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<document id="0097251FE29D20F92F4D52B050713B21" ID-CLB-Dataset="32770" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4282.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22ea29f7-981d-4151-aea9-4368dd306c09" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="828016" ID-ZooBank="6BD20567-2071-433F-8AE0-AE4A780B612B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500107361044" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pieper, H., Olson, Storrs L., Pereira, F. &amp; Alcover, J. A." docDate="2017" docId="03A58797FFBB0D05FF35F656FA7DE971" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4282.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4282 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pinicola pyrrhula Pieper, Olson, Pereira &amp; Alcover, 2017, n.sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="574" masterDocId="FF9CFFEFFFBF0D02FFA2F726FFE1EE37" masterDocTitle="A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="567" pageNumber="571" updateTime="1698465043119" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="881349DAC8F6C59870B9C5776E922D9D">A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2856C19CD1B0504CD453372973FDE29A">Pieper, H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="228059AFE1D01B3A8E823F742D61AA48">Olson, Storrs L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4329D09ECEE586E1D34F7C1F7939EF9">Pereira, F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B1924BAA9D25F89290F58E59FE62A7C7">Alcover, J. A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A58797FFBB0D05FF35F656FA7DE971" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029779" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132548441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A58797FFBB0D05FF35F656FA7DE971" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A58797FFBB0D05FF35F656FA7DE971" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="574" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
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<paragraph id="8BB33681FFBB0D06FF35F656FE7BEFBC" blockId="4.[151,809,368,429]" box="[151,410,368,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<heading id="D0FB81EDFFBB0D06FF35F656FE7BEFBC" bold="true" box="[151,410,368,395]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FF35F656FE7BEFBC" bold="true" box="[151,410,368,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FF35F656FEB9EFBD" bold="true" box="[151,344,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FF35F656FEE5EFBD" ID-CoL="767K" box="[151,260,368,394]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">Pyrrhula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FEA9F656FEB9EFBD" box="[267,344,368,394]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">crassa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFBB0D06FEFDF657FE7BEFBC" box="[351,410,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BB33681FFBB0D06FF35F6B2FCC8EF9B" blockId="4.[151,809,368,429]" box="[151,809,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
(
<figureCitation id="13372A04FFBB0D06FF3CF6B2FEEBEF9B" box="[158,266,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,807,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. PremaXilla and mandible of Pyrrhula crassa n. sp. (A; MCMa 2003.016 holotype, A`; MCMa 2002.016, reVersed), P. murina (B, B`; SPEA- 140) and P. pyrrhula (C; LARC- 2328, C`; CIPA- 1570). From top to bottom: dorsal, Ventral and lateral VieWs. Quadrate of P. crassa n. sp. (D; MCMa 1998.016), P. pyrrhula (E; CIPA- 1570), and Fringilla coelebs (F; IMEDEA 12518). Lateral VieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">FIgureS 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13372A04FFBB0D06FEB5F6B2FEC6EF9B" box="[279,295,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,198,1794]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Coracoid, humerus and carpometacarpus of Pyrrhula crassa n. sp. (A), P. murina (B) and P. pyrrhula (C). From top to bottom: left coracoid dorsal VieW, left humerus caudal VieW and right carpometacarpus Ventral VieW. Right tibiotarsus of P. crassa n. sp. (A`), P. murina (B`) and P. pyrrhula (C`), cranial VieW. From top to bottom (A): MCMa 2010.016, MCMa 1998.016, MCMa 2009.016; (B): SPEA- 120; (C): CIPA 2057, CIPA 1570, CIPA 2328. (A`): MCMa 1998.016; (B`): SPEA- 120; (C`): LARC 2328." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828024/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13372A04FFBB0D06FE91F6B2FEA2EF9A" box="[307,323,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1542,1564]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,193,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. A: Skull and mandible, lateral VieW. From top to bottom: Pyrrhula pyrrhula, LARC 2328; P. murina, SPEA 120; P. crassa n. sp., based on premaXilla MCMa 2006.016 and mandible MCMa 2002.016. The missing parts haVe been added using the equiValent parts of P. murina. Scale = 1 cm. B: From top to bottom: aspect of eXtant P. pyrrhula; P. murina; and possible aspect in life of P. crassa n. sp. (colours are speculatiVe). Art by Pau OliVer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828026/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">5</figureCitation>
, and Supplementary fIgureS In AppendIX 2)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316650AFFBB0D06FF35F6FAFBA5ECC4" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFBB0D06FF35F6FAFB14EC0A" blockId="4.[151,1436,476,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FF35F6FAFE3CEFC2" bold="true" box="[151,477,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">Holotype. MCMa 2002.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary mandIble, wIth a near Complete rIght half, wIthout proCeSSuS medIalIS mandIbulae and a fragment of the proCeSSuS CoronoIdeuS, and the left ramuS mandIbulae broken (
<figureCitation id="13372A04FFBB0D06FAA3F526FA85EC2F" box="[1281,1380,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,807,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. PremaXilla and mandible of Pyrrhula crassa n. sp. (A; MCMa 2003.016 holotype, A`; MCMa 2002.016, reVersed), P. murina (B, B`; SPEA- 140) and P. pyrrhula (C; LARC- 2328, C`; CIPA- 1570). From top to bottom: dorsal, Ventral and lateral VieWs. Quadrate of P. crassa n. sp. (D; MCMa 1998.016), P. pyrrhula (E; CIPA- 1570), and Fringilla coelebs (F; IMEDEA 12518). Lateral VieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">FIgure 3</figureCitation>
A`). ColleCted by E. TorreS, J.C. Illera, J.C. Rando, H. PIeper, O. Runze &amp; J.A. AlCover, 20
<date id="FFB21041FFBB0D06FBD2F502FB10EC0A" box="[1136,1265,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" value="2015-06-24">24.06.2015</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFBB0D06FF65F561FB1DECB3" blockId="4.[151,1436,476,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FF65F561FE86EC57" bold="true" box="[199,359,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<typeStatus id="54B78823FFBB0D06FF65F561FEE3EC57" box="[199,258,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Furna do CalCInhaS, Small Cave (
<quantity id="4CF49B64FFBB0D06FD46F561FCD4EC68" box="[740,821,583,608]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" unit="m" value="22.5">22.5 m</quantity>
length,
<quantity id="4CF49B64FFBB0D06FC30F56EFC5EEC68" box="[914,959,584,607]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
wIde,
<quantity id="4CF49B64FFBB0D06FBAFF561FBAFEC68" box="[1037,1102,583,608]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" unit="m" value="3.5">3.5 m</quantity>
maXImum heIght) SItuated at
<quantity id="4CF49B64FFBB0D06FF35F54AFF3FECB3" box="[151,222,620,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
a.S.l. InSIde the CaldeIra volCano, SoutheaStern portIon of
<collectingCountry id="F31B7611FFBB0D06FCCAF54AFC75ECB2" box="[872,916,620,645]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">Ilha</collectingCountry>
da GraCIoSa,
<collectingRegion id="49C8F863FFBB0D06FB8CF54AFB9CECB3" box="[1070,1149,620,644]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">AzoreS</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="13372A04FFBB0D06FB2EF54AFB0AECB3" box="[1164,1259,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1099,1121]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,220,1055]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,220,1055]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geographic position of Macaronesia in eastern Atlantic Ocean, shoWing the Azores Archipelago and the location of Furna do Calcinhas (spot) inside Caldeira Volcano in Graciosa Island." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">FIgure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFBB0D06FF65F5A9FBA5ECC4" blockId="4.[151,1436,476,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FF65F5A9FED1EC9F" bold="true" box="[199,304,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">Horizon.</emphasis>
HoloCene. The CaldeIra volCano IS 12,000 yearS old (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B70FFBB0D06FC32F5B6FB83EC9F" author="Franca" box="[912,1122,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" refString="Franca, Z., Cruz, J. V., Nunes, J. C. &amp; Forjaz, V. H. (2003) Geologia dos Acores: uma perspectiVa actual. Acoreana, 10, 11 - 140." type="journal article" year="2003">
<collectingCountry id="F31B7611FFBB0D06FC32F5B6FC3FEC9F" box="[912,990,656,680]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">França</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FC44F5B7FBFFEC9F" box="[998,1054,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
), So the materIalS InSIde the Cave are neCeSSarIly younger. The remaInS of a
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FD11F592FCF9ECFB" box="[691,792,692,716]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Fringilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FD11F592FCF9ECFB" box="[691,792,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">Fringilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
obtaIned In the Same SedImentary unIt
<collectingCountry id="F31B7611FFBB0D06FB75F592FB0FECFB" box="[1239,1262,692,716]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">aS</collectingCountry>
the materIal of the new SpeCIeS yIelded a 14C age of 3029±31BP (1400-1190 Cal BC; RICH-21754).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF736609FFBB0D06FF35F06BFE90E9F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" targetBox="[151,1436,807,1847]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFBB0D06FF35F06BFE90E9F0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1869,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FF35F06BFEF3E954" bold="true" box="[151,274,1869,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
PremaXilla and mandible of
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FD96F06BFD36E954" box="[564,727,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FD96F06BFD6EE954" box="[564,655,1869,1891]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">Pyrrhula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FD37F068FD36E954" box="[661,727,1870,1891]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">crassa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFBB0D06FD7FF06BFCF1E954" box="[733,784,1869,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FD7FF06BFCF1E954" bold="true" box="[733,784,1869,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">n.sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A; MCMa 2003.016 holotype, A`; MCMa 2002.016, reVersed),
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FF35F056FF19E9B2" box="[151,248,1904,1925]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FF35F056FF19E9B2" box="[151,248,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B, B`; SPEA-140) and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FE4DF056FD81E9B3" box="[495,608,1902,1925]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FE4DF056FD81E9B3" box="[495,608,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C; LARC- 2328, C`; CIPA-1570). From top to bottom: dorsal, Ventral and lateral VieWs. Quadrate of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FEC7F0B7FE22E991" box="[357,451,1937,1958]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FEC7F0B7FE22E991" box="[357,451,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">P. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFBB0D06FE6EF0B6FE1EE991" box="[460,511,1936,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FE6EF0B6FE1EE991" bold="true" box="[460,511,1936,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">n.sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(D; MCMa 1998.016),
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FD5EF0B7FC91E991" box="[764,880,1936,1958]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FD5EF0B7FC91E991" box="[764,880,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E; CIPA-1570), and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBB0D06FBFBF0B6FAE8E991" box="[1113,1289,1936,1958]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Fringilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelebs">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBB0D06FBFBF0B6FAE8E991" box="[1113,1289,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="571">Fringilla coelebs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F; IMEDEA 12518). Lateral VieW.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF736609FFBA0D07FF35F016FE64E9F6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" targetBox="[151,1436,198,1794]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFBA0D07FF35F016FE64E9F6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1840,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FF35F016FEF5E971" bold="true" box="[151,276,1840,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Coracoid, humerus and carpometacarpus of
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FD40F016FC66E971" box="[738,903,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBA0D07FD40F016FCDCE971" box="[738,829,1840,1862]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">Pyrrhula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBA0D07FCE7F017FC66E971" box="[837,903,1841,1862]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">crassa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFBA0D07FC2CF016FC20E971" box="[910,961,1840,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FC2CF016FC20E971" bold="true" box="[910,961,1840,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">n.sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A),
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBA0D07FC58F017FBBCE971" box="[1018,1117,1841,1862]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FC58F017FBBCE971" box="[1018,1117,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B) and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBA0D07FB19F017FACCE971" box="[1211,1325,1840,1862]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FB19F017FACCE971" box="[1211,1325,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C). From top to bottom: left coracoid dorsal VieW, left humerus caudal VieW and right carpometacarpus Ventral VieW. Right tibiotarsus of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBA0D07FF35F048FF14E9B4" box="[151,245,1902,1923]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FF35F048FF14E9B4" box="[151,245,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">P. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFBA0D07FF5CF04BFED1E9B4" box="[254,304,1901,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FF5CF04BFED1E9B4" bold="true" box="[254,304,1901,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">n.sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A`),
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBA0D07FED6F048FE38E9B4" box="[372,473,1902,1923]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FED6F048FE38E9B4" box="[372,473,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B`) and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFBA0D07FDE6F048FD56E9B4" box="[580,695,1901,1923]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFBA0D07FDE6F048FD56E9B4" box="[580,695,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="572">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C`), cranial VieW. From top to bottom (A): MCMa 2010.016, MCMa 1998.016, MCMa 2009.016; (B): SPEA-120; (C): CIPA 2057, CIPA 1570, CIPA 2328. (A`): MCMa 1998.016; (B`): SPEA- 120; (C`): LARC 2328.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF736609FFB90D04FF35F120FC70E84F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828026/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" targetBox="[151,1410,193,1520]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB90D04FF35F120FC70E84F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1542,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FF35F120FEF3E82B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1542,1564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
A: Skull and mandible, lateral VieW. From top to bottom:
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FCFAF120FBF1E82B" box="[856,1040,1542,1564]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhula" subSpecies="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FCFAF120FBF1E82B" box="[856,1040,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">Pyrrhula pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LARC 2328;
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FB07F121FAE6E82B" box="[1189,1287,1543,1564]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FB07F121FAE6E82B" box="[1189,1287,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SPEA 120;
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FA2BF121FF38E80C" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FA2BF121FF38E80C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">P. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFB90D04FF42F102FEF2E80D" box="[224,275,1572,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FF42F102FEF2E80D" bold="true" box="[224,275,1572,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">n.sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, based on premaXilla MCMa 2006.016 and mandible MCMa 2002.016. The missing parts haVe been added using the equiValent parts of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FE26F162FE06E86E" box="[388,487,1604,1625]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FE26F162FE06E86E" box="[388,487,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale = 1 cm. B: From top to bottom: aspect of eXtant
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FB88F162FB7DE86E" box="[1066,1180,1603,1625]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FB88F162FB7DE86E" box="[1066,1180,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FB09F162FAEFE86E" box="[1195,1294,1604,1625]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FB09F162FAEFE86E" box="[1195,1294,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and possible aspect in life of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FE98F145FE74E84F" box="[314,405,1635,1656]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FE98F145FE74E84F" box="[314,405,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">P. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFB90D04FE39F145FE2BE84F" box="[411,458,1635,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(colours are speculatiVe). Art by Pau OliVer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C316650AFFB90D04FF65F182FE96E88A" box="[199,375,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB90D04FF65F182FE96E88A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,2013]" box="[199,375,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FF65F182FEF7E88A" bold="true" box="[199,278,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">Status.</emphasis>
EXtInCt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316650AFFB90D04FF65F1EEFA9BE91E" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB90D04FF65F1EEFEEFE932" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FF65F1EEFEAFE8D6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1736,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">Etymology.</emphasis>
From LatIn,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB90D04FE49F1EFFDD5E8D7" box="[491,564,1737,1760]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FE49F1EFFDD5E8D7" box="[491,564,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thICk, referrIng to the large SIze of the SpeCIeS and partICularly to ItS notably heavy bIll.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB90D04FF65F036FA9BE91E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,2013]" box="[199,1402,1808,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FF65F036FDFFE91E" bold="true" box="[199,542,1808,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">Vernacular names proposed:</emphasis>
Greater
<collectingRegion id="49C8F863FFB90D04FD22F037FD2EE91E" box="[640,719,1809,1833]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">AzoreS</collectingRegion>
BullfInCh (EnglISh) PrIolo maIor doS
<collectingRegion id="49C8F863FFB90D04FB2CF037FB3CE91E" box="[1166,1245,1809,1833]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">AçoreS</collectingRegion>
(PortugueSe).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316650AFFB90D05FF65F012FA7DE971" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="574" pageId="6" pageNumber="573" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB90D05FF65F012FAD7EF2B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1700,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="574" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FF65F012FDFAE97A" bold="true" box="[199,539,1844,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">Paratypes: MCMa 1998.016</emphasis>
: an aSSemblage of boneS found together, probably belongIng to an aSSoCIated IndIvIdual: 2 humerI (left and rIght), left CarpometaCarpuS; 2 quadratI, rIght tIbIotarSuS, left CoraCoId;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FAE7F07EFEE1E9A2" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 1999.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary mandIble;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FD8CF05AFD1FE9A2" bold="true" box="[558,766,1916,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 2000.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary mandIble;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FB8EF05AFB1DE9A2" bold="true" box="[1068,1276,1916,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 2001.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary mandIble;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FEBAF086FE0BE98E" bold="true" box="[280,490,1952,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 2003.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary premaXIlla;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FC8CF086FBE1E98E" bold="true" box="[814,1024,1952,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 2004.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary premaXIlla;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FAE7F086FEE1E9EA" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 2005.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary premaXIlla;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FD96F0E2FCE1E9EA" bold="true" box="[564,768,1988,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 2006.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary premaXIlla;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB90D04FB91F0E2FB1EE9EA" bold="true" box="[1075,1279,1988,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="573">MCMa 2007.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary premaXIlla;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FE81F7B1FE0EEE87" bold="true" box="[291,495,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">MCMa 2008.016</emphasis>
: fragmentary premaXIlla;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FC86F7B1FC10EE87" bold="true" box="[804,1009,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">MCMa 2009.016</emphasis>
: aSSoCIated rIght humeruS and rIght CarpometaCarpuS;
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FEC6F79AFDCDEEE2" bold="true" box="[356,556,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">MCMa 2010.016</emphasis>
: rIght CarpometaCarpuS. All the boneS were ColleCted by E. TorreS, J.C. Illera, J.C. Rando, H. PIeper, O. Runze &amp; J.A. AlCover, 20.
<date id="FFB21041FFB80D05FCB9F7F9FC7FEECF" box="[795,926,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" value="2015-06-24">24.06.2015</date>
, eXCeptIng the mandIble
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FB6BF7F9FA74EECF" bold="true" box="[1225,1429,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">MCMa 1999.016</emphasis>
, ColleCted by E. TorreS, F. PereIra and J.A. AlCover,
<date id="FFB21041FFB80D05FD75F622FCB9EF2B" box="[727,856,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" value="2014-12-09">12.09.2014</date>
. See Supplementary fIgureS S1, S2 and S3.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF736609FFB80D05FF35F66AFBDEEFB4" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB80D05FF35F66AFBDEEFB4" blockId="7.[151,1437,332,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FF35F66AFEEDEF54" bold="true" box="[151,268,332,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Cranial measurements (traits 116; as in figure 2) of
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FCFFF66AFBEAEF54" box="[861,1035,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FCFFF66AFC5CEF54" box="[861,957,332,355]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">Pyrrhula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FC67F66AFBEAEF54" box="[965,1035,332,355]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">crassa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFB80D05FBB6F66AFBB0EF54" box="[1044,1105,332,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FBFCF66AFB24EF54" box="[1118,1221,332,355]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FBFCF66AFB24EF54" box="[1118,1221,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FB75F66AFAB1EF54" box="[1239,1360,332,355]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FB75F66AFAB1EF54" box="[1239,1360,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FA2AF66AFF15EFB4" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythaca">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FA2AF66AFF15EFB4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. erythaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mean length (mm) ± standard error, sample size shown in brackets and range.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB80D05FD91F6B6FAAFEFF9" blockId="7.[151,1437,332,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FD91F6B6FD6FEF92" box="[563,654,400,421]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FD91F6B6FD6FEF92" box="[563,654,400,421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57E8FFB80D05FD36F6A8FD26EF93" box="[660,711,398,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FD36F6A8FD26EF93" bold="true" box="[660,711,398,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">n.sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FC8FF6B6FAA3EF93" box="[813,1346,398,421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FC8FF6B6FC6EEF92" box="[813,911,400,421]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">P. murina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FC7CF6B6FBAEEF93" box="[990,1103,398,421]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">P. pyrrhula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FB72F6B6FAA3EF93" box="[1232,1346,398,421]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythaca">P. erythaca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
1:Cranium length 28.4 (1) 26.6±0.8 (10) 26.6±0.2 (4)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB33681FFB80D05FC7CF6F0FA7DE971" blockId="7.[151,1437,332,492]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,1621,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">
25.028.5 26.427
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FF65F173FEA0E859" bold="true" box="[199,321,1621,1646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Quadrate larger than In any other known SpeCIeS of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FC32F173FC14E85A" box="[912,1013,1621,1645]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FC32F173FC14E85A" box="[912,1013,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">Pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The premaXIlla IS very robuSt, whIle the noStrIlS are relatIvely Smaller In relatIon to the bIll SIze than they are In
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FBB5F15CFB62E8A6" box="[1047,1155,1658,1681]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FBB5F15CFB62E8A6" box="[1047,1155,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FB16F15CFAD4E8A6" box="[1204,1333,1657,1681]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FB16F15CFAD4E8A6" box="[1204,1333,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the proCeSSuS dorSonarIalIS IS relatIvely wIde (84% and 50% wIder than In
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FC68F1B8FBA8E882" box="[970,1097,1693,1717]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FC68F1B8FBA8E882" box="[970,1097,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FB26F1B8FB0FE882" box="[1156,1262,1694,1717]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FB26F1B8FB0FE882" box="[1156,1262,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reSpeCtIvely). The mandIble IS muCh larger, hIgher and more robuSt than In CongenerS. The SymphySeal part of the mandIble IS hIgher than In ItS CongenerS (on average, 75.6% hIgher than In
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FCCAF1C0FC02E8CA" box="[872,995,1765,1789]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FCCAF1C0FC02E8CA" box="[872,995,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 42% than In
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FB16F1C0FAFEE8CA" box="[1204,1311,1766,1789]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FB16F1C0FAFEE8CA" box="[1204,1311,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), whIle ItS length IS only 57% longer than In
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FDBEF02CFD7AE916" box="[540,667,1801,1825]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhula">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FDBEF02CFD7AE916" box="[540,667,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. pyrrhula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 32% longer than In
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D02FFB80D05FC14F02CFBC1E916" box="[950,1056,1802,1825]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
<emphasis id="B978EA93FFB80D05FC14F02CFBC1E916" box="[950,1056,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">P. murina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The humeruS, CarpometaCarpuS, CoraCoId, and tIbIotarSuS are longer and more robuSt than In the other known SpeCIeS of the genuS (
<figureCitation id="13372A04FFB80D05FB7FF008FAA9E971" box="[1245,1352,1838,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,807,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. PremaXilla and mandible of Pyrrhula crassa n. sp. (A; MCMa 2003.016 holotype, A`; MCMa 2002.016, reVersed), P. murina (B, B`; SPEA- 140) and P. pyrrhula (C; LARC- 2328, C`; CIPA- 1570). From top to bottom: dorsal, Ventral and lateral VieWs. Quadrate of P. crassa n. sp. (D; MCMa 1998.016), P. pyrrhula (E; CIPA- 1570), and Fringilla coelebs (F; IMEDEA 12518). Lateral VieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828022/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">FIgureS 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13372A04FFB80D05FADCF008FA6EE971" box="[1406,1423,1838,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,198,1794]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Coracoid, humerus and carpometacarpus of Pyrrhula crassa n. sp. (A), P. murina (B) and P. pyrrhula (C). From top to bottom: left coracoid dorsal VieW, left humerus caudal VieW and right carpometacarpus Ventral VieW. Right tibiotarsus of P. crassa n. sp. (A`), P. murina (B`) and P. pyrrhula (C`), cranial VieW. From top to bottom (A): MCMa 2010.016, MCMa 1998.016, MCMa 2009.016; (B): SPEA- 120; (C): CIPA 2057, CIPA 1570, CIPA 2328. (A`): MCMa 1998.016; (B`): SPEA- 120; (C`): LARC 2328." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828024/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="574">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>