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<mods:title id="9B552EAC7DFD59F251084768579D6A94">Review of the Oriental genus Neunkanodes Yang (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="44C331016C9C38228CF2FBDF425BC5EB">Hou, Xiao-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7563A7FF85FF9DFF6503B50CDAFF12" ID-CoL="63PS" ID-ENA="1657722" authority="Yang, 1989" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,461,217,243]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Neunkanodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF6503B50CDAFF12" bold="true" box="[151,461,217,243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF6503B50C2AFF12" bold="true" box="[151,317,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Neunkanodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFEB603B50CDAFF12" author="Yang" box="[324,461,217,243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Yang, C. - T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7563A7FF85FF9DFF6502750CF5FECE" ID-CoL="63PS" authority="Yang, 1989: 164" authorityName="Yang" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,482,281,303]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Neunkanodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF6502750C37FECE" box="[151,288,281,303]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Neunkanodes</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD43E35FF85FF9DFEDE02760CF5FECE" author="Yang" box="[300,482,281,303]" page="164" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFEDE02760CBEFECE" author="Yang" box="[300,425,281,303]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Yang, C. - T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 164
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AD43E35FF85FF9DFE0102750FBFFECE" author="Ding" box="[499,680,281,303]" page="575" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFE0102750F78FECE" author="Ding" box="[499,623,281,303]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Ding, J. - H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Chinese Academy of Science. Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 1 - 776." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 575
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.
<typeStatus id="54CEA686FF85FF9DFD4A02760FFDFECE" box="[696,746,282,303]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="4C7563A7FF85FF9DFCA102750801FECE" ID-CoL="73YK6" authority="Yang, 1989: 164" authorityName="Yang" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="1989" box="[851,1302,281,303]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Neunkanodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFCA102750942FECE" box="[851,1109,281,303]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Neunkanodes formosana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFB93027609C9FECE" author="Yang" box="[1121,1246,281,303]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Yang, C. - T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 164
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, by original designation.
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<subSubSection id="C36F4BAFFF85FF9DFF6502180C8FFBD9" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF6502180802FE6C" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" box="[151,1301,372,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF6502180C36FE6C" bold="true" box="[151,289,372,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Description</emphasis>
. The distinctive characters used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFD4102190E28FE6D" author="Yang" box="[691,831,372,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Yang, C. - T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFC8702180EE8FE6C" author="Ding" box="[885,1023,372,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Ding, J. - H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Chinese Academy of Science. Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 1 - 776." type="book" year="2006">Ding (2006)</bibRefCitation>
are modified as follows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF3502FB0C56FE35" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF3502FB0C2BFE51" bold="true" box="[199,316,407,432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Body size</emphasis>
. Macropterous form, large size, body length (including forewing): male 4.155.00 mm, female
<quantity id="4C8DB5C1FF85FF9DFF6502D00C2AFE35" box="[151,317,444,469]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="5.95" metricValueMin="5.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="5.95" valueMin="5.05">5.055.95 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF3502B309A7FD84" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF3502B30C5FFE19" bold="true" box="[199,328,479,504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Coloration</emphasis>
. General color yellowish brown to reddish brown. Vertex, frons, pro- and mesonotum with median carinae white to yellowish white (
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFDE901680F74FDFD" box="[539,611,516,541]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[219,1354,256,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[218,1370,251,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Neunkanodes bispinatus s p. nov. (1) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (2) Frons and clypeus; (3) Forewing; (4) Male genitalia, posterior view; (5) Same, left side view; (6) Pygofer, left side view; (7) Same, posterior view; (8) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (9) Anal segment, posterior view; (10) Anal segment, left side view; (11) Aedeagus, left side view; (12) Genital style, left side view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 1 3), 0.2 mm (Figs 4 7), 0.1 mm (Figs 8 12)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230789/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFD8101680F86FDFD" box="[627,657,516,540]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 25" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1859,1882]" captionTargetBox="[230,1366,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[219,1372,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 25. Neunkanodes formosana Yang. (13) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (14) Frons and clypeus; (15) Forewing; (16) Male genitalia, posterior view; (17) Same, left side view; (18) Pygofer, left side view; (19) Same, posterior view; (20) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (21) Anal segment, posterior view; (22) Anal segment, left side view; (23) Aedeagus, left side view; (24) Genital style, left side view; (25) Pygofer, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 13 15), 0.2 mm (Figs 16 19), 0.1 mm (Figs 20 25)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230790/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFD6D01680FA9FDFC" box="[671,702,516,541]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 38" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,205,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,195,1831]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 26 38. Neunkanodes unispinatus sp. nov. (26) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (27) Frons and clypeus; (28) Forewing; (29) Male genitalia, posterior view; (30) Same, left side view; (31) Pygofer, left side view; (32) Same, posterior view; (33) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (34) Anal segment, posterior view; (35) Anal segment, left side view; (36) Aedeagus, left side view; (37) Genital style, left side view; (38) Pygofer, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 26 28), 0.2 mm (Figs 29 32), 0.1 mm (Figs 33 38)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230791/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">26</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFD3901690E46FDFD" author="Yang" box="[715,849,516,541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Yang, C. - T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 68A;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFC2101680940FDFC" author="Ding" box="[979,1111,516,541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Ding, J. - H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Chinese Academy of Science. Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 1 - 776." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 314A). Frons bordered with dark brown to black stripe (
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFDF4014B0F58FDA1" box="[518,591,551,576]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[219,1354,256,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[218,1370,251,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Neunkanodes bispinatus s p. nov. (1) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (2) Frons and clypeus; (3) Forewing; (4) Male genitalia, posterior view; (5) Same, left side view; (6) Pygofer, left side view; (7) Same, posterior view; (8) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (9) Anal segment, posterior view; (10) Anal segment, left side view; (11) Aedeagus, left side view; (12) Genital style, left side view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 1 3), 0.2 mm (Figs 4 7), 0.1 mm (Figs 8 12)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230789/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFDA901440F6EFDA1" box="[603,633,552,576]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 25" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1859,1882]" captionTargetBox="[230,1366,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[219,1372,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 25. Neunkanodes formosana Yang. (13) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (14) Frons and clypeus; (15) Forewing; (16) Male genitalia, posterior view; (17) Same, left side view; (18) Pygofer, left side view; (19) Same, posterior view; (20) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (21) Anal segment, posterior view; (22) Anal segment, left side view; (23) Aedeagus, left side view; (24) Genital style, left side view; (25) Pygofer, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 13 15), 0.2 mm (Figs 16 19), 0.1 mm (Figs 20 25)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230790/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFD7701440FB3FDA1" box="[645,676,552,576]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 38" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,205,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,195,1831]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 26 38. Neunkanodes unispinatus sp. nov. (26) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (27) Frons and clypeus; (28) Forewing; (29) Male genitalia, posterior view; (30) Same, left side view; (31) Pygofer, left side view; (32) Same, posterior view; (33) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (34) Anal segment, posterior view; (35) Anal segment, left side view; (36) Aedeagus, left side view; (37) Genital style, left side view; (38) Pygofer, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 26 28), 0.2 mm (Figs 29 32), 0.1 mm (Figs 33 38)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230791/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">27</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFD4201440E23FDA1" author="Yang" box="[688,820,552,576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Yang, C. - T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 68B;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFC42014B0924FDA1" author="Ding" box="[944,1075,551,576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Ding, J. - H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Chinese Academy of Science. Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 1 - 776." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 314B). Forewings hyaline, veins dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFE9A01200CA6FD85" box="[360,433,588,613]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[219,1354,256,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[218,1370,251,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Neunkanodes bispinatus s p. nov. (1) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (2) Frons and clypeus; (3) Forewing; (4) Male genitalia, posterior view; (5) Same, left side view; (6) Pygofer, left side view; (7) Same, posterior view; (8) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (9) Anal segment, posterior view; (10) Anal segment, left side view; (11) Aedeagus, left side view; (12) Genital style, left side view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 1 3), 0.2 mm (Figs 4 7), 0.1 mm (Figs 8 12)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230789/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFE4F01200CCCFD84" box="[445,475,588,613]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 25" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1859,1882]" captionTargetBox="[230,1366,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[219,1372,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 25. Neunkanodes formosana Yang. (13) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (14) Frons and clypeus; (15) Forewing; (16) Male genitalia, posterior view; (17) Same, left side view; (18) Pygofer, left side view; (19) Same, posterior view; (20) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (21) Anal segment, posterior view; (22) Anal segment, left side view; (23) Aedeagus, left side view; (24) Genital style, left side view; (25) Pygofer, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 13 15), 0.2 mm (Figs 16 19), 0.1 mm (Figs 20 25)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230790/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134E04A1FF85FF9DFE1501200F11FD85" box="[487,518,588,612]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 38" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,205,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,195,1831]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 26 38. Neunkanodes unispinatus sp. nov. (26) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (27) Frons and clypeus; (28) Forewing; (29) Male genitalia, posterior view; (30) Same, left side view; (31) Pygofer, left side view; (32) Same, posterior view; (33) Anal segment, aedeagus and genital style, left lateral view; (34) Anal segment, posterior view; (35) Anal segment, left side view; (36) Aedeagus, left side view; (37) Genital style, left side view; (38) Pygofer, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 26 28), 0.2 mm (Figs 29 32), 0.1 mm (Figs 33 38)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230791/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">28</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE465D5FF85FF9DFDE001210F82FD85" author="Yang" box="[530,661,588,613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" refString="Yang, C. - T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 68C). Abdomen somewhat reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF3501030CBAFCDC" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF3501030C8DFD69" bold="true" box="[199,410,623,648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Head and Thorax</emphasis>
. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex longer submedially than wide at base about 1.2:1, apical margin transverse or sinuate, submedian carinae uniting at apex, Y-shaped carina present. Frons longer in middle line than wide at widest part about 2.42.8:1, widest at apex or level of ocelli. Rostrum reaching to meta-coxae. Ocelli present. Antennae cylindrical, basal segment longer than wide, shorter than second about 1:2.23.5. Pronotum with lateral carinae not attaining hind margin. Spinal formula of hind leg 574. Post-tibial spur with about 23 teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF35002B0F8CFBF4" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF35002B0C66FC81" bold="true" box="[199,369,839,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Male genitalia</emphasis>
. Anal segment of male ring-like, lateroapical angles widely separated, each produced in a large spinose process. Pygofer in profile wider ventrally than dorsally, with a large lamellar process produced caudad medially at caudal margin, in posterior view opening longer than width, medioventral process present or absent. Phallus compressed, tubular-shape, with processes. Suspensorium ring-like ventrally. Diaphragm rather broad, dorsal margin roundly produced medially, ventral margin with thumb-like process. Genital styles widely divergent apically, long and fine, with laterobasal angle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF3507730C8FFBD9" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" box="[199,408,1055,1080]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF3507730C53FBD9" bold="true" box="[199,324,1055,1080]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Host plant</emphasis>
. Weed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F4BAFFF85FF9DFF3507280FF8FBBD" box="[199,751,1092,1117]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF3507280FF8FBBD" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" box="[199,751,1092,1117]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF3507280C4EFBBC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1092,1117]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F36258B4FF85FF9DFE9507280CBDFBBC" box="[359,426,1092,1117]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F36258B4FF85FF9DFE4B07280F18FBBC" box="[441,527,1092,1117]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Guizhou, Yunnan).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F4BAFFF85FF9DFF35070B0F72FB0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCA1824FF85FF9DFF35070B0F72FB0D" blockId="1.[151,1437,372,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFF35070B0C23FB61" bold="true" box="[199,308,1127,1152]" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Remarks</emphasis>
. This genus differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7563A7FF85FF9DFD8307040E47FB61" authority="Fennah" authorityName="Fennah" box="[625,848,1127,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Unkanodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901C436FF85FF9DFD8307040FF8FB61" box="[625,751,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="175">Unkanodes</emphasis>
Fennah
</taxonomicName>
in having pygofer with a large lamellar process medially at caudal margin, medioventral process present or absent; phallus compressed, with simple processes; diaphragm with a straight and thumb-like process at ventral margin; genital styles abruptly narrowing at basal 1/3, laterobasal angle with spine-like process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>