333 lines
36 KiB
XML
333 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="CF81E08B78C6C125C11D4CB3DB96D6DD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1941.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231015" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629573861311" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Prieto, Carlos, Bálint, Zsolt, Boyer, Pierre & Micó, Estefanía" docDate="2008" docId="18028E68FFA0AA556296BD27FB0AFB5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01941p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1941 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1941.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Penaincisalia regala Robbins 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="E43BF610FFB2AA466201BB28FF9BFFC7" masterDocTitle="A review of the “ browni group ” of Penaincisalia with notes on their distribution and variability (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699078074565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="00E613CDE8236F0FE9C52998E7EE504D">A review of the “ browni group ” of Penaincisalia with notes on their distribution and variability (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B570E0C5A79566B75D5C72D40D66B6F">Prieto, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA04DFF9634C0134B22275860E7EFC73">Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Espa a. E-mail: cprieto 5000 @ yahoo. com. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Departament of Zoology, Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: balint @ nhmus. hu. Aix en Provence (France). E-mail: pierdom @ tiscali. fr. Grupo de Estudios en Geolog a, Ecolog a y Conservaci n (GECO), Universidad del Cauca, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="05BA37E9C531286D00BC4F53F664F871">Bálint, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EDF8C1F359428A67745589465E9782F">Boyer, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E7304D90BE48CFE127F2A74A1E968ECB">Micó, Estefanía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93EA0048BE197561C3685C03DEF8B0D5">Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Espa a. E-mail: cprieto 5000 @ yahoo. com. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Departament of Zoology, Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: balint @ nhmus. hu. Aix en Provence (France). E-mail: pierdom @ tiscali. fr. Grupo de Estudios en Geolog a, Ecolog a y Conservaci n (GECO), Universidad del Cauca, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BD7E58298FA53C1C6074C54C7BC6FA18">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9450D91A2BB7D8A00D3BF919A66DFEE8">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FDD2CB2333B8D154B4729F3048E542EA">1941</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="EFF16EBC841A2DFDB9706ECAF2BA8CE6">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1941.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="18028E68FFA0AA556296BD27FB0AFB5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18028E68FFA0AA556296BD27FB0AFB5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18028E68FFA0AA556296BD27FB0AFB5D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="D8B16CF5FFA0AA546296BD27FC38F9EE" box="[151,931,1551,1577]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA546296BD27FD68F9EE" authority="(Le Crom & Johnson, 1997)" authorityName="Robbins" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[151,755,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
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<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA546296BD27FE14F9EE" bold="true" box="[151,399,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Penaincisalia regala</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F43A428FFFA0AA54639EBD27FD70F9EE" author="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K." box="[415,747,1551,1577]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref12455" refString="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K. (1997) Additional new species and records of elfin butterflies from Colombia (Lycaenidae). Revista de Theclinae colombianos, 1 (7), ii, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1997">Le Crom & Johnson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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)
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revised status
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D8B16CF5FFA0AA546296BD1AFE2AF98B" box="[151,433,1586,1612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA0AA546296BD1AFE2AF98B" blockId="18.[151,931,1551,1612]" box="[151,433,1586,1612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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(
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<figureCitation id="089023FBFFA0AA54629EBD1AFEBDF98B" box="[159,294,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1620,1644]" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. Adults of the “browni group”; 2, P. browni ♂ (western chain, Colombia); 3, P. browni ♂ (central chain, Colombia); 4, P. browni ♂ (Carchi, Ecuador); 5, P. browni ♀ (Carchi, Ecuador); 6, P. saraha ♂ (central chain, Colombia); 7, P. saraha ♂ (Napo, Ecuador); 8, P. saraha ♂ (Tungurahua, Ecuador); 9, P. saraha ♀ (Tungurahua, Ecuador); 10, P. caeruleonota ♂ (Loja, Ecuador); 11, P. caeruleonota ♂ (Azuay, Ecuador); 12, P. caeruleonota ♂ (Azuay, Ecuador); 13, P. caeruleonota ♀; 14, P. purpurea ♂ (Loja, Ecuador); 15, P. purpurea ♀ (Peru, Holotype of T. amazona); 16, P. purpurea ♂ (Cusco, Peru); 17, Pons purpurea ♀ (Junin, Peru); 18, P. magnifica ♂ (western chain, Colombia); 19, P. magnifica ♀ (central chain, Colombia); 20, P.cuiva ♂ (Antioquia, Colombia); 21, P.cuiva ♀ (Antioquia, Colombia); 22, P. regala ♂ (Cundinamarca, Colombia); 23, P. regala ♀ (Cundinamarca, Colombia); 24, P. vittata ♂ (Pichincha, Ecuador); 25, P. vittata ♀ (Tungurahua, Ecuador)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="089023FBFFA0AA546333BD1AFEC9F98B" box="[306,338,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–33" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[251,1334,1285,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-454@7.[248,1339,1277,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–33. Androconial clusters of the “browni group”. 26, P. browni; 27, P. saraha; 28, P. caeruleonota; 29, P. purpurea (Ecuador); 30, P. magnifica; 31, P.cuiva; 32, P.regala; 33. P. vittata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231021/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">32</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="089023FBFFA0AA54635FBD1AFEE5F98B" box="[350,382,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–43" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,680,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-258@9.[194,1392,674,1916]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 34–43. Left valva in lateral view. 34, P. browni; 35, P. saraha; 36, P. caeruleonota (Loja, Ecuador) indicating the ventral keel; 37, P. caeruleonota (“Volcan Cabogana”, Ecuador); 38, P. vittata; 39, P.regala; 40, P. purpurea (Ecuador); 41, P. purpurea (Perú); 42, P.cuiva; 43, P. magnifica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">39</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="089023FBFFA0AA54638BBD1AFE32F98B" box="[394,425,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-134@16.[151,1436,397,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 54. Distribution of P.regala and P. vittata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231035/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">54</figureCitation>
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="110A196FFFA0AA546296BDAAFDCFF95E" author="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K." box="[151,596,1666,1689]" page="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1997">
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<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA546296BDAAFDCFF95E" authority="Le Crom & Johnson, 1997: 1" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,596,1666,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
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<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA546296BDAAFE8CF95E" box="[151,279,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pons regala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F43A428FFFA0AA54631FBDAAFDCFF95E" author="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K." box="[286,596,1666,1689]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref12455" refString="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K. (1997) Additional new species and records of elfin butterflies from Colombia (Lycaenidae). Revista de Theclinae colombianos, 1 (7), ii, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1997">Le Crom & Johnson, 1997: 1</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1A, 1B; Plate VI A, VI B.
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<treatmentCitation id="110A196FFFA0AA546296BD8AFC1FF97E" author="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K." box="[151,900,1698,1721]" page="121" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2004">
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<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA546296BD8AFC1FF97E" authority="(Le Crom & Johnson, 1997) Robbins, 2004: 121" authorityName="Robbins" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[151,900,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
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<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA546296BD8AFEEEF97E" box="[151,373,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Penaincisalia regala</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F43A428FFFA0AA546382BD8AFD3AF97E" author="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K." box="[387,673,1698,1721]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref12455" refString="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K. (1997) Additional new species and records of elfin butterflies from Colombia (Lycaenidae). Revista de Theclinae colombianos, 1 (7), ii, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1997">Le Crom & Johnson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="F43A428FFFA0AA5460AEBD8AFC1FF97E" author="Robbins, R. K." box="[687,900,1698,1721]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 137" refId="ref12624" refString="Robbins, R. K. (2004) Checklist of Eumaeini. 98. Lycaenidae Theclinae, Eumaeini. 118 - 137 pp. In: Lamas, G., Checklist of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A. Hesperoidea- Papilionoidea .. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. J. Heppner (series Ed.) Scientific publishers, Gansville 439 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">Robbins, 2004: 121</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D8B16CF5FFA0AA546296BDC2FAE6F833" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA0AA546296BDC2FD61F8EB" blockId="18.[151,1436,1770,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<materialsCitation id="20C33523FFA0AA546296BDC2FD61F8EB" collectionCode="FSCA" collectorName="El Tablazo & Leg. J. F. Le Crom." country="Colombia" elevation="3450" location="Subachoque" municipality="El Tablazo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type material “
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<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA546355BDC3FE7EF8C3" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityYear="1997" box="[340,485,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
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<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA546355BDC3FE7EF8C3" box="[340,485,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pons regala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”:
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<typeStatus id="4F1081DCFFA0AA546004BDC2FDE9F8C3" box="[517,626,1770,1796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male, deposited in
|
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<collectionCode id="F6BAA7BBFFA0AA546167BDC2FC28F8C3" box="[870,947,1770,1796]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="E8BC7FEEFFA0AA5461C3BDC2FBF8F8C3" box="[962,1123,1770,1796]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="7070A504FFA0AA546673BDC2FB6DF8C3" box="[1138,1270,1770,1796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">El Tablazo</collectingMunicipality>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<location id="957469A5FFA0AA546704BDC2FA0CF8C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18028E68FFA0AA556296BD27FB0AFB5D:957469A5FFA0AA546704BDC2FA0CF8C3" box="[1285,1431,1770,1796]" country="Colombia" municipality="El Tablazo" name="Subachoque" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Subachoque</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="526FF19CFFA0AA546296BC3AFEDEF8EB" box="[151,325,1810,1836]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
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,
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<quantity id="5753929BFFA0AA546351BC3AFE3EF8EB" box="[336,421,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="3450.0">
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</quantity>
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, 6.III.94,
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<collectorName id="3D5E5AA8FFA0AA546017BC3AFD61F8EB" box="[534,762,1810,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Leg. J. F. Le Crom.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA0AA5462C7BC12FAE6F833" blockId="18.[151,1436,1770,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA5462C7BC12FE21F893" bold="true" box="[198,442,1850,1876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taxonomic history:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA5463C5BC13FDB5F893" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityYear="1997" box="[452,558,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA5463C5BC13FDB5F893" box="[452,558,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. regala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F43A428FFFA0AA54610EBC12FBC0F893" author="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K." box="[783,1115,1850,1876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref12455" refString="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K. (1997) Additional new species and records of elfin butterflies from Colombia (Lycaenidae). Revista de Theclinae colombianos, 1 (7), ii, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1997">Le Crom & Johnson (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of
|
||
<specimenCount id="86ADF4F7FFA0AA54671EBC12FA07F893" box="[1311,1436,1850,1876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">eight male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens and a female, all from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8BC7FEEFFA0AA54601CBC4AFD0EF8BB" box="[541,661,1890,1916]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F43A428FFFA0AA54609EBC4AFC4FF8BB" author="Balint, Zs. & Wojtusiak, J." box="[671,980,1890,1916]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="373 - 387" refId="ref11956" refString="Balint, Zs. & Wojtusiak, J. (2001) The genus Pons Johnson, 1992 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini). Genus, 12 (3), 373 - 387." type="journal article" year="2001">Bálint & Wojtusiak (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA54667FBC4BFB7DF8BB" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1150,1254,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA54667FBC4BFB7DF8BB" box="[1150,1254,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. regala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA546726BC4BFA0FF8BB" authorityName="Robbins" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[1319,1428,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saraha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA546726BC4BFA0FF8BB" box="[1319,1428,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.saraha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on examining the figures supplied to the original description. Lately,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F43A428FFFA0AA546637BCA2FB6AF863" author="Robbins, R. K." box="[1078,1265,1930,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 137" refId="ref12624" refString="Robbins, R. K. (2004) Checklist of Eumaeini. 98. Lycaenidae Theclinae, Eumaeini. 118 - 137 pp. In: Lamas, G., Checklist of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A. Hesperoidea- Papilionoidea .. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. J. Heppner (series Ed.) Scientific publishers, Gansville 439 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">Robbins (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA546787BCA3FF79F80B" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA546787BCA3FF79F80B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. regala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA54639ABC9BFD92F80B" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[411,521,1971,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA54639ABC9BFD92F80B" box="[411,521,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, probably based on the features of the females of those two species. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA0AA546296BCF3FF64F833" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,255,2011,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA0AA546296BCF3FF64F833" box="[151,255,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. regala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an endemic species of the Eastern Cordillera of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8BC7FEEFFA0AA546153BCF2FC5DF833" box="[850,966,2010,2036]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and we consider it as a valid species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8B16CF5FFA1AA5562C7BBBFFBCEFC45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C7BBBFFE09FEED" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C7BBBFFED3FF76" bold="true" box="[198,328,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA1AA5563E2BBB0FDD1FF76" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityYear="1997" box="[483,586,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5563E2BBB0FDD1FF76" box="[483,586,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. regala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most readily distinguished from other “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA1AA556636BBB0FB12FF76" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[1079,1161,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA556636BBB0FB12FF76" box="[1079,1161,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” species by having small, round white androconial brands.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA1AA55609FBBE8FC9CFF1E" authorityName="Le Crom & Johnson" authorityYear="1997" box="[670,775,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regala">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA55609FBBE8FC9CFF1E" box="[670,775,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. regala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA1AA556616BBE8FB1CFF1E" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[1047,1159,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA556616BBE8FB1CFF1E" box="[1047,1159,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differ from that by having a sky blue dorsal surface and by a smaller, rounder and lighter androconial brand (oval, large big and grayish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB44FDFFA1AA556312BA38FE1AFEEE" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[275,385,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA556312BA38FE1AFEEE" box="[275,385,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C7BA1FFC53FDDD" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C7BA1FFEF4FE96" bold="true" box="[198,367,311,337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Identification</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA556385BA1FFE58FE96" bold="true" box="[388,451,311,337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5563D9BA10FD0DFE96" box="[472,662,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Both wings sky blue except for a narrow distal black border (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="5753929BFFA1AA556359BA48FE0FFEBD" box="[344,404,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) in submarginal and marginal wing areas, forewing androconial brand small (approximately 1/5 discal cell length), round in shape and white.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5561A8BAA0FBFCFE66" box="[937,1127,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Both wings ground color reddish brown, medial band straight and brown. Forewing submarginal elements appear as six small and differentiated brown spots, hindwing discal margin appears as short, irregular, zigzag brown medial band crossing entire wing surface, hindwing submarginal pattern as in forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4B900FC4AFD85" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" box="[197,977,552,578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4B900FE90FD86" box="[197,267,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
Thorax and abdomen dark brown dorsally, orange ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4B978FC00FD55" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4B978FEAFFDAE" box="[197,308,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Eighth abdominal tergite simple and in shape rectangle; valval caudal extension in lateral view with approximately 1/3 length valval length. Ventral keel pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4B9B7FB97FCF5" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4B9B7FEBBFD7E" bold="true" box="[197,288,671,697]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Female</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA55632EB988FE5AFD7E" box="[303,449,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Wing shape:</emphasis>
|
||
hindwing apex rounded and anal tail occurring as a lateral lobe accompanied with a long tail extending from vein CuA2 terminus.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5560B6B9E0FCF4FD26" box="[695,879,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Both wings light blue with a broad black distal border (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="5753929BFFA1AA5563A6B9D8FE7EFCCD" box="[423,485,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
|
||
) at submarginal and marginal wing areas.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5561DDB9D8FB03FCCE" box="[988,1176,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Ground color of both wings reddish brown. Basal disc, medial and submarginal bands as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4B868FBCEFC45" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4B868FEAFFC9E" box="[197,308,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Posterior region of ductus bursae two times longer than anterior region. The anterior and posterior sections of ductus bursae are not divided by a conspicuous membranous area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8B16CF5FFA1AA5562C4B8A7FB3CFC15" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4B8A7FB3CFC15" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4B8A7FEFDFC6E" bold="true" box="[197,358,911,937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA556375B8B8FE4AFC6E" box="[372,465,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spatial:</emphasis>
|
||
Known from two localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8BC7FEEFFA1AA556163B8B8FC4EFC6D" box="[866,981,912,938]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Departments of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="526FF19CFFA1AA5566B9B8B8FAF8FC6D" box="[1208,1379,912,938]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="526FF19CFFA1AA556296B890FE95FC15" box="[151,270,952,978]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089023FBFFA1AA556327B890FEE6FC15" box="[294,381,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-134@16.[151,1436,397,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 54. Distribution of P.regala and P. vittata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA556393B890FD90FC16" box="[402,523,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Temporal:</emphasis>
|
||
Known from January, March, November and December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8B16CF5FFA1AA5562C4B8F7FCE3FBE5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4B8F7FCE3FBE5" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4B8F7FEB6FC3E" bold="true" box="[197,301,991,1017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Males were usually encountered perching or flying as solitary individuals or in groups on hilltops. Nothing is known about early stages or host larval plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8B16CF5FFA1AA5562C4BF07FB0AFB5D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4BF07FDDDFB8D" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" box="[197,582,1071,1098]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4BF07FE29FB8E" bold="true" box="[197,434,1071,1097]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<specimenCount id="86ADF4F7FFA1AA5563CABF18FD9FFB84" box="[459,516,1071,1098]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="86ADF4F7FFA1AA556012BF18FDA7FB84" box="[531,572,1071,1098]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90143F7EFFA1AA5562C4BF7FFB0AFB5D" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20C33523FFA1AA5562C4BF7FFB79FBB5" box="[197,1250,1111,1138]" collectionCode="JFLC" collectorName="El Tablazo & Leg. J. F. Le Crom" country="Colombia" elevation="3450" location="Cundinamarca" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-male="14" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA5562C4BF7FFEF0FBB6" bold="true" box="[197,363,1111,1137]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8BC7FEEFFA1AA5562C4BF7FFEF0FBB6" box="[197,363,1111,1137]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA55637ABF70FDA0FBB6" box="[379,571,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="526FF19CFFA1AA55637ABF70FDB1FBB6" box="[379,554,1112,1137]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="86ADF4F7FFA1AA556043BF70FDE1FBAC" box="[578,634,1111,1138]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
*
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6BAA7BBFFA1AA55608EBF70FD4EFBB5" box="[655,725,1112,1138]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">JFLC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="3D5E5AA8FFA1AA5560E1BF70FCFBFBB5" box="[736,864,1112,1138]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">El Tablazo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5753929BFFA1AA55616DBF70FC5BFBB5" box="[876,960,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3450.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1B86D84DFFA1AA55616DBF70FC5BFBB5" box="[876,960,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3450.0">3450m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, I.94.
|
||
<collectorName id="3D5E5AA8FFA1AA556609BF70FB79FBB5" box="[1032,1250,1112,1138]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leg. J. F. Le Crom</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20C33523FFA1AA5566F3BF70FDE5FB5D" collectionCode="JFLC" collectorName="El Tablazo & Leg. J. F. Le Crom" country="Colombia" elevation="3450" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
|
||
<specimenCount id="86ADF4F7FFA1AA5566F3BF70FA87FBAC" box="[1266,1308,1111,1138]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
*
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6BAA7BBFFA1AA556730BF70FAECFBB5" box="[1329,1399,1112,1138]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">JFLC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="3D5E5AA8FFA1AA556783BF70FF6DFB5D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">El Tablazo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5753929BFFA1AA556300BFA8FECDFB5D" box="[257,342,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3450.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1B86D84DFFA1AA556300BFA8FECDFB5D" box="[257,342,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3450.0">3450m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, I.94.
|
||
<collectorName id="3D5E5AA8FFA1AA55639FBFA8FDE5FB5D" box="[414,638,1152,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leg. J. F. Le Crom</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. /
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20C33523FFA1AA556098BFA8FB17FB5D" box="[665,1164,1151,1178]" collectorName="Encino & Leg. G. Fagua" country="Colombia" location="Santander" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DFE36CFFA1AA556098BFA8FC81FB5E" box="[665,794,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="526FF19CFFA1AA556098BFA8FC8EFB5E" box="[665,789,1152,1177]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="86ADF4F7FFA1AA556123BFA8FCD7FB54" box="[802,844,1151,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
UJ:
|
||
<collectorName id="3D5E5AA8FFA1AA556182BFA8FC42FB5D" box="[899,985,1152,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Encino</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="3D5E5AA8FFA1AA5561E4BFA8FB17FB5D" box="[997,1164,1152,1178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leg. G. Fagua</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |