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<document id="4AC3CE2B1E585FDF914DC01BB671DC35" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3893.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f4b47d1-c651-4adc-8ab3-fef6cf78b69e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="227711" ID-ZooBank="34FE5DA3-C783-4EB6-A2A5-38FB2F5D8DD2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460995491010" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tang, Hong-Qu, Cranston, Peter S., Zhao, Jian-Gang, Lok, Chan-Wa, Wong, Kai-Chin &amp; Li, Zhi-Qiang" docDate="2014" docId="0741E5556D04FFE0FF5EF947FD43FEF5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03893p428.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3893 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polypedilum Kieffer 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="418" masterDocId="FB789D2D6D05FFE2FFC9FF83FFF2FFCA" masterDocTitle="The immature stages of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nodosum (Johannsen) and Polypedilum (Tripodura) masudai (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae)" masterLastPageNumber="428" masterPageNumber="416" pageNumber="417" updateTime="1698562656661" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CFCE05F5865A5610B6A1666EFEDCCA78">The immature stages of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nodosum (Johannsen) and Polypedilum (Tripodura) masudai (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFB7466182477A2076FC9DCCDCE06E1B">Tang, Hong-Qu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4954ED24F46FC68D9F92C233397C3AC0">Cranston, Peter S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="365F0EAFD733FC1AF6C49E365ED6390E">Zhao, Jian-Gang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="167BAB99D8D2D3CD239C1F80BBE2402D">Lok, Chan-Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6EF0C0BCE3CDB593C531613A3F718ED">Li, Zhi-Qiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9D76C2E85F7FC79144391A7669AD6D5E">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0741E5556D04FFE0FF5EF947FD43FEF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488187" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6488187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0741E5556D04FFE0FF5EF947FD43FEF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0741E5556D04FFE0FF5EF947FD43FEF5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">
<subSubSection id="C7F207C86D04FFE3FF5EF947FE24F914" box="[151,470,1732,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8F5754436D04FFE3FF5EF947FE24F914" blockId="1.[151,470,1732,1758]" box="[151,470,1732,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">
<heading id="D41FE32F6D04FFE3FF5EF947FE24F914" bold="true" box="[151,470,1732,1758]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D04FFE3FF5EF947FE24F914" ID-CoL="63MXN" ID-ENA="54968" authority="Kieffer, 1912" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,470,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FF5EF947FE24F914" bold="true" box="[151,470,1732,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FF5EF947FEDDF914" bold="true" box="[151,303,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">Polypedilum</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1912
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C7F207C86D04FFE0FF5EF889FD43FEF5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8F5754436D04FFE3FF5EF889FDAFF8A1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1802,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FF5EF889FEE3F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,273,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Conforms mostly in all diagnostic features to the generic description for larva (
<bibRefCitation id="EB7929B26D04FFE3FB69F889FA96F8E9" author="Epler" box="[1184,1380,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" refString="Epler, J., Ekrem, T. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (2013) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 66 (Supplement), pp. 387 - 556. [Lund, Sweden]" type="journal article" year="2013">
Epler
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FB2EF88FFAEBF8E9" box="[1255,1305,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and pupa (Pinder &amp; Reiss 1986). Based on the material described below, the generic diagnosis for
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D04FFE3FB07F8ADFAA9F88D" box="[1230,1371,1838,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FB07F8ADFAA9F88D" box="[1230,1371,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">Polypedilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva and pupa should be amended as follows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F5754436D04FFE0FF0EF8F5FA9BFF32" blockId="1.[151,1436,1802,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FF0EF8F5FEE5F845" bold="true" box="[199,279,1910,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">Larva.</emphasis>
Frontoclypeus with or without hyaline band, site of dorsal S3 insertion with some variation among the known species. Antenna blade distinctly longer than segment
<quantity id="4810F9A66D04FFE3FC8EF819FC7CF879" box="[839,910,1946,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">25 in</quantity>
some species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D04FFE3FBA5F81FFF23F81D" authority="Goetghebuer 1931" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cultellatum">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FBA5F81FFAF7F879" box="[1132,1285,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">P. cultellatum</emphasis>
Goetghebuer 1931
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D04FFE3FF14F83CFEADF81D" box="[221,351,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosum">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FF14F83CFEADF81D" box="[221,351,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">P. nodosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and most members in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D04FFE3FD06F83DFCB3F81D" box="[719,833,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tripodura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FD06F83DFCB3F81D" box="[719,833,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">Tripodura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Segment 5 usually vestigial in
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D04FFE3FB7DF83DFAD4F81D" box="[1204,1318,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tripodura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D04FFE3FB7DF83DFAD4F81D" box="[1204,1318,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="417">Tripodura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., with a minute needle-like peg suspended at the apex of segment 4. Mandible with or without dorsal teeth. If with, usually bearing 2 inner teeth, seldom with 3 (
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D07FFE0FD53FF3EFCE9FF1F" box="[666,795,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosum">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D07FFE0FD53FF3EFCE9FF1F" box="[666,795,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">P. nodosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); if without, mandible always with 3 inner teeth (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D07FFE0FA4EFF3EFE54FF32" authority="Johannsen 1905" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D07FFE0FA4EFF3EFF25FF32" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">P. fallax</emphasis>
(Johannsen 1905)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D07FFE0FE7BFF62FD52FF32" authority="Freeman 1961" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[434,672,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D07FFE0FE7BFF62FE07FF32" box="[434,501,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">P. leei</emphasis>
Freeman 1961
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D07FFE0FD65FF62FC21FF32" authority="Meigen 1830" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[684,979,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestre">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D07FFE0FD65FF62FCD7FF32" box="[684,805,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">P. pedestre</emphasis>
(Meigen 1830)
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D07FFE0FC3EFF62FB97FF32" box="[1015,1125,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">P. s ord e ns</emphasis>
(van der Wulp 1874)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F5754436D07FFE0FF0EFE87FD43FEF5" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D07FFE0FF0EFE87FEFFFED7" bold="true" box="[199,269,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">Pupa.</emphasis>
Apex of wing pad with nose in certain species, segment VIII lacking spinulation (eg.
<taxonomicName id="48E82FC06D07FFE0FACEFE86FA79FED7" box="[1287,1419,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosum">
<emphasis id="BD9C88516D07FFE0FACEFE86FA79FED7" box="[1287,1419,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="418">P. nodosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Median spinulation variable in tergite II and VI.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>