301 lines
40 KiB
XML
301 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A6E106BA4D892B8AB3A8BA721C8866A3">Some taxonomic and nomenclatural changes in American Mantodea (Insecta, Dictyoptera) — Part I</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8BA108076EC023F5A4462EF4F9485F64">Rivera, Julio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C617A1A7447533B222C8CA020B0AFD7E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="02565B702D626098D19C1E6F7D33A751">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BE1718760D864CFF5DFD1CFBB3F861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108129" ID-GBIF-Taxon="126106488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE1718760D864CFF5DFD1CFBB3F861" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE1718760D864CFF5DFD1CFBB3F861" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
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<subSubSection id="C30DF585760D864DFF5DFD1CFD9FFCB0" box="[151,519,746,773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA8A60E760D864DFF5DFD1CFD9FFCB0" blockId="12.[151,519,746,773]" box="[151,519,746,773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
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<heading id="D0E01162760D864DFF5DFD1CFD9FFCB0" bold="true" box="[151,519,746,773]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF5DFD1CFD9FFCB0" ID-CoL="8NPLG" authority="Giglio-Tos, 1914" authorityName="Giglio-Tos" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,519,746,773]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DFD1CFD9FFCB0" bold="true" box="[151,519,746,773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DFD1CFEADFCB1" bold="true" box="[151,309,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Chopardiella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFEF6FD1DFD9FFCB0" author="Giglio-Tos" box="[316,519,747,773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1914) Mantidi esotici. VI. Vatinae. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 29 (684), 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1914">Giglio-Tos, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30DF585760D864CFF5DFCC5FBB3F861" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA8A60E760D864DFF5DFCC5FEEEFAF7" blockId="12.[151,1437,817,1346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF5DFCC5FE16FCFF" box="[151,398,819,842]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DFCC5FE16FCFF" box="[151,398,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Uromantis amazonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFE0DFCC5FD2BFCFF" box="[455,691,819,842]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraensis">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFE0DFCC5FD2BFCFF" box="[455,691,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Uromantis paraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were both simultaneously described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFBB6FCC7FABCFCFF" author="Jantsch" box="[1148,1316,817,842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Jantsch, L. J. (1985) Descricao de duas especies de Louva-a-Deus neotropicales (Mantodea, Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 29, 315 - 316." type="journal article" year="1985">Jantsch (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, at the time of their description, Jantsch ignored the fact that
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFC88FCA0FC21FCD8" ID-CoL="8PRM3" box="[834,953,854,877]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFC88FCA0FC21FCD8" box="[834,953,854,877]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Uromantis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as well as other similar genera created by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFF5DFC8FFEFCFC27" author="Giglio-Tos" box="[151,356,889,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1917) Mantidi esotici. Generi e specie nuove. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 48, 43 - 108." type="journal article" year="1917">Giglio-Tos (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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, were all already placed under synonymy with
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFCBDFC8CFB5EFC27" ID-CoL="8NZFW" authority="Saussure, 1869" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[887,1222,889,914]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Stagmomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFCBDFC8CFB8DFC24" box="[887,1045,890,913]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Stagmomantis</emphasis>
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Saussure, 1869
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFB3BFC8FFA0FFC27" author="Hebard" box="[1265,1431,889,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Hebard, M. (1923) Studies in the Mantidae and Phasmidae of Panama (Orthoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 48, 327 - 362." type="journal article" year="1923">Hebard (1923)</bibRefCitation>
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, an action that
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFEF2FC6BFE5EFC03" author="Rehn" box="[312,454,925,950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1935) The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. Part I. Mantidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 87, 167 - 271." type="journal article" year="1935">Rehn (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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and subsequent authors later followed. Accordingly,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFBEEFC68FB2AFC03" author="Terra" box="[1060,1202,925,950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Terra, P. S. (1995) Revisao Sistematica dos Generos de Louva-a - Deus da Regiao Neotropical. (Mantodea). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 39, 13 - 94." type="journal article" year="1995">Terra (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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formally transferred both
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF1AFC35FED2FC6F" box="[208,330,963,986]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF1AFC35FED2FC6F" box="[208,330,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">amazonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFE4BFC35FE76FC6F" box="[385,494,963,986]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraensis">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFE4BFC35FE76FC6F" box="[385,494,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">paraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFDD9FC34FD29FC6C" ID-CoL="8NZFW" box="[531,689,962,985]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Stagmomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFDD9FC34FD29FC6C" box="[531,689,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Stagmomantis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a procedure he likely undertook under the “safe” assumption that Jantsch had correctly assigned his two new species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFD31FC10FCEAFC48" ID-CoL="8PRM3" box="[763,882,998,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFD31FC10FCEAFC48" box="[763,882,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Uromantis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We examined the
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<typeStatus id="54AC18AC760D864DFB81FC13FB20FC4B" box="[1099,1208,997,1022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
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of both of Jantsch’s species deposited at INPA and recognized that those characters Jantsch used to justify both individuals as separated species, such as relative body length, relative density of the minute denticles on the pronotal edges, and wideness of the costal area of the mesothoracic wings, are all of no use. Fortunately, both specimens have their genitalia intact and they proved to be virtually identical upon close examination (
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<figureCitation id="132CBA8B760D864DFC0EFB83FB8DFB3B" box="[964,1045,1141,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[338,1211,208,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[313,1273,195,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Uromantis amazonensis (now Chopardiella latipennis): a) phallic complex, left epiphallus (dorsal view); b) phallic complex, hypophallus (dorsal view); c) ♂ holotype from Manaus, Brazil (INPA). Uromantis paraensis (now Chopardiella latipennis): d) phallic complex, left epiphallus (dorsal view); e) phallic complex, hypophallus (dorsal view, slightly rotated); f) ♂ holotype from Pará, Brazil (INPA)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239057/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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a–b, d–e). Therefore, we regard
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFA4BFB80FE89FB07" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFA4BFB80FE89FB07" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">U. amazonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFE8DFB6DFE4EFB07" box="[327,470,1179,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraensis">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFE8DFB6DFE4EFB07" box="[327,470,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">U. paraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as conspecifics (
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<figureCitation id="132CBA8B760D864DFD5CFB6FFD7EFB07" box="[662,742,1177,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[338,1211,208,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[313,1273,195,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Uromantis amazonensis (now Chopardiella latipennis): a) phallic complex, left epiphallus (dorsal view); b) phallic complex, hypophallus (dorsal view); c) ♂ holotype from Manaus, Brazil (INPA). Uromantis paraensis (now Chopardiella latipennis): d) phallic complex, left epiphallus (dorsal view); e) phallic complex, hypophallus (dorsal view, slightly rotated); f) ♂ holotype from Pará, Brazil (INPA)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239057/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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c–f). Furthermore, we compared the external morphology and male genitalia of Jantsch’s species to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFD5DFB4BFBFCFB63" ID-CoL="5YB85" authority="Chopard, 1911" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1911" box="[663,1124,1213,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFD5DFB4BFC3AFB63" box="[663,930,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Chopardiella latipennis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFC78FB4BFBC4FB63" author="Chopard" box="[946,1116,1213,1238]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Chopard, L. (1911) Contribution de la faune des Orthopteres de la Guyane francaise. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 80, 315 - 350." type="journal article" year="1911">Chopard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132CBA8B760D864DFBBFFB4BFB49FB63" box="[1141,1233,1213,1238]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. a" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1030,1052]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,303,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,293,1009]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. a) Chopardiella latipennis, non-typical ♀ specimen from French Guyana, (MHNG); b) Pseudoxyops perpulchra, non-typical ♀ specimen from Peru (UNALM). Notice the great similarities in pronotum and wings. Scales = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239058/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
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–b) and could not find any relevant difference that may justify the validity of all these names, as they are all clearly conspecifics. Thus, we establish both
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFE64FAF1FDD4FAA8" box="[430,588,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFE64FAF1FDD4FAA8" box="[430,588,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">U. amazonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFD4FFAF1FC8FFAA8" box="[645,791,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraensis">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFD4FFAF1FC8FFAA8" box="[645,791,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">U. paraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFC11FAF0FBF3FAAB" ID-CoL="5YB85" box="[987,1131,1285,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFC11FAF0FBF3FAAB" box="[987,1131,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">C. latipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The following taxonomic changes now apply:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA8A60E760D864DFF5DFA87FDC0FA7F" blockId="12.[151,613,1393,1482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF5DFA87FDFDFA3F" ID-CoL="5YB85" authority="Chopard, 1911" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,613,1393,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
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<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DFA87FE3FFA3F" bold="true" box="[151,423,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Chopardiella latipennis</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFE7EFA87FDC5FA3F" author="Chopard" box="[436,605,1393,1418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Chopard, L. (1911) Contribution de la faune des Orthopteres de la Guyane francaise. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 80, 315 - 350." type="journal article" year="1911">Chopard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DFA61FF3DFA19" box="[151,165,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">=</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF6FFA61FDB5FA1E" authority="Jantsch, 1985" authorityName="Jantsch" authorityYear="1985" box="[165,557,1429,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF6FFA61FE10FA19" box="[165,392,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Uromantis amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFE47FA63FDB5FA1E" author="Jantsch" box="[397,557,1429,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Jantsch, L. J. (1985) Descricao de duas especies de Louva-a-Deus neotropicales (Mantodea, Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 29, 315 - 316." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="n">
|
||
Jantsch, 1985
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250C767760D864DFDD4FA63FDB5FA1E" box="[542,557,1429,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFDD4FA63FDB5FA1E" bold="true" box="[542,557,1429,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">n</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. syn.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DFA43FF3DFA7F" box="[151,165,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">=</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF6FFA43FDB9FA7F" authority="Jantsch, 1985" authorityName="Jantsch" authorityYear="1985" box="[165,545,1460,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Uromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF6FFA43FEE5FA7F" box="[165,381,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Uromantis paraensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFE48FA42FDB9FA7F" author="Jantsch" box="[386,545,1460,1482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Jantsch, L. J. (1985) Descricao de duas especies de Louva-a-Deus neotropicales (Mantodea, Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 29, 315 - 316." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="n">
|
||
Jantsch, 1985
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFDD8FA42FDB9FA7F" bold="true" box="[530,545,1460,1482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250C767760D864DFDD8FA42FDB9FA7F" box="[530,545,1460,1482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">n</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. syn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8A60E760D864CFF5DFA00FBB3F861" blockId="12.[151,1437,1526,2020]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,1546,2004]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFF5DFA00FED5F9BA" author="Chopard" box="[151,333,1526,1551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Chopard, L. (1911) Contribution de la faune des Orthopteres de la Guyane francaise. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 80, 315 - 350." type="journal article" year="1911">Chopard (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described his new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFD53FA00FC3EF9BA" box="[665,934,1526,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFD53FA00FC3EF9BA" box="[665,934,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Pseudoxyops latipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a single female from Nouveau- Chantier, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300E69E760D864DFEEBF9EDFE53F981" box="[289,459,1563,1588]" name="French Guiana" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFD82F9EDFC8BF986" author="Giglio-Tos" box="[584,787,1563,1588]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1914) Mantidi esotici. VI. Vatinae. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 29 (684), 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1914">Giglio-Tos (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that this species should be included in its own genus and thus created
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFE6BF9C8FC9BF9E2" ID-CoL="8NPLG" authority="Giglio-Tos, 1914" authorityName="Giglio-Tos" authorityYear="1914" box="[417,771,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFE6BF9C8FDA1F9E2" box="[417,569,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Chopardiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFD8AF9C8FC9BF9E2" author="Giglio-Tos" box="[576,771,1598,1623]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1914) Mantidi esotici. VI. Vatinae. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 29 (684), 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1914">Giglio-Tos, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate it, using simply Chopard’s illustration to justify his new taxon while acknowledging the fact that he had not seen specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFBBEF992FB67F9C9" box="[1140,1279,1635,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFBBEF992FB67F9C9" box="[1140,1279,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">P. latipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We consider that those characters used by Giglio-Tos to justify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFD20F970FCE7F92A" ID-CoL="8NPLG" box="[746,895,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFD20F970FCE7F92A" box="[746,895,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Chopardiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent interspecific rather than intergeneric differences, particularly in regard to the small distal lobes on the mid- and hind femora, which are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF5DF938FEB1F952" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[151,297,1742,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DF938FEB1F952" box="[151,297,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was not until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760D864DFE3AF938FD20F952" author="Lombardo" box="[496,696,1742,1767]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refString="Lombardo, F. (1994) Mantodei Neotropicali. IV. Ritrovamento e descrizione del maschio di Chopardiella latipennis (Chopard, 1911) (Insecta, Mantodea). Animalia, 21, 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="1994">Lombardo (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFC75F926FBD2F952" box="[959,1098,1742,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFC75F926FBD2F952" box="[959,1098,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">P. latipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that sexual differences in the degree of lobe development became notorious; whereas the female does exhibit a conspicuous distal lobe on both mid and hind femora, such a lobe is almost nonexistent in males, in which it is barely indicated by a slight undulation of the cuticle. We have observed this same feature in various male specimens from museums and in material obtained from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300E69E760D864DFE78F8A8FDFBF8C2" box="[434,611,1886,1911]" name="French Guiana" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Another feature that Giglio-Tos used to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFB0EF8A8FAC1F8C2" ID-CoL="8NPLG" box="[1220,1369,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFB0EF8A8FAC1F8C2" box="[1220,1369,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Chopardiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF5DF875FEB1F829" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[151,297,1923,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DF875FEB1F829" box="[151,297,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the shape of the compound eyes, which are spherical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFB81F875FB78F829" ID-CoL="8NPLG" box="[1099,1248,1923,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFB81F875FB78F829" box="[1099,1248,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Chopardiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but conical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760D864DFF5DF850FEB1F80A" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[151,297,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760D864DFF5DF850FEB1F80A" box="[151,297,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We also regard this character as invalid for making such distinction because eye shape and other ocular modifications (e.g. apical spurs and non-visual elongations) are known for exhibiting wide variation among congeners and even intraspecifically, as observed in representatives of various genera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFA8EF9FCFA0DF996" box="[1348,1429,1546,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Ameles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFA8EF9FCFA0DF996" box="[1348,1429,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Ameles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFF5DF9DDFEB6F9F1" box="[151,302,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Heterochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFF5DF9DDFEB6F9F1" box="[151,302,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Heterochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFE8BF9DDFE72F9F1" box="[321,490,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Compsothespis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFE8BF9DDFE72F9F1" box="[321,490,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Compsothespis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among many others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760C864CFD3CF9DDFC07F9F1" author="Wieland" box="[758,927,1579,1604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" refString="Wieland, F. (2013) The phylogenetic system of Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera). Species, Phylogeny and Evolution, 3 (1), 3 - 222." type="journal article" year="2013">Wieland 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, the shape of both the pronotum and the mesothoracic wings of the female, and similarities in the shape of male genitalia (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760C864CFAE2F9BAFF4AF932" author="Lombardo" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" refString="Lombardo, F. (1994) Mantodei Neotropicali. IV. Ritrovamento e descrizione del maschio di Chopardiella latipennis (Chopard, 1911) (Insecta, Mantodea). Animalia, 21, 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="1994">Lombardo 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760C864CFF17F998FD96F932" author="Lombardo" box="[221,526,1646,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" refString="Lombardo, F & Agabiti, B. (2001) The mantids from Ecuador, with some biogeographic considerations. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 10 (1), 89 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 (2001) 010 [0089: TMFEWS] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Lombardo & Agabiti 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760C864CFDD0F998FCAFF932" author="Battiston" box="[538,823,1646,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" refString="Battiston, R. & Picciau, L. (2008) Contribution to the knowledge of the Mantodea of Ecuador with the description of the male of Pseudoxyops perpulchra (Westwood, 1889) (Mantodea Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae). In: Giachino, P. M. (Ed), Biodiversity of South America I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, Vol. 1. World Biodiversity Association Onlus, Verona, p. 19 - 30." type="book chapter" year="2008">Battiston & Picciau 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for comparison), suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFB45F999FA87F932" box="[1167,1311,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFB45F999FA87F932" box="[1167,1311,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">C. latipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132CBA8B760C864CFAE5F998FA16F932" box="[1327,1422,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. a" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1030,1052]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,303,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,293,1009]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. a) Chopardiella latipennis, non-typical ♀ specimen from French Guyana, (MHNG); b) Pseudoxyops perpulchra, non-typical ♀ specimen from Peru (UNALM). Notice the great similarities in pronotum and wings. Scales = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239058/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFF5DF966FDCDF91D" authority="Lombardo & Agabiti, 2001" authorityName="Lombardo & Agabiti" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,597,1679,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Compsothespis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poulaini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFF5DF966FE8EF91D" box="[151,278,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">C. poulaini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760C864CFED4F979FDCDF91D" author="Lombardo" box="[286,597,1679,1704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" refString="Lombardo, F & Agabiti, B. (2001) The mantids from Ecuador, with some biogeographic considerations. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 10 (1), 89 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 (2001) 010 [0089: TMFEWS] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Lombardo & Agabiti, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFD44F979FCB8F91D" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[654,800,1679,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFD44F979FCB8F91D" box="[654,800,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all closely related, most likely representing a single evolutionary line.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFEA7F947FE67F97F" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[365,511,1713,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFEA7F947FE67F97F" box="[365,511,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes five species from which very little is known, except perhaps for the Amazonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFED4F924FC9FF95E" ID-CoL="4PF6G" authority="Westwood, 1889" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1889" box="[286,775,1746,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFED4F924FDABF95E" box="[286,563,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Pseudoxyops perpulchra</emphasis>
|
||
(Westwood, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132CBA8B760C864CFCDCF924FCFDF95E" box="[790,869,1746,1771]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. a" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1030,1052]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,303,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,293,1009]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. a) Chopardiella latipennis, non-typical ♀ specimen from French Guyana, (MHNG); b) Pseudoxyops perpulchra, non-typical ♀ specimen from Peru (UNALM). Notice the great similarities in pronotum and wings. Scales = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239058/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
b), the most commonly cited and collected species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86DBFF760C864CFF5DF905FE4DF8B9" author="Battiston" box="[151,469,1779,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" refString="Battiston, R. & Picciau, L. (2008) Contribution to the knowledge of the Mantodea of Ecuador with the description of the male of Pseudoxyops perpulchra (Westwood, 1889) (Mantodea Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae). In: Giachino, P. M. (Ed), Biodiversity of South America I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, Vol. 1. World Biodiversity Association Onlus, Verona, p. 19 - 30." type="book chapter" year="2008">Battiston & Picciau (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently identified and described the miniaturized male of this highly dimorphic species. We suggest that the two species currently included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFC93F8E2FC76F898" ID-CoL="8NPLG" box="[857,1006,1812,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Chopardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFC93F8E2FC76F898" box="[857,1006,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Chopardiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFAC0F8E2FA04F898" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[1290,1436,1812,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFAC0F8E2FA04F898" box="[1290,1436,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the former put under synonymy with the latter. Unfortunately, all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFBBEF8C0FA9EF8FA" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[1140,1286,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFBBEF8C0FA9EF8FA" box="[1140,1286,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFAD3F8C1FE62F8C5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFAD3F8C1FAE2F8FA" ID-CoL="4PF6D" box="[1305,1402,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diluta">P. diluta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFA4DF8C1FE9CF8C5" ID-CoL="4PF6B" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviana">P. boliviana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFED8F8AEFE1AF8DA" box="[274,386,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Coptopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">P. minuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFE5BF8AEFE62F8C5" box="[401,506,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borelli">P. borelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) are mostly known only from their original descriptions, and even though their morphology differs in many respects from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFD08F88CFCC1F827" ID-CoL="4PF6G" box="[706,857,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFD08F88CFCC1F827" box="[706,857,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">P. perpulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we refrain from establishing such synonymy, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17DD8D760C864CFF5DF86CFEB1F806" ID-CoL="8NYC4" box="[151,297,1946,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Pseudoxyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9637A1C760C864CFF5DF86CFEB1F806" box="[151,297,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Pseudoxyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as currently conceived, is in need of re-evaluation to verify the taxonomic status of its less-known species. We will leave this question open to consideration, pending future studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |