633 lines
65 KiB
XML
633 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="11DE8B9213D9FE9C7C75174CADBDE763" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2000)244<0001:MOTRJA>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347311" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630203687125" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="PATTON, JAMES L., DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F. & MALCOLM, JAY R." docDate="2000" docId="039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A" docLanguage="en" docName="B244.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (244)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0090(2000)244%3C0001%3AMOTRJA%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Neacomys minutus PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM 2000, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="FFA7790F4B54D840FFB7335EB74EFFCF" masterDocTitle="Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1699183939665" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="95B3689B9D3E4BA9B3683A9DABE2F490">
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<mods:title id="2B69FF857A6D8924BFA5E0746674A7A8">Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B61B2AD96D9D3CF8C00CE3C0722891AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CAB62EE7BF0EE4DDD2A71166343E80C6">PATTON, JAMES L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DF97758B4E640C4AFEABE2FA6133F0D5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5C241F28C009E3126BE56C421ED93A15">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8242CF56CD3BB58B293F5E72A6783D12">DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2CF356AE63BD003EE57097FA1707E4D3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A858131C14C95B9EB1F2A4E1ABAED870">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7C58BC08829882416A435BCB78E7C455">MALCOLM, JAY R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="07F985D703765F8FB24384FCB200621E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8250257FE9B439627073B65671209DEC">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1EAC4F9B84C1CA17D72AFC1F8257692D">
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<mods:date id="5A7972F5408F46C8699600E8A5953A78">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="28C88239A1D9DDA9C0593D7C38F22BEA">2000-01-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F105F3CFBC414147A67D12EC3C92D75E">2000</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A0DCC062F3D0DC26F31E3DFFB5D41F3D">244</mods:number>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="D8C1DC332057B469E0E442828F3E7200">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="69BB0C8FE68FCAD5A1B230F925C9384F" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090(2000)244<0001:MOTRJA>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4322E14F0F9B52BB012AA8BF0649CB9A" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="422B4074F1A5E02EDB4D221B7465E267" type="Zenodo-Dep">5347311</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3CD828FC9A3708B3E7FBA2" box="[813,1193,1110,1133]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3CD828FC9A3708B3E7FBA2" blockId="104.[813,1193,1110,1133]" box="[813,1193,1110,1133]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<heading id="D0C0070D4B3CD828FC9A3708B3E7FBA2" box="[813,1193,1110,1133]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3CD828FC9A3708B344FBA2" ID-CoL="45XHN" authority="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM, 2000" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" box="[813,1034,1110,1133]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3CD828FC9A3708B344FBA2" box="[813,1034,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Neacomys minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270D1084B3CD828FBAC3708B3E7FBA2" box="[1051,1193,1110,1133]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3CD828FCB737D7B48EF997" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3CD828FCB737D7B341FA0A" blockId="104.[739,1267,1161,1741]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3CD828FCB737D7B341FA0A" collectingDate="1991-11-17" collectionCode="MVZ" collectorName="James L. Patton & University & Berkeley" county="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" location="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology" municipality="Manaus" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B3CD828FCB737D7B438FB50" box="[768,886,1161,1184]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: INPA 2689 (
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<collectingCounty id="62E9C8ED4B3CD828FBA837D7B360FB72" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC2A1B4B3CD828FB8837F8B3D1FB72" box="[1087,1183,1190,1213]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Manaus</collectingMunicipality>
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), adult female (lactating and pregnant, with three embryos), collected
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<date id="FF8996A14B3CD828FC6A37BFB386FB37" box="[989,1224,1249,1272]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="1991-11-17">
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<collectingDate id="EFCD6F494B3CD828FC6A37BFB386FB37" box="[989,1224,1249,1272]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="1991-11-17">17 November 1991</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="26C2D5B74B3CD828FD5437A0B4E2FADA" box="[739,940,1278,1301]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">James L. Patton</collectorName>
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(original number 16073); skin with skull and mandibles, in good condition; liver and kidney tissue preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol and maintained in the tissue collections of both INPA and the
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<location id="8EE8E6BA4B3CD828FB1E362AB35AFA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A:8EE8E6BA4B3CD828FB1E362AB35AFA67" county="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" municipality="Manaus" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="California">Museum of Vertebrate Zoology</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26C2D5B74B3CD828FB9736CFB3D5FA67" box="[1056,1179,1425,1448]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">University</collectorName>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B3CD828FB7636CFB47AFA0A" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectorName id="26C2D5B74B3CD828FCF636F0B4E4FA0A" box="[833,938,1454,1477]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Berkeley</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3CD828FC0B36F0B34DFA0A" box="[956,1027,1454,1477]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="Museum">MVZ</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3CD828FCB73692B48EF997" blockId="104.[739,1267,1161,1741]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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TYPE LOCALITY: Altamira, left bank Rio Jurua´, Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3CD828FC7F36B7B35CF9CF" box="[968,1042,1513,1536]" name="Brazil" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03D6A64B3CD828FB9236B7B33AF9CF" box="[1061,1140,1513,1536]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" precision="925" value="-6.5833335">6°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03D6A64B3CD828FB3F36B7B3BEF9CF" box="[1160,1264,1513,1536]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" precision="925" value="-68.9">68°54'W</geoCoordinate>
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Obtained in terra firme forest on our standardized trap line in a Sherman live trap, station number
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<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3CD828FCCA351FB4D1F997" box="[893,927,1601,1624]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">D</collectionCode>
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14.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3CD82BFCB73500B780FAFC" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3CD82AFCB73500B542FA67" blockId="104.[739,1267,1161,1741]" lastBlockId="106.[163,692,1161,1741]" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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DIAGNOSIS: This is a diminutive species with a long tail, dark orange dorsal coloration strongly but finely streaked with black (fig. 68), short ears (
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<quantity id="4CCF1D844B3CD828FC5335E8B374F902" box="[996,1082,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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or less), small and delicate skull (figs. 70, 71, 76), short maxillary toothrow (<2.75 mm), primitive carotid arterial system (pattern 1 of Voss, 1988; Carleton and Musser, 1989) with a squamosoalisphenoid groove and sphenofrontal foramen, incisive foramen teardrop in shape (fig. 74), a weakly developed anteromedian flexus (id) of both upper and lower first molars (fig. 72), and karyotype of 2n = 35–36, FN = 40 (fig. 75BC).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF48E0E94B3ED82AFF0A30BBB384FB85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347469" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347469/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" startId="106.[189,227,997,1018]" targetBox="[172,1258,188,975]" targetPageId="106">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3ED82AFF0A30BBB384FB85" blockId="106.[163,1267,997,1102]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
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Fig. 73. Morphometric relationships among samples of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3ED82AFC8630B8B4D2FC34" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[817,924,998,1019]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFC8630B8B4D2FC34" box="[817,924,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Neacomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Perú and western Brazil
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFF14375EB66EFBDA" bold="true" box="[163,288,1024,1045]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Upper Left</emphasis>
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: bivariate relationship of headbody length versus total length.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFC7D375EB319FBDA" bold="true" box="[970,1111,1024,1045]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Upper Right</emphasis>
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: rostral length and condyloincisive length.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFE673744B501FBE0" bold="true" box="[464,591,1050,1071]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lower Left</emphasis>
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: maxillary toothrow length and condyloincisive length.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFB1D3744B7AFFB85" bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lower Right</emphasis>
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: first and second axes from a discriminant function analysis based on log
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<subScript id="17B3B2244B3ED82AFC4B371FB345FB81" attach="left" box="[1020,1035,1089,1102]" fontSize="5" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">10</subScript>
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cranial variables.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3ED82AFF7736F0B3BDF902" blockId="106.[163,692,1161,1741]" lastBlockId="106.[739,1268,1161,1741]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3ED82AFF7736F0B6A8F997" county="These" location="We" municipality="Rio Jurua'" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" specimenCount="2">
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REFERRED SPECIMENS:
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<location id="8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFE7F36F0B6A0FA0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A:8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFE7F36F0B6A0FA0A" box="[456,494,1454,1477]" county="These" municipality="Rio Jurua'" name="We" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">We</location>
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obtained 31 additional specimens from seven localities within the
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC2A1B4B3ED82AFE9036B7B6D0F9CF" box="[295,414,1513,1536]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rio Jurua´</collectingMunicipality>
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, including the
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<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B3ED82AFDE236B7B5C9F9CF" box="[597,647,1513,1536]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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<collectingCounty id="62E9C8ED4B3ED82AFF4F3558B673F9D2" box="[248,317,1542,1565]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">These</collectingCounty>
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include Sacado (locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFDCA3558B5C2F9D1" bold="true" box="[637,652,1542,1566]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">5</emphasis>
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)— MNFS 624 (adult female, skin with skull) and 642 (adult male, fluid)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3ED82AFE43351FB46CFB37" accessionNumber="JLP 15356, JLP 15365" location="Penedo" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFE43351FB504F997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A:8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFE43351FB504F997" box="[500,586,1601,1624]" name="Penedo" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Penedo</location>
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(locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFF143500B7FCF9B9" bold="true" box="[163,178,1630,1654]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">7</emphasis>
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)—JLP 15356 (adult male, skull with body in fluid), JLP 15365 (adult male, skin with skull), MNFS 376 (adult male, skull with body in fluid), MNFS 409 (adult female, skin with skull), MNFS 410 (adult female, fluid) MNFS 493 (subadult male, complete skeleton), MNFS 494 (adult male, complete skeleton)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3ED82AFC8137BFB303FAFC" location="Nova Empresa" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFC8137BFB4A5FB37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A:8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFC8137BFB4A5FB37" box="[822,1003,1249,1272]" name="Nova Empresa" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Nova Empresa</location>
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(locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFBDB37BFB335FB36" bold="true" box="[1132,1147,1249,1273]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">8</emphasis>
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)—JUR 3 (adult female, skull only), JUR 48 (adult male, skull with body in fluid)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3ED82AFBED3642B4E2F9F4" accessionNumber="JLP 16046, JLP 16059, JLP 16060, JLP 16061, JLP 16062, JLP 16063, JLP 16064, JLP 16065, JLP 16078, JLP 16079" location="Altamira" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFBED3642B38FFAFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A:8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFBED3642B38FFAFC" box="[1114,1217,1308,1331]" name="Altamira" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Altamira</location>
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(locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFC9C3667B474FA9E" bold="true" box="[811,826,1337,1361]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">9</emphasis>
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)—JLP 16046 (adult male, fluid), JLP 16059 (adult female, fluid), JLP 16060 (adult female, skin and skull), JLP 16061 (adult male, skin with skull), JLP 16062 (subadult male, fluid), JLP 16063 (adult male, fluid) JLP 16064 (adult female, fluid), JLP 16065 (adult female, fluid), JLP 16078 (adult male skin with skull), JLP 16079 (adult female skin with skull)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3ED82AFC77357AB460F95C" accessionNumber="JLP 15846, JLP 15847" location="Barro Vermelho" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFC77357AB3CAF9F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A:8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFC77357AB3CAF9F4" box="[960,1156,1572,1595]" name="Barro Vermelho" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Barro Vermelho</location>
|
||
(locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFD54351FB44EF996" bold="true" box="[739,768,1601,1625]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">12</emphasis>
|
||
)—JLP 15846 (adult female, skin with skull), JLP 15847 (adult male, skin with skull)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3ED82AFCF63522B3BDF902" location="Vira-Volta" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFCF63522B48BF95C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B3CD830FC9A3708B3A1FF3A:8EE8E6BA4B3ED82AFCF63522B48BF95C" box="[833,965,1660,1683]" name="Vira-Volta" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">ViraVolta</location>
|
||
(locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3ED82AFBFE3525B329F95C" bold="true" box="[1097,1127,1659,1683]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">14</emphasis>
|
||
)–JUR 487 (adult female, skin with skull), MNFS 1718 (adult male, skull with body in fluid), MNFS
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3FD82BFF103710B780FAFC" blockId="107.[167,696,1102,1742]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
1734 (adult female, fluid), MNFS 1735 (adult female, skin with skull), MNFS 1742 (adult male, fluid), MNFS 1743 (adult female, skull with body in fluid), MNFS 1744 (adult male, skull with body in fluid), MNFS 1745 (adult male, fluid); and Ilhazinha (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFF4337A0B65FFAD9" bold="true" box="[244,273,1278,1302]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">16</emphasis>
|
||
)—MNFS 1787 (adult female, fluid).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3FD82BFF733667B455FB37" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3FD82BFF733667B5DFF9CF" blockId="107.[167,696,1102,1742]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FBA3C4B3FD82BFF733667B5DFF9CF" collectionCode="TOL, TAL, CIL, ZB, MB, IOC, RL, NL, D, MTRL, IFL, PBL, AW, OCB, BOL, MPFL, MPFW, ZPL, CD" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" specimenCode="RW-1, 3.93, RW-2, 3.12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS OF
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B3FD82BFE1A3667B56DFA80" box="[429,547,1337,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFD803667B53CFA9F" box="[567,626,1337,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">TOL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 145;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFF103608B7AFFAA2" box="[167,225,1366,1389]" country="France" name="Jardin botanique de Talence" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">TAL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 74; HF, 20; E, 12;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFE593608B56EFAA2" box="[494,544,1366,1389]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">CIL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 17.49;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFD3D3608B5FCFAA2" box="[650,690,1366,1389]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ZB</collectionCode>
|
||
, 10.44;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFF4C362AB665FA44" box="[251,299,1396,1419]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">MB</collectionCode>
|
||
, 8.54;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFE36362AB6F8FA44" box="[385,438,1396,1419]" country="Brazil" name="Colecao de Culturas de Fungos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">IOC</collectionCode>
|
||
, 4.11;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFDBC362AB57DFA44" box="[523,563,1396,1419]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">RL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 6.36;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFD3E362AB5FDFA44" box="[649,691,1396,1419]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">NL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 7.27;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB91181A4B3FD82BFF5C36CFB67CFA67" box="[235,306,1425,1448]" collectionCode="RW-" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">RW1</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB91181A4B3FD82BFEF736CFB638FA67" box="[320,374,1425,1448]" collectionCode="RW-" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">3.93</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB91181A4B3FD82BFE3236CFB683FA67" box="[389,461,1425,1448]" collectionCode="RW-" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">RW2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB91181A4B3FD82BFE6D36CFB55EFA67" box="[474,528,1425,1448]" collectionCode="RW-" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">3.12</specimenCode>
|
||
; OL, 6.67;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFD2D36CFB5FFFA67" box="[666,689,1425,1448]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">D</collectionCode>
|
||
, 5.10;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFF4636F0B60BFA0A" box="[241,325,1454,1477]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">MTRL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 2.42;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFE1436F0B69FFA0A" box="[419,465,1454,1477]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">IFL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 2.90;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFD8736F0B526FA0A" box="[560,616,1454,1477]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">PBL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 7.75;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFF103692B79BFA2C" box="[167,213,1484,1507]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">AW</collectionCode>
|
||
, 3.91;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFE873692B621FA2C" box="[304,367,1484,1507]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">OCB</collectionCode>
|
||
, 4.92;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFE7C3692B546FA2C" box="[459,520,1484,1507]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 2.92;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFDD33692B5FDFA2C" box="[612,691,1484,1507]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">MPFL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 2.68;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFF5B36B7B60FF9CF" box="[236,321,1513,1536]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">MPFW</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1.74;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFE2436B7B684F9CF" box="[403,458,1513,1536]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ZPL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1.87;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2628A44B3FD82BFDAA36B7B506F9CF" box="[541,584,1513,1536]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">CD</collectionCode>
|
||
, 7.09.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3FD82BFF733558B5F9F9D2" blockId="107.[167,696,1102,1742]" box="[196,695,1542,1565]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS: See table 24.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3FD82BFF73357AB5F9F902" blockId="107.[167,696,1102,1742]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS: This is the second smallbodied species in the Rio Juruá basin (skin, fig. 68; skull, figs. 7071; table 24). Although these two are not sympatric (fig. 64),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFEAE35C7B6D4F97F" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" box="[281,410,1689,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFEAE35C7B662F97F" box="[281,300,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFE8935C7B6D4F97F" box="[318,410,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFF5035E9B62DF901" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" box="[231,355,1718,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFF5035E9B7B4F901" box="[231,250,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFEBE35E9B62DF901" box="[265,355,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a number of cranial char
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3FD82BFD50339FB455FB37" blockId="107.[743,1272,193,1742]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
acters and by karyotype, as well as by molecular sequences. It is smaller in virtually all external and cranial measurements, except with a slightly longer and much broader mesopterygoid fossa (table 24). It possesses the primitive carotid arterial system characteristic of other members of the genus, as opposed to the derived condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFBC432D1B45AFE0C" authority="The" authorityName="The" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFBC432D1B3C8FE69" box="[1139,1158,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFB2132D1B3BEFE69" box="[1174,1264,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">musseri</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
incisive foramen is distinctly teardrop in shape, rather than oval, with a narrower septum (fig. 74). The anteromedian flexus (id on both upper and lower first molars is weakly developed (fig. 72). And it has a 2n = 35– 36, FN = 40 karyotype versus the 2n = 34 FN = 64–68 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFC0F3102B377FDBC" box="[952,1081,604,627]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC0F3102B485FDBC" box="[952,971,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC683102B377FDBC" box="[991,1081,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFBFA3102B468FD5F" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFBFA3102B468FD5F" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Neacomys minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not differ appreciably, however in cranial shape parameters, maintaining the same proportionality of length, width, and height as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFC31318FB346FD27" box="[902,1032,721,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC31318FB4D7FD27" box="[902,921,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC19318FB346FD27" box="[942,1032,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is evident in both bivariate plots of individual measurements as well as in the principal components analysis. Although the two species differ substantially in overall size (as evidenced by their respective scores on PC1 axis; table 24), their significant difference on PC2 is due solely to mesopterygoid fossa width, and they are statistically identical on all subsequent PC axes (table 24).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFBAC3087B3B9FC3F" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" box="[1051,1271,985,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFBAC3087B3B9FC3F" box="[1051,1271,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Neacomys minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considerably smaller that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3FD82BFB9930A9B3FBFBC1" box="[1070,1205,1014,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFB9930A9B30FFBC1" box="[1070,1089,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFBE630A9B3FBFBC1" box="[1105,1205,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all external and cranial measurements, but shares with it the primitive carotid arterial pattern. The distinctly small hind feet, black instead of more brown ears, and darker dorsal pelage more finely streaked with black are characters useful for field separation of these two species, other than general body size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3FD82CFCB337A0B418F9BA" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3FD82BFCB337A0B407F902" blockId="107.[743,1272,193,1742]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known only from the central (Upper Central and Lower Central regions) and lower (Mouth Region sections of the Rio Jurua´,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B3FD82BFB983608B462FA44" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Estado do Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3FD82BFC8C362AB4CCFA44" box="[827,898,1396,1419]" name="Brazil" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 62). Smallbodied taxa of generally similar morphology from adjacent areas in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3FD82BFC7736F0B4BBFA0A" box="[960,1013,1454,1477]" name="Peru" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3FD82BFB2136F0B3B9FA0A" box="[1174,1271,1454,1477]" name="Ecuador" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(clade 3, fig. 63), or on the opposite (northern) side of the Rio Solimões along the Rio Jaú in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3FD82BFC3C3558B49CF9D2" box="[907,978,1542,1565]" name="Brazil" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(clade 6, fig. 63), belong to quite different mtDNA clades and are probably best considered to be separate species. We caught these mice in terra firme forest at localities
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC103525B4F8F95C" bold="true" box="[935,950,1659,1683]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">7</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC7E3525B496F95C" bold="true" box="[969,984,1659,1683]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">9</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC5D3525B349F95C" bold="true" box="[1002,1031,1659,1683]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">12</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFBAD3525B379F95C" bold="true" box="[1050,1079,1659,1683]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">14</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFBC83525B3D2F95C" bold="true" box="[1151,1180,1659,1683]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">16</emphasis>
|
||
, but in seasonally flooded várzea forest at localities
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFD5035E8B5B8F901" bold="true" box="[743,758,1718,1742]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">5</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3FD82BFC8435E8B40CF901" bold="true" box="[819,834,1718,1742]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">8</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B38D82CFF0A366EB41DFA5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347471/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" startId="108.[189,227,1328,1349]" targetBox="[231,1199,187,1307]" targetPageId="108">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B38D82CFF0A366EB41DFA5A" blockId="108.[163,1267,1328,1429]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Fig. 74. Illustrations of the size and shape of the incisive foramina of four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B38D82CFB30366EB3BCFA8A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[1159,1266,1328,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFB30366EB3BCFA8A" box="[1159,1266,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Neacomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern Perú and Rio Juruá basin of western Brazil.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFC993614B4E1FA90" bold="true" box="[814,943,1354,1375]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Upper Left</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B38D82CFC753615B379FAAF" box="[962,1079,1355,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFC753615B49DFAAF" box="[962,979,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFC513615B379FAAF" box="[998,1079,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype, MVZ 171486).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFEBB363BB6D3FAB5" bold="true" box="[268,413,1381,1402]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Upper Right</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B38D82CFE063638B568FAB4" box="[433,550,1381,1403]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFE063638B68CFAB4" box="[433,450,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFE623638B568FAB4" box="[469,550,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNFS 1395, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFC99363BB475FAB5" bold="true" box="[814,827,1381,1402]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">2</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFCE1363BB496FAB5" bold="true" box="[854,984,1381,1402]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Lower Left</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B38D82CFC5B3638B32CFAB4" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" box="[1004,1122,1381,1403]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFC5B3638B4B3FAB4" box="[1004,1021,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFBB83638B32CFAB4" box="[1039,1122,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JLP 16061, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFF4D36DEB649FA5A" bold="true" box="[250,263,1408,1429]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">9</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFEA836DEB6E1FA5A" bold="true" box="[287,431,1408,1429]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Lower Right</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B38D82CFE0836DEB574FA5A" box="[447,570,1408,1429]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFE0836DEB69EFA5A" box="[447,464,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFE5736DEB574FA5A" box="[480,570,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNFS 1236, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B38D82CFC8036DEB40AFA5A" bold="true" box="[823,836,1408,1429]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">1</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B38D82CFF773692B418F9BA" blockId="108.[163,692,1484,1741]" lastBlockId="108.[739,1267,1484,1741]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">REPRODUCTION: We caught pregnant females in the months of August, September, October, November, May, and June. These span both the dry and wet seasons, and suggest that reproduction is yearround. Litter sizes were three in all cases. One female was both lactating and in the early stages of pregnancy, suggesting a postpartum estrus. Individuals of both sexes were in reproductive condition (pregnant females and males with scrotal testes and enlarged vesicular glands) while still partly in subadult pelage and with completely erupted but unworn molar teeth suggesting that breeding commences at an early age.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B38D82DFCB73522B4EAF9D2" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B38D82CFCB73522B377F97F" blockId="108.[739,1267,1484,1741]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">ETYMOLOGY: Named for its distinctly small size and diminutive features.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B38D82DFCB735E8B4EAF9D2" blockId="108.[739,1267,1484,1741]" lastBlockId="109.[743,1272,1425,1741]" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
KARYOTYPE: 2n = 35–36, FN = 40 (fig 74BC). The autosomes consists of 14 pairs of acrocentric elements, three distinctly large, one mediumsized, and the remainder grading in size from small to very small. The mediumsized element is apparently involved in a Robertsonian polymorphism, with heterozygous individuals found at both Sacado (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFEA73500B651F9B9" bold="true" box="[272,287,1630,1654]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">5</emphasis>
|
||
) and Altamira (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFD8C3500B504F9B9" bold="true" box="[571,586,1630,1654]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">9</emphasis>
|
||
); all others (from Penedo [locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFE513525B6BBF95C" bold="true" box="[486,501,1659,1683]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">7</emphasis>
|
||
], Barro Vermelho [locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFE8235C7B61CF97E" bold="true" box="[309,338,1689,1713]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">12</emphasis>
|
||
], and ViraVolta [locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFD3135C7B5EDF97E" bold="true" box="[646,675,1689,1713]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">14</emphasis>
|
||
]) were homozygous for the acrocentric condi tion. There are also three pairs of very small biarmed autosomal elements. The Xchromosome is a mediumsmall metacentric chromosome; the Ychromosome is small and acrocentric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B39D82DFF76365DB426FA82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347473/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" startId="109.[193,231,1283,1304]" targetBox="[254,1183,191,1262]" targetPageId="109">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B39D82DFF76365DB426FA82" blockId="109.[167,1271,1282,1357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Fig. 75. Karyotypes of three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B39D82DFDC0365DB5ACFAD7" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[631,738,1283,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFDC0365DB5ACFAD7" box="[631,738,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Neacomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Rio Jurua´, western Brazil.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFBD1365CB337FAD8" bold="true" box="[1126,1145,1282,1303]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B39D82DFB30365DB3B9FAD7" box="[1159,1271,1283,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFB30365DB3D6FAD7" box="[1159,1176,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFB11365DB3B9FAD7" box="[1190,1271,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNFS 1395, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFE213643B6EDFAFD" bold="true" box="[406,419,1309,1330]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">2</emphasis>
|
||
), 2n=34.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFDA73643B56FFAFD" bold="true" box="[528,545,1309,1330]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B39D82DFD873640B5ECFAFC" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" box="[560,674,1309,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFD873640B50FFAFC" box="[560,577,1310,1331]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFDF83640B5ECFAFC" box="[591,674,1310,1331]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JLP 15847, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFC303643B4EFFAFD" bold="true" box="[903,929,1309,1330]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">12</emphasis>
|
||
), 2n=36.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFBB93643B36FFAFD" bold="true" box="[1038,1057,1309,1330]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B39D82DFB983640B3EFFAFC" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" box="[1071,1185,1309,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFB983640B30EFAFC" box="[1071,1088,1310,1331]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFBF93640B3EFFAFC" box="[1102,1185,1310,1331]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNFS 624, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFE823666B60CFA82" bold="true" box="[309,322,1336,1357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">5</emphasis>
|
||
), 2n=35.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFE053666B68BFA82" bold="true" box="[434,453,1336,1357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B39D82DFE633666B501FA82" box="[468,591,1336,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFE633666B6ABFA82" box="[468,485,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFE423666B501FA82" box="[501,591,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNFS 1481, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFCFB3666B417FA82" bold="true" box="[844,857,1336,1357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">4</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B39D82FFCB3357AB5CAF9A8" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B39D82EFCB3357AB6C2F902" blockId="109.[743,1272,1425,1741]" lastBlockId="110.[163,692,1428,1741]" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
COMMENTS: This species is morphologically similar to smallbodied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B39D82DFB96351FB3D6F997" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[1057,1176,1601,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B39D82DFB96351FB3D6F997" box="[1057,1176,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Neacomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we have examined from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B39D82DFBEF3500B3C3F9BA" box="[1112,1165,1630,1653]" name="Peru" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B39D82DFB783500B467F95C" name="Ecuador" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(clade 6, fig. 63), although the two differ greatly in molecular sequence. The average Kimura twoparameter distance be tween these samples is 13.05% (table 23). Although it might be argued that this difference is due in part to the geographic distance between the samples,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3AD82EFE0D36B5B506F9CD" box="[442,584,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFE0D36B5B683F9CD" box="[442,461,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFE5336B5B506F9CD" box="[484,584,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits only 2% divergence among samples taken across the same large geographic region. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses provide no support for a sistergroup relationship between the Rio Juruá and northwestern Amazonian forms, relative to any other identifiable clade (fig. 63).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B3AD82EFF0A3645B6CDFAAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347475" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347475/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" startId="110.[189,227,1307,1328]" targetBox="[285,1144,190,1286]" targetPageId="110">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3AD82EFF0A3645B6CDFAAA" blockId="110.[163,1266,1307,1381]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Fig. 76. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the cranium of the holotype (INPA 2689) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3AD82EFB303645B7B8FA84" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFB303645B7B8FA84" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Neacomys minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an adult. The skin and maxillary toothrows are illustrated in figures 68 and 71, respectively Magnification = ×4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3AD82EFCB736CAB3BDF902" blockId="110.[739,1268,1428,1741]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
This taxon also exhibits considerable geographic differentiation in cytochromeb sequences within the Rio Juruá basin (fig. 64) Specimens from the Upper Central localities of Seringal Condor (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFC623556B4AAF9EF" bold="true" box="[981,996,1544,1568]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">6</emphasis>
|
||
) and Penedo (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFB393556B3D3F9EF" bold="true" box="[1166,1181,1544,1568]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">7</emphasis>
|
||
) differ on average, from those from the Lower Central and Mouth regions (Altamira [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFB30351CB3D8F995" bold="true" box="[1159,1174,1602,1626]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">9</emphasis>
|
||
], Barro Vermelho [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFCDF3501B4CBF9B8" bold="true" box="[872,901,1631,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">12</emphasis>
|
||
], ViraVolta [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFB993501B305F9B8" bold="true" box="[1070,1099,1631,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">14</emphasis>
|
||
], and Ilhazinha [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3AD82EFCA53522B461F95B" bold="true" box="[786,815,1660,1684]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">16</emphasis>
|
||
]) by 6.9% (table 23), with great similarity of haplotypes within each of these two geographic clusters (0.41%, or less). Com
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B3BD82FFF763173B797FD5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347477/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" startId="111.[193,231,557,578]" targetBox="[170,691,188,535]" targetPageId="111">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFF763173B797FD5D" blockId="111.[167,695,557,659]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Fig. 77. Frequency distribution of discriminant scores for individuals of the upriver and downriver cytochromeb clades of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3BD82FFDA2313DB79CFD5C" authorityName="PATTON & DA SILVA & MALCOLM" authorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFDA2313DB79CFD5C" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Neacomys minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFF10319AB6F0F9E2" blockId="111.[167,696,708,1581]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
parisons between the limited samples of the two clades (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B3BD82FFE8231BFB6DCFD37" box="[309,402,737,760]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="adult">9 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
for the upriver clade, 11 for the downriver clade) in morphometric characters revealed no significant differences for any single variable. Nevertheless, specimens belonging to the two clades are separable based on multivariate discriminant analysis, with the mean scores on the single discriminant axis significantly different (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFD3030F1B5D7FC09" box="[647,665,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">F</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17B3B2244B3BD82FFD2E30E5B5F9FC06" attach="left" box="[665,695,955,969]" fontSize="6" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">1,18</subScript>
|
||
= 109.772,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFE893092B603FC2C" box="[318,333,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001). Table 25 lists the standardized discriminant coefficients for the 16 variables included in the analysis, and figure 76 provides a histogram of the scores for individuals of both clades on the single discriminant axis extracted. This analysis correctly classifies all 20 individuals to their respective cytochromeb clades, despite what appears to be rather minimal separation on the single axis obtained in the analysis (fig. 77). For the moment, we assign no special taxonomic significance to this difference, although such may be supported by additional samples. Rather, we only highlight this difference, both to illustrate the parallel pattern of differentiation in molecular as well as morphological characters and to further emphasize the number of strongly defined and differentiated haplotype clades of smallbodied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3BD82FFF6536A7B607F9DF" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[210,329,1529,1552]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFF6536A7B607F9DF" box="[210,329,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Neacomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that apparently replace one another across Amazonia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFF6E350FB5CAF9A8" blockId="111.[167,695,1616,1741]" box="[217,644,1616,1640]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3BD82FFF6E350FB5CAF9A8" authority="(Thomas, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[217,644,1616,1640]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFF6E350FB6F0F9A7" box="[217,446,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Neacomys spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Thomas, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3BD82FFF733522B49BFF3A" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFF733522B5F9F902" blockId="111.[167,695,1616,1741]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Huambo, 3700',’’ to the east of Chachapoyas and Chirimoto, on the banks of the Río Huambo, a tributary of the</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFD50339FB49BFF3A" blockId="111.[743,1272,193,1741]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Huallaga (Thomas, 1882: 99),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B3BD82FFBE4339FB4C4FF3A" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Departamento de Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Peru´.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3BD82FFCB333A2B393FB72" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFCB333A2B43FFB6F" blockId="111.[743,1272,193,1741]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
DESCRIPTION: This is the largest species in the genus, averaging over
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B3BD82FFB993247B3DDFEFF" box="[1070,1171,281,304]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total length and 20.7 mm in condyloincisive length of the skull (table 24, figs. 69 and 70) From eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFC38322FB4BEFE47" box="[911,1008,369,392]" name="Ecuador" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFB3B322FB38FFE47" box="[1164,1217,369,392]" name="Peru" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
and east into western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFC0D32D0B34AFE6A" box="[954,1028,398,421]" name="Brazil" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B3BD82FFBA532D1B3D5FE69" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1042,1179,398,422]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFBA532D1B36BFE69" box="[1042,1061,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFB8032D1B3D5FE69" box="[1079,1179,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively uniform in body dimensions, but exhibits variation in the darkness of the dorsal pelage, ranging from a paler yellowreddish brown mixed with black to a darker reddishbrown. An appreciation of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B3BD82FFBD6317FB3DDFDF7" box="[1121,1171,545,568]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of variation must await a more detailed and thorough analysis. Within our sample from the Rio Jurua´, the skull is long with a relatively narrow braincase, but it differs only in general size, rather than in proportions, from other species in the genus (fig. 73, and above). The carotid circulation pattern is of the primitive
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B3BD82FFC3B3052B48FFCEC" box="[908,961,780,803]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, retaining the welldeveloped squamosalalisphenoid groove and sphenofrontal foramen indicative of the presence of the supraorbital branch of the stapedial artery (pattern 1; Voss, 1988; Carleton and Musser, 1989). The maxillary toothrow is longer than that of other species, averaging over
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B3BD82FFC9D3087B43AFC3F" box="[810,884,985,1008]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. The molar occlusal morphology is similar to that of other species (fig. 72), except that the procingulum of both upper and lower first molars is either entire or only weakly divided into anterolabial and anterolingual conules by the anteromedian flexus (id).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFCB337F8B393FB72" blockId="111.[743,1272,193,1741]" box="[772,1245,1190,1213]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">SELECTED MEASUREMENTS: See table 24.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B3BD830FCB2379AB5D3FC0C" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFCB2379AB32DF997" blockId="111.[743,1272,193,1741]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Specimens that can be clearly allocated to this species are known from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFBCA37A0B3B9FADA" box="[1149,1271,1278,1301]" name="Colombia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
south through eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFC583642B31EFAFC" box="[1007,1104,1308,1331]" name="Ecuador" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFB3B3642B38FFAFC" box="[1164,1217,1308,1331]" name="Peru" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
into northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFCE33667B4E2FA9F" box="[852,940,1337,1360]" name="Bolivia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and east as far as the central Rio Juruá basin in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B3BD82FFC4F3608B3BDFAA2" box="[1016,1267,1366,1389]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Estado do Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B3BD82FFD50362AB460FA44" box="[743,814,1396,1419]" name="Brazil" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(figs. 62 and 63; table 22). Along the Rio Jurua´, we obtained specimens only in the Headwaters (localities
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFC4536F0B34FFA09" bold="true" box="[1010,1025,1454,1478]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFBB836F0B350FA09" bold="true" box="[1039,1054,1454,1478]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">2</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFBEA36F0B322FA09" bold="true" box="[1117,1132,1454,1478]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">4</emphasis>
|
||
) and Upper Central regions (localities
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFB9A3695B372FA2C" bold="true" box="[1069,1084,1483,1507]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">6</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFB363695B3DEFA2C" bold="true" box="[1153,1168,1483,1507]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">7</emphasis>
|
||
). In the former, both nonflooded terra firme and periodically flooded ‘‘várzea’’ forests were occupied, but the species is apparently limited to terra firme further downriver.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B3BD82FFCB33500B3B9F902" blockId="111.[743,1272,193,1741]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
KARYOTYPE: 2n = 64, FN = 68 (fig. 75D) We have data from 13 individuals from four localities: Porongaba (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B3BD82FFBC935C7B3C3F97E" bold="true" box="[1150,1165,1689,1713]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">1</emphasis>
|
||
: MNFS 1236, 1262, 1263, 1322, 1404), opposite Po
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B24D830FF14339FB633FD57" blockId="112.[163,692,193,1741]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
rongaba (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FEC7339FB631FF16" bold="true" box="[368,383,193,217]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">2</emphasis>
|
||
: MNFS 1339), Sobral (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FF5A3381B7B2FF38" bold="true" box="[237,252,223,247]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">4</emphasis>
|
||
: MNFS 1481, 1565), Condor (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FF7833A2B790FEDB" bold="true" box="[207,222,252,276]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">6</emphasis>
|
||
: JLP 15674), and Penedo (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FD2B33A2B5E5FEDB" bold="true" box="[668,683,252,276]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">7</emphasis>
|
||
: JLP 15292, 15314, MNFS 348, 357). The autosomal complement is almost entirely acrocentric, with one distinctly large pair, four pairs of medium size, and 23 pairs that grade from small to very small. There are also three pairs of very small biarmed elements. The Xchromosome is a mediumlarge subtelocentric chromosome, and the Ychromosome is a very small acrocentric element. This karyotype is identical to that described from specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B24D830FDBE311BB532FD93" box="[521,636,581,604]" name="Colombia" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and several localities throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B24D830FDB0313DB572FDB5" box="[519,572,611,634]" name="Peru" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Gardner and Patton, 1976).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B24D830FF7731C1B5D3FC0C" blockId="112.[163,692,193,1741]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
REPRODUCTION: Three of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B24D830FE5D31C1B525FD79" box="[490,619,671,694]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
|
||
taken during August and September in the dry season were pregnant, with two or three embryos; others were either nulliparous young or postlactating without signs of current reproductive activity. Four of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B24D830FE7A306AB525FC84" box="[461,619,820,843]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="female">eight females</specimenCount>
|
||
taken in the months of February and March, during the rainy season, were pregnant (embryo count ranging from 2 to 4), two were postlactating, and two were young of the year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B24D830FF773094B3A1FF3A" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B24D830FF773094B577F9F8" blockId="112.[163,692,193,1741]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
COMMENTS: This species appears to be rather uniform in body size throughout its range in western Amazonia, and thus readily distinguishable by this feature alone from the various sympatric, smallbodied forms described above. The level of mtDNA sequence divergence across its sampled geographic range is also limited, with an average divergence of only 2.1% among specimens from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B24D830FEB73788B62CFB22" box="[256,354,1238,1261]" name="Ecuador" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern Peru´, and the Rio Juruá basin. The maximum Kimura twoparameter distance between any two haplotypes is 3.7% (a specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B24D830FE5F366EB507FA88" box="[488,585,1328,1351]" name="Ecuador" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and one from the Rio Jurua´). There is essentially no differentiation between localities within the Rio Jurua´, with greater variation among haplotypes within some localities (e.g., Sobral, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FEB5369BB65FFA12" bold="true" box="[258,273,1477,1501]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">4</emphasis>
|
||
) than among them (fig. 65). Names available that are probable synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B24D830FD2F36BAB649F9D6" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FD2F36BAB5E5FA34" box="[664,683,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FF14355CB649F9D6" box="[163,263,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FEC8355CB6A8F9D6" box="[383,486,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">amoenus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas (1903) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FF60357EB60DF9F8" box="[215,323,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">carceleni</emphasis>
|
||
Hershkovitz (1940).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B24D830FF773560B3A1FF3A" blockId="112.[163,692,193,1741]" lastBlockId="112.[739,1266,193,245]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED (n = 33): (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FDF83563B510F99A" bold="true" box="[591,606,1597,1621]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">1</emphasis>
|
||
) 5f — MNFS 1236, 1262–1263, 1322, 1404; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FDCE3502B5C6F9BB" bold="true" box="[633,648,1628,1652]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">2</emphasis>
|
||
) 1f — MNFS 1339; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FE383524B6D0F95D" bold="true" box="[399,414,1658,1682]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">4</emphasis>
|
||
) 3f — MNFS 1438, 1481, 1565; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FEF435C6B61CF97F" bold="true" box="[323,338,1688,1712]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">6</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B24D830FED235C6B6C4F960" box="[357,394,1688,1711]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
— JLP 15674; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B24D830FDE135C6B52BF97F" bold="true" box="[598,613,1688,1712]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">7</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B24D830FDCF35C6B5E0F960" box="[632,686,1688,1711]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
|
||
, 13f — JLP 15292, 15314, 15341–15344, 15364, 15457, 15497, MNFS 348, 357–359, 374, 375, 377–379, 407, 424–425, 473, 523
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |