811 lines
94 KiB
XML
811 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document id="3445EF420EBB0FD6CD67B173ED350CC8" ID-CLB-Dataset="20998" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4846.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c8355fa-af80-4a52-be9a-a3c36a99bb19" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017497" ID-ZooBank="6F6EBF63-5598-416C-8694-14C4A8687693" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1599482548208" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Lim, Burton K. & Tavares, Valéria Da C." docDate="2020" docId="03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4846.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4846 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chiroderma scopaeum Handley 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FF83DD56F84EFFD07007FF847C1D5D16" masterDocTitle="Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698845824709" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="F93C973517A9E383E62D11E1EBBEE577" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="63EE4EAE921B1321D6258FFB8292B0BB">
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<mods:title id="0F75BC4EFA954A16E1C6C9E576B17628">Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1721F1E66F3169FB151230C5CCD2E6E2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="834127FC02DF76C5DBB0CF5649237687">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="523B51D9A20ED6A75B2E8A754788C50C">Garbino, Guilherme S. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E22CACC943AB5B2F6B97E4B4D714910">Pós-graduação, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FC36B3CD4039C5E27EBC3847D9DEAC1A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="707AF73B162CCFAD9FA5E98F8BA4FAC1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B28E62C79CD87878AB1BC824C5D2F0E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A2909598E078740227AE46EF2D775A81">Lim, Burton K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF4B0993810D51A66C588960DD1B5BEE">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="881B0329DD0031CCA140D611D5EBA19D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="904D6DD5E66CCA2E0CE590D4153E6C98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4FCD4DDDA29BB6508278E7FA9DEC9E54">Tavares, Valéria Da C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF24B2F35520B43ECE99ED0D1C85BDFA">Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN / DSE, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58059 - 900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="862C98E94DD131D91E8C64E966FF3B39">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="889E45F3F2B763D9F8C8195B05F0DB19">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2B8A877F2A55AB7852FBFA13D4255DC0">
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<mods:date id="0B69D0FF485335DA551B5838FCB0C37C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8DB47E025C1381D741A5F07B4CA3EFA8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="48209470FEE7E6C0A511A35D58D1C74A">2020-09-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="64329A39324D0060F9878F9CD5EE9906" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="95D97CEE29771AC3642D9D763476E5D4">4846</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5EFDBD9FB056CECD9CB64F18FA057AAE" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D15C59674B6D50F2BB0F14E30F31DF9F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="12D22BDAD5E3FF817BFDDB33AAA47B51">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F30AB34D97BB0A803724C0E584E9505C">93</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="74AC8547BB33A9E38FDEB6098EB51CA0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="14A490571993FFFF7FB8C3C5187F7D27" type="CLB-Dataset">20998</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0C0FDC455E4E9A3D8A78A5A42563646" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4846.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="189519B51FEDA305CE42231C85DD5FFB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4332625" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167515840" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4332625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F852FFCC7090FC517D175927" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCC7090FC517E7E5EF9" blockId="28.[151,611,981,1008]" box="[151,611,981,1008]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<heading id="D0E4A354F852FFCC7090FC517E7E5EF9" bold="true" box="[151,611,981,1008]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC7090FC517E7E5EF9" ID-CoL="86B7P" authority="Handley, 1966" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,611,981,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7090FC517E7E5EF9" bold="true" box="[151,611,981,1008]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7090FC517DB75EF9" bold="true" box="[151,426,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chiroderma scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
Handley, 1966
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCC7090FB9D7D175927" blockId="28.[151,1159,1049,1135]" box="[151,266,1049,1073]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synonyms:</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F852FFCC7090FBBC789A5979" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCC7090FBBC7E095959" blockId="28.[151,1159,1049,1135]" box="[151,532,1079,1104]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB033316F852FFCC7090FBBC7E095959" box="[151,532,1079,1104]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC7090FBBC7D0F5946" ID-CoL="3NBP" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,274,1080,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7090FBBC7D0F5946" box="[151,274,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chiroderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sp.]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB23229F852FFCC7155FBB37E0D5959" author="Anderson, S." box="[338,528,1079,1104]" page="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC7155FBB37E0D5959" author="Anderson, S." box="[338,528,1079,1104]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref38092" refString="Anderson, S. (1960) Neotropical bats from Western Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 14, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1960">Anderson, 1960: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCC7090FBD3789A5979" blockId="28.[151,1159,1049,1135]" box="[151,1159,1110,1135]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC7090FBD37E805979" ID-CoL="86B7P" authority="Handley, 1966 a: 297" authorityName="Handley" authorityPageNumber="297" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,669,1110,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7090FBD37DDA5978" box="[151,455,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chiroderma salvini scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC71C9FBD27E805979" author="Handley Jr., C. O." box="[462,669,1110,1135]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="296 - 301" refId="ref41964" refString="Handley Jr., C. O. (1966 a) Descriptions of new bats (Chiroderma and Artibeus) from Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 36, 296 - 301." type="journal article" year="1966">Handley, 1966a:297</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A8AA9AF852FFCC72A0FBD37ECE5979" box="[679,723,1111,1135]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality “
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7333FBD27FDB5979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7333FBD27FDB5979" box="[820,966,1110,1135]" country="Mexico" name="Pueblo Juarez" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">Pueblo Juárez</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC73D6FBD278035979" box="[977,1054,1110,1135]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC742FFBD278665979" box="[1064,1147,1110,1135]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F852FFCC7090FB197FE75899" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCC7090FB197FE75899" blockId="28.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7090FB197D4159E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124534" collectingDate="1960-08-19" collectionCode="ALG" collectorName="Alfred L. Gardner" country="Mexican" county="Pueblo Juarez" location="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 338711" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colima" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7090FB197D5659A1" bold="true" box="[151,331,1180,1207]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type Material.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A8AA9AF852FFCC718EFB197DA459A1" box="[393,441,1181,1207]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC71E3FB197ED659A1" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[484,715,1181,1207]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC71E3FB197ED659A1" box="[484,715,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. salvini scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation, is specimen
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7485FB19792E59A1" box="[1154,1331,1181,1207]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USNM 338711</specimenCode>
|
||
, an adult female collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26E671EEF852FFCC7178FB457E5359CD" box="[383,590,1217,1243]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Alfred L. Gardner</collectorName>
|
||
(field number ALG 1565) in
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC73A1FB45785A59CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC73A1FB45785A59CD" box="[934,1095,1217,1243]" country="Mexican" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="Pueblo Juarez" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">Pueblo Juaréz</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC7452FB4578AA59CD" box="[1109,1207,1217,1243]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexican</collectingCountry>
|
||
state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC751AFB45796F59CD" box="[1309,1394,1217,1243]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on
|
||
<date id="FFAD32F8F852FFCC7090FB617D4559E9" box="[151,344,1253,1279]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1960-08-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE9CB10F852FFCC7090FB617D4559E9" box="[151,344,1253,1279]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1960-08-19">August 19, 1960</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7163FB617D8D59E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7163FB617D8D59E9" box="[356,400,1253,1279]" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">The</location>
|
||
specimen was previously stored in the
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7352FB617FD659E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7352FB617FD659E9" box="[853,971,1253,1279]" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="University" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">University</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC73F5FB61785159E9" box="[1010,1100,1253,1279]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
collection, under the number 7952.
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC70DAFA8D7D145835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC70DAFA8D7D145835" box="[221,265,1289,1315]" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">The</location>
|
||
material consists of a stuffed skin with skull and mandible separated.
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC741AFA8D78545835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC741AFA8D78545835" box="[1053,1097,1289,1315]" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">The</location>
|
||
skin is in good condition, and both pairs of facial stripes are visible.
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7243FAA97E6D5851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7243FAA97E6D5851" box="[580,624,1325,1351]" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">The</location>
|
||
median dorsal stripe is also visible and located immediately posterior to the nape and extending to the posterior extremity of the animal.
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC736BFAD57F85587D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC736BFAD57F85587D" box="[876,920,1361,1387]" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">The</location>
|
||
auditory bullae have separated from the skull and upper inner incisors are missing.
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC723DFAF17E7B5899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F852FFCC723DFAF17E7B5899" box="[570,614,1397,1423]" county="Pueblo Juarez" municipality="Mexican" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">The</location>
|
||
posterior palatine process is absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F852FFCC70C0FA1C79735A75" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCC70C0FA1C7EFF5B9D" blockId="28.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC70C0FA1C7DE158A5" bold="true" box="[199,508,1432,1459]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution and Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC729CFA1D7F3058A5" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[667,813,1433,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC729CFA1D7F3058A5" box="[667,813,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be restricted to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC740EFA1D787C58A5" box="[1033,1121,1433,1459]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
, west of the isthmus of Tehuantepec (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF852FFCC711EFA397D7658C1" box="[281,363,1469,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1500,1525]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,562,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,561,1475]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Collecting localities of the analyzed specimens of Chiroderma salvini and C. scopaeum. The locality numbers are referenced in the gazetteer (Appendix 1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017519/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species has been recorded in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC738CFA39781A58C1" box="[907,1031,1469,1495]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7414FA39787758C1" box="[1043,1130,1469,1495]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7471FA3978C658C1" box="[1142,1243,1469,1495]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Durango</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC74E1FA39792058C1" box="[1254,1341,1469,1495]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC754EFA39798558C1" box="[1353,1432,1469,1495]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7090FA657CF158ED" box="[151,236,1505,1531]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC70FDFA657D4F58ED" box="[250,338,1505,1531]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7167FA657DDD58ED" box="[352,448,1505,1531]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Morelos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC71C9FA657E2B58ED" box="[462,566,1505,1531]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7244FA657E8F58ED" box="[579,658,1505,1531]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7298FA657F1B58ED" box="[671,774,1505,1531]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7342FA657F8458ED" box="[837,921,1505,1531]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC73ADFA65784058ED" author="Anderson, S." box="[938,1117,1505,1531]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref38092" refString="Anderson, S. (1960) Neotropical bats from Western Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 14, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1960">Anderson 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC746CFA65790658ED" author="Handley Jr., C. O." box="[1131,1307,1505,1531]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="296 - 301" refId="ref41964" refString="Handley Jr., C. O. (1966 a) Descriptions of new bats (Chiroderma and Artibeus) from Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 36, 296 - 301." type="journal article" year="1966">Handley 1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC752EFA657CEB5B09" author="Crossin, R. S. & Soule, O. H. & Webb, R. G. & Baker, R. H." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="187 - 200" refId="ref39832" refString="Crossin, R. S., Soule, O. H., Webb, R. G. & Baker, R. H. (1973) Biotic relationships in the Canon Del Rio Mezquital, Durango, Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist, 18 (2), 187 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Crossin
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC758FFA667CA95B09" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC7106F9817E895B09" author="Alvarez, T. & Alvarez-Castaneda, S. T." box="[257,660,1541,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="169 - 182" refId="ref38012" refString="Alvarez, T. & Alvarez-Castaneda, S. T. (1996) Aspectos Biologicos y ecologicos de los murcielagos de Ixtapan del Oro, Mexico. In: Genoways, H. H. & Baker, R. J. (Eds.), Contributions in mammalogy: a memorial volume honoring J. Knox Jones, Jr. The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 169 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1996">Alvarez & Alvarez-Castañeda 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC7298F9817FCA5B09" author="Valiente-Banuet, A. & Rojas-Martinez, A. & Casas, A. & Arizmendi, M. & Davila, P." box="[671,983,1541,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="331 - 341" refId="ref48688" refString="Valiente-Banuet, A., Rojas-Martinez, A., Casas, A., Arizmendi, M. del C. & Davila, P. (1997) Pollination biology of two winterblooming giant columnar cacti in the Tehuacan Valley, central Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments, 37 (2), 331 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jare. 1997.0267" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Valiente-Banuet
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC735CF9827F895B09" box="[859,916,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC73EDF98178715B09" author="Hall, E. R." box="[1002,1132,1541,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref41791" refString="Hall, E. R. (1981) The mammals of North America. Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons, New York, xxx + 546 + 79 pp." type="book" year="1981">Hall (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC750CF98179815B09" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1291,1436,1541,1567]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC750CF98179815B09" box="[1291,1436,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would occur from western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC71CAF9AD7E3E5B55" box="[461,547,1577,1603]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC72E2F9AD7F7E5B55" box="[741,867,1577,1603]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and based on this distribution
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC74CCF9AD7CFF5B71" author="Reid, F. & Langtimm, C." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="299 - 302" refId="ref46186" refString="Reid, F. & Langtimm, C. (1993) Distributional and natural history notes for selected mammals from Costa Rica. The Southwestern Naturalist, 38 (3), 299 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3671441" type="journal article" year="1993">Reid & Langtimm (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified specimen USNM 565812 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC7299F9C97F9D5B71" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[670,896,1613,1639]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7299F9C97F9D5B71" box="[670,896,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. salvini scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The morphological characters of the specimen, however, have allowed us to identify it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC7277F9F57EC65B9D" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[624,731,1649,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7277F9F57EC65B9D" box="[624,731,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCC70C0F91179735A75" blockId="28.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC714DF9117DC15BB9" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[330,476,1685,1711]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC714DF9117DC15BB9" box="[330,476,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from areas dominated by tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, dry deciduous forests at higher elevations, and shrubby vegetation at lower elevations. Studies suggest that in the arid areas of western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC7113F9597D715BE1" box="[276,364,1757,1783]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species would be restricted to the more humid areas close to the Pacific coast and adjacent montane forests, and along the riparian forests in the canyons that cut through the Sierra Madre Occidental (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC7568F8857D385A29" author="Anderson, S." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref38092" refString="Anderson, S. (1960) Neotropical bats from Western Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 14, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1960">Anderson 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC7136F8A17D715A29" author="Anderson, S." box="[305,364,1829,1855]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="153 - 410" refId="ref38121" refString="Anderson, S. (1972) Mammals of Chihuahua: taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 148, 153 - 410." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC717EF8A17E4E5A29" author="Crossin, R. S. & Soule, O. H. & Webb, R. G. & Baker, R. H." box="[377,595,1829,1855]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="187 - 200" refId="ref39832" refString="Crossin, R. S., Soule, O. H., Webb, R. G. & Baker, R. H. (1973) Biotic relationships in the Canon Del Rio Mezquital, Durango, Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist, 18 (2), 187 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Crossin
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC71D0F8A27E0D5A29" box="[471,528,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC7267F8A1785D5A29" author="Garcia-Mendoza, D. F. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C." box="[608,1088,1829,1855]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="313 - 322" refId="ref40930" refString="Garcia-Mendoza, D. F. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C. (2013) A checklist of the mammals (Mammalia) from Durango, western Mexico. Check List, 9 (2), 313 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 9.2.313" type="journal article" year="2013">García-Mendoza & López-González 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All analyzed specimens were collected within the altitudinal range of the species as reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F852FFCC7379F8CD78205A72" author="Handley Jr., C. O." box="[894,1085,1865,1892]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="296 - 301" refId="ref41964" refString="Handley Jr., C. O. (1966 a) Descriptions of new bats (Chiroderma and Artibeus) from Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 36, 296 - 301." type="journal article" year="1966">Handley (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF852FFCC750CF8CD79775A75" box="[1291,1386,1865,1891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.722" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1722.0">1,722 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F852FFCE70C0F8E87E9A5CE1" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F852FFCD70C0F8E87FCD5C55" blockId="28.[151,1437,1180,2035]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,153,899]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC70C0F8E87E2D5A91" bold="true" box="[199,560,1900,1927]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description and Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal pelage varies from pale brown to dark brown. Most of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F852FFCC7501F8E979805A91" box="[1286,1437,1901,1927]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">38 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined had pale brown pelage (84.2%, n=32), whereas dark brown pelage was found in 15.8% (n=6). Individually, dorsal hairs are tricolored, with a dark brown base, buff middle band, and light to dark brown tips. The medial dorsal stripe was present in all specimens (n=34), but was weakly developed in 5.8% of the sample (n=2). Usually, the dorsal stripe extends from the interscapular region to the posterior extremity of the body, but in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F853FFCD7503FF1D79805DA5" box="[1284,1437,153,179]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
the stripe originated in the region immediately posterior to the nape. Both pairs of facial stripes are bright and wide (interocular stripe>
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF853FFCD717DFF657DCE5DED" box="[378,467,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The tragus and base of the ears are yellowish, as are the anterior and posterior margins of the ears close to the base. The remainder of the ear is brown. The spear of the noseleaf has a simple tip and is brown, except for the lateral margins of the horseshoe, which are whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F853FFCD70C0FEC97FB95F56" blockId="29.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The dimensions of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7222FEC97EAB5C71" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[549,694,333,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7222FEC97EAB5C71" box="[549,694,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD73BDFEC978275C71" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[954,1082,333,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD73BDFEC978275C71" box="[954,1082,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and there is also some overlap between the large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7163FEF57DE85C9D" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[356,501,369,395]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7163FEF57DE85C9D" box="[356,501,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD729DFEF57F435C9D" box="[666,862,369,395]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="vizottoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD729DFEF57F435C9D" box="[666,862,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. doriae vizottoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7392FEF5781C5C9D" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[917,1025,369,395]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7392FEF5781C5C9D" box="[917,1025,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F853FFCD7417FEF5786D5C9D" box="[1040,1136,369,395]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma salvini, C. scopaeum, C. doriae (including subspecies), C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum. See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tables 7</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F853FFCD74A0FEF578AA5C9D" box="[1191,1207,369,395]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1112,1136]" captionText="TABLE 8. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma improvisum and C. villosum (including subspecies). See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">8</tableCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view, the brain case is round and less massive than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7295FE117EE25CB9" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[658,767,405,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7295FE117EE25CB9" box="[658,767,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Approximately ⅓ of the length of the nasal notch extends behind the anterior margin of the orbits. The post-orbital constriction is relatively wide (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F853FFCD7470FE3D78D35CC5" box="[1143,1230,441,467]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma salvini, C. scopaeum, C. doriae (including subspecies), C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum. See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
); post-orbital processes are small and pointed. A sagittal crest was unambiguously present in 32 of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F853FFCD744EFE5978FD5CE1" box="[1097,1248,477,503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">38 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(84.2%), but not detected in 2 (5.2%), or ambiguous in 4 (10.5%). The posterior palatine process was absent in 32 of the 38 analyzed specimens (83.8%), but small or vestigial in the remaining 6 (16.2%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F853FFCD70C0FDCD7E585E01" blockId="29.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Out of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F853FFCD7112FDCC7DAD5F75" box="[277,432,584,611]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">35 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 30 (85.7%) had convergent I1s, with the tips touching each other; whereas, 5 had both incisors separated along their entire length. The P3 is approximately oval in occlusal outline and is not in contact with P4. The M2 has well defined main cusps, but lacks a posterolingual cingulum. The lower canine has a relatively low crown, below the level of the coronoid process in lateral view. The anterior cingulum of the lower canine projects rostro-medially and is visible in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF853FFCD7291FD5D7EF45FE5" box="[662,745,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1520,1545]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,921,1495]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[160,1426,921,1495]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lateral view of part of the right dentary of A) Chiroderma salvini (LSUMZ 25649—Panamá, Darién) and B) C. scopaeum (USNM 511378—México, Nayarit). The lower left canine was removed from the image." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). The p2 is small, approximately ¼ of the height of p4; and is longer than tall and does not touch p4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F853FFCD70C0FCA57F715E95" blockId="29.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7187FCA57DF35E2D" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[384,494,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7187FCA57DF35E2D" box="[384,494,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD71FAFCA57E8D5E2D" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[509,656,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD71FAFCA57E8D5E2D" box="[509,656,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by its smaller size, usually paler dorsal pelage (varying from pale brown to dark brown).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7270FCC17F155E49" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[631,776,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7270FCC17F155E49" box="[631,776,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a relatively broader post-orbital constriction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF853FFCD753CFCC179935E49" box="[1339,1422,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1883,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of Chiroderma salvini (USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of C. scopaeum (USNM 511379—México, Nayarit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017521/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), and rostro-medially projected cingula of lower canines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF853FFCD730CFCED7F425E95" box="[779,863,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1520,1545]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,921,1495]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[160,1426,921,1495]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lateral view of part of the right dentary of A) Chiroderma salvini (LSUMZ 25649—Panamá, Darién) and B) C. scopaeum (USNM 511378—México, Nayarit). The lower left canine was removed from the image." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F853FFCD7090FA74789A5B3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,250,1520,1545]" targetBox="[160,1426,921,1495]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F853FFCD7090FA74789A5B3B" blockId="29.[151,1437,1520,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7090FA747D3D5B1F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1520,1545]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of part of the right dentary of A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD72F9FA757FD95B1F" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[766,964,1521,1545]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD72F9FA757FD95B1F" box="[766,964,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUMZ 25649—Panamá, Darién) and B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7582FA757CE15B3A" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7582FA757CE15B3A" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 511378—México, Nayarit). The lower left canine was removed from the image.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F853FFCD70C0F9D87E9D5A3C" blockId="29.[151,1437,1627,2014]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD710BF9D87D905B63" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[268,397,1627,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD710BF9D87D905B63" box="[268,397,1627,1654]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD719BF9D87E335B63" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[412,558,1628,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD719BF9D87E335B63" box="[412,558,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated by its bicolored noseleaf and spear having a simple tip; paler ear margins; shorter nasal notch (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7275F9FB7ECC5B8F" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[626,721,1663,1689]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7275F9FB7ECC5B8F" box="[626,721,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the notch reaches the post-orbital processes); shorter orbits (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7090F9277CEB5BAB" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,246,1699,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7090F9277CEB5BAB" box="[151,246,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the anterior margin is in line with the middle of P4); I1s with convergent tips (usually parallel in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7566F9277CD95BF7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7566F9277CD95BF7" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); relatively short lower canine (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD724FF9437EBA5BF7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[584,679,1735,1761]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD724FF9437EBA5BF7" box="[584,679,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tip of the lower canine is at approximately the same level as the coronoid process); and absence of a frontal gap when cranium and mandible are in occlusion (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD74D5F96F792C5A13" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1234,1329,1771,1797]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD74D5F96F792C5A13" box="[1234,1329,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a frontal gap delimited by C, I1–2, and i1–2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F853FFCD70C0F8B77D3B5A83" blockId="29.[151,1437,1627,2014]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD717CF8B07E105A5B" box="[379,525,1843,1870]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD71BCF8B07E105A5B" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[443,525,1844,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD72A1F8B07F255A5B" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[678,824,1844,1870]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD72A1F8B07F255A5B" box="[678,824,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having pale buff pelage, and larger size (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F853FFCD7531F8B779935A58" box="[1334,1422,1843,1870]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma salvini, C. scopaeum, C. doriae (including subspecies), C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum. See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). The p2 of
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD710DF8DC7D855A67" box="[266,408,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7141F8DC7D855A67" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[326,408,1880,1905]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is larger, about ½ to ⅔ of the height of p4, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD73DBF8DC78715A67" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[988,1132,1880,1906]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD73DBF8DC78715A67" box="[988,1132,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p2 is approximately ¼ the height of p4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F853FFCE70C0F81A7DCD5CC5" blockId="29.[151,1437,1627,2014]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,153,1440]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD70C0F81A7EC85AAF" bold="true" box="[199,725,1950,1977]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Geographic Variation and Phylogeography.</emphasis>
|
||
A clade, here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD7411F824789B5AAF" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1046,1158,1952,1977]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD7411F824789B5AAF" box="[1046,1158,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, contains six specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF853FFCD70BFF8477D5D5ACB" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[184,320,1987,2013]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF853FFCD70BFF8477D5D5ACB" box="[184,320,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chiroderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which five were analyzed morphologically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF853FFCD736CF8477FDC5AC8" box="[875,961,1987,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1377,1402]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,464,1351]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,453,1353]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Phylogenetic relationships of Chiroderma salvini and C. scopaeum based on 24 sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Localities in parentheses are detailed in the gazetteer (Appendix 1). This subtree is a detailed version of the clades named “salvini” and “scopaeum” in figure 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017529/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The two specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F853FFCD74FAF847794E5ACB" box="[1277,1363,1987,2013]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
(TTU 109703 and TTU
|
||
<date id="FFAD32F8F850FFCE715BFF1D7DAC5DA2" box="[348,433,153,180]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="49-11-06">110649</date>
|
||
) are phenotypically similar to the taxon we defined here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7443FF1D795C5DA5" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1092,1345,153,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7443FF1D795C5DA5" box="[1092,1345,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiroderma scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F850FFCE7172FF397DD35DC1" box="[373,462,189,215]" name="Panama" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
(LSUMZ 25470),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F850FFCE72A0FF397F305DC1" box="[679,813,189,215]" name="El Salvador" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(TTU 62462), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F850FFCE7408FF3978955DC1" box="[1039,1160,189,215]" name="Guatemala" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
(ROM 99703) have the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE71B7FF657E915DED" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[432,652,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE71B7FF657E915DED" box="[432,652,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimens morphologically diagnosed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE74A9FF6578E45DED" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1198,1273,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE74A9FF6578E45DED" box="[1198,1273,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that nested in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE70C7FE827D2D5C09" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[192,304,262,287]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE70C7FE827D2D5C09" box="[192,304,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade may represent a case of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), a relatively common phenomenon in recently-diverged taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE71A6FEAD7EC25C52" author="Maddison, W. P. & Knowles, L. L." box="[417,735,297,324]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="21 - 30" refId="ref44419" refString="Maddison, W. P. & Knowles, L. L. (2006) Inferring phylogeny despite incomplete lineage sorting. Systematic Biology, 55 (1), 21 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150500354928" type="journal article" year="2006">Maddison & Knowles 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To test the ILS hypothesis between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7485FEAD78F35C55" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1154,1262,297,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7485FEAD78F35C55" box="[1154,1262,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7523FEAD7CA45C71" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7523FEAD7CA45C71" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we recommend increasing the genetic sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE72F1FEC97F635C71" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[758,894,333,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE72F1FEC97F635C71" box="[758,894,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiroderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F850FFCE7423FEC978615C71" box="[1060,1148,333,359]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and obtaining additional genomic information such as single nucleotide polymorphisms. Also, it is important to note that no specimens, morphologically diagnosed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE71ECFE127E465CB9" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[491,603,406,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE71ECFE127E465CB9" box="[491,603,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are nested in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7326FE117F715CB9" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[801,876,405,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7326FE117F715CB9" box="[801,876,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, which contains sequences from Central and South American specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE70C0FE587E9A5CE1" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1440]" box="[199,647,476,503]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE70C0FE587D525CE1" bold="true" box="[199,335,476,503]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Subspecies.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7151FE597DFA5CE1" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[342,487,477,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7151FE597DFA5CE1" box="[342,487,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F850FFCE70C0FD857EAD58B6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE70C0FD857E095FD9" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1440]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE70C0FD857D265F0D" bold="true" box="[199,315,513,539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7144FD857E1E5F0A" author="Anderson, S." box="[323,515,513,540]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref38092" refString="Anderson, S. (1960) Neotropical bats from Western Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 14, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1960">Anderson (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned a record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7308FD857F8A5F0D" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[783,919,513,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7308FD857F8A5F0D" box="[783,919,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiroderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE73D9FD8578475F0D" box="[990,1114,513,539]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F850FFCE74C1FD8579035F0D" box="[1222,1310,513,539]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
, that at the time would considerably increase the known distribution of the genus, suggesting an undescribed species for the region. Based on a larger sample size,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7251FDCD7F0B5F72" author="Handley Jr., C. O." box="[598,790,585,612]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="296 - 301" refId="ref41964" refString="Handley Jr., C. O. (1966 a) Descriptions of new bats (Chiroderma and Artibeus) from Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 36, 296 - 301." type="journal article" year="1966">Handley (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7447FDCD79885F75" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1088,1429,585,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7447FDCD79885F75" box="[1088,1429,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiroderma salvini scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, then considered a smaller variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE723EFDE97EE45F91" authority="salvini" authorityName="salvini: Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[569,761,621,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE723EFDE97EE45F91" box="[569,761,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. salvini salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In this study, we consider the morphological, genetic, and biogeographic evidence as sufficiently strong to treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE72FBFD167F715FBD" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[764,876,658,683]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE72FBFD167F715FBD" box="[764,876,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE749AFD1578F55FBD" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1181,1256,657,683]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE749AFD1578F55FBD" box="[1181,1256,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, instead of as a geographic variant, or subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE70C0FD5D7E775EB1" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1440]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE70C0FD5D7D905FE5" bold="true" box="[199,397,728,755]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Information on the diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE72C2FD5D7F4A5FE5" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[709,855,729,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE72C2FD5D7F4A5FE5" box="[709,855,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is scarce. In Tahuacán,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE746DFD5D78A45FE5" box="[1130,1209,729,755]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
, one individual was observed visiting the flowers of the columnar cactus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE72E2FD79789A5E0E" box="[741,1159,765,792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pachycereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE72E2FD797FDB5E01" box="[741,966,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pachycereus weberi</emphasis>
|
||
(Pachyceraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the bat was not covered in pollen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7144FCA57E625E2D" author="Valiente-Banuet, A. & Rojas-Martinez, A. & Casas, A. & Arizmendi, M. & Davila, P." box="[323,639,801,827]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="331 - 341" refId="ref48688" refString="Valiente-Banuet, A., Rojas-Martinez, A., Casas, A., Arizmendi, M. del C. & Davila, P. (1997) Pollination biology of two winterblooming giant columnar cacti in the Tehuacan Valley, central Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments, 37 (2), 331 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jare. 1997.0267" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Valiente-Banuet
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7205FCA67E295E2D" box="[514,564,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE72B4FCA57F175E2D" box="[691,778,801,827]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7310FCA57FB55E2D" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[791,936,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7310FCA57FB55E2D" box="[791,936,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was captured in mist nets set under fruiting fig trees. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE7127FCC17D725E49" box="[288,367,837,863]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
, mist nets over a stream and under a canopy formed by wild figs and other trees also caught
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7584FCC17D1A5E95" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7584FCC17D1A5E95" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE711FFCED7DC25E95" author="Jones Jr., J. K. & Choate, J. R. & Cadena, A." box="[280,479,873,899]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref42615" refString="Jones Jr., J. K., Choate, J. R. & Cadena, A. (1972) Mammals from the Mexican state of Sinaloa. II. Chiroptera. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas, 6, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7166FCEE7D865E95" box="[353,411,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE71EBFCED7ED25E95" author="Watkins, L. & Jones Jr., J. K. & Genoways, H. H." box="[492,719,873,899]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref49154" refString="Watkins, L., Jones Jr., J. K. & Genoways, H. H. (1972) Bats of Jalisco, Mexico. Museum of Texas Tech University Special Publications 1. Museum of Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, 44 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 146912" type="book" year="1972">
|
||
Watkins
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7257FCEE7E975E95" box="[592,650,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens have been captured in altered landscapes, such as cornfields (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7111FC097E435EB1" author="Almazan-Catalan, J. A. & Taboada-Salgado, A. & Sanchez-Hernandez, C. & Romero-Almaraz, M. L. & Jimenez-Salmeron, Y. Q. & Guerrero Ibarra, E." box="[278,606,909,935]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="177 - 185" refId="ref37820" refString="Almazan-Catalan, J. A., Taboada-Salgado, A., Sanchez-Hernandez, C., Romero-Almaraz, M. L., Jimenez-Salmeron, Y. Q. & Guerrero Ibarra, E. (2009) Registros de murcielagos para el estado de Guerrero, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana, New Series, 25 (1), 177 - 185." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Almazán-Catalán
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE71E5FC0A7E065EB1" box="[482,539,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE70C0FC357E72594D" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1440]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Summarizing data from the literature, along with the specimens we examined,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE743BFC3578D05EDD" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1084,1229,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE743BFC3578D05EDD" box="[1084,1229,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be seasonally polyestrous. Pregnancies occurred in January (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE72FAFC517F4B5EE6" box="[765,854,981,1008]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
), February (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE73E7FC51782F5EE6" box="[992,1074,981,1008]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
), and June (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE74BEFC51791A5EF9" box="[1209,1287,981,1007]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE7538FC5179885EE6" box="[1343,1429,981,1008]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7098FC7D7D785905" author="Jones Jr., J. K. & Choate, J. R. & Cadena, A." box="[159,357,1017,1043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref42615" refString="Jones Jr., J. K., Choate, J. R. & Cadena, A. (1972) Mammals from the Mexican state of Sinaloa. II. Chiroptera. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas, 6, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE70E0FC7E7D3C5905" box="[231,289,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7176FC7D7E4E5905" author="Watkins, L. & Jones Jr., J. K. & Genoways, H. H." box="[369,595,1017,1043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref49154" refString="Watkins, L., Jones Jr., J. K. & Genoways, H. H. (1972) Bats of Jalisco, Mexico. Museum of Texas Tech University Special Publications 1. Museum of Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, 44 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 146912" type="book" year="1972">
|
||
Watkins
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE71D2FC7E7E125905" box="[469,527,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lactating females have been found in May (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE7466FC7D78DF5902" box="[1121,1218,1017,1044]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Morelos</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and June (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE7541FC7D79815905" box="[1350,1436,1017,1043]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE70C1FB997D09592E" box="[198,276,1053,1080]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE712DFB997E155921" author="Watkins, L. & Jones Jr., J. K. & Genoways, H. H." box="[298,520,1053,1079]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref49154" refString="Watkins, L., Jones Jr., J. K. & Genoways, H. H. (1972) Bats of Jalisco, Mexico. Museum of Texas Tech University Special Publications 1. Museum of Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, 44 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 146912" type="book" year="1972">
|
||
Watkins
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE718AFB9A7DD85921" box="[397,453,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females noted as non-reproductive were recorded in July (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE74A0FB99793B5921" box="[1191,1318,1053,1079]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7528FB997CCD594D" author="Anderson, S." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="153 - 410" refId="ref38121" refString="Anderson, S. (1972) Mammals of Chihuahua: taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 148, 153 - 410." type="journal article" year="1972">Anderson 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and August (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE716AFBC57DD8594D" box="[365,453,1089,1115]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE71C8FBC57E7F594D" author="Wilson, D. E." box="[463,610,1089,1115]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="317 - 378" refId="ref49432" refString="Wilson, D. E. (1979) Reproductive patterns. In: Baker, J. R., Jones Jr., J. K. & Carter, D. C. (Eds.), Biology of the bats of the New World Family Phyllostomatidae. Part III. Museum of Texas Tech University Special Publications 16. Museum of Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 317 - 378." type="book chapter" year="1979">Wilson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE70C0FBE07EAD58B6" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1440]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE70C0FBE07DD85969" bold="true" box="[199,453,1124,1151]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Specimens Examined</emphasis>
|
||
(N = 35):
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE723AFBE0781E5996" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124462" box="[573,1027,1124,1152]" collectionCode="TTU" collectorName="La Sidra" country="Mexico" location="La Sidra" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="TTU 61623" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE723AFBE07E895969" bold="true" box="[573,660,1124,1151]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F850FFCE723AFBE07E895969" box="[573,660,1124,1151]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE72A4FBE17EE85969" box="[675,757,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE72A4FBE17EE85969" box="[675,757,1125,1151]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE7304FBE17F7E5969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE7304FBE17F7E5969" box="[771,867,1125,1151]" country="Mexico" name="La Sidra" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Colima">La Sidra</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7375FBE17FE65996" box="[882,1019,1125,1152]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TTU 61623</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE7408FBE17D9B59B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124560" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Pueblo Juarez" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 338711" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colima" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE7408FBE178B65969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE7408FBE178B65969" box="[1039,1195,1125,1151]" country="Mexico" name="Pueblo Juarez" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Colima">Pueblo Juárez</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE74BDFBE1797A5969" box="[1210,1383,1125,1151]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 338711</specimenCode>
|
||
[holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7105FB0E7D6F59B5" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[258,370,1162,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7105FB0E7D6F59B5" box="[258,370,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE7194FB0D7FE859B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124581" box="[403,1013,1160,1187]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Mexico" location="Jalisco" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="AMNH 254647" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jalisco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7194FB0D7DFF59B5" box="[403,482,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE7194FB0D7DFF59B5" box="[403,482,1161,1187]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE71F7FB0D7F3459B5" box="[496,809,1161,1187]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE71F7FB0D7E2B59B5" box="[496,566,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Talpa de Allende
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7330FB0D7FF059B5" box="[823,1005,1160,1187]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">AMNH 254647</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE7407FB0D797359B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124641" box="[1024,1390,1161,1187]" collectionCode="TTU" country="Mexico" location="Chapala" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="TTU 38049" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jalisco">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE7407FB0D78CD59B5" box="[1024,1232,1161,1187]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE7407FB0D785059B5" box="[1024,1101,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="9.3">9.3 km</quantity>
|
||
W Chapala
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE74DAFB0D797B59B5" box="[1245,1382,1161,1187]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TTU 38049</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE757EFB0D7E7159D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124523" collectionCode="TTU" country="Mexico" location="Autlan de Navarro" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="TTU 109703" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jalisco">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE757EFB0D7DDC59D1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE757EFB0D7CA659D1" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="6.4">6.4 km</quantity>
|
||
NW Autlán de Navarro
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE71C9FB297E7959D1" box="[462,612,1197,1223]" collectionCode="TTU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1bj5-0jrh" name="Texas Tech University, Museum" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TTU 109703</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE7271FB297F8F59D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124587" box="[630,914,1197,1223]" collectionCode="TTU" country="Mexico" location="La Cumbre" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="TTU 40987" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jalisco">
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE7271FB297EE959D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE7271FB297EE959D1" box="[630,756,1197,1223]" country="Mexico" name="La Cumbre" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Jalisco">La Cumbre</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7306FB297F9759D1" box="[769,906,1197,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TTU 40987</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE739BFB29792B59D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124674" box="[924,1334,1196,1223]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Oaxtepec" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 559607" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morelos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE739BFB297FE559D1" box="[924,1016,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE739BFB297FE559D1" box="[924,1016,1197,1223]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Morelos</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE7402FB29787259D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE7402FB29787259D1" box="[1029,1135,1197,1223]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxtepec" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Morelos">Oaxtepec</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE747BFB29793359D1" box="[1148,1326,1196,1223]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 559607</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE7547FB2A78B159FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124477" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Nayarit" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 559608-559613" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7547FB2A798B59D1" box="[1344,1430,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE7547FB2A798B59D1" box="[1344,1430,1198,1223]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE7090FB557E2959FD" box="[151,564,1233,1259]" location="San Miguel del Zapote" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE7090FB557CE859FD" box="[151,245,1233,1259]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="12.9">12.9 km</quantity>
|
||
NE San Miguel del Zapote
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE7247FB547F6059FD" box="[576,893,1232,1259]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE7247FB547E8359FD" box="[576,670,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="51.5">51.5 km</quantity>
|
||
W Mesa del Nayar
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7389FB5578B959FD" box="[910,1188,1232,1259]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 559608–559613</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE74BFFB557D205806" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124421" collectingDate="49-11-06" collectionCode="TTU" country="Mexico" location="San Blas" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="TTU 110649" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE74BFFB55798159FD" box="[1208,1436,1233,1259]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE74BFFB55791C59FD" box="[1208,1281,1233,1259]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
NE San Blas
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7098FB717D285806" box="[159,309,1269,1296]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TTU 110649</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE714FFB707F205819" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124561" box="[328,829,1268,1295]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="El Venado" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 559614, 559615" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE714FFB707E0E5819" box="[328,531,1268,1295]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE714FFB707D9C5819" box="[328,385,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
E El Venado
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7226FB717ECF5819" box="[545,722,1268,1295]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 559614</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE72DBFB707F295819" box="[732,820,1268,1295]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">559615</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE734FFB7178AB5806" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124540" box="[840,1206,1269,1296]" collectionCode="TTU" country="Mexico" location="San Blas" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="TTU 6122" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE734FFB7178385819" box="[840,1061,1269,1295]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE734FFB717FB95819" box="[840,932,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="12.9">12.9 km</quantity>
|
||
E San Blas
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7434FB7178B35806" box="[1075,1198,1269,1296]" collectionCode="TTU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1bj5-0jrh" name="Texas Tech University, Museum" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TTU 6122</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE74C7FB717EEC5825" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124713" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Arroyo La Taberna" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 511374-511377" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE74C7FB7179845819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE74C7FB7179845819" box="[1216,1433,1269,1295]" country="Mexico" name="Arroyo La Taberna" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Nayarit">Arroyo La Taberna</location>
|
||
,,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE70A2FA9D7DD45825" box="[165,457,1305,1331]" location="Mesa del Nayar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE70A2FA9D7CEE5825" box="[165,243,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="3.2">3.2 km</quantity>
|
||
W Mesa del Nayar
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE71DFFA9D7EF75825" box="[472,746,1304,1331]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 511374–511377</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE72FBFA9D79735825" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124648" box="[764,1390,1304,1332]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Coapan" country="Mexico" location="Coapan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 511380-511382" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE72FBFA9D7FFB5822" box="[764,998,1305,1332]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE72FBFA9D7F575825" box="[764,842,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="2.9">2.9 km</quantity>
|
||
NE (by road)
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE73F6FA9D785A5825" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE73F6FA9D785A5825" box="[1009,1095,1305,1331]" country="Mexico" name="Coapan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Nayarit">Coapan</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7452FA9D797A5825" box="[1109,1383,1304,1331]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 511380–511382</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE757EFA9D7E635841" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124506" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="El Tacote" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 508636" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE757EFA9D7D59584E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE757EFA9D7CA65841" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="2.3">2.3 km</quantity>
|
||
N (by road)
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE7148FAB97DAA5841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE7148FAB97DAA5841" box="[335,439,1341,1367]" country="Mexico" name="El Tacote" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Nayarit">El Tacote</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE71C2FAB97E685841" box="[453,629,1340,1367]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 508636</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE728FFAB9789E5841" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124718" box="[648,1155,1340,1367]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Jalcotoan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 523258, 523259" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF850FFCE728FFAB97F415841" box="[648,860,1341,1367]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE728FFAB97EC85841" box="[648,725,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="3.2">3.2 km</quantity>
|
||
E Jalcotoán
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE736EFAB978055841" box="[873,1048,1340,1367]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 523258</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7425FAB878675841" box="[1058,1146,1340,1367]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">523259</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE748AFAB97D45586D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124655" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Mesa del Nayar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 511378, 511379" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE748AFAB979215841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE748AFAB979215841" box="[1165,1340,1341,1367]" country="Mexico" name="Mesa del Nayar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Nayarit">Mesa del Nayar</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE754DFAB97CF0586D" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 511378</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE70FFFAE47D52586D" box="[248,335,1376,1403]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">511379</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE7165FAE57EC1586D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124372" box="[354,732,1376,1403]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Playa Novillero" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 553885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit">
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE7165FAE57E0E586D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE7165FAE57E0E586D" box="[354,531,1377,1403]" country="Mexico" name="Playa Novillero" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Nayarit">Playa Novillero</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7226FAE57EC9586D" box="[545,724,1376,1403]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 553885</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE72E0FAE5793B586A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124521" box="[743,1318,1377,1404]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Mexico" location="30 km NW Sala de Veja" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="AMNH 190006" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE72E0FAE57F23586D" box="[743,830,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE72E0FAE57F23586D" box="[743,830,1377,1403]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE734BFAE57844586D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE734BFAE57844586D" box="[844,1113,1377,1403]" country="Mexico" name="30 km NW Sala de Veja" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF850FFCE734BFAE57F8E586D" box="[844,915,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
NW Sala de Veja
|
||
</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE7460FAE57902586A" box="[1127,1311,1377,1404]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">AMNH 190006</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F850FFCE7535FAE67EB058B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124522" collectionCode="TTU" country="Mexico" location="Ojo de Agua del Rio Atoyac" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="TTU 9996-9999" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7535FAE67981586D" box="[1330,1436,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF850FFCE7535FAE67985586D" box="[1330,1432,1378,1403]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F850FFCE7090FA017DC95889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF852FFCE7090FC517EAD58B6:8ECC42E3F850FFCE7090FA017DC95889" box="[151,468,1413,1439]" country="Mexico" name="Ojo de Agua del Rio Atoyac" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Veracruz">Ojo de Agua del Rio Atoyac</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F850FFCE71E5FA017EB858B6" box="[482,677,1413,1440]" collectionCode="TTU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1bj5-0jrh" name="Texas Tech University, Museum" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TTU 9996–9999</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |