
). Prosternum flat, sometimes only slightly elevated along longitudinal midline (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31C</figureCitation>
). Posterior elevation of mesoventrite either with transverse ridge, or with well-developed tooth that extends anteriorly as longitudinal carina; anapleural sutures concave, separated at anterior margin by distance nearly 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite densely pubescent, except for large median teardrop-shaped glabrous patch (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31C, F</figureCitation>
); anteromedian area of metaventrite with a deep and narrow transverse depression before anterior intercoxal process. Protibiae with spines of anterior row hair-like, semi erect, relatively long and thick (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31C</figureCitation>
). All tarsomeres bearing long apical hair-like setae on dorsal face, and two lateral rows of hair-like spines on ventral face of tarsomeres 2-4. Posterior femora mostly glabrous, with few scattered setae along basal half to basal 2/3, with hydrofuge pubescence along anterodorsal margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Habitus of Ephydrolithus spp. A-C E. hamadae: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F E. ogmos: D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31C, F</figureCitation>
); tibial grooves well-developed, sometimes covered by hydrofuge pubescence. Fifth abdominal ventrite apically truncate, with stout setae. Aedeagus trilobed (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Aedeagi of Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, and Globulosis spp. A C. ouboteri B C. toboganensis C C. sinuatus D C. vanessae E C. queneyi F E. teli G E. spiculatus H E. ogmos I E. minor J G. flavus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30F-I</figureCitation>
), with outer margins convex, straight or sinuate, with basal piece 0.45-0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of parameres; median lobe somewhat triangular in shape, with well-developed lateral basal apodemes; apex of median lobe widely to narrowly acute, sometimes
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pinched”">&quot;pinched&quot;</normalizedToken>
; parameres nearly as long as median lobe; well-developed gonopore, preapically situated.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 31" startId="F31">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 31.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. hamadae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hamadae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. hamadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
dorsal habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
ventral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ogmos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ogmos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. ogmos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
dorsal habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from most Neotropical acidocerines by their mostly glabrous metafemora. From other genera exhibiting the same condition, such as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Quadriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quadriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quadriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.705.19815" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 141" refId="B130" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2017. Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Quadriops Hansen, 1999 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 705: 115 - 141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.705.19815" title="Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Quadriops Hansen, 1999 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.705.19815" volume="705" year="2017">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short 2017
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the entire (as opposed to divided; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11C</figureCitation>
) eyes; from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Short &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tobochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.669.11773" author="Kohlenberg, AT" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 146" refId="B191" refString="Kohlenberg, AT, Short, AEZ, 2017. Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Tobochares Short &amp; Garcia, 2007 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 669: 113 - 146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.669.11773" title="Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Tobochares Short &amp; Garcia, 2007 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.669.11773" volume="669" year="2017">Kohlenberg and Short 2017</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated by the number of antennomeres (nine in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, eight in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Short &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tobochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotropical</emphasis>
: Brazil (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
, Minas Gerais); Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, Globulosis, Helobata, Helochares, Helopeltarium, Katasophistes, and Nanosaphes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
All known species are exclusively associated with rock seepages (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Examples of seepage habitat for Acidocerinae A, B marginal seepage along river (Guyana: GY 14 - 0312 - 01 B) C, D isolated seep on granite inselberg (Venezuela: VZ 10 - 0710 - 01 A) E, F hygropetric zone next to waterfall (Venezuela: VZ 12 - 0122 - 03 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557408" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 154" refId="B132" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2019. Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 855: 109 - 154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" title="Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" volume="855" year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larvae">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larvae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immature stages are not known for the genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was only recently described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In the etymology section of the original publication,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 154" refId="B132" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2019. Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 855: 109 - 154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" title="Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" volume="855" year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
indicate that the genus name is neuter, which is erroneous. The name is masculine, which is the gender for the Greek word
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lithos</emphasis>
, the last component of the genus name. Four species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described until now, all of them from southeastern Brazil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotypes and paratypes of all known species were examined for this study. We have also seen specimens of additional undescribed species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="selected references">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected references.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 158" refId="B131" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2018. Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 768: 113 - 158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" title="Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" volume="768" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: original description of the genus and all its known species;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
: phylogenetic placement.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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